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<document id="73BCE7E6F15D8409149B7987A0CF7BB4" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3722.4.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d2db5db0-c5ca-4150-8d74-d39f2d96a78f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="249140" ID-ZooBank="C1F59CA8-0F0E-471B-9B2D-26980A002511" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460692944579" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Trager, James C." docDate="2013" docId="03DBDC46FFA3FF864BBEF9BEFD2E6E05" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03722p548.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3722 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Polyergus ruber Trager, 2013, new species" docType="treatment" docUuid="8BD4557A-7672-447B-82FF-3B0729B4395D" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="529" masterDocId="FFE2A43EFFB8FF9A4B29FFC1FFE46976" masterDocTitle="Global revision of the dulotic ant genus Polyergus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Formicinae, Formicini)" masterLastPageNumber="548" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="528" updateTime="1698351922635" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4D56B0E1FD27C813C154C5D88BB181B9">
<mods:title id="DC210D0AEFFA5154CB433690D6EFD91C">Global revision of the dulotic ant genus Polyergus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Formicinae, Formicini)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="B0DBD8463A2F5565C0BAE6E477FC3D73" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1C1AB3FEBB4317752F3FF43480688135">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0D6D975D94A50D61EBC7E748BC05DD8A">Trager, James C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9391C3A57222420D79F11C283F5794E3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E29438ACF49BA39C9529E569D9BDA065">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A5AB39BFF66079F88D4811DFB6400143">
<mods:date id="13614FA3199A24727D53F499FEDC812B">2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="D64A30CE0A0048EEAA903A9219106D32" type="volume">
<mods:number id="DF7D173A97A77D488A0CAD9EE5652FE5">3722</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="C96BB7639799B6616BC3400AA8F56BE5" type="issue">
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<mods:classification id="9CD33D59D61F972501517880B277FC24">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="D9CB09917C499B7D4C25CF3F7E6FE193" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3722.4.5</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1ADFEF993D46D576843344E8452CDC8D" type="GBIF-Dataset">d2db5db0-c5ca-4150-8d74-d39f2d96a78f</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="72FFCAF3EB7A01E04B9354DD6EDFD832" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8DCB51CF2A2AFD1CE94016E084122B4B" type="Zenodo-Dep">249140</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C72C851F30A0F2C3FB4D15E44ABA2426" type="ZooBank">C1F59CA8-0F0E-471B-9B2D-26980A002511</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03DBDC46FFA3FF864BBEF9BEFD2E6E05" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6150075" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119580914" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6150075" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8BD4557A-7672-447B-82FF-3B0729B4395D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDC46FFA3FF864BBEF9BEFD2E6E05" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="529" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
<subSubSection id="C3683EDBFFA3FF864BBEF9BEFB666813" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="529" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFA3FF814BBEF9BEFE146FEC" blockId="27.[151,496,1663,1723]" box="[151,496,1663,1690]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
<heading id="D085DA3CFFA3FF814BBEF9BEFE146FEC" bold="true" box="[151,496,1663,1690]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA3FF814BBEF9BEFE146FEC" bold="true" box="[151,496,1663,1690]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA3FF814BBEF9BEFEBD6FEF" box="[151,345,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruber" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA3FF814BBEF9BEFEBD6FEF" bold="true" box="[151,345,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Polyergus ruber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2350C39FFA3FF814A48F941FE146FEC" box="[353,496,1664,1690]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFA3FF814BBEF963FE866FCD" blockId="27.[151,496,1663,1723]" box="[151,354,1698,1723]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
<figureCitation id="134971D5FFA3FF814BBEF963FE866FCD" box="[151,354,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 41" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1617,1640]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1595]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,193,1596]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 41. Lateral, full face, and dorsal views of Polyergus ruber worker CASENT 0281055. Photographs by Shannon Hartman from www. AntWeb. org." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249155/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Figures 39, 40, 41</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFA3FF814BBEF92AFC646E76" blockId="27.[151,896,1770,1792]" box="[151,896,1770,1792]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA3FF814BBEF92AFD526E76" authority="Vargo and Gibbs 1987" authorityName="Vargo and Gibbs" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,694,1770,1792]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lucidus" subSpecies="longicornis">
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA3FF814BBEF92AFE216E76" box="[151,453,1771,1792]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Polyergus lucidus longicornis</emphasis>
: Vargo and Gibbs 1987
</taxonomicName>
(misidentification).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFA3FF814BBEF8ECFBC96E1C" blockId="27.[151,1436,1837,1970]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFA3FF814BBEF8ECFF1B6E30" box="[151,255,1837,1862]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
worker:
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFA3FF814A4DF8EFFE7B6E30" box="[356,415,1838,1862]" name="United States of America" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFA3FF814A83F8EFFDCC6E30" box="[426,552,1838,1862]" name="Georgia" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">GEORGIA</collectingCountry>
Clark Co. Athens. 165 Doe Run. [CAS, CASENT0281055]
<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFA3FF814BEEF893FEDC6E1C" box="[199,312,1874,1898]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="9D74A6D9FFA3FF814A60F893FE5F6E1C" box="[329,443,1873,1898]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" type="worker">4 workers</specimenCount>
, 3 gynes,
<specimenCount id="9D74A6D9FFA3FF814902F893FD626E1C" box="[555,646,1873,1898]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
: Same data as
<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFA3FF814800F890FC6F6E1C" box="[809,907,1873,1898]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
[MCZ, CAS].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFA3FF814BEEF8B4FD456EC4" blockId="27.[151,1436,1837,1970]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFA3FF814BEEF8B4FECB6EF8" box="[199,303,1909,1934]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
measurements HL 1.90, HW 1.80, SL 1.79, ½ VeM 9, ½ PnM 3, WL 2.86, GL 2.60, HFL 2.44, CI 95, SI 99, HFI 136, FSI 136, LI 4.76, TL 7.36.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFA4FF864BEEFF59FA61698E" blockId="28.[151,1436,151,1907]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFA4FF864BEEFF59FECD69C6" box="[199,297,152,176]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
measurements (N=5) [MCZ, CAS, FSCA] HL 1.60–1.90 (1.75), HW 1.52–1.80 (1.64), SL 1.68–1.79 (1.71), ½ VeM 3–9 (6.8), ½ PnM 1–4 (2.2), WL 2.52–2.86 (2.66), GL 2.04–2.60 (2.34), HFL 2.09–2.44 (2.26), CI 93–95 (94), SI 99–113 (105), HFI 134–146 (138), FSI 124–136 (132), LI 4.12–4.76 (4.41), TL 6.16–7.36 (6.75).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFA4FF864BEEFEC4FB666813" blockId="28.[151,1436,151,1907]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Measurements (N=26) HL 1.52–1.90 (1.65), HW 1.42–1.80 (1.64), SL 1.68–1.79 (1.71), ½ VeM 3–9 (6.8), ½ PnM 1–4 (2.2), WL 2.52–2.86 (2.66), GL 2.04–2.60 (2.34), HFL 2.09–2.44 (2.26), CI 93–95 (94), SI 99–113 (105), HFI 124–136 (132), FSI 124–136 (132), LI 4.12–4.76 (4.41), TL 6.16–7.36 (6.75).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3683EDBFFA4FF864BEEFEAEFF3D6BDE" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFA4FF864BEEFEAEFC0E6B16" blockId="28.[151,1436,151,1907]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA4FF864BEEFEAEFE5F68FE" bold="true" box="[199,443,367,392]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Worker description.</emphasis>
This species is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA4FF864811FEAEFC5368FE" box="[824,951,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA4FF864811FEAEFC5368FE" box="[824,951,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">longicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but is shinier and has less pilosity. Head rectangular to weakly hexagonal, HL greater than HW; with conspicuous vertex pilosity consisting of (5) 8–20 erect macrosetae; scapes at least reaching, normally surpassing vertex corners, gradually thickening in distal half; pronotum with 0–6 dorsal erect setae; mesonotal profile weakly convex for most of its length; propodeal profile variable ranging from evenly rounded to a weakly obtuse, rounded angle; petiole narrow, sides convex and converging dorsad, petiolar dorsum rounded or with median portion flat, less often feebly concave; first tergite lacking pubescence; first tergite pilosity sparse, weakly flexuous or straight.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFA4FF864BEEFDADFF3D6BDE" blockId="28.[151,1436,151,1907]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Head matte to very faintly shining; mesosoma matte dorsally but shining laterally; gaster weakly shining to shiny.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3683EDBFFA4FF864BEEFD75FAAB6AF6" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFA4FF864BEEFD75FB196A63" blockId="28.[151,1436,151,1907]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA4FF864BEEFD75FEA86BBB" bold="true" box="[199,332,692,717]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Discussion.</emphasis>
This is among the three largest species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA4FF86485AFD75FC206BBB" box="[883,964,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucidus">
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA4FF86485AFD75FC206BBB" box="[883,964,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">lucidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, almost in the same size range as
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA4FF864BBEFD16FEF36B86" box="[151,279,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA4FF864BBEFD16FEF36B86" box="[151,279,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">longicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but characterized by a shinier head and mesosoma, especially the pronotum, and less abundant pilosity, especially on the vertex. Color is clear red with at most slight infuscation of the extremities.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFA4FF864BEEFCE0FAAB6AF6" blockId="28.[151,1436,151,1907]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA4FF864BEEFCE0FEFA6A4E" box="[199,286,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">P. r u b e r</emphasis>
appears intermediate between
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA4FF8649AAFCDEFCE76A4E" box="[643,771,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA4FF8649AAFCDEFCE76A4E" box="[643,771,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">longicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA4FF864815FCDEFC696A4E" box="[828,909,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucidus">
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA4FF864815FCDEFC696A4E" box="[828,909,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">lucidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its proportions, pilosity, and shininess. The sheen and lesser vertex pilosity distinguishes
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA4FF864999FC85FD0B6A2B" box="[688,751,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruber">
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA4FF864999FC85FD0B6A2B" box="[688,751,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">ruber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the more matte
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA4FF8648D1FC85FB9C6A2B" box="[1016,1144,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA4FF8648D1FC85FB9C6A2B" box="[1016,1144,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">longicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA4FF864FA4FC85FB2F6A2B" box="[1165,1227,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruber">
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA4FF864FA4FC85FB2F6A2B" box="[1165,1227,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">ruber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
½ VeM &lt;12 vs.
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA4FF864BBEFCA6FEF36AF6" box="[151,279,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA4FF864BBEFCA6FEF36AF6" box="[151,279,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">longicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&gt; 13) while the longer appendages distinguish it from
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA4FF864854FCA6FC2A6AF6" box="[893,974,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucidus">
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA4FF864854FCA6FC2A6AF6" box="[893,974,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">lucidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA4FF8648F7FCA6FBF86AF6" box="[990,1052,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruber">
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA4FF8648F7FCA6FBF86AF6" box="[990,1052,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">ruber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
SI&gt; 92+ vs.
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA4FF864F9DFCA6FAE16AF6" box="[1204,1285,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucidus">
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA4FF864F9DFCA6FAE16AF6" box="[1204,1285,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">lucidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&lt;91).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3683EDBFFA4FF864BEEFC4DFD1E6D43" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFA4FF864BEEFC4DFAA16AB1" blockId="28.[151,1436,151,1907]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA4FF864BEEFC4DFEAA6AD3" bold="true" box="[199,334,908,933]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Etymology.</emphasis>
With the name
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA4FF864AD7FC4DFD606AD3" authority="Latin" authorityName="Latin" box="[510,644,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruber">
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA4FF864AD7FC4DFDDF6AD3" box="[510,571,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">ruber</emphasis>
, Latin
</taxonomicName>
for red or ruddy, I refer to the brighter, all-red color of this ant species, in comparison to other southeastern species, especially the somewhat similar, but dark-legged
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA4FF864F97FC6EFADA6ABE" box="[1214,1342,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA4FF864F97FC6EFADA6ABE" box="[1214,1342,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">longicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFA4FF864BEEFC15FD1E6D43" blockId="28.[151,1436,151,1907]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA4FF864BEEFC15FE606A9B" bold="true" box="[199,388,980,1005]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Natural history.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA4FF864AB8FC15FDA26A9B" box="[401,582,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruber">
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA4FF864AB8FC15FDA26A9B" box="[401,582,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Polyergus ruber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tracks its host,
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA4FF8649DAFC14FC9B6A9B" box="[755,895,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA4FF8649DAFC14FC9B6A9B" box="[755,895,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">F. biophilica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in distribution, namely, a U-shaped range south from Maryland to
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFA4FF864A40FC36FE226D66" box="[361,454,1015,1040]" name="Georgia" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Georgia</collectingCountry>
, west to Louisiana, then north to eastern Missouri. It would be unsurprising if this ant showed up from collecting in at least southern Illinois.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3683EDBFFA4FF864BEEFBFEFBE66CB6" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFA4FF864BEEFBFEFBE66CB6" blockId="28.[151,1436,151,1907]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA4FF864BEEFBFEFE986D2E" box="[199,380,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruber">
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA4FF864BEEFBFEFE986D2E" box="[199,380,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Polyergus ruber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was studied by Vargo and Gibbs (1987, reported as
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA4FF8648EAFBFEFB7F6D2E" box="[963,1179,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="lucidus" variety="longicornis">
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA4FF8648EAFBFEFB7F6D2E" box="[963,1179,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">lucidus longicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in Athens, GA. Aside from its unique host association,
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA4FF864938FBA5FDAB6D0B" box="[529,591,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruber">
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA4FF864938FBA5FDAB6D0B" box="[529,591,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">ruber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems much like its relatives in the
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA4FF8648DBFBA5FBA76D0B" box="[1010,1091,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucidus">
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA4FF8648DBFBA5FBA76D0B" box="[1010,1091,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">lucidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group in most respects. Raids were observed from early June to mid-August, and may have continued after these observations ended, as the activity was still vigorous, so perhaps starting just a few weeks earlier and persisting perhaps a bit longer than in other species of the group. I observed parts of a raid, and a mating flight that occurred several hours before the raid, in
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFA4FF864B9DFB35FEF56C7B" box="[180,273,1268,1293]" name="Georgia" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Georgia</collectingCountry>
, and two raids of these ants in Missouri, all in July, and they are much like those of the other species. At both locations, pre-raiding milling was initiated around 1700 hr. The size of raiding parties in the
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFA4FF864FF7FAD6FADC6C46" box="[1246,1336,1303,1328]" name="Georgia" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Georgia</collectingCountry>
colonies was estimated between 500 and 1000, quite large compared to other known
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFA4FF864F2BFAFDFBB76C23" box="[1026,1107,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucidus">
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA4FF864F2BFAFDFBB76C23" box="[1026,1107,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">lucidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group species. Colonies and raiding parties were somewhat smaller in Missouri. Vargo and Gibbs observed dealate gynes near the outskirts of nests before raids in late July, and saw one of these follow a raid and enter the raided nest. Habitats of this species included a variety of upland, grassy and open woodland
<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFA4FF864839FA68FCAA6CB7" box="[784,846,1449,1473]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">types</typeStatus>
, with acid soils.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3683EDBFFA4FF864BEEFA0DFD2E6E05" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFA4FF864BEEFA0DFD2E6E05" blockId="28.[151,1436,151,1907]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="B906B142FFA4FF864BEEFA0DFD8C6C93" bold="true" box="[199,616,1484,1509]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Distribution of studied specimens.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFA4FF86495AFA0DFD156C92" box="[627,753,1484,1508]" name="Georgia" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">GEORGIA</collectingCountry>
Clarke Co. Athens. 165 Doe Run. Flight at noon. Raid at 1930hr.
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA4FF864BDCFA31FE6E6F7E" box="[245,394,1519,1544]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" value="1986-07-10">10 July 1986</date>
J. C. Trager (JCT)
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFA4FF8649A0FA31FCE36F7E" box="[649,775,1520,1544]" name="Georgia" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">GEORGIA</collectingCountry>
Clarke Co. Athens
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFA4FF8648C4FA31FBC16F7E" box="[1005,1061,1520,1544]" name="United States of America" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">USA</collectingCountry>
UGA Riverbend Lab.
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA4FF864E04FA31FF2B6F5B" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" value="1986-07-03" valueMax="1986-07-11" valueMin="1986-07-03">3–11 July 1986</date>
E. Vargo, JC Trager (JCTC); LOUISIANA St. Tammany Par. Lake Ramsey WMA SC3-3 Longleaf pine savanna. Pitfall trap. D Colby (multiple collections
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA4FF8649CCF9F6FC5A6F26" box="[741,958,1591,1616]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" value="1997-07" valueMax="1997-10-31" valueMin="1997-07-00">July–October 1997</date>
, LSU); MARYLAND Prince Georges Co. Berwyn [Heights]
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA4FF864A47F99DFE076F03" box="[366,483,1628,1653]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" value="1940-06-25">6-25-1940</date>
AB Gahas. W S Ross Coll. (FMNH); MISSISSIPPI Chickasaw Co. Tombigbee Nat’l Forest
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFA4FF864A01F942FE4F6FED" box="[296,427,1663,1691]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" precision="15" value="33.9275">33o55’39”N</geoCoordinate>
/
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFA4FF864A9DF943FDA26FED" box="[436,582,1663,1691]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" precision="15" value="-88.84917">88 o50’57”W</geoCoordinate>
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA4FF864967F942FCE96FED" box="[590,781,1667,1691]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" value="2003-06-20" valueMax="2003-06-27" valueMin="2003-06-20">20-27-June 2003</date>
J. G. Hill (MEM); MISSOURI Lincoln Co. Cuivre River St. Pk. Sac Prairie
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA4FF864A53F966FDF16FC9" box="[378,533,1703,1727]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" value="1989-04-20">20 Apr. 1989</date>
J.C. Trager (JCTC); NORTH CAROLINA Canover
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA4FF864FB2F966FAEC6FC9" box="[1179,1288,1703,1727]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" value="1932-08-01">1-VIII-32</date>
Vanderford (NCSU); NORTH CAROLINA Burke Co. Morganton On ground
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA4FF864895F90AFBDB6F95" box="[956,1087,1739,1763]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" value="1989-06-10">10-VI-1989</date>
H. Barron (NCSU); NORTH CAROLINA Raleigh Raiding Nest
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA4FF86491BF92EFD566E71" box="[562,690,1775,1799]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" value="1987-07-07">7-VII-1987</date>
DL Stephan (NCSU); NORTH CAROLINA Granville Co. Oxford
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA4FF864BBEF8D2FEF36E5D" box="[151,279,1811,1835]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" value="1977-07-01">1-VII-1977</date>
F. Sutherland (NCSU); NORTH CAROLINA Durham Co. Durham K. Hedlund (no date) (NCSU); NORTH CAROLINA
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFA4FF864ABFF8F7FE316E39" box="[406,469,1846,1871]" name="Wake Island" pageId="28" pageNumber="529">Wake</collectingCountry>
Co. Cary
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA4FF864962F8F9FD0E6E39" box="[587,746,1847,1871]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" value="1984-06-10">June 10, 1984</date>
DL Stephan (NCSU); NORTH CAROLINA Gaston Co. NE Cherryville
<date id="FFCC4B90FFA4FF864A63F89AFE396E05" box="[330,477,1882,1907]" pageId="28" pageNumber="529" value="1983-09-06">Sept. 6, 1983</date>
PJ Devine (NCSU).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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