1526 lines
252 KiB
XML
1526 lines
252 KiB
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<document id="97EC3C5143FA7178403617E2ABBBCCD6" ID-CLB-Dataset="302190" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.646.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="73100cb4-1bb2-4c23-9ad4-76371f38e32d" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13215323" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1722605116846" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Silva, Marcos José Da, Sodré, Rodolfo Carneiro, Alonso, Alexandre Antonio & Santos, Igor Soares Dos" docDate="2024" docId="03C587B7030BFF95FF5453ADFC19FCDE" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.646.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 646 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.2.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Croton piriquetifolius M. J. Silva & Sodre, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="152" masterDocId="FFFCFFCF030AFF9CFFDC5571FFC0FF9E" masterDocTitle="A new species of Croton sect. Geiseleria (Euphorbiaceae) from Brazil, supported by macro- and micromorphological data" masterLastPageNumber="156" masterPageNumber="143" pageNumber="144" updateTime="1725397872369" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4359595C038EE525ACF04E1D39817550">
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<mods:title id="750F6E125232E39AF50242D1597B4444">A new species of Croton sect. Geiseleria (Euphorbiaceae) from Brazil, supported by macro- and micromorphological data</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D2CED725F4AC6CA677698DD1D791B132">Silva, Marcos José Da</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5A9A939D6AEF204593BD0FDB7496FA89">Laboratório de Morfologia e Taxonomia Vegetal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Goiás, CP 131, 74001 - 970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B3B3EB97C7E194ADCCED1DFE8084A2F8" type="email">marcos_agrorural@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="694502AAE2AB20BD148BB0940221AFEB">Sodré, Rodolfo Carneiro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C2AA4F3FDE23AFD84BF5DCC2A85BE95D">Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “ Júlio de Mesquita Filho ”, CP 510, 18618 - 970, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CD6B6E76D2FE84CE606E2371630C3A05" type="email">rodolfo.sodre@unesp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="4596D82F203500DBB385CBDB07F9DF00">Alonso, Alexandre Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="87D78861FA685C1BBE42E04F92F5C66D">Laboratório de Morfologia e Taxonomia Vegetal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Goiás, CP 131, 74001 - 970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D7C5BAFE55E5BEBA38751F46C1A6261F" type="email">alonsoalx@yahoo.com.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="6E89F46D273048473935976E888C11B4">Santos, Igor Soares Dos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="638928E84A47C87FE8ECF77ADBFE34AA">Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “ Júlio de Mesquita Filho ”, CP 510, 18618 - 970, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9FD7690F0977A4C448A62F0A2056415B" type="email">is.santos@unesp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="2928876C7C2B70AC9FE299EBF505157B">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="02FAD607D5D81E185B0F2B05FB8441BA">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6382EF3299ACA5130A78F931B680A3E2">2024-05-02</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5C8AE005281ED1768B9A33E9473FC2F6">646</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="00466F49AA188D2DE171814F4981CBC6" type="Zenodo-Dep">13215323</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C587B7030BFF95FF5453ADFC19FCDE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214030" ID-GBIF-Taxon="240244237" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13214030" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C587B7030BFF95FF5453ADFC19FCDE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587B7030BFF95FF5453ADFC19FCDE" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
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<subSubSection id="C376652A030BFF9DFF5453ADFCD8F968" box="[136,792,1756,1783]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD336A1030BFF9DFF5453ADFCD8F968" blockId="1.[136,792,1756,1783]" box="[136,792,1756,1783]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
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<heading id="D09B81CD030BFF9DFF5453ADFCD8F968" box="[136,792,1756,1783]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030BFF9DFF5453ADFDA1F968" authority="M.J. Silva & Sodre" authorityName="M. J. Silva & Sodre" box="[136,609,1756,1783]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B918EAB3030BFF9DFF5453ADFE43F969" bold="true" box="[136,387,1756,1783]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Croton piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
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|
M.J. Silva & Sodré
|
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|
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</taxonomicName>
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|||
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<emphasis id="B918EAB3030BFF9DFDB553ACFD7EF968" box="[617,702,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22B57C8030BFF9DFDB553ACFD7EF968" box="[617,702,1757,1782]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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|
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(
|
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<figureCitation id="13572A24030BFF9DFD1053ADFCCDF968" box="[716,781,1756,1782]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1638,1660]" captionTargetBox="[307,1259,241,1578]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[267,1320,187,1613]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Croton piriquetifolius. a. Fertile branch; b. Stipule; c. Leaf; d. Basal portion of the leaf showing the acropetiolar nectary glands; e. Margin of the leaf, note the nectary glands; f. Inflorescence; g. Staminate flower; h. Stamen; i. Staminate bracts; j. Staminate petal, ventral view; k. Staminate petal, dorsal view; l. Pistillate bract; m. Pistillate flower; n. Pistillate flowers with ovary removed, note the glands in the position of petals; o. Gynoecium; p. Capsule; q. Seed in frontal view; r. Seed in dorsal view. Details from the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215325/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C376652A030BFF9DFF545275FAFDF8A0" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD336A1030BFF9DFF545275FAFDF8A0" blockId="1.[136,1453,1796,1854]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
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<materialsCitation id="3B043CFC030BFF9DFF545275FCCDF8A0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4928463302" collectingDate="1997-07-14" collectionCode="ALCB" collectorName="H. P. Bautista & N. Hind & S. Smith" country="Brazil" elevation="960" latitude="-12.898055" location="Igatu-Mucuge" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-42.144726" municipality="Mucuge" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" specimenCode="ALCB-051588" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="holotype">
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TYPE:—
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<collectingCountry id="F37B7631030BFF9DFF3F5275FEFDF887" box="[227,317,1796,1817]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="49A8F843030BFF9DFE9B5275FE43F884" box="[327,387,1796,1818]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Bahia</collectingRegion>
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:
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BB7ACDB030BFF9DFE525275FE1FF887" box="[398,479,1796,1817]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Mucugê</collectingMunicipality>
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, estrada
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<location id="8EB3607A030BFF9DFDEB5275FD01F887" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C587B7030BFF95FF5453ADFC19FCDE:8EB3607A030BFF9DFDEB5275FD01F887" box="[567,705,1796,1817]" country="Brazil" latitude="-12.898055" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-42.144726" municipality="Mucuge" name="Igatu-Mucuge" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" stateProvince="Bahia">Igatu-Mucugê</location>
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, a
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<quantity id="4C949B44030BFF9DFD3C5275FCD3F884" box="[736,787,1796,1818]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" unit="km" value="3.0">
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<locationDeviation id="9A612F83030BFF9DFD3C5275FCD3F884" box="[736,787,1796,1818]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</locationDeviation>
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</quantity>
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de
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<location id="8EB3607A030BFF9DFCE55275FCADF887" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C587B7030BFF95FF5453ADFC19FCDE:8EB3607A030BFF9DFCE55275FCADF887" box="[825,877,1796,1817]" country="Brazil" latitude="-12.898055" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-42.144726" municipality="Mucuge" name="Igatu" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" stateProvince="Bahia">Igatu</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE585066030BFF9DFCA55275FC2AF884" box="[889,1002,1796,1818]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" precision="15" seconds="53" value="-12.898055">12º53’53”S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE585066030BFF9DFC2A5275FBAFF887" box="[1014,1135,1796,1817]" degrees="42" direction="west" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" precision="15" seconds="41" value="-42.144726">42º08’41”W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4C949B44030BFF9DFBA75275FB7CF887" box="[1147,1212,1796,1818]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" unit="m" value="960.0">
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<elevation id="0041D192030BFF9DFBA75275FB7CF887" box="[1147,1212,1796,1818]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" unit="m" value="960.0">960 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFD21061030BFF9DFB1B5275FA88F887" box="[1223,1352,1796,1818]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" value="1997-07-14">
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<collectingDate id="EF96E989030BFF9DFB1B5275FA88F887" box="[1223,1352,1796,1818]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" value="1997-07-14">14 July 1997</collectingDate>
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</date>
|
|||
|
|
(fl.),
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030BFF9DFA5E5275FDC7F8A3" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
|
|||
|
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<collectorName id="26995377030BFF9DFA5E5275FECFF8A3" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">H.P. Bautista</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
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<collectorName id="26995377030BFF9DFEC55259FEA5F8A3" box="[281,357,1832,1853]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">N. Hind</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
&
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName id="26995377030BFF9DFE585259FE13F8A3" box="[388,467,1832,1853]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">S. Smith</collectorName>
|
|||
|
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3611
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54D78803030BFF9DFDCF5259FDA9F8A0" box="[531,617,1832,1854]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCode id="DBCA9EDA030BFF9DFDB25259FCC5F8A0" box="[622,773,1832,1854]" collectionCode="ALCB-" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15066" name="Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitário de Ondina" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" type="Herbarium">ALCB-051588</specimenCode>
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|||
|
|
!;
|
|||
|
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="3B043CFC030BFF9DFCCE5259FAF9F8A0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4928463304" box="[786,1337,1832,1854]" collectingDate="1997-07-14" collectionCode="CEPEC, SPF, HUEFS" collectorName="H. P. Bautista & N. Hind & S. Smith" country="Brazil" elevation="960" latitude="-12.898055" location="Igatu-Mucuge" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-42.144726" municipality="Mucuge" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" specimenCode="CEPEC-77382, SPF-123797, HUEFS-26109" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="isotype">
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<typeStatus id="54D78803030BFF9DFCCE5259FCA1F8A0" box="[786,865,1832,1854]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" type="isotype">isotypes</typeStatus>
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|
|
<specimenCode id="DBCA9EDA030BFF9DFCBB5259FC3DF8A3" box="[871,1021,1832,1853]" collectionCode="CEPEC-" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15526" name="CEPEC, CEPLAC" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" type="Herbarium">CEPEC-77382</specimenCode>
|
|||
|
|
!,
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCode id="DBCA9EDA030BFF9DFBD65259FB49F8A3" box="[1034,1161,1832,1853]" collectionCode="SPF-" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15730" name="Universidade de São Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" type="Herbarium">SPF-123797</specimenCode>
|
|||
|
|
!,
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCode id="DBCA9EDA030BFF9DFB4A5259FAEFF8A0" box="[1174,1327,1832,1854]" collectionCode="HUEFS-" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">HUEFS-26109</specimenCode>
|
|||
|
|
!)
|
|||
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C376652A030BFF9DFF54521DFB9EF788" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" type="diagnosis">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD336A1030BFF9DFF54521DFB9EF788" blockId="1.[136,1452,1900,2071]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030BFF9DFF54521DFF3BF818" bold="true" box="[136,251,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
:—
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030BFF9DFEC3521DFDD5F818" box="[287,533,1900,1926]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030BFF9DFEC3521DFDD5F818" box="[287,533,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Croton piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is most similar to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030BFF9DFD33521DFC59F818" authorityName="Linnaeus (1759:" authorityYear="1275" box="[751,921,1900,1926]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030BFF9DFD33521DFC59F818" box="[751,921,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">C. glandulosus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, but differs in having leaves with acropetiolar patelliform sessile nectaries on the adaxial surface (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030BFF9DFD1952E0FD24F834" box="[709,740,1937,1962]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">vs.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
basilaminar, cupuliform or stipitate-patelliform nectaries on the abaxial surface in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030BFF9DFE8552C5FDC2F850" authorityName="Linnaeus (1759:" authorityYear="1275" box="[345,514,1972,1998]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030BFF9DFE8552C5FDC2F850" box="[345,514,1972,1998]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">C. glandulosus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
), pistillate flowers with pedicel
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B44030BFF9DFCA852C5FC3DF851" box="[884,1021,1972,1999]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" unit="mm" value="2.1" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.4 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
long and sepals 3–4.5 ×
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B44030BFF9DFAC052C5FA67F851" box="[1308,1447,1972,1999]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="1.3">1.3–2.7 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, hairy on both surfaces (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030BFF9DFE4852A8FE72F86C" box="[404,434,2009,2034]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">vs.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
pedicel
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B44030BFF9DFDCF52A9FD5BF86D" box="[531,667,2008,2035]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" unit="mm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.5 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
and sepals 1−2.5 ×
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B44030BFF9DFCA352A9FBCBF86D" box="[895,1035,2008,2035]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.3">0.3−1.1 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, hairy ventrally), capsules uniformly brownish (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030BFF9DFEDD528CFEDFF788" box="[257,287,2045,2070]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">vs.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
green capsules with whitish color on the sutures of the septa and locules).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="DF1366290308FF9EFF545317FA69F976" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215325" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13215325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215325/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" startId="2.[136,234,1638,1660]" targetBox="[307,1259,241,1578]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD336A10308FF9EFF545317FA69F976" blockId="2.[136,1452,1638,1768]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30308FF9EFF545317FF3EF9E5" bold="true" box="[136,254,1638,1660]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D220308FF9EFED05317FE1EF9E5" box="[268,478,1638,1659]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30308FF9EFED05317FE1EF9E5" box="[268,478,1638,1659]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Croton piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30308FF9EFE305317FE38F9E5" bold="true" box="[492,504,1638,1659]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">a</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Fertile branch;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30308FF9EFD405317FD69F9E5" bold="true" box="[668,681,1638,1659]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">b</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Stipule;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30308FF9EFCD55317FCD4F9E5" bold="true" box="[777,788,1638,1659]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">c</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Leaf;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30308FF9EFC875317FCA8F9E5" bold="true" box="[859,872,1638,1659]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">d</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Basal portion of the leaf showing the acropetiolar nectary glands;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30308FF9EFF0853FBFF1FF901" bold="true" box="[212,223,1674,1695]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">e</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Margin of the leaf, note the nectary glands;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30308FF9EFD4A53FBFD5EF93E" bold="true" box="[662,670,1674,1696]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">f</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Inflorescence;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30308FF9EFCE653FBFC86F901" bold="true" box="[826,838,1674,1695]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">g</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Staminate flower;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30308FF9EFBDA53FBFBD3F901" bold="true" box="[1030,1043,1674,1695]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">h</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Stamen;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30308FF9EFBA953FBFBBCF93E" bold="true" box="[1141,1148,1674,1696]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">i</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Staminate bracts;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30308FF9EFAEB53FBFAFFF93E" bold="true" box="[1335,1343,1674,1696]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">j</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Staminate petal, ventral view;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30308FF9EFE9453DFFE95F95D" bold="true" box="[328,341,1710,1731]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">k</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Staminate petal, dorsal view;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30308FF9EFD5C53DFFD47F95D" bold="true" box="[640,647,1710,1731]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">l</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Pistillate bract;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30308FF9EFCF653DFFCFEF95D" bold="true" box="[810,830,1710,1731]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">m</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Pistillate flower;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30308FF9EFC2D53DFFC3EF95D" bold="true" box="[1009,1022,1710,1731]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">n</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Pistillate flowers with ovary removed, note the glands in the position of petals;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30308FF9EFE0253A3FE2AF979" bold="true" box="[478,490,1746,1767]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">o</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Gynoecium;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30308FF9EFDAF53A3FD40F979" bold="true" box="[627,640,1746,1767]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">p</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Capsule;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30308FF9EFD3A53A3FD33F979" bold="true" box="[742,755,1746,1767]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">q</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Seed in frontal view;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30308FF9EFC1253A3FC19F979" bold="true" box="[974,985,1746,1767]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">r</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Seed in dorsal view. Details from the holotype.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C376652A0308FF9FFF615267FED1FCFA" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="description">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD336A10308FF9FFF615267FED1FCFA" blockId="2.[136,1452,1814,2093]" lastBlockId="3.[136,1452,158,941]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30308FF9EFF615267FE83F8AE" bold="true" box="[189,323,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Description</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
:—Subshrub or shrub
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B440308FF9EFD955267FD69F8AF" box="[585,681,1814,1841]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" unit="m" value="0.85" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
tall, erect, monoecious, densely branched distally, adult branches brownish and green-brownish when young, both with stellate and stellate-porrect trichomes, the first ones sessile, with 9–11 rays; the second ones with 2 or 3 rays, with stipe measuring
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B440308FF9EFC7F522FFBEAF8E7" box="[931,1066,1886,1913]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.3 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
long, and rays up to
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B440308FF9EFAC9522FFAABF8E7" box="[1301,1387,1886,1913]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
long; latex scarce, hyaline. Leaves spirally alternate along the stems; petioles
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B440308FF9EFC0F52F3FBFEF803" box="[979,1086,1922,1949]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" unit="cm" value="1.95" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="0.9">0.9–3 cm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
long with 2 patelliform sessile nectaries
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B440308FF9EFF2D52D7FEB7F85F" box="[241,375,1958,1985]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.7">0.7–0.8 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
diam. at the apex on the adaxial surface; blades 4.8–5.5 ×
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B440308FF9EFC2A52D7FBB5F85F" box="[1014,1141,1958,1985]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" unit="cm" value="2.1" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="1.6">1.6–2.6 cm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, ovate, oval-oblong or ovallanceolate, base obtuse or truncate, apex obtuse and shortly mucronulate, margin serrate, with cupuliform nectaries in the sinuses, membranaceous, discolorous, adaxial surface light green and abaxial surface green-ferrugineous, the first ones with simple and stellate-porrect trichomes with 7–10 rays, the second ones multiradiate in 2 or 3 whorls, with stipe measuring
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B440309FF9FFEA755EFFDC3FF27" box="[379,515,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.3 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
long, and rays up to
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B440309FF9FFD2955EFFC8CFF27" box="[757,844,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
long, both, tomentose to the touch; brochidodromous venation, with 6–8 pairs of secondary veins, primary and secondary veins visible, both impressed on both surface; stipules 2.1–2.2 ×
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B440309FF9FFE835597FE2BFE9F" box="[351,491,230,257]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.4 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, lanceolate with 4 or 5 pyriform and sessile glands at the base, glabrous internally and with stellate trichomes externally. Inflorescences bisexual with
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B440309FF9FFC50547BFBCBFEBB" box="[908,1035,266,293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="cm" value="1.85" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="1.3">1.3–2.4 cm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
long, terminal, with 2 or 3 pistillate flowers at the base axis and 15 or 16 staminate flowers continuous along the inflorescence axis; staminate bracts 2–2.1 ×
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B440309FF9FFF7E5423FEFDFEF3" box="[162,317,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="0.395" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.39">0.39–0.4 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, lanceolate, with 4 pyriform glands at base, glabrous internally and externally stellate, persistent; pistillate bracts 2.7–2.8 ×
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B440309FF9FFE6D5407FD8AFE0F" box="[433,586,374,401]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="0.495" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.49">0.49–0.5 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, narrowly elliptic, similar to the staminates ones. Staminate flowers
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B440309FF9FFA8B5407FF74FE2B" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" metricValueMax="5.9" metricValueMin="5.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="5.8" valueMax="5.9" valueMin="5.7">5.7–5.9 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
long, yellowish, actinomorphic; pedicels
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B440309FF9FFD4854EBFCDDFE2B" box="[660,797,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5999999999999996" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="2.5999999999999996" valueMax="2.9" valueMin="2.3">2.3–2.9 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
long; calyx 5-lobed, lobes 1.7–1.8 ×
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B440309FF9FFB1354EBFA9AFE2B" box="[1231,1370,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.4 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, equal, oval-triangular, with acute apex, slightly united at the base, ventrally glabrous, dorsally stellate; petals 2.1–2.2 ×
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B440309FF9FFAB054CFFF76FE63" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="0.95" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, elliptic, with obtuse apex, villous internally until upper third and with sparse stellate trichomes externally, ciliate on the margins, the longest cilia at the base; stamens 11,
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B440309FF9FFCD15777FC54FDBF" box="[781,916,518,545]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="3.15" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="3.1">3.1–3.2 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
long, with filaments pubescent at base, anthers
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B440309FF9FFF54575BFED1FDDB" box="[136,273,554,581]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.6 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
long, oblong, glabrous; disk with 5 segments widely depressed obovoid, yellowish with margin lightly crenulate; receptacle villous. Pistillate flowers
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B440309FF9FFD44573FFCE0FDF7" box="[664,800,590,617]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.65" metricValueMax="7.7" metricValueMin="7.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="7.65" valueMax="7.7" valueMin="7.6">7.6–7.7 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
long; pedicels
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B440309FF9FFC10573FFB93FDF7" box="[972,1107,590,617]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="2.1" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.4 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
long; sepals 5, unequal, 3–4.5 ×
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B440309FF9FFF7D5703FEEDFD13" box="[161,301,626,653]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="1.3">1.3–2.7 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, oblong-obovate, with obtuse or acute apex, margin entire, plane, eglandular with stellate trichomes externally, sparsely pubescent internally, free, prefloration valvate; petals 5, glanduliform; ovary 1.9–2 ×
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B440309FF9FFAEE57E7FA67FD2F" box="[1330,1447,662,689]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="1.95" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.9">1.9–2 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, widely ovoid, yellowish-ferrugineous with tomentose indument of stellate trichomes; styles 3, deeply bifid,
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B440309FF9FFAF957CBFA6CFD4B" box="[1317,1452,698,725]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="2.45" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.4">2.4−2.5 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
long, covered with stellate trichomes; disk united at base with 5 rectangular segments, receptacle glabrous. Capsules 5–5.2 ×
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B440309FF9FFF3E5673FE95FC83" box="[226,341,770,797]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="3.95" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.9">3.9–4 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, globose, ferruginous, the trichomes stellate, sepals accrescent, pedicels 3–
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B440309FF9FFB4C5673FB26FC83" box="[1168,1254,770,797]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
long; seeds 3–3.2 ×
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B440309FF9FFF425657FEF4FCDF" box="[158,308,806,833]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.625" metricValueMax="1.65" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="1.625" valueMax="1.65" valueMin="1.6">1.6–1.65 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, oblongoid, grayish, with discretely dark spots; caruncle hat-shaped, sessile, yellow-whitish, visible on ventral side.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C376652A0309FF9FFF61561FFC11FC33" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" type="distribution">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD336A10309FF9FFF61561FFC11FC33" blockId="3.[136,1452,158,941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30309FF9FFF61561FFE14FC17" bold="true" box="[189,468,878,905]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
:—The species occurs in the municipalities of Andaraí and Mucugê, state of
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49A8F8430309FF9FFAF1561FFAAEFC16" box="[1325,1390,878,904]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A240309FF9FFAA2561FFF58FC32" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,234,1315,1337]" captionTargetBox="[594,990,972,1281]" captionTargetId="figure-370@3.[584,1003,965,1291]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distribution of Croton piriquetifolius. Map of South America highlighting Brazil with the species occurrences (stars) and vegetation. Abbreviations for states: AL = Alagoas; BA = Bahia; GO = Goiás; MG = Minas Gerais; PE = Pernambuco; PI = Piauí; SE = Sergipe; TO = Tocantins." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215327/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), where it grows in rock fields at elevations between 800 and 960 meters.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="DF1366290309FF9FFF545052FEBAFA1C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215327" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13215327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215327/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" startId="3.[136,234,1315,1337]" targetBox="[594,990,972,1281]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD336A10309FF9FFF545052FEBAFA1C" blockId="3.[136,1452,1315,1410]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30309FF9FFF545052FEC4FAA6" bold="true" box="[136,260,1315,1337]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Distribution of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D220309FF9FFE7E5055FDB5FAA7" box="[418,629,1316,1337]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30309FF9FFE7E5055FDB5FAA7" box="[418,629,1316,1337]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Croton piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Map of South America highlighting Brazil with the species occurrences (stars) and vegetation. Abbreviations for states: AL = Alagoas; BA = Bahia; GO = Goiás; MG = Minas Gerais; PE = Pernambuco; PI = Piauí; SE = Sergipe; TO = Tocantins.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C376652A0309FF9FFF6150DEFC97FA70" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" type="etymology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD336A10309FF9FFF6150DEFC97FA70" blockId="3.[136,1452,1455,2058]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30309FF9FFF6150DEFEF8FA54" bold="true" box="[189,312,1455,1482]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Etymology</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
:—The specific epithet
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D220309FF9FFD9C50C1FD2BFA54" box="[576,747,1456,1482]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius">
|
|||
|
|
“
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30309FF9FFD9050C1FD2BFA54" box="[588,747,1456,1482]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
” alludes to the resemblance of the leaves of the new species to those of the genus
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D220309FF9FFE8650A4FD64FA70" authority="Aublet (1775: 298)" authorityName="Aublet" authorityPageNumber="298" authorityYear="1775" box="[346,676,1492,1519]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Turneraceae" genus="Piriqueta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30309FF9FFE8650A4FE04FA70" box="[346,452,1493,1518]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Piriqueta</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500309FF9FFE1750A5FD64FA70" author="Aublet" box="[459,676,1492,1519]" firstAuthor="Aublet" page="298" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" refId="ref6749" refString="Aublet, J. B. C. F. (1775) Histoire des plantes de la Guiane Francoise 1. Pierre-Francois Didot, London & Paris, 621 pp." type="book" year="1775">Aublet (1775: 298)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D220309FF9FFD7350A5FC93FA70" box="[687,851,1492,1518]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Passifloraceae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C376652A0309FF9FFF615086FC20F98C" box="[189,992,1527,1554]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" type="biology_ecology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD336A10309FF9FFF615086FC20F98C" blockId="3.[136,1452,1455,2058]" box="[189,992,1527,1554]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30309FF9FFF615086FEF8F98C" bold="true" box="[189,312,1527,1554]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Phenology</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
:—Collected with flowers and fruits from November to July.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C376652A0309FF9FFF61536AFEDFF958" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" type="conservation">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD336A10309FF9FFF61536AFEDFF958" blockId="3.[136,1452,1455,2058]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30309FF9FFF61536AFDEAF9A8" bold="true" box="[189,554,1563,1590]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Preliminary conservation status</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
:—Species with Extension Occurrence of
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B440309FF9FFC26536DFB54F9A8" box="[1018,1172,1564,1591]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1965619999999997" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="km" value="1196.562">1,196.562 km</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
<superScript id="7C199BE90309FF9FFB48536DFB5CF9B4" attach="left" box="[1172,1180,1564,1578]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">2</superScript>
|
|||
|
|
and therefore, classified as Endagered, EN (B1ab). However, we chose to consider it as a Data Deficient Category (DD), since it is known from three collections from the same location. On the other hand, the region where it grows comprises heavily rugged terrain, inappropriate for cultivation and civil construction, and includes areas protected by law, which ensures its conservation.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C376652A0309FF9FFF6153BEFB50F8C8" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" type="materials_examined">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD336A10309FF9FFF6153BEFB50F8C8" blockId="3.[136,1452,1455,2058]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
|
|||
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B043CFC0309FF9FFF6153BEFD9BF8AC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4928463301" collectingDate="2007-03-13" collectionCode="UFG" collectorName="de Igatu & M. J. Silva & A. Fortuna-Perez & Fidanza K." country="Brazil" county="Andarai" elevation="500" location="Igatu-Mucuge" municipality="District of Igatu" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Bahia">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30309FF9FFF6153BEFD6DF974" box="[189,685,1743,1770]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30309FF9FFF6153BEFDE7F974" bold="true" box="[189,551,1743,1770]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54D788030309FF9FFF6153BEFDE7F974" box="[189,551,1743,1770]" isOtherTypeStatus="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Additional specimens examined</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30309FF9FFDEA53A1FD64F974" bold="true" box="[566,676,1744,1770]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54D788030309FF9FFDEA53A1FD64F974" box="[566,676,1744,1770]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30309FF9FFD6953A0FD0EF974" box="[693,718,1745,1770]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">—</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F37B76310309FF9FFD1253A1FCF7F974" box="[718,823,1744,1770]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49A8F8430309FF9FFC9C53A1FC46F974" box="[832,902,1744,1770]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCounty id="62B24E2D0309FF9FFC5053A1FC29F974" box="[908,1001,1744,1770]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Andaraí</collectingCounty>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB7ACDB0309FF9FFC2F53A1FB65F974" box="[1011,1189,1744,1770]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">District of Igatu</collectingMunicipality>
|
|||
|
|
, estrada histórica
|
|||
|
|
<location id="8EB3607A0309FF9FFAB453A1FF27F890" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C587B7030BFF95FF5453ADFC19FCDE:8EB3607A0309FF9FFAB453A1FF27F890" country="Brazil" county="Andarai" latitude="-12.841944" municipality="District of Igatu" name="Igatu-Mucuge" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" stateProvince="Bahia">Igatu-Mucugê</location>
|
|||
|
|
, a
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B440309FF9FFEDB5385FE8FF890" box="[263,335,1780,1807]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="m" value="500.0">
|
|||
|
|
<elevation id="0041D1920309FF9FFEDB5385FE8FF890" box="[263,335,1780,1807]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</elevation>
|
|||
|
|
</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName id="269953770309FF9FFE8B5385FE75F890" box="[343,437,1780,1806]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">de Igatu</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
, 12º50’31”S, 41º30’82”W,
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B440309FF9FFD375385FCF5F890" box="[747,821,1780,1806]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="m" value="800.0">
|
|||
|
|
<elevation id="0041D1920309FF9FFD375385FCF5F890" box="[747,821,1780,1806]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</elevation>
|
|||
|
|
</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, campo rupestre,
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFD210610309FF9FFC225385FB6BF890" box="[1022,1195,1780,1806]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" value="2007-03-13">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingDate id="EF96E9890309FF9FFC225385FB6BF890" box="[1022,1195,1780,1806]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" value="2007-03-13">13 March 2007</collectingDate>
|
|||
|
|
</date>
|
|||
|
|
(fl., fr.),
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30309FF9FFACF5384FDC4F8AC" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName id="269953770309FF9FFACF5384FA48F890" box="[1299,1416,1780,1806]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">M.J. Silva</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName id="269953770309FF9FFA4F5385FEECF8AC" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">A. Fortuna-Perez</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
&
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName id="269953770309FF9FFE8F5269FE12F8AC" box="[339,466,1816,1842]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Fidanza K.</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
978
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE640309FF9FFDC95269FD93F8AC" box="[533,595,1816,1842]" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B043CFC0309FF9FFDB45269FB4DF8C8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4928463303" collectingDate="2016-11-25" collectionCode="HUEFS" collectorName="D. S. Carneiro-Torres & E. K. Brandao & R. B. M. Castro" country="Brazil" county="Andarai" elevation="861" latitude="-12.9" location="Mucuge" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-41.309166" municipality="Chao" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia">
|
|||
|
|
ibid., estrada
|
|||
|
|
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB7ACDB0309FF9FFCDE5269FCFDF8AC" box="[770,829,1816,1842]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Chão</collectingMunicipality>
|
|||
|
|
sentido
|
|||
|
|
<location id="8EB3607A0309FF9FFC7C5269FC3FF8AC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C587B7030BFF95FF5453ADFC19FCDE:8EB3607A0309FF9FFC7C5269FC3FF8AC" box="[928,1023,1816,1842]" country="Brazil" latitude="-12.9" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-41.309166" municipality="Chao" name="Mucuge" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Mucugê</location>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="EE5850660309FF9FFBD75269FB50F8AD" box="[1035,1168,1816,1843]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-12.9">12º54’00”S</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="EE5850660309FF9FFB415269FAE9F8AC" box="[1181,1321,1816,1842]" degrees="41" direction="west" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" precision="15" seconds="33" value="-41.309166">41º18’33”W</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B440309FF9FFAEB5269FA42F8AC" box="[1335,1410,1816,1842]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.61" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="m" value="861.0">
|
|||
|
|
<elevation id="0041D1920309FF9FFAEB5269FA42F8AC" box="[1335,1410,1816,1842]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.61" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="m" value="861.0">861 m</elevation>
|
|||
|
|
</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFD210610309FF9FFA535269FEFDF8C8" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" value="2016-11-25">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingDate id="EF96E9890309FF9FFA535269FEFDF8C8" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" value="2016-11-25">25 November 2016</collectingDate>
|
|||
|
|
</date>
|
|||
|
|
(fl.),
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30309FF9FFEA1524DFBD7F8C8" box="[381,1047,1852,1878]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName id="269953770309FF9FFEA1524DFDADF8C8" box="[381,621,1852,1878]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">D.S. Carneiro-Torres</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName id="269953770309FF9FFDA4524CFCD3F8C8" box="[632,787,1852,1878]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">E.K. Brandão</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
&
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName id="269953770309FF9FFCEB524CFC17F8C8" box="[823,983,1852,1878]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">R.B.M. Castro</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
1496
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE640309FF9FFBF9524DFB44F8C8" box="[1061,1156,1852,1878]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15506" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15506" name="Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" type="Herbarium">HUEFS</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C376652A0309FF98FF615211FA82FCFA" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" type="discussion">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD336A10309FF9FFF615211FCA0F878" blockId="3.[136,1452,1455,2058]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30309FF9FFF615211FCDEF8E4" bold="true" box="[189,798,1887,1914]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30309FF9FFF615211FCD4F8E4" bold="true" box="[189,788,1887,1914]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Systematic position and morphological relationships</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
—
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D220309FF9FFCE65211FBEDF8E4" box="[826,1069,1888,1914]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30309FF9FFCE65211FBEDF8E4" box="[826,1069,1888,1914]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Croton piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
beside the other characters typical of the section
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D220309FF9FFEF452F5FE5DF800" box="[296,413,1924,1950]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" rank="section" section="Geiseleria">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30309FF9FFEF452F5FE5DF800" box="[296,413,1924,1950]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Geiseleria</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(see Introduction), has subshrub or shrub habit, inflorescences congested with pistillate and staminate flowers continuous, the pistillate ones with 5 unequal sepals and bifid styles. For this reason, it can be placed in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D220309FF9FFF7952BDFC9CF878" authority="subsect. Geiseleria (Riina et al. 2021)" baseAuthorityName="Riina" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[165,860,1996,2022]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSection" section="Geiseleria" subSection="Geiseleria">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30309FF9FFF7952BDFF33F878" box="[165,243,1996,2022]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Croton</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
sect.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30309FF9FFEE852BDFE69F878" box="[308,425,1996,2022]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Geiseleria</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
subsect.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30309FF9FFDCC52BDFD45F878" box="[528,645,1996,2022]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Geiseleria</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500309FF9FFD4F52BDFC93F878" author="Riina" box="[659,851,1996,2022]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Riina" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" pagination="111 - 166" refId="ref9404" refString="Riina, R., van Ee, B. W., Caruzo, M. B. R., Carneiro-Torres, D. S., Santos, R. F. & Berry, P. E. (2021) The Neotropical Croton sect. Geiseleria (Euphorbiaceae): Classification update, phylogenetic framework and seven new species from South America. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 106: 111 - 166. https: // doi. org / 10.3417 / 2021669" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
|||
|
|
Riina
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30309FF9FFD0452BCFCD1F878" box="[728,785,1996,2022]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2021
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD336A10309FF98FF615281FD97FE46" blockId="3.[136,1452,1455,2058]" lastBlockId="4.[136,1452,158,869]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D220309FF9FFF615281FE73F794" box="[189,435,2032,2058]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30309FF9FFF615281FE73F794" box="[189,435,2032,2058]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Croton piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is morphologically closest to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D220309FF9FFCD75281FC74F794" authorityName="Linnaeus (1759:" authorityYear="1275" box="[779,948,2032,2058]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30309FF9FFCD75281FC74F794" box="[779,948,2032,2058]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">C. glandulosus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
because both share the usually ovate leaves with obtuse base and a pair of acropetiolar or basilaminar nectary glands, the inflorescence congested without a sterile gap between staminate and pistillate flowers, the bracts of flowers of both sexes with pyriform colleters (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B50030EFF98FA9D55B3FEC5FE9F" author="Machado" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Machado" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" pagination="86 - 93" refId="ref8690" refString="Machado, S. R., Paleari, L. M., Paiva, E. A. & Rodrigues, T. M. (2015) Colleters on the inflorescence axis of Croton glandulosus (Euphorbiaceae): structural and functional characterization. International Journal of Plant Sciences 176: 86 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 678469" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
|||
|
|
Machado
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FF545596FF01FE9E" box="[136,193,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2015
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), the pistillate ones with 2-fid styles. However,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030EFF98FCFF5596FC24FE9E" box="[803,996,230,257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FCFF5596FC24FE9E" box="[803,996,230,257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">C. piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
has leaves with acropetiolar patelliform sessile nectaries,
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B44030EFF98FE90547BFE14FEBB" box="[332,468,266,293]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.7">0.7–0.8 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
diam., on the adaxial surface (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FCEE547AFC90FEBA" box="[818,848,267,292]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">vs.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
basilaminar, cupuliform or stipitate-patelliform, with
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B44030EFF98FF54545FFED0FED7" box="[136,272,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.5 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
diam., on the abaxial surface), staminate flowers solitary with 11 stamens, the filaments hairy (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FA9B545EFAA6FED6" box="[1351,1382,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">vs.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
9–11, in cymules, glabrous), pistillate flowers with pedicel
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B44030EFF98FD025423FCA6FEF3" box="[734,870,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" unit="mm" value="2.1" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.4 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
long and sepals 3–4.5 ×
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B44030EFF98FB5C5423FAC9FEF3" box="[1152,1289,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="1.3">1.3–2.7 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, hairy on both surfaces (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FF285406FED3FE0E" box="[244,275,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">vs.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
pedicel
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B44030EFF98FEAE5407FE39FE0F" box="[370,505,374,401]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" unit="mm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.5 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
and sepals 1−2.5 ×
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B44030EFF98FD065407FCA5FE0F" box="[730,869,374,401]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.3">0.3−1.1 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, hairy only on ventral surfaces), capsules uniformly brownish (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FEDD54EAFEDFFE2A" box="[257,287,411,436]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">vs.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
green with whitish on the sutures of the septa and locules), and seeds 3–3.2 ×
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B44030EFF98FB5154EBFAE3FE2B" box="[1165,1315,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.625" metricValueMax="1.65" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" unit="mm" value="1.625" valueMax="1.65" valueMin="1.6">1.6–1.65 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, oblong (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FA5154EAFA6BFE2A" box="[1421,1451,411,436]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">vs.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
3.8–4.2 ×
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B44030EFF98FF2654CFFE43FE47" box="[250,387,446,473]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" unit="mm" value="2.3" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.4 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, oblong-ellipsoid).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD336A1030EFF98FF615492FA82FCFA" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,869]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030EFF98FF615492FE77FE62" box="[189,439,482,509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FF615492FE77FE62" box="[189,439,482,509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Croton piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
has also been confused in herbaria with
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030EFF98FC745492FB9FFE62" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[936,1119,482,509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adamantinus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FC745492FB9FFE62" box="[936,1119,482,509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">C. adamantinus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FBA85492FE3CFDBE" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">D.S. Carneiro-Torres, E.K. Brandão & R.B.M. Castro 1496</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; HUEFS), and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030EFF98FD685776FCA2FDBE" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[692,866,518,545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eremophilus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FD685776FCA2FDBE" box="[692,866,518,545]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">C. eremophilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FCAA5776FA8FFDBE" box="[886,1359,518,545]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">H.P. Bautista, N. Hind & S. Smith 3611;</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
ALCB, CEPEC, HUEFS, SPF); the former species also belongs to
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FCEA575AFC90FDDB" box="[822,848,555,581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">C.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
sect.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030EFF98FC4A575BFBCBFDDA" box="[918,1035,554,580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Geiseleria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FC4A575BFBCBFDDA" box="[918,1035,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Geiseleria</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and the latter to
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FB00575AFB36FDDB" box="[1244,1270,555,581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">C.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
sect.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030EFF98FAE0575BFDAEFDF6" authority="(Klotzsch, 1853: 104) Baillon (1858: 367)" authorityName="Baillon" authorityPageNumber="367" authorityYear="1858" baseAuthorityName="Klotzsch" baseAuthorityPageNumber="104" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Barhamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FAE0575BFA6BFDDA" box="[1340,1451,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Barhamia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B50030EFF98FF4C573FFEB9FDF6" author="Klotzsch" box="[144,377,590,617]" firstAuthor="Klotzsch" page="104" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" pagination="99 - 106" refId="ref8532" refString="Klotzsch, J. F. (1853) Euphorbiaceae. In: Seemann, B. C. (Ed.) The botany of the voyage of H. M. S. Herald. Reeve & Co., London, pp. 99 - 106." type="book chapter" year="1853">Klotzsch, 1853: 104</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B50030EFF98FE56573FFDAEFDF6" author="Baillon" box="[394,622,590,617]" firstAuthor="Baillon" page="367" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" refId="ref6842" refString="Baillon, H. E. (1858) Etude generale du groupe des Euphorbiacees. Librairie de Victor Masson, Paris, 684 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 50439" type="book" year="1858">Baillon (1858: 367)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030EFF98FDA0573EFCB2FDF6" box="[636,882,590,617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FDA0573EFCB2FDF6" box="[636,882,590,617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Croton piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
differs from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030EFF98FBD0573EFB78FDF6" box="[1036,1208,590,617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adamaninus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FBD0573EFB78FDF6" box="[1036,1208,590,617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">C. adamaninus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
by its subshrubby or shrubby habit up to
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B44030EFF98FEAD5703FE5EFD13" box="[369,414,626,653]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
tall and lack of aromatic scent (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FCC85702FCF3FD12" box="[788,819,627,652]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">vs.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
always shrubby with
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B44030EFF98FBED5703FB4FFD13" box="[1073,1167,626,653]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" unit="m" value="2.6" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.2">1.2–4 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
tall and aromatic scent), leaves with acropetiolar glands, base obtuse and margin serrulate without glands (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FBF857E6FB82FD2E" box="[1060,1090,663,688]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">vs.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
leaves with basilaminar glands, base cordate and margin dentate with stipitate-glands between the tooth), pistillate flowers with sepals unequal (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FA5157CAFA6BFD4A" box="[1421,1451,699,724]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">vs.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
equal), stipules and flowers of both sexes with glands (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FD3257AEFCCCFD66" box="[750,780,735,760]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">vs.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
without glands), staminate flowers with sepals with hyaline glands and 11 pubescent stamens (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FDD65672FDE9FC82" box="[522,553,771,796]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">vs.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
sepals with golden glands and 10 stamens, glabrous), and seeds
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B44030EFF98FB265673FAACFC83" box="[1274,1388,770,797]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" unit="mm" value="3.1" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="3.0">3–3.2 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
long, oblong (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FF3B5656FEC5FCDE" box="[231,261,807,832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">vs.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B44030EFF98FED15657FEABFCDF" box="[269,363,806,833]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
long, globose). When compared to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030EFF98FD235656FC69FCDE" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[767,937,806,833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eremophilus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FD235656FC69FCDE" box="[767,937,806,833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">C. eremophilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
both species share a shrubby habit, brownish stems, and numbers of stamens. However, both species can be differentiated by several characters (
|
|||
|
|
<tableCitation id="C6EE031A030EFF98FB01563BFAF1FCFA" box="[1245,1329,842,868]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[137,229,916,940]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphological differences between Croton piriquetifolius and C. eremophilus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF136629030EFF98FF5556E5FB8DFC35" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" tableUuid="DF136629030EFF98FF5556E5FB8DFC35">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="DF136629030EFF98FF5556E5FB8DFC35" ID-Table-UUID="DF136629030EFF98FF5556E5FB8DFC35" box="[137,1101,916,940]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF136629030EFF98FF5556E5FB8DFC35" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" startId="4.[137,229,916,940]" targetBox="[144,1375,953,1417]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4" targetType="table">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD336A1030EFF98FF5556E5FB8DFC35" blockId="4.[137,1101,916,940]" box="[137,1101,916,940]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FF5556E5FF39FC32" bold="true" box="[137,249,916,940]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">TABLE 1</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Morphological differences between
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030EFF98FD5456E5FCB0FC32" box="[648,880,916,940]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FD5456E5FCB0FC32" box="[648,880,916,940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Croton piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030EFF98FC7856E5FB86FC32" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[932,1094,916,940]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eremophilus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FC7856E5FB86FC32" box="[932,1094,916,940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">C. eremophilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD336A1030EFF98FF4C56C8FB8FFA17" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
|
|||
|
|
<table id="F96CC401030E0063FF4C56C8FA9FFA17" box="[144,1375,953,1417]" gridcols="3" gridrows="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="355C34E3030E0063FF4C56C8FA9FFC51" box="[144,1375,953,975]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="768D5D9F030E0063FF4C56C8FE35FC51" box="[144,501,953,975]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FF4C56C8FEC3FC51" bold="true" box="[144,259,953,975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Characters</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</th>
|
|||
|
|
<th id="768D5D9F030E0063FD5B56C8FA9FFC51" box="[647,1375,953,975]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FD5B56C8FD12FC51" bold="true" box="[647,722,953,975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Species</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</th>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="355C34E3030E0063FF4C56A9FA9FFC70" box="[144,1375,984,1006]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" rowspan-0="1">
|
|||
|
|
<td id="768D5D9F030E0063FD5B56A9FC7BFC70" box="[647,955,984,1006]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030EFF98FD5B56A9FCEFFC70" box="[647,815,984,1006]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FD5B56A9FCEFFC70" bold="true" box="[647,815,984,1006]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">C. piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="768D5D9F030E0063FBC856A9FA9FFC70" box="[1044,1375,984,1006]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030EFF98FBC856A9FB6BFC70" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[1044,1195,984,1006]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eremophilus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FBC856A9FB6BFC70" bold="true" box="[1044,1195,984,1006]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">C. eremophilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="355C34E3030E0063FF4C5689FA9FFB90" box="[144,1375,1016,1038]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="768D5D9F030E0063FF4C5689FE35FB90" box="[144,501,1016,1038]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Trichomes on branches</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="768D5D9F030E0063FD5B5689FC7BFB90" box="[647,955,1016,1038]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Stellate, porrect and mutiradiate</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="768D5D9F030E0063FBC85689FA9FFB90" box="[1044,1375,1016,1038]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Stellate</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="355C34E3030E0063FF4C5169FA9FFBB0" box="[144,1375,1048,1070]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="768D5D9F030E0063FF4C5169FE35FBB0" box="[144,501,1048,1070]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Leaf base</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="768D5D9F030E0063FD5B5169FC7BFBB0" box="[647,955,1048,1070]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Symmetrical</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="768D5D9F030E0063FBC85169FA9FFBB0" box="[1044,1375,1048,1070]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Asymmetrical</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="355C34E3030E0063FF4C5149FA9FFBD0" box="[144,1375,1080,1102]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="768D5D9F030E0063FF4C5149FE35FBD0" box="[144,501,1080,1102]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Acropetiolar nectaries</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="768D5D9F030E0063FD5B5149FC7BFBD0" box="[647,955,1080,1102]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Present</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="768D5D9F030E0063FBC85149FA9FFBD0" box="[1044,1375,1080,1102]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Absent</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="355C34E3030E0063FF4C5126FA9FFBF3" box="[144,1375,1111,1133]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="768D5D9F030E0063FF4C5126FE35FBF3" box="[144,501,1111,1133]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Glands at margin of pistillate flowers</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="768D5D9F030E0063FD5B5126FC7BFBF3" box="[647,955,1111,1133]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Absent</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="768D5D9F030E0063FBC85126FA9FFBF3" box="[1044,1375,1111,1133]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Present</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="355C34E3030E0063FF4C5106FA9FFB13" box="[144,1375,1143,1165]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="768D5D9F030E0063FF4C5106FE35FB13" box="[144,501,1143,1165]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Glands on stipules</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="768D5D9F030E0063FD5B5106FC7BFB13" box="[647,955,1143,1165]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Only at the base</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="768D5D9F030E0063FBC85106FA9FFB13" box="[1044,1375,1143,1165]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">In all their extension</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="355C34E3030E0063FF4C51E6FA9FFB54" box="[144,1375,1175,1226]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="768D5D9F030E0063FF4C51E6FE35FB54" box="[144,501,1175,1226]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Staminate sepals</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="768D5D9F030E0063FD5B51E6FC7BFB54" box="[647,955,1175,1226]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Elliptic, hairy on both surfaces</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="768D5D9F030E0063FBC851E6FA9FFB54" box="[1044,1375,1175,1226]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Obovate or rhomboid, glabrous on ventral surface</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="355C34E3030E0063FF4C51A5FA9FFB74" box="[144,1375,1236,1258]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="768D5D9F030E0063FF4C51A5FE35FB74" box="[144,501,1236,1258]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Pistillate flowers</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="768D5D9F030E0063FD5B51A5FC7BFB74" box="[647,955,1236,1258]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Pedicelate</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="768D5D9F030E0063FBC851A5FA9FFB74" box="[1044,1375,1236,1258]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Sessile</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="355C34E3030E0063FF4C5185FA9FFA94" box="[144,1375,1268,1290]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="768D5D9F030E0063FF4C5185FE35FA94" box="[144,501,1268,1290]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Pistillate sepals</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="768D5D9F030E0063FD5B5185FC7BFA94" box="[647,955,1268,1290]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Unequal, oblong-obovate,</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="768D5D9F030E0063FBC85185FA9FFA94" box="[1044,1375,1268,1290]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Equal, ovate</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="355C34E3030E0063FF4C5062FA9FFAB7" box="[144,1375,1299,1321]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="768D5D9F030E0063FF4C5062FE35FAB7" box="[144,501,1299,1321]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Pistillate petals</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="768D5D9F030E0063FD5B5062FC7BFAB7" box="[647,955,1299,1321]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Present</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="768D5D9F030E0063FBC85062FA9FFAB7" box="[1044,1375,1299,1321]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Absent</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="355C34E3030E0063FF4C5042FA9FFAD7" box="[144,1375,1331,1353]" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="768D5D9F030E0063FF4C5042FE35FAD7" box="[144,501,1331,1353]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Styles integrity</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="768D5D9F030E0063FD5B5042FC7BFAD7" box="[647,955,1331,1353]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">2-fid</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="768D5D9F030E0063FBC85042FA9FFAD7" box="[1044,1375,1331,1353]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">4-fid</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="355C34E3030E0063FF4C5022FA9FFAF7" box="[144,1375,1363,1385]" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="768D5D9F030E0063FF4C5022FE35FAF7" box="[144,501,1363,1385]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Seeds</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="768D5D9F030E0063FD5B5022FC7BFAF7" box="[647,955,1363,1385]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Oblongoid</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="768D5D9F030E0063FBC85022FA9FFAF7" box="[1044,1375,1363,1385]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Ellipsoid</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="355C34E3030E0063FF4C5002FA9FFA17" box="[144,1375,1395,1417]" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="768D5D9F030E0063FF4C5002FE35FA17" box="[144,501,1395,1417]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Carpophore</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="768D5D9F030E0063FD5B5002FC7BFA17" box="[647,955,1395,1417]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Fringed</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="768D5D9F030E0063FBC85002FA9FFA17" box="[1044,1375,1395,1417]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Entire</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</table>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C376652A030EFF95FF5450DFFC19FCDE" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" type="biology_ecology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD336A1030EFF98FF5450DFFE87FA57" blockId="4.[136,1452,1454,2093]" box="[136,327,1454,1481]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="D09B81CD030EFF98FF5450DFFE87FA57" bold="true" box="[136,327,1454,1481]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" reason="1">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FF5450DFFE87FA57" bold="true" box="[136,327,1454,1481]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Anatomical data</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD336A1030EFF98FF5450A3FE07F892" blockId="4.[136,1452,1454,2093]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FF5450A3FEC2FA73" bold="true" box="[136,258,1490,1517]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Leaf blade</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: The studied species present simple, stellate and multiradiate trichomes. The adaxial surfaces of the leaves have simple (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030EFF98FEC15087FE23F98E" box="[285,483,1526,1553]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,214,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1436,190,1729]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cross sections of the leaf blade (a–e, g–j, l–p, r–v), and margin (f, k, q, w) of Croton adamantinus (a–f), C. eremophilus (g–k), C. glandulosus (l–q) and C. piriquetifolius M.J. Silva & Sodré (r–w). a–c, g, h, l–n and r–t. Detail of the trichomes; d, i, o and u. General aspect of the leaf blade highlighting the epidermis, palisade and spongy parenchyma, stomata, trichomes, druses, vascular bundles and idioblasts; e, j, p and v. Detail of the vascular bundles; f, k, q and w. Margin. ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sp = spongy parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; arrows = stomata; 1 = simple trichomes; 2 = stellate trichomes with a porrect ray; 3 = multiradiate subsessile or stipitate trichomes. Scales: a–c, e–h, j–n, p–t, v, w = 50 µm; d, i, o, u = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215329/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Figs. 3A, B, N, R</figureCitation>
|
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|
|
) or stellate trichomes with a porrect ray (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030EFF98FC6C5087FBC7F98E" box="[944,1031,1526,1552]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,214,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1436,190,1729]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cross sections of the leaf blade (a–e, g–j, l–p, r–v), and margin (f, k, q, w) of Croton adamantinus (a–f), C. eremophilus (g–k), C. glandulosus (l–q) and C. piriquetifolius M.J. Silva & Sodré (r–w). a–c, g, h, l–n and r–t. Detail of the trichomes; d, i, o and u. General aspect of the leaf blade highlighting the epidermis, palisade and spongy parenchyma, stomata, trichomes, druses, vascular bundles and idioblasts; e, j, p and v. Detail of the vascular bundles; f, k, q and w. Margin. ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sp = spongy parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; arrows = stomata; 1 = simple trichomes; 2 = stellate trichomes with a porrect ray; 3 = multiradiate subsessile or stipitate trichomes. Scales: a–c, e–h, j–n, p–t, v, w = 50 µm; d, i, o, u = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215329/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
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|
|
), while on the abaxial surface stellate multiradiate subsessile trichomes were seen in
|
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|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030EFF98FD46536BFC82F9AA" authorityName="Linnaeus (1759:" authorityYear="1275" box="[666,834,1562,1588]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
|
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|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FD46536BFC82F9AA" box="[666,834,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">C. glandulosus</emphasis>
|
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|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030EFF98FC8F536BFC72F9AA" box="[851,946,1562,1588]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,214,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1436,190,1729]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cross sections of the leaf blade (a–e, g–j, l–p, r–v), and margin (f, k, q, w) of Croton adamantinus (a–f), C. eremophilus (g–k), C. glandulosus (l–q) and C. piriquetifolius M.J. Silva & Sodré (r–w). a–c, g, h, l–n and r–t. Detail of the trichomes; d, i, o and u. General aspect of the leaf blade highlighting the epidermis, palisade and spongy parenchyma, stomata, trichomes, druses, vascular bundles and idioblasts; e, j, p and v. Detail of the vascular bundles; f, k, q and w. Margin. ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sp = spongy parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; arrows = stomata; 1 = simple trichomes; 2 = stellate trichomes with a porrect ray; 3 = multiradiate subsessile or stipitate trichomes. Scales: a–c, e–h, j–n, p–t, v, w = 50 µm; d, i, o, u = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215329/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Fig. 3M</figureCitation>
|
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|
|
), and stipitate ones (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030EFF98FB47536BFA9BF9AA" box="[1179,1371,1562,1589]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,214,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1436,190,1729]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cross sections of the leaf blade (a–e, g–j, l–p, r–v), and margin (f, k, q, w) of Croton adamantinus (a–f), C. eremophilus (g–k), C. glandulosus (l–q) and C. piriquetifolius M.J. Silva & Sodré (r–w). a–c, g, h, l–n and r–t. Detail of the trichomes; d, i, o and u. General aspect of the leaf blade highlighting the epidermis, palisade and spongy parenchyma, stomata, trichomes, druses, vascular bundles and idioblasts; e, j, p and v. Detail of the vascular bundles; f, k, q and w. Margin. ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sp = spongy parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; arrows = stomata; 1 = simple trichomes; 2 = stellate trichomes with a porrect ray; 3 = multiradiate subsessile or stipitate trichomes. Scales: a–c, e–h, j–n, p–t, v, w = 50 µm; d, i, o, u = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215329/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Figs. 3H, L, S, T</figureCitation>
|
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|
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) in the others.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030EFF98FF00534FFE04F9C6" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[220,452,1598,1624]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adamantinus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FF00534FFE04F9C6" box="[220,452,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Croton adamantinus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030EFF98FE0F534FFDBEF9C6" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[467,638,1598,1624]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eremophilus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FE0F534FFDBEF9C6" box="[467,638,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">C. eremophilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030EFF98FD64534FFCB9F9C6" box="[696,889,1598,1624]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FD64534FFCB9F9C6" box="[696,889,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">C. piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
have hypostomatic leaves (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030EFF98FB69534FFA97F9C6" box="[1205,1367,1598,1625]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,214,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1436,190,1729]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cross sections of the leaf blade (a–e, g–j, l–p, r–v), and margin (f, k, q, w) of Croton adamantinus (a–f), C. eremophilus (g–k), C. glandulosus (l–q) and C. piriquetifolius M.J. Silva & Sodré (r–w). a–c, g, h, l–n and r–t. Detail of the trichomes; d, i, o and u. General aspect of the leaf blade highlighting the epidermis, palisade and spongy parenchyma, stomata, trichomes, druses, vascular bundles and idioblasts; e, j, p and v. Detail of the vascular bundles; f, k, q and w. Margin. ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sp = spongy parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; arrows = stomata; 1 = simple trichomes; 2 = stellate trichomes with a porrect ray; 3 = multiradiate subsessile or stipitate trichomes. Scales: a–c, e–h, j–n, p–t, v, w = 50 µm; d, i, o, u = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215329/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Figs. 3D, I, U</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), while
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030EFF98FF545313FEF1F9E2" authorityName="Linnaeus (1759:" authorityYear="1275" box="[136,305,1634,1660]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FF545313FEF1F9E2" box="[136,305,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">C. glandulosus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
has amphistomatic leaves (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030EFF98FDB65313FD04F9E2" box="[618,708,1634,1660]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,214,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1436,190,1729]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cross sections of the leaf blade (a–e, g–j, l–p, r–v), and margin (f, k, q, w) of Croton adamantinus (a–f), C. eremophilus (g–k), C. glandulosus (l–q) and C. piriquetifolius M.J. Silva & Sodré (r–w). a–c, g, h, l–n and r–t. Detail of the trichomes; d, i, o and u. General aspect of the leaf blade highlighting the epidermis, palisade and spongy parenchyma, stomata, trichomes, druses, vascular bundles and idioblasts; e, j, p and v. Detail of the vascular bundles; f, k, q and w. Margin. ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sp = spongy parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; arrows = stomata; 1 = simple trichomes; 2 = stellate trichomes with a porrect ray; 3 = multiradiate subsessile or stipitate trichomes. Scales: a–c, e–h, j–n, p–t, v, w = 50 µm; d, i, o, u = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215329/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Fig. 3O</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The epidermis is unistratified, has a thin cuticle and rectangular and quadrangular common cells with walls straight or sinuous (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030EFF98FCBD53F7FBEAF93E" box="[865,1066,1670,1697]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,214,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1436,190,1729]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cross sections of the leaf blade (a–e, g–j, l–p, r–v), and margin (f, k, q, w) of Croton adamantinus (a–f), C. eremophilus (g–k), C. glandulosus (l–q) and C. piriquetifolius M.J. Silva & Sodré (r–w). a–c, g, h, l–n and r–t. Detail of the trichomes; d, i, o and u. General aspect of the leaf blade highlighting the epidermis, palisade and spongy parenchyma, stomata, trichomes, druses, vascular bundles and idioblasts; e, j, p and v. Detail of the vascular bundles; f, k, q and w. Margin. ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sp = spongy parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; arrows = stomata; 1 = simple trichomes; 2 = stellate trichomes with a porrect ray; 3 = multiradiate subsessile or stipitate trichomes. Scales: a–c, e–h, j–n, p–t, v, w = 50 µm; d, i, o, u = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215329/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Figs. 3D, I, O, U</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The cells walls are thickened in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030EFF98FF5453DBFEFCF95A" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[136,316,1706,1732]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adamantinus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FF5453DBFEFCF95A" box="[136,316,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">C. adamantinus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030EFF98FE9153DBFE68F95A" box="[333,424,1706,1732]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,214,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1436,190,1729]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cross sections of the leaf blade (a–e, g–j, l–p, r–v), and margin (f, k, q, w) of Croton adamantinus (a–f), C. eremophilus (g–k), C. glandulosus (l–q) and C. piriquetifolius M.J. Silva & Sodré (r–w). a–c, g, h, l–n and r–t. Detail of the trichomes; d, i, o and u. General aspect of the leaf blade highlighting the epidermis, palisade and spongy parenchyma, stomata, trichomes, druses, vascular bundles and idioblasts; e, j, p and v. Detail of the vascular bundles; f, k, q and w. Margin. ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sp = spongy parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; arrows = stomata; 1 = simple trichomes; 2 = stellate trichomes with a porrect ray; 3 = multiradiate subsessile or stipitate trichomes. Scales: a–c, e–h, j–n, p–t, v, w = 50 µm; d, i, o, u = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215329/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), while the periclinal internal wall is thickened in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030EFF98FC3153DBFB59F95A" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[1005,1177,1706,1732]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eremophilus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FC3153DBFB59F95A" box="[1005,1177,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">C. eremophilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(3I) and the external in other species. Secretory, unicellular, and subglobose trichomes were found on leaf surfaces of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030EFF98FB6D53BFFA99F976" authorityName="Linnaeus (1759:" authorityYear="1275" box="[1201,1369,1742,1768]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FB6D53BFFA99F976" box="[1201,1369,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">C. glandulosus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030EFF98FA4E53BFFEE7F892" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FA4E53BFFEE7F892" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">C. piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030EFF98FEEA5383FE79F892" box="[310,441,1778,1804]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,214,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1436,190,1729]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cross sections of the leaf blade (a–e, g–j, l–p, r–v), and margin (f, k, q, w) of Croton adamantinus (a–f), C. eremophilus (g–k), C. glandulosus (l–q) and C. piriquetifolius M.J. Silva & Sodré (r–w). a–c, g, h, l–n and r–t. Detail of the trichomes; d, i, o and u. General aspect of the leaf blade highlighting the epidermis, palisade and spongy parenchyma, stomata, trichomes, druses, vascular bundles and idioblasts; e, j, p and v. Detail of the vascular bundles; f, k, q and w. Margin. ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sp = spongy parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; arrows = stomata; 1 = simple trichomes; 2 = stellate trichomes with a porrect ray; 3 = multiradiate subsessile or stipitate trichomes. Scales: a–c, e–h, j–n, p–t, v, w = 50 µm; d, i, o, u = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215329/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Figs. 3O, T</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD336A1030EFF98FF615267FC85F802" blockId="4.[136,1452,1454,2093]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
|
|||
|
|
The mesophyll is isobilateral with one layer of palisade parenchyma and three to five of spongy parenchyma in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030EFF98FA4E5267FED1F8CA" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eremophilus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FA4E5267FED1F8CA" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">C. eremophilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030EFF98FEC3524BFEACF8CA" box="[287,364,1850,1876]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,214,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1436,190,1729]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cross sections of the leaf blade (a–e, g–j, l–p, r–v), and margin (f, k, q, w) of Croton adamantinus (a–f), C. eremophilus (g–k), C. glandulosus (l–q) and C. piriquetifolius M.J. Silva & Sodré (r–w). a–c, g, h, l–n and r–t. Detail of the trichomes; d, i, o and u. General aspect of the leaf blade highlighting the epidermis, palisade and spongy parenchyma, stomata, trichomes, druses, vascular bundles and idioblasts; e, j, p and v. Detail of the vascular bundles; f, k, q and w. Margin. ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sp = spongy parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; arrows = stomata; 1 = simple trichomes; 2 = stellate trichomes with a porrect ray; 3 = multiradiate subsessile or stipitate trichomes. Scales: a–c, e–h, j–n, p–t, v, w = 50 µm; d, i, o, u = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215329/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), or dorsiventral, with one layer of palisade parenchyma and four to six layers spongy parenchyma in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030EFF98FF79522FFE97F8E6" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[165,343,1886,1912]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adamantinus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FF79522FFE97F8E6" box="[165,343,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">C. adamantinus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030EFF98FEB9522FFDCDF8E6" authorityName="Linnaeus (1759:" authorityYear="1275" box="[357,525,1886,1912]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FEB9522FFDCDF8E6" box="[357,525,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">C. glandulosus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030EFF98FD98522FFCC4F8E6" box="[580,772,1886,1912]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FD98522FFCC4F8E6" box="[580,772,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">C. piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030EFF98FCCF522FFC7EF8E6" box="[787,958,1886,1912]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,214,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1436,190,1729]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cross sections of the leaf blade (a–e, g–j, l–p, r–v), and margin (f, k, q, w) of Croton adamantinus (a–f), C. eremophilus (g–k), C. glandulosus (l–q) and C. piriquetifolius M.J. Silva & Sodré (r–w). a–c, g, h, l–n and r–t. Detail of the trichomes; d, i, o and u. General aspect of the leaf blade highlighting the epidermis, palisade and spongy parenchyma, stomata, trichomes, druses, vascular bundles and idioblasts; e, j, p and v. Detail of the vascular bundles; f, k, q and w. Margin. ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sp = spongy parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; arrows = stomata; 1 = simple trichomes; 2 = stellate trichomes with a porrect ray; 3 = multiradiate subsessile or stipitate trichomes. Scales: a–c, e–h, j–n, p–t, v, w = 50 µm; d, i, o, u = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215329/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Figs. 3D, O, U</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Idioblasts (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030EFF98FB92522FFAB4F8E6" box="[1102,1396,1886,1913]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,214,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1436,190,1729]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cross sections of the leaf blade (a–e, g–j, l–p, r–v), and margin (f, k, q, w) of Croton adamantinus (a–f), C. eremophilus (g–k), C. glandulosus (l–q) and C. piriquetifolius M.J. Silva & Sodré (r–w). a–c, g, h, l–n and r–t. Detail of the trichomes; d, i, o and u. General aspect of the leaf blade highlighting the epidermis, palisade and spongy parenchyma, stomata, trichomes, druses, vascular bundles and idioblasts; e, j, p and v. Detail of the vascular bundles; f, k, q and w. Margin. ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sp = spongy parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; arrows = stomata; 1 = simple trichomes; 2 = stellate trichomes with a porrect ray; 3 = multiradiate subsessile or stipitate trichomes. Scales: a–c, e–h, j–n, p–t, v, w = 50 µm; d, i, o, u = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215329/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Figs. 3D, F, I, K, O, U, W</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) and druses (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030EFF98FF0352F3FEA3F802" box="[223,355,1922,1948]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,214,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1436,190,1729]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cross sections of the leaf blade (a–e, g–j, l–p, r–v), and margin (f, k, q, w) of Croton adamantinus (a–f), C. eremophilus (g–k), C. glandulosus (l–q) and C. piriquetifolius M.J. Silva & Sodré (r–w). a–c, g, h, l–n and r–t. Detail of the trichomes; d, i, o and u. General aspect of the leaf blade highlighting the epidermis, palisade and spongy parenchyma, stomata, trichomes, druses, vascular bundles and idioblasts; e, j, p and v. Detail of the vascular bundles; f, k, q and w. Margin. ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sp = spongy parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; arrows = stomata; 1 = simple trichomes; 2 = stellate trichomes with a porrect ray; 3 = multiradiate subsessile or stipitate trichomes. Scales: a–c, e–h, j–n, p–t, v, w = 50 µm; d, i, o, u = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215329/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Figs. 3D, O</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) were seen in the mesophyll of all species.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD336A1030EFF98FF6152D7FEA8F7B2" blockId="4.[136,1452,1454,2093]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
|
|||
|
|
The leaves are homobaric (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030EFF98FE3752D7FCD9F85E" box="[491,793,1958,1985]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,214,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1436,190,1729]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cross sections of the leaf blade (a–e, g–j, l–p, r–v), and margin (f, k, q, w) of Croton adamantinus (a–f), C. eremophilus (g–k), C. glandulosus (l–q) and C. piriquetifolius M.J. Silva & Sodré (r–w). a–c, g, h, l–n and r–t. Detail of the trichomes; d, i, o and u. General aspect of the leaf blade highlighting the epidermis, palisade and spongy parenchyma, stomata, trichomes, druses, vascular bundles and idioblasts; e, j, p and v. Detail of the vascular bundles; f, k, q and w. Margin. ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sp = spongy parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; arrows = stomata; 1 = simple trichomes; 2 = stellate trichomes with a porrect ray; 3 = multiradiate subsessile or stipitate trichomes. Scales: a–c, e–h, j–n, p–t, v, w = 50 µm; d, i, o, u = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215329/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Figs. 3D, E, I, J, O, P, U, V</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) with vascular bundles collateral (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030EFF98FB4552D7FA8BF85E" box="[1177,1355,1958,1985]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,214,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1436,190,1729]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cross sections of the leaf blade (a–e, g–j, l–p, r–v), and margin (f, k, q, w) of Croton adamantinus (a–f), C. eremophilus (g–k), C. glandulosus (l–q) and C. piriquetifolius M.J. Silva & Sodré (r–w). a–c, g, h, l–n and r–t. Detail of the trichomes; d, i, o and u. General aspect of the leaf blade highlighting the epidermis, palisade and spongy parenchyma, stomata, trichomes, druses, vascular bundles and idioblasts; e, j, p and v. Detail of the vascular bundles; f, k, q and w. Margin. ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sp = spongy parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; arrows = stomata; 1 = simple trichomes; 2 = stellate trichomes with a porrect ray; 3 = multiradiate subsessile or stipitate trichomes. Scales: a–c, e–h, j–n, p–t, v, w = 50 µm; d, i, o, u = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215329/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Figs. 3E, J, P, V</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) located in the median portion of the mesophyll. Druses were found usually in the parenchymatic sheath in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030EFF98FB2F52BBFA6CF87A" box="[1267,1452,1994,2020]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eremophyllus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030EFF98FB2F52BBFA6CF87A" box="[1267,1452,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">C. eremophyllus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030EFF98FF4C529FFF1FF796" box="[144,223,2030,2056]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,214,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1436,190,1729]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cross sections of the leaf blade (a–e, g–j, l–p, r–v), and margin (f, k, q, w) of Croton adamantinus (a–f), C. eremophilus (g–k), C. glandulosus (l–q) and C. piriquetifolius M.J. Silva & Sodré (r–w). a–c, g, h, l–n and r–t. Detail of the trichomes; d, i, o and u. General aspect of the leaf blade highlighting the epidermis, palisade and spongy parenchyma, stomata, trichomes, druses, vascular bundles and idioblasts; e, j, p and v. Detail of the vascular bundles; f, k, q and w. Margin. ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sp = spongy parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; arrows = stomata; 1 = simple trichomes; 2 = stellate trichomes with a porrect ray; 3 = multiradiate subsessile or stipitate trichomes. Scales: a–c, e–h, j–n, p–t, v, w = 50 µm; d, i, o, u = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215329/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Fig. 3J</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The margin in all species has rounded and obtuse contour with parenchymatous cells in subepidermal position (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030EFF98FF4C5D63FE9CF7B2" box="[144,348,2066,2093]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,214,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1436,190,1729]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cross sections of the leaf blade (a–e, g–j, l–p, r–v), and margin (f, k, q, w) of Croton adamantinus (a–f), C. eremophilus (g–k), C. glandulosus (l–q) and C. piriquetifolius M.J. Silva & Sodré (r–w). a–c, g, h, l–n and r–t. Detail of the trichomes; d, i, o and u. General aspect of the leaf blade highlighting the epidermis, palisade and spongy parenchyma, stomata, trichomes, druses, vascular bundles and idioblasts; e, j, p and v. Detail of the vascular bundles; f, k, q and w. Margin. ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sp = spongy parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; arrows = stomata; 1 = simple trichomes; 2 = stellate trichomes with a porrect ray; 3 = multiradiate subsessile or stipitate trichomes. Scales: a–c, e–h, j–n, p–t, v, w = 50 µm; d, i, o, u = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215329/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Figs. 3F, K, Q, W</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="DF136629030FFF99FF5453A8FCF5F858" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215329" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13215329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215329/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" startId="5.[136,234,1753,1775]" targetBox="[156,1434,214,1721]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD336A1030FFF99FF5453A8FCF5F858" blockId="5.[136,1452,1753,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030FFF99FF5453A8FEC4F970" bold="true" box="[136,260,1753,1775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Cross sections of the leaf blade (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030FFF99FD9653A8FD37F970" bold="true" box="[586,759,1753,1775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">a–e, g–j, l–p, r–v</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
), and margin (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030FFF99FC5553A8FC24F970" bold="true" box="[905,996,1753,1775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">f, k, q, w</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
) of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030FFF99FBD253A8FB14F970" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[1038,1236,1753,1774]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adamantinus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030FFF99FBD253A8FB14F970" box="[1038,1236,1753,1774]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Croton adamantinus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030FFF99FB3F53A8FAC3F971" bold="true" box="[1251,1283,1753,1775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">a–f</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
),
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030FFF99FAC453A8FA6CF970" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[1304,1452,1753,1774]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eremophilus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030FFF99FAC453A8FA6CF970" box="[1304,1452,1753,1774]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">C. eremophilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030FFF99FF4C538CFF75F88C" bold="true" box="[144,181,1789,1810]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">g–k</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
),
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030FFF99FF16538CFE9AF88C" authorityName="Linnaeus (1759:" authorityYear="1275" box="[202,346,1789,1810]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030FFF99FF16538CFE9AF88C" box="[202,346,1789,1810]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">C. glandulosus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030FFF99FEB4538CFE48F88C" bold="true" box="[360,392,1789,1810]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">l–q</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
) and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030FFF99FE63538CFCE2F88D" authority="M. J. Silva & Sodre" authorityName="M. J. Silva & Sodre" box="[447,802,1789,1811]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030FFF99FE63538CFDA3F88C" box="[447,611,1789,1810]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">C. piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
M.J. Silva & Sodré
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030FFF99FCEC538CFC98F88C" bold="true" box="[816,856,1789,1810]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">r–w</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030FFF99FCB1538CFC2DF88C" bold="true" box="[877,1005,1789,1810]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">a–c, g, h, l–n</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030FFF99FBC0538CFBFBF88C" bold="true" box="[1052,1083,1789,1810]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">r–t</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Detail of the trichomes;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030FFF99FAED538CFAA9F88C" bold="true" box="[1329,1385,1789,1811]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">d, i, o</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030FFF99FA44538CFA65F88C" bold="true" box="[1432,1445,1789,1810]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">u</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. General aspect of the leaf blade highlighting the epidermis, palisade and spongy parenchyma, stomata, trichomes, druses, vascular bundles and idioblasts;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030FFF99FEC55234FE90F8C4" bold="true" box="[281,336,1861,1883]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">e, j, p</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030FFF99FEA25234FE4AF8C4" bold="true" box="[382,394,1861,1882]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">v</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Detail of the vascular bundles;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030FFF99FD635234FD38F8C4" bold="true" box="[703,760,1861,1883]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">f, k, q</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030FFF99FCFB5234FCF8F8C4" bold="true" box="[807,824,1861,1882]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">w</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Margin. ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sp = spongy parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; arrows = stomata; 1 = simple trichomes; 2 = stellate trichomes with a porrect ray; 3 = multiradiate subsessile or stipitate trichomes.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030FFF99FF2F52C0FEF2F859" bold="true" box="[243,306,1969,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Scales</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: a–c, e–h, j–n, p–t, v, w = 50 µm; d, i, o, u = 200 µm.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD336A1030CFF9AFF6155EFFE66FC82" blockId="6.[136,1452,158,1985]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFF6155EFFECCFF27" bold="true" box="[189,268,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Midrib</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: The midribs are biconvex in all species (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFCD855EFFC15FF26" box="[772,981,158,185]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,234,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[159,1415,217,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,190,1809]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cross sections of the midrib of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C.glandulosus L. (k–o), and C.piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the adaxial surface; c, h, m and r. Detail of the abaxial surface; d, i, n and s. Detail of the trichomes and epidermis; e, j, o and t. Vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; pp = palisade parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, b, e, f, i, k, p = 200 µm; c, d, g, h, j, l–o, q–t = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215331/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 4A, F, K, P</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), conspicuous on adaxial surfaces of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFA4E55EEFECFFF42" authorityName="Linnaeus (1759:" authorityYear="1275" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
|
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<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFA4E55EEFECFFF42" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. glandulosus</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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|
(
|
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|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFEC355B3FEB8FF42" box="[287,376,194,220]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,234,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[159,1415,217,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,190,1809]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cross sections of the midrib of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C.glandulosus L. (k–o), and C.piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the adaxial surface; c, h, m and r. Detail of the abaxial surface; d, i, n and s. Detail of the trichomes and epidermis; e, j, o and t. Vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; pp = palisade parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, b, e, f, i, k, p = 200 µm; c, d, g, h, j, l–o, q–t = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215331/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Fig. 4K</figureCitation>
|
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) and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFE6455B2FDB9FF42" box="[440,633,194,221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius">
|
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|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFE6455B2FDB9FF42" box="[440,633,194,221]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
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|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
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|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFD5455B3FD17FF42" box="[648,727,194,220]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,234,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[159,1415,217,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,190,1809]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cross sections of the midrib of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C.glandulosus L. (k–o), and C.piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the adaxial surface; c, h, m and r. Detail of the abaxial surface; d, i, n and s. Detail of the trichomes and epidermis; e, j, o and t. Vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; pp = palisade parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, b, e, f, i, k, p = 200 µm; c, d, g, h, j, l–o, q–t = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215331/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Fig 4P</figureCitation>
|
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), and inconspicuous on adaxial surfaces of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFB1F55B2FAAEFF42" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[1219,1390,194,221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eremophilus">
|
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|
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<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFB1F55B2FAAEFF42" box="[1219,1390,194,221]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. eremophilus</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
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|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFAA255B3FF67FE9E" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,234,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[159,1415,217,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,190,1809]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cross sections of the midrib of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C.glandulosus L. (k–o), and C.piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the adaxial surface; c, h, m and r. Detail of the abaxial surface; d, i, n and s. Detail of the trichomes and epidermis; e, j, o and t. Vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; pp = palisade parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, b, e, f, i, k, p = 200 µm; c, d, g, h, j, l–o, q–t = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215331/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
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) and
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFF3B5596FE5AFE9E" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[231,410,230,257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adamantinus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFF3B5596FE5AFE9E" box="[231,410,230,257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. adamantinus</emphasis>
|
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|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFE765597FDC5FE9E" box="[426,517,230,256]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,234,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[159,1415,217,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,190,1809]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cross sections of the midrib of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C.glandulosus L. (k–o), and C.piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the adaxial surface; c, h, m and r. Detail of the abaxial surface; d, i, n and s. Detail of the trichomes and epidermis; e, j, o and t. Vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; pp = palisade parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, b, e, f, i, k, p = 200 µm; c, d, g, h, j, l–o, q–t = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215331/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
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|
|
). The common cells of epidermis and non-glandular trichomes are similar to those found on leaf blades; however, emergencies also occur in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFCEE547AFC36FEBA" box="[818,1014,266,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFCEE547AFC36FEBA" box="[818,1014,266,293]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFBD5547BFBA2FEBA" box="[1033,1122,266,292]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,234,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[159,1415,217,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,190,1809]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cross sections of the midrib of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C.glandulosus L. (k–o), and C.piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the adaxial surface; c, h, m and r. Detail of the abaxial surface; d, i, n and s. Detail of the trichomes and epidermis; e, j, o and t. Vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; pp = palisade parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, b, e, f, i, k, p = 200 µm; c, d, g, h, j, l–o, q–t = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215331/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Fig. 4P</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Glandular, subglobose and unicellular trichomes are found on the abaxial surface of all species (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFC47545FFB81FED6" box="[923,1089,302,329]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,234,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[159,1415,217,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,190,1809]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cross sections of the midrib of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C.glandulosus L. (k–o), and C.piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the adaxial surface; c, h, m and r. Detail of the abaxial surface; d, i, n and s. Detail of the trichomes and epidermis; e, j, o and t. Vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; pp = palisade parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, b, e, f, i, k, p = 200 µm; c, d, g, h, j, l–o, q–t = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215331/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 4D, N, S</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) except in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFB1E545EFAADFED6" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[1218,1389,302,329]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eremophilus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFB1E545EFAADFED6" box="[1218,1389,302,329]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. eremophilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFAA2545FFF62FEF2" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,234,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[159,1415,217,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,190,1809]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cross sections of the midrib of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C.glandulosus L. (k–o), and C.piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the adaxial surface; c, h, m and r. Detail of the abaxial surface; d, i, n and s. Detail of the trichomes and epidermis; e, j, o and t. Vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; pp = palisade parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, b, e, f, i, k, p = 200 µm; c, d, g, h, j, l–o, q–t = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215331/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The cortex encompasses annular and angular collenchyma, and ground parenchyma with cells of different shapes and sizes, some of them with druses, especially near to the phloem, where laticifers were also seen (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFB3D5407FEC9FE2A" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,234,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[159,1415,217,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,190,1809]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cross sections of the midrib of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C.glandulosus L. (k–o), and C.piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the adaxial surface; c, h, m and r. Detail of the abaxial surface; d, i, n and s. Detail of the trichomes and epidermis; e, j, o and t. Vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; pp = palisade parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, b, e, f, i, k, p = 200 µm; c, d, g, h, j, l–o, q–t = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215331/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 4B, C, G, H, L, M, Q, R</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFEC254EAFDD3FE2A" box="[286,531,410,437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFEC254EAFDD3FE2A" box="[286,531,410,437]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Croton piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
has five layers of angular collenchyma on upper surface (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFB7854EBFB3DFE2A" box="[1188,1277,410,436]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,234,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[159,1415,217,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,190,1809]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cross sections of the midrib of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C.glandulosus L. (k–o), and C.piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the adaxial surface; c, h, m and r. Detail of the abaxial surface; d, i, n and s. Detail of the trichomes and epidermis; e, j, o and t. Vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; pp = palisade parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, b, e, f, i, k, p = 200 µm; c, d, g, h, j, l–o, q–t = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215331/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Fig. 4Q</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFACA54EAFAF4FE2A" box="[1302,1332,411,436]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">vs.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
nine in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFA4E54EAFED9FE46" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adamantinus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFA4E54EAFED9FE46" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. adamantinus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFEFB54CFFEBDFE46" box="[295,381,446,472]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,234,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[159,1415,217,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,190,1809]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cross sections of the midrib of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C.glandulosus L. (k–o), and C.piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the adaxial surface; c, h, m and r. Detail of the abaxial surface; d, i, n and s. Detail of the trichomes and epidermis; e, j, o and t. Vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; pp = palisade parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, b, e, f, i, k, p = 200 µm; c, d, g, h, j, l–o, q–t = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215331/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
|||
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|
, two in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFE0454CEFD42FE46" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[472,642,446,473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eremophilus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFE0454CEFD42FE46" box="[472,642,446,473]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. eremophilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFD4D54CFFD29FE46" box="[657,745,446,472]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,234,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[159,1415,217,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,190,1809]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cross sections of the midrib of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C.glandulosus L. (k–o), and C.piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the adaxial surface; c, h, m and r. Detail of the abaxial surface; d, i, n and s. Detail of the trichomes and epidermis; e, j, o and t. Vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; pp = palisade parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, b, e, f, i, k, p = 200 µm; c, d, g, h, j, l–o, q–t = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215331/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
|
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|
|
, and four in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFCA454CEFBE0FE46" authorityName="Linnaeus (1759:" authorityYear="1275" box="[888,1056,446,473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFCA454CEFBE0FE46" box="[888,1056,446,473]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. glandulosus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFBF254CFFB45FE46" box="[1070,1157,446,472]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,234,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[159,1415,217,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,190,1809]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cross sections of the midrib of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C.glandulosus L. (k–o), and C.piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the adaxial surface; c, h, m and r. Detail of the abaxial surface; d, i, n and s. Detail of the trichomes and epidermis; e, j, o and t. Vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; pp = palisade parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, b, e, f, i, k, p = 200 µm; c, d, g, h, j, l–o, q–t = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215331/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Fig. 4L</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). On lower surfaces, three layers of angular collenchyma are present in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFD565492FCFDFE62" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[650,829,482,509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adamantinus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFD565492FCFDFE62" box="[650,829,482,509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. adamantinus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFCAA5492FBD6FE62" box="[886,1046,482,509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eremophilu">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFCAA5492FBD6FE62" box="[886,1046,482,509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. eremophilu</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
s (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFBEE5493FB7AFE62" box="[1074,1210,482,508]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,234,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[159,1415,217,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,190,1809]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cross sections of the midrib of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C.glandulosus L. (k–o), and C.piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the adaxial surface; c, h, m and r. Detail of the abaxial surface; d, i, n and s. Detail of the trichomes and epidermis; e, j, o and t. Vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; pp = palisade parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, b, e, f, i, k, p = 200 µm; c, d, g, h, j, l–o, q–t = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215331/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 4C, H</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), and two or three of annular collenchyma in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFE4E5776FDF9FDBE" authorityName="Linnaeus (1759:" authorityYear="1275" box="[402,569,518,545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFE4E5776FDF9FDBE" box="[402,569,518,545]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. glandulosus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFDB15776FCECFDBE" box="[621,812,518,545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFDB15776FCECFDBE" box="[621,812,518,545]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFCE65777FC02FDBE" box="[826,962,518,544]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,234,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[159,1415,217,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,190,1809]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cross sections of the midrib of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C.glandulosus L. (k–o), and C.piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the adaxial surface; c, h, m and r. Detail of the abaxial surface; d, i, n and s. Detail of the trichomes and epidermis; e, j, o and t. Vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; pp = palisade parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, b, e, f, i, k, p = 200 µm; c, d, g, h, j, l–o, q–t = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215331/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 4M, R</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). All species have a cortex with 4 or 5 layers of ground parenchyma. Palisade parenchyma is noted on both surfaces of the leaf blade in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFB4D575AFAFCFDDA" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[1169,1340,554,581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eremophilus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFB4D575AFAFCFDDA" box="[1169,1340,554,581]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. eremophilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFA91575BFF0EFDF6" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,234,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[159,1415,217,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,190,1809]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cross sections of the midrib of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C.glandulosus L. (k–o), and C.piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the adaxial surface; c, h, m and r. Detail of the abaxial surface; d, i, n and s. Detail of the trichomes and epidermis; e, j, o and t. Vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; pp = palisade parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, b, e, f, i, k, p = 200 µm; c, d, g, h, j, l–o, q–t = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215331/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 4F and G</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
),
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFF3F573EFE4BFDF6" authorityName="Linnaeus (1759:" authorityYear="1275" box="[227,395,590,617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFF3F573EFE4BFDF6" box="[227,395,590,617]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. glandulosus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFE46573FFD86FDF6" box="[410,582,590,616]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,234,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[159,1415,217,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,190,1809]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cross sections of the midrib of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C.glandulosus L. (k–o), and C.piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the adaxial surface; c, h, m and r. Detail of the abaxial surface; d, i, n and s. Detail of the trichomes and epidermis; e, j, o and t. Vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; pp = palisade parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, b, e, f, i, k, p = 200 µm; c, d, g, h, j, l–o, q–t = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215331/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 4K and L</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFD56573EFC89FDF6" box="[650,841,590,617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFD56573EFC89FDF6" box="[650,841,590,617]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFC84573FFBC1FDF6" box="[856,1025,590,616]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,234,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[159,1415,217,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,190,1809]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cross sections of the midrib of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C.glandulosus L. (k–o), and C.piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the adaxial surface; c, h, m and r. Detail of the abaxial surface; d, i, n and s. Detail of the trichomes and epidermis; e, j, o and t. Vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; pp = palisade parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, b, e, f, i, k, p = 200 µm; c, d, g, h, j, l–o, q–t = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215331/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 4P and Q</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), except in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFB5E573EFAF4FDF6" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[1154,1332,590,617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adamantinus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFB5E573EFAF4FDF6" box="[1154,1332,590,617]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. adamantinus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFA9F573FFF5DFD12" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,234,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[159,1415,217,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,190,1809]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cross sections of the midrib of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C.glandulosus L. (k–o), and C.piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the adaxial surface; c, h, m and r. Detail of the abaxial surface; d, i, n and s. Detail of the trichomes and epidermis; e, j, o and t. Vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; pp = palisade parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, b, e, f, i, k, p = 200 µm; c, d, g, h, j, l–o, q–t = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215331/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 4A, B</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The main vascular bundles in the species are collateral (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFCF95703FC20FD12" box="[805,992,626,653]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,234,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[159,1415,217,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,190,1809]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cross sections of the midrib of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C.glandulosus L. (k–o), and C.piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the adaxial surface; c, h, m and r. Detail of the abaxial surface; d, i, n and s. Detail of the trichomes and epidermis; e, j, o and t. Vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; pp = palisade parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, b, e, f, i, k, p = 200 µm; c, d, g, h, j, l–o, q–t = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215331/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 4E, J, O, T</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), however, in a circular closed arch in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFA4E5702FED9FD2E" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adamantinus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFA4E5702FED9FD2E" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. adamantinus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFEF557E7FE6DFD2E" box="[297,429,662,688]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,234,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[159,1415,217,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,190,1809]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cross sections of the midrib of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C.glandulosus L. (k–o), and C.piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the adaxial surface; c, h, m and r. Detail of the abaxial surface; d, i, n and s. Detail of the trichomes and epidermis; e, j, o and t. Vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; pp = palisade parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, b, e, f, i, k, p = 200 µm; c, d, g, h, j, l–o, q–t = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215331/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 4A, E</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) and a semilunar open arch in the others (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFC5357E7FB4AFD2E" box="[911,1162,662,689]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,234,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[159,1415,217,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,190,1809]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cross sections of the midrib of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C.glandulosus L. (k–o), and C.piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the adaxial surface; c, h, m and r. Detail of the abaxial surface; d, i, n and s. Detail of the trichomes and epidermis; e, j, o and t. Vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; pp = palisade parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, b, e, f, i, k, p = 200 µm; c, d, g, h, j, l–o, q–t = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215331/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 4F, J, K, O, P, T</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Two accessory vascular bundles were found only in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFE1C57CAFDB1FD4A" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[448,625,698,725]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adamantinus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFE1C57CAFDB1FD4A" box="[448,625,698,725]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. adamantinus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFD5C57CBFD1AFD4A" box="[640,730,698,724]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,234,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[159,1415,217,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,190,1809]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cross sections of the midrib of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C.glandulosus L. (k–o), and C.piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the adaxial surface; c, h, m and r. Detail of the abaxial surface; d, i, n and s. Detail of the trichomes and epidermis; e, j, o and t. Vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; pp = palisade parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, b, e, f, i, k, p = 200 µm; c, d, g, h, j, l–o, q–t = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215331/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Druses were observed in the cortex (e.g.,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFB6057CBFA82FD4A" box="[1212,1346,698,724]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,234,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[159,1415,217,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,190,1809]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cross sections of the midrib of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C.glandulosus L. (k–o), and C.piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the adaxial surface; c, h, m and r. Detail of the abaxial surface; d, i, n and s. Detail of the trichomes and epidermis; e, j, o and t. Vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; pp = palisade parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, b, e, f, i, k, p = 200 µm; c, d, g, h, j, l–o, q–t = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215331/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 4C, M</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) and pith (e.g.,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFF1557AFFE88FD66" box="[201,328,734,760]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,234,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[159,1415,217,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,190,1809]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cross sections of the midrib of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C.glandulosus L. (k–o), and C.piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the adaxial surface; c, h, m and r. Detail of the abaxial surface; d, i, n and s. Detail of the trichomes and epidermis; e, j, o and t. Vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; pp = palisade parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, b, e, f, i, k, p = 200 µm; c, d, g, h, j, l–o, q–t = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215331/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 4J, O</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Laticifers near phloem occurs in all species (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFC8157AFFB34FD66" box="[861,1268,734,761]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,234,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[159,1415,217,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,190,1809]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cross sections of the midrib of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C.glandulosus L. (k–o), and C.piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the adaxial surface; c, h, m and r. Detail of the abaxial surface; d, i, n and s. Detail of the trichomes and epidermis; e, j, o and t. Vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; pp = palisade parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, b, e, f, i, k, p = 200 µm; c, d, g, h, j, l–o, q–t = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215331/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 4B, C, E, G, H, J, M, O, R, T</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The pith in all species is parenchymatic.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD336A1030CFF9AFF615657FCEFFC6B" blockId="6.[136,1452,158,1985]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFF615657FECCFCDF" bold="true" box="[189,268,806,833]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Petiole</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: In all species they are concavo-convex (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFD3B5657FC6BFCDE" box="[743,939,806,833]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,190,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross sections of the petiole of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C. glandulosus (k–o), and C. piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, trichomes and parenchyma of the adaxial surface; c, m and r. Detail of the accessory vascular bundles; d, i, n and s. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, fibers, phloem, xylem, idioblasts, laticifers, trichomes and parenchyma of the abaxial surface; e, h, j, o and t. Detail of the vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; em = emergences; ep = epidermis; fi = fibers; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; tr = nonglandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; arrows = stomata; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, k = 500 µm; b, c, e, f, j, o, p, t = 200 µm; d, g–i, l–n, q–s = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 5A, F, K, P</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) with ovoid contour in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFB665656FAADFCDE" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[1210,1389,806,833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adamantinus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFB665656FAADFCDE" box="[1210,1389,806,833]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. adamantinus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFAA25657FF6BFCFB" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,190,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross sections of the petiole of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C. glandulosus (k–o), and C. piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, trichomes and parenchyma of the adaxial surface; c, m and r. Detail of the accessory vascular bundles; d, i, n and s. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, fibers, phloem, xylem, idioblasts, laticifers, trichomes and parenchyma of the abaxial surface; e, h, j, o and t. Detail of the vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; em = emergences; ep = epidermis; fi = fibers; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; tr = nonglandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; arrows = stomata; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, k = 500 µm; b, c, e, f, j, o, p, t = 200 µm; d, g–i, l–n, q–s = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) and orbicular in the others (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFE30563BFD49FCFA" box="[492,649,842,869]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,234,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[159,1415,217,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,190,1809]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cross sections of the midrib of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C.glandulosus L. (k–o), and C.piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the adaxial surface; c, h, m and r. Detail of the abaxial surface; d, i, n and s. Detail of the trichomes and epidermis; e, j, o and t. Vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; pp = palisade parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, b, e, f, i, k, p = 200 µm; c, d, g, h, j, l–o, q–t = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215331/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 4F, K, P</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The epidermis has rounded, elliptical, and quadrangular common cells with thin cuticle in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFE83561EFDC6FC16" authorityName="Linnaeus (1759:" authorityYear="1275" box="[351,518,878,905]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFE83561EFDC6FC16" box="[351,518,878,905]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. glandulosus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFDC9561FFD59FC17" box="[533,665,878,905]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,190,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross sections of the petiole of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C. glandulosus (k–o), and C. piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, trichomes and parenchyma of the adaxial surface; c, m and r. Detail of the accessory vascular bundles; d, i, n and s. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, fibers, phloem, xylem, idioblasts, laticifers, trichomes and parenchyma of the abaxial surface; e, h, j, o and t. Detail of the vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; em = emergences; ep = epidermis; fi = fibers; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; tr = nonglandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; arrows = stomata; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, k = 500 µm; b, c, e, f, j, o, p, t = 200 µm; d, g–i, l–n, q–s = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 5L–N</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFD06561EFC59FC16" box="[730,921,878,905]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFD06561EFC59FC16" box="[730,921,878,905]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFC74561FFBE9FC17" box="[936,1065,878,905]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,190,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross sections of the petiole of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C. glandulosus (k–o), and C. piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, trichomes and parenchyma of the adaxial surface; c, m and r. Detail of the accessory vascular bundles; d, i, n and s. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, fibers, phloem, xylem, idioblasts, laticifers, trichomes and parenchyma of the abaxial surface; e, h, j, o and t. Detail of the vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; em = emergences; ep = epidermis; fi = fibers; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; tr = nonglandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; arrows = stomata; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, k = 500 µm; b, c, e, f, j, o, p, t = 200 µm; d, g–i, l–n, q–s = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 5Q–S</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), and thickened in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFB27561EFA6CFC16" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[1275,1452,878,905]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adamantinus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFB27561EFA6CFC16" box="[1275,1452,878,905]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. adamantinus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFF4C56E3FED8FC33" box="[144,280,914,941]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,190,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross sections of the petiole of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C. glandulosus (k–o), and C. piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, trichomes and parenchyma of the adaxial surface; c, m and r. Detail of the accessory vascular bundles; d, i, n and s. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, fibers, phloem, xylem, idioblasts, laticifers, trichomes and parenchyma of the abaxial surface; e, h, j, o and t. Detail of the vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; em = emergences; ep = epidermis; fi = fibers; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; tr = nonglandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; arrows = stomata; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, k = 500 µm; b, c, e, f, j, o, p, t = 200 µm; d, g–i, l–n, q–s = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 5B–D</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFE8256E2FDC9FC32" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[350,521,914,941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eremophilus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFE8256E2FDC9FC32" box="[350,521,914,941]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. eremophilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFDC656E3FD57FC32" box="[538,663,914,941]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,190,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross sections of the petiole of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C. glandulosus (k–o), and C. piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, trichomes and parenchyma of the adaxial surface; c, m and r. Detail of the accessory vascular bundles; d, i, n and s. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, fibers, phloem, xylem, idioblasts, laticifers, trichomes and parenchyma of the abaxial surface; e, h, j, o and t. Detail of the vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; em = emergences; ep = epidermis; fi = fibers; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; tr = nonglandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; arrows = stomata; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, k = 500 µm; b, c, e, f, j, o, p, t = 200 µm; d, g–i, l–n, q–s = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 5G, I</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Subglobose glandular trichomes were observed in all species (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFAAF56E3FECEFC4E" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,190,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross sections of the petiole of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C. glandulosus (k–o), and C. piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, trichomes and parenchyma of the adaxial surface; c, m and r. Detail of the accessory vascular bundles; d, i, n and s. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, fibers, phloem, xylem, idioblasts, laticifers, trichomes and parenchyma of the abaxial surface; e, h, j, o and t. Detail of the vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; em = emergences; ep = epidermis; fi = fibers; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; tr = nonglandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; arrows = stomata; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, k = 500 µm; b, c, e, f, j, o, p, t = 200 µm; d, g–i, l–n, q–s = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 5G, L, N, Q</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), except in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFE5156C6FDFDFC4E" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[397,573,950,977]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adamantinus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFE5156C6FDFDFC4E" box="[397,573,950,977]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. adamantinus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. The epidermis in all species has glandular and non-glandular trichomes, being emergencies also present in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFE1F56AAFD43FC6A" box="[451,643,986,1013]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFE1F56AAFD43FC6A" box="[451,643,986,1013]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(e.g.,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFD1556ABFCE2FC6B" box="[713,802,986,1013]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,190,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross sections of the petiole of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C. glandulosus (k–o), and C. piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, trichomes and parenchyma of the adaxial surface; c, m and r. Detail of the accessory vascular bundles; d, i, n and s. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, fibers, phloem, xylem, idioblasts, laticifers, trichomes and parenchyma of the abaxial surface; e, h, j, o and t. Detail of the vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; em = emergences; ep = epidermis; fi = fibers; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; tr = nonglandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; arrows = stomata; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, k = 500 µm; b, c, e, f, j, o, p, t = 200 µm; d, g–i, l–n, q–s = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Fig. 5Q</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD336A1030CFF9AFF61568FFDB6FB36" blockId="6.[136,1452,158,1985]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">
|
|||
|
|
The cortex comprises angular collenchyma in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFD1F568EFCACFB86" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[707,876,1022,1049]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eremophilus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFD1F568EFCACFB86" box="[707,876,1022,1049]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. eremophilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFCA0568FFC35FB86" box="[892,1013,1022,1049]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,190,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross sections of the petiole of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C. glandulosus (k–o), and C. piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, trichomes and parenchyma of the adaxial surface; c, m and r. Detail of the accessory vascular bundles; d, i, n and s. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, fibers, phloem, xylem, idioblasts, laticifers, trichomes and parenchyma of the abaxial surface; e, h, j, o and t. Detail of the vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; em = emergences; ep = epidermis; fi = fibers; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; tr = nonglandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; arrows = stomata; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, k = 500 µm; b, c, e, f, j, o, p, t = 200 µm; d, g–i, l–n, q–s = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 5G, I</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFBE8568EFB1CFB86" authorityName="Linnaeus (1759:" authorityYear="1275" box="[1076,1244,1022,1049]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFBE8568EFB1CFB86" box="[1076,1244,1022,1049]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. glandulosus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFB37568FFAAEFB86" box="[1259,1390,1022,1049]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,190,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross sections of the petiole of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C. glandulosus (k–o), and C. piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, trichomes and parenchyma of the adaxial surface; c, m and r. Detail of the accessory vascular bundles; d, i, n and s. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, fibers, phloem, xylem, idioblasts, laticifers, trichomes and parenchyma of the abaxial surface; e, h, j, o and t. Detail of the vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; em = emergences; ep = epidermis; fi = fibers; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; tr = nonglandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; arrows = stomata; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, k = 500 µm; b, c, e, f, j, o, p, t = 200 µm; d, g–i, l–n, q–s = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 5L, N</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), and annular in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFEDC5152FE71FBA2" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[256,433,1058,1085]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adamantinus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFEDC5152FE71FBA2" box="[256,433,1058,1085]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. adamantinus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFE1C5153FD83FBA2" box="[448,579,1058,1085]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,190,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross sections of the petiole of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C. glandulosus (k–o), and C. piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, trichomes and parenchyma of the adaxial surface; c, m and r. Detail of the accessory vascular bundles; d, i, n and s. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, fibers, phloem, xylem, idioblasts, laticifers, trichomes and parenchyma of the abaxial surface; e, h, j, o and t. Detail of the vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; em = emergences; ep = epidermis; fi = fibers; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; tr = nonglandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; arrows = stomata; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, k = 500 µm; b, c, e, f, j, o, p, t = 200 µm; d, g–i, l–n, q–s = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 5B, D</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFD5E5152FC81FBA2" box="[642,833,1058,1085]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFD5E5152FC81FBA2" box="[642,833,1058,1085]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFC8C5153FC0FFBA2" box="[848,975,1058,1085]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,190,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross sections of the petiole of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C. glandulosus (k–o), and C. piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, trichomes and parenchyma of the adaxial surface; c, m and r. Detail of the accessory vascular bundles; d, i, n and s. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, fibers, phloem, xylem, idioblasts, laticifers, trichomes and parenchyma of the abaxial surface; e, h, j, o and t. Detail of the vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; em = emergences; ep = epidermis; fi = fibers; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; tr = nonglandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; arrows = stomata; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, k = 500 µm; b, c, e, f, j, o, p, t = 200 µm; d, g–i, l–n, q–s = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 5R, S</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), followed by 10 to 13 and 5 to 7 layers of ground parenchyma on upper and lower surfaces of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFD045136FC4BFBFE" box="[728,907,1094,1121]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andmantinus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFD045136FC4BFBFE" box="[728,907,1094,1121]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. andmantinus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFC405136FC7BFBFE" box="[924,955,1095,1120]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">vs.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
4 or 5 and 3 to 5, in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFB725136FA99FBFE" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[1198,1369,1094,1121]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eremophilus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFB725136FA99FBFE" box="[1198,1369,1094,1121]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. eremophilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFA4E5136FED6FB1A" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFA4E5136FED2FB1A" authorityName="Linnaeus (1759:" authorityYear="1275" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosus">C. glandulosus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and 3 or 4, and
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C949B44030CFF9AFE10511BFDEAFB1A" box="[460,554,1130,1157]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" metricValueMax="2.032" metricValueMin="1.524" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" unit="in" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6 to 8 in</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFDEC511AFD30FB1A" box="[560,752,1130,1157]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFDEC511AFD30FB1A" box="[560,752,1130,1157]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
). Rounded or globose parenchymatic cells are found in cortex of all species (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFEF651FFFDA9FB36" box="[298,617,1166,1193]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,190,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross sections of the petiole of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C. glandulosus (k–o), and C. piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, trichomes and parenchyma of the adaxial surface; c, m and r. Detail of the accessory vascular bundles; d, i, n and s. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, fibers, phloem, xylem, idioblasts, laticifers, trichomes and parenchyma of the abaxial surface; e, h, j, o and t. Detail of the vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; em = emergences; ep = epidermis; fi = fibers; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; tr = nonglandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; arrows = stomata; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, k = 500 µm; b, c, e, f, j, o, p, t = 200 µm; d, g–i, l–n, q–s = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 5B, D, G, I, L, N, Q, S</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD336A1030CFF9AFF6151C3FB5BFA73" blockId="6.[136,1452,158,1985]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">
|
|||
|
|
The vascular bundles are collateral (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFD8351C3FC8DFB52" box="[607,845,1202,1229]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,190,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross sections of the petiole of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C. glandulosus (k–o), and C. piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, trichomes and parenchyma of the adaxial surface; c, m and r. Detail of the accessory vascular bundles; d, i, n and s. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, fibers, phloem, xylem, idioblasts, laticifers, trichomes and parenchyma of the abaxial surface; e, h, j, o and t. Detail of the vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; em = emergences; ep = epidermis; fi = fibers; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; tr = nonglandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; arrows = stomata; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, k = 500 µm; b, c, e, f, j, o, p, t = 200 µm; d, g–i, l–n, q–s = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 5E, J, O and T</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) in closed arc
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFC2651C2FB6FFB52" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[1018,1199,1202,1229]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adamantinus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFC2651C2FB6FFB52" box="[1018,1199,1202,1229]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. adamantinus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFB3651C2FA6CFB52" box="[1258,1452,1202,1229]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFB3651C2FA6CFB52" box="[1258,1452,1202,1229]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFF4C51A7FED4FB6E" box="[144,276,1238,1265]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,190,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross sections of the petiole of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C. glandulosus (k–o), and C. piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, trichomes and parenchyma of the adaxial surface; c, m and r. Detail of the accessory vascular bundles; d, i, n and s. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, fibers, phloem, xylem, idioblasts, laticifers, trichomes and parenchyma of the abaxial surface; e, h, j, o and t. Detail of the vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; em = emergences; ep = epidermis; fi = fibers; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; tr = nonglandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; arrows = stomata; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, k = 500 µm; b, c, e, f, j, o, p, t = 200 µm; d, g–i, l–n, q–s = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 5E, T</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) an open arc in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFE0B51A6FD44FB6E" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[471,644,1238,1265]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eremophilus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFE0B51A6FD44FB6E" box="[471,644,1238,1265]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. eremophilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFD4A51A7FD27FB6F" box="[662,743,1238,1265]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,190,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross sections of the petiole of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C. glandulosus (k–o), and C. piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, trichomes and parenchyma of the adaxial surface; c, m and r. Detail of the accessory vascular bundles; d, i, n and s. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, fibers, phloem, xylem, idioblasts, laticifers, trichomes and parenchyma of the abaxial surface; e, h, j, o and t. Detail of the vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; em = emergences; ep = epidermis; fi = fibers; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; tr = nonglandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; arrows = stomata; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, k = 500 µm; b, c, e, f, j, o, p, t = 200 µm; d, g–i, l–n, q–s = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Fig. 5J</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFCF051A6FC17FB6E" authorityName="Linnaeus (1759:" authorityYear="1275" box="[812,983,1238,1265]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFCF051A6FC17FB6E" box="[812,983,1238,1265]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. glandulosus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFC3551A7FBAAFB6E" box="[1001,1130,1238,1265]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,190,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross sections of the petiole of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C. glandulosus (k–o), and C. piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, trichomes and parenchyma of the adaxial surface; c, m and r. Detail of the accessory vascular bundles; d, i, n and s. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, fibers, phloem, xylem, idioblasts, laticifers, trichomes and parenchyma of the abaxial surface; e, h, j, o and t. Detail of the vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; em = emergences; ep = epidermis; fi = fibers; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; tr = nonglandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; arrows = stomata; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, k = 500 µm; b, c, e, f, j, o, p, t = 200 µm; d, g–i, l–n, q–s = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 5J, O</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) with three or four isolated vascular bundles (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFE84518AFDC2FA8A" authorityName="Linnaeus (1759:" authorityYear="1275" box="[344,514,1274,1301]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFE84518AFDC2FA8A" box="[344,514,1274,1301]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. glandulosus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFDD7518BFDA6FA8B" box="[523,614,1274,1301]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,190,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross sections of the petiole of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C. glandulosus (k–o), and C. piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, trichomes and parenchyma of the adaxial surface; c, m and r. Detail of the accessory vascular bundles; d, i, n and s. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, fibers, phloem, xylem, idioblasts, laticifers, trichomes and parenchyma of the abaxial surface; e, h, j, o and t. Detail of the vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; em = emergences; ep = epidermis; fi = fibers; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; tr = nonglandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; arrows = stomata; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, k = 500 µm; b, c, e, f, j, o, p, t = 200 µm; d, g–i, l–n, q–s = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Fig. 5O</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The pericycle is parenchymatous in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFBC7518AFB06FA8A" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[1051,1222,1274,1301]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eremophilus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFBC7518AFB06FA8A" box="[1051,1222,1274,1301]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. eremophilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFADD518AFA6BFA8A" authorityName="Linnaeus (1759:" authorityYear="1275" box="[1281,1451,1274,1301]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFADD518AFA6BFA8A" box="[1281,1451,1274,1301]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. glandulosus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFF4C506FFE94FAA6" box="[144,340,1310,1337]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,190,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross sections of the petiole of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C. glandulosus (k–o), and C. piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, trichomes and parenchyma of the adaxial surface; c, m and r. Detail of the accessory vascular bundles; d, i, n and s. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, fibers, phloem, xylem, idioblasts, laticifers, trichomes and parenchyma of the abaxial surface; e, h, j, o and t. Detail of the vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; em = emergences; ep = epidermis; fi = fibers; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; tr = nonglandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; arrows = stomata; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, k = 500 µm; b, c, e, f, j, o, p, t = 200 µm; d, g–i, l–n, q–s = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 5H, J, M, O</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) and sclerenchymatous in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFDA2506EFCEFFAA6" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[638,815,1310,1337]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adamantinus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFDA2506EFCEFFAA6" box="[638,815,1310,1337]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. adamantinus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFCB9506EFBE4FAA6" box="[869,1060,1310,1337]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFCB9506EFBE4FAA6" box="[869,1060,1310,1337]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFBEF506FFB33FAA6" box="[1075,1267,1310,1337]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,190,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross sections of the petiole of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C. glandulosus (k–o), and C. piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, trichomes and parenchyma of the adaxial surface; c, m and r. Detail of the accessory vascular bundles; d, i, n and s. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, fibers, phloem, xylem, idioblasts, laticifers, trichomes and parenchyma of the abaxial surface; e, h, j, o and t. Detail of the vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; em = emergences; ep = epidermis; fi = fibers; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; tr = nonglandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; arrows = stomata; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, k = 500 µm; b, c, e, f, j, o, p, t = 200 µm; d, g–i, l–n, q–s = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 5C, E, R, T</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Two accessory vascular bundles are found on upper surfaces of
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFD725032FBD7FAC2" box="[686,1047,1346,1373]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFD725032FCA3FAC2" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[686,867,1346,1373]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adamantinus">C. adamantinus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFCB35032FBD7FAC2" authorityName="Linnaeus (1759:" authorityYear="1275" box="[879,1047,1346,1373]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosus">C. glandulosus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFB8C5032FAD1FAC2" box="[1104,1297,1346,1373]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFB8C5032FAD1FAC2" box="[1104,1297,1346,1373]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFAFC5033FF1EFA1E" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,190,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross sections of the petiole of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C. glandulosus (k–o), and C. piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, trichomes and parenchyma of the adaxial surface; c, m and r. Detail of the accessory vascular bundles; d, i, n and s. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, fibers, phloem, xylem, idioblasts, laticifers, trichomes and parenchyma of the abaxial surface; e, h, j, o and t. Detail of the vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; em = emergences; ep = epidermis; fi = fibers; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; tr = nonglandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; arrows = stomata; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, k = 500 µm; b, c, e, f, j, o, p, t = 200 µm; d, g–i, l–n, q–s = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 5A, C, M, P, R</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The pith has six to eight layers of cells in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFD615016FCAEFA1E" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[701,878,1382,1409]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adamantinus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFD615016FCAEFA1E" box="[701,878,1382,1409]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. adamantinus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFC7E5016FB89FA1E" authorityName="Linnaeus (1759:" authorityYear="1275" box="[930,1097,1382,1409]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFC7E5016FB89FA1E" box="[930,1097,1382,1409]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. glandulosus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFB845017FADDFA1E" box="[1112,1309,1382,1409]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,190,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross sections of the petiole of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C. glandulosus (k–o), and C. piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, trichomes and parenchyma of the adaxial surface; c, m and r. Detail of the accessory vascular bundles; d, i, n and s. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, fibers, phloem, xylem, idioblasts, laticifers, trichomes and parenchyma of the abaxial surface; e, h, j, o and t. Detail of the vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; em = emergences; ep = epidermis; fi = fibers; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; tr = nonglandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; arrows = stomata; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, k = 500 µm; b, c, e, f, j, o, p, t = 200 µm; d, g–i, l–n, q–s = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 5A, E, K, O</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), and four or five in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFF0450FAFE42FA3A" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[216,386,1418,1445]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eremophilus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFF0450FAFE42FA3A" box="[216,386,1418,1445]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. eremophilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFE6650FAFDBAFA3A" box="[442,634,1418,1445]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFE6650FAFDBAFA3A" box="[442,634,1418,1445]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFD5650FBFCFBFA3A" box="[650,827,1418,1445]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,190,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross sections of the petiole of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C. glandulosus (k–o), and C. piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, trichomes and parenchyma of the adaxial surface; c, m and r. Detail of the accessory vascular bundles; d, i, n and s. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, fibers, phloem, xylem, idioblasts, laticifers, trichomes and parenchyma of the abaxial surface; e, h, j, o and t. Detail of the vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; em = emergences; ep = epidermis; fi = fibers; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; tr = nonglandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; arrows = stomata; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, k = 500 µm; b, c, e, f, j, o, p, t = 200 µm; d, g–i, l–n, q–s = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 5F, J, P, T</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Laticifers are found in cortex of all species (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFA9E50FBFEBFFA56" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,190,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross sections of the petiole of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C. glandulosus (k–o), and C. piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, trichomes and parenchyma of the adaxial surface; c, m and r. Detail of the accessory vascular bundles; d, i, n and s. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, fibers, phloem, xylem, idioblasts, laticifers, trichomes and parenchyma of the abaxial surface; e, h, j, o and t. Detail of the vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; em = emergences; ep = epidermis; fi = fibers; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; tr = nonglandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; arrows = stomata; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, k = 500 µm; b, c, e, f, j, o, p, t = 200 µm; d, g–i, l–n, q–s = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 5D, E, H, J, L, M, O, S, T</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), while druses are found in the pith of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFCEF50DEFC1DFA56" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[819,989,1454,1481]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eremophilus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFCEF50DEFC1DFA56" box="[819,989,1454,1481]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. eremophilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFBC950DEFB7DFA56" authorityName="Linnaeus (1759:" authorityYear="1275" box="[1045,1213,1454,1481]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFBC950DEFB7DFA56" box="[1045,1213,1454,1481]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. glandulosus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFB1150DFFAAEFA56" box="[1229,1390,1454,1481]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,190,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross sections of the petiole of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C. glandulosus (k–o), and C. piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, trichomes and parenchyma of the adaxial surface; c, m and r. Detail of the accessory vascular bundles; d, i, n and s. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, fibers, phloem, xylem, idioblasts, laticifers, trichomes and parenchyma of the abaxial surface; e, h, j, o and t. Detail of the vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; em = emergences; ep = epidermis; fi = fibers; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; tr = nonglandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; arrows = stomata; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, k = 500 µm; b, c, e, f, j, o, p, t = 200 µm; d, g–i, l–n, q–s = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 5H, J, O</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), and in the cortex of some of them (e.g.,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFDC550A3FDB0FA73" box="[537,624,1490,1517]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,190,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross sections of the petiole of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C. glandulosus (k–o), and C. piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, trichomes and parenchyma of the adaxial surface; c, m and r. Detail of the accessory vascular bundles; d, i, n and s. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, fibers, phloem, xylem, idioblasts, laticifers, trichomes and parenchyma of the abaxial surface; e, h, j, o and t. Detail of the vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; em = emergences; ep = epidermis; fi = fibers; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; tr = nonglandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; arrows = stomata; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, k = 500 µm; b, c, e, f, j, o, p, t = 200 µm; d, g–i, l–n, q–s = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 5I</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, L-N, S), except in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFC9050A2FC3EFA72" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[844,1022,1490,1517]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adamantinus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFC9050A2FC3EFA72" box="[844,1022,1490,1517]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. adamantinus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13572A24030CFF9AFBD150A3FB99FA73" box="[1037,1113,1490,1517]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,190,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross sections of the petiole of Croton adamantinus (a–e), C. eremophilus (f–j), C. glandulosus (k–o), and C. piriquetifolius (p–t). a, f, k and p. General aspect; b, g, l and q. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, trichomes and parenchyma of the adaxial surface; c, m and r. Detail of the accessory vascular bundles; d, i, n and s. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, fibers, phloem, xylem, idioblasts, laticifers, trichomes and parenchyma of the abaxial surface; e, h, j, o and t. Detail of the vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; em = emergences; ep = epidermis; fi = fibers; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; tr = nonglandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; arrows = stomata; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers. Scales: a, k = 500 µm; b, c, e, f, j, o, p, t = 200 µm; d, g–i, l–n, q–s = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
B-D).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD336A1030CFF9AFF615087FB6AF95A" blockId="6.[136,1452,158,1985]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">
|
|||
|
|
The anatomical characteristics of the species studied repeat those found in other species of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFB175086FAD9F98F" authorityName="Linnaeus (1753:" authorityYear="1004" box="[1227,1305,1527,1553]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFB175086FAD9F98F" box="[1227,1305,1527,1553]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Croton</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and or other genera of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFF27536BFE61F9AA" box="[251,417,1562,1588]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B50030CFF9AFE6D536BFDA1F9AA" author="Solereder" box="[433,609,1562,1588]" firstAuthor="Solereder" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" refId="ref10592" refString="Solereder, H. (1908) Systematic anatomy of the dicotyledons. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1182 pp." type="book" year="1908">Solereder 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B50030CFF9AFDB1536BFCBEF9AA" author="Metcalfe & Chalk" box="[621,894,1562,1588]" firstAuthor="Metcalfe" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" refId="ref8784" refString="Metcalfe, C. R. & Chalk, L. (1983) Anatomy of the dicotyledons. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 297 pp." type="book" year="1983">Metcalfe & Chalk 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B50030CFF9AFC56536BFB9BF9AA" author="Freitas" box="[906,1115,1562,1588]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Freitas" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" pagination="267 - 277" refId="ref7898" refString="Freitas, L., Bernardello, G., Galetto, L. & Paoli, A. A. S. (2001) Nectaries and reproductive biology of Croton sarcopetalus (Euphorbiaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 136: 267 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.2001. tb 00572. x" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
|||
|
|
Freitas
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFC02536AFBD8F9AA" box="[990,1048,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2001
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B50030CFF9AFCB7534FFC66F9C6" author="Sodre, R. C. & Alonso, A. A. & Silva, M. J." box="[875,934,1598,1624]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" refId="ref9979" refString="Sodre, R. C., Alonso, A. A. & Silva, M. J. (2022) Revised delimitation of Croton campestris (Euphorbiaceae), including description of two new species, molecular phylogenetic, anatomical and micromorphological data. Acta Botanica Brasilica 36: e 2021 abb 0163. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 0102 - 33062021 abb 0163" type="journal volume" year="2022">2022</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B50030CFF9AFC6E534FFB57F9C6" author="Sodre & Silva" box="[946,1175,1598,1624]" firstAuthor="Sodre" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" pagination="207 - 239" refId="ref10383" refString="Sodre, R. C. & Silva, M. J. (2020) A taxonomic reassessment of Croton grandivelus, including recognition of a new species, C. insignis, and the redefinition of C. fulvus (Euphorbiaceae). Phytotaxa 472 (3): 207 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 472.3.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Sodré & Silva 2020</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B50030CFF9AFB78534FFB1FF9C6" author="Sodre, R. C. & Silva, M. J." box="[1188,1247,1598,1624]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" pagination="14 - 38" refId="ref10450" refString="Sodre, R. C. & Silva, M. J. (2022) Croton sertanejus, a new species from Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in Brazil, and redescription of C. echioides (Euphorbiaceae). European Journal of Taxonomy 839: 14 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2022.839.1929" type="journal article" year="2022">2022</bibRefCitation>
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2023
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</bibRefCitation>
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), with some of them (e.g., presence of tiny substomatal chambers, emergencies, fibers associated with the phloem, hypostomatic leaves, densely hairy leaves, presence of phenolic compounds) related to xeromorphic environments (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B50030CFF9AFF4C53DBFEB5F95A" author="Fahn & Cutler" box="[144,373,1706,1732]" firstAuthor="Fahn" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" refId="ref7804" refString="Fahn, A. & Cutler, D. F. (1992) Xerophytes. Gebruder Borntraeger, Berlin, 176 pp." type="book" year="1992">Fahn & Cutler 1992</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B50030CFF9AFE5C53DBFD0BF95A" author="Sandquist & Ehleringer" box="[384,715,1706,1732]" firstAuthor="Sandquist" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" pagination="635 - 644" refId="ref9761" refString="Sandquist, D. R. & Ehleringer, J. R. (1997) Intraspecific variation of leaf pubescence and drought response in Encelia farinosa associated with contrasting desert environments. New Phytologist 135: 635 - 644. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1469 - 8137.1997.00697. x" type="journal article" year="1997">Sandquist & Ehleringer 1997</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B50030CFF9AFD0A53DBFC75F95A" author="Bieras & Sajo" box="[726,949,1706,1732]" firstAuthor="Bieras" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" pagination="451 - 471" refId="ref7067" refString="Bieras, A. C. & Sajo, M. G. (2009) Leaf structure of the cerrado (Brazilian savanna) woody plants. Trees 23: 451 - 471. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00468 - 008 - 0295 - 7" type="journal article" year="2009">Bieras & Sajo 2009</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B50030CFF9AFC6353DBFB5EF95A" author="Vitarelli" box="[959,1182,1706,1732]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Vitarelli" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" pagination="23 - 35" refId="ref10787" refString="Vitarelli, N. C., Riina, R., Cassino, M. F. & Meira, R. M. S. A. (2016) Trichome-like emergences in Croton of Brazilian highland rock outcrops: evidence for atmospheric water uptake. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 22: 23 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ppees. 2016.07.002" type="journal article" year="2016">
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Vitarelli
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<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFBFE53DAFB9AF95A" box="[1058,1114,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">et al.</emphasis>
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2016
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD336A1030CFF9AFF6153BFFE8DF85E" blockId="6.[136,1452,158,1985]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">
|
|||
|
|
Stomata located on the abaxial surface act to reduce excessive water loss (
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B50030CFF9AFBCD53BFFB6CF976" author="Pyykko" box="[1041,1196,1742,1768]" firstAuthor="Pyykko" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" pagination="453 - 622" refId="ref9266" refString="Pyykko, M. (1966) The leaf anatomy of East Patagonian xerophytic plants. Annales Botanici Fennici 3: 453 - 622." type="journal article" year="1966">Pyykkö 1966</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B50030CFF9AFB6553BFFAA2F976" author="Dickison" box="[1209,1378,1742,1768]" firstAuthor="Dickison" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" refId="ref7590" refString="Dickison, W. C. (2000) Integrative plant anatomy. Academic Press, San Diego, 533 pp." type="book" year="2000">Dickison 2000</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B50030CFF9AFAB353BEFF04F892" author="Evert" firstAuthor="Evert" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" refId="ref7689" refString="Evert, R. F. (2006) Esau's plant anatomy: meristems, cells and tissues of the plant body: their structure, function and development. 3 rd ed. Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, 601 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / 0470047380" type="book" year="2006">Evert 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), thickened cuticle acting to reduce the loss of water by evapotranspiration, minimizing the heating of the leaf surface (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B50030CFF9AFF345267FE28F8AE" author="Cen & Bornman" box="[232,488,1814,1841]" firstAuthor="Cen" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" pagination="249 - 255" refId="ref7456" refString="Cen, Y. & Bornman, J. F. (1993) The effect of exposure to enhanced UV-B radiation on the penetration of monochromatic and polychromatic UV-B radiation in leaves of Brassica napus. Physiologia Plantarum 87: 249 - 255. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1399 - 3054.1993. tb 01727. x" type="journal article" year="1993">Cen & Bornman 1993</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B50030CFF9AFE285267FD4FF8AE" author="Larcher" box="[500,655,1814,1840]" firstAuthor="Larcher" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" refId="ref8582" refString="Larcher, W. (2006) Ecofisiologia Vegetal. 3 ª ed. Editora RiMa. Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, 529 pp." type="book" year="2006">Larcher 2006</bibRefCitation>
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|||
|
|
), as well as makes it difficult for pathogens and herbivores (
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B50030CFF9AFAE55267FED6F8CA" author="Juniper & Jeffree" firstAuthor="Juniper" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" refId="ref8385" refString="Juniper, B. E. & Jeffree, C. (1983) Plant surfaces. Edward Arnold Pub, London, 93 pp." type="book" year="1983">Juniper & Jeffree 1983</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B50030CFF9AFEFD524BFE04F8CA" author="Mauseth" box="[289,452,1850,1876]" firstAuthor="Mauseth" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" refId="ref8758" refString="Mauseth, J. D. (1988) Plant anatomy. The Benjamin Cummings Publishing Company, Inc., California, 560 pp." type="book" year="1988">Mauseth 1988</bibRefCitation>
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|||
|
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,
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B50030CFF9AFE0C524BFD6AF8CA" author="Heredia" box="[464,682,1850,1876]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Heredia" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" pagination="293 - 305" refId="ref8138" refString="Heredia, A., Casado, C. G., Laguna, L., Reina, J. J., Serrano, J. M. & Dominguez, E. (1998) La cuticula vegetal: estructura y funciones. Ecology 12: 293 - 305." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
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|
|
Heredia
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFDEC524AFDA8F8CA" box="[560,616,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
1998
|
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|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
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|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B50030CFF9AFD6A524BFC43F8CA" author="Castro" box="[694,899,1850,1876]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Castro" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" refId="ref7415" refString="Castro, E. M., Pereira, F. J. & Paiva, R. (2009) Histologia Vegetal: Estrutura e funcao de orgaos vegetativos. UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 234 pp." type="book" year="2009">
|
|||
|
|
Castro
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFCDA524AFCFFF8CA" box="[774,831,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2009
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). On the other hand, stomata present on both leaf surfaces, as in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030CFF9AFEEC522EFE19F8E6" authorityName="Linnaeus (1759:" authorityYear="1275" box="[304,473,1886,1913]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFEEC522EFE19F8E6" box="[304,473,1886,1913]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. glandulosus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, a species that grows in open areas, exposure to the light on very humid soils, acts by enabling an increase in photosynthetic rate, high leaf conductance CO
|
|||
|
|
<superScript id="7C199BE9030CFF9AFC7552F3FC71F80E" attach="left" box="[937,945,1922,1936]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">2</superScript>
|
|||
|
|
, promoting a rapid growth (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B50030CFF9AFB2A52F3FA67F802" author="Parkhurst" box="[1270,1447,1922,1948]" firstAuthor="Parkhurst" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" pagination="367 - 383" refId="ref9072" refString="Parkhurst, D. F. (1978) The adaptive significance of stomatal occurrence on one or both surfaces of leaves. Journal of Ecology 66: 367 - 383. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2259142" type="journal article" year="1978">Parkhurst 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B50030CFF9AFF5452D6FE81F85E" author="Mott" box="[136,321,1958,1985]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mott" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" pagination="455 - 460" refId="ref8811" refString="Mott, K. A., Gibson, A. C. & O'Leary, J. W. (1982) The adaptative significance of amphistomatic leaves. Plant, Cell & Environment 5: 455 - 460. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1365 - 3040. ep 11611750" type="journal article" year="1982">
|
|||
|
|
Mott
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030CFF9AFF1A52D6FF3EF85E" box="[198,254,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
1982
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="DF136629030DFF9BFF545258FBF3F851" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215331" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13215331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215331/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" startId="7.[136,234,1833,1855]" targetBox="[159,1415,217,1807]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD336A1030DFF9BFF545258FBF3F851" blockId="7.[136,1452,1833,1999]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030DFF9BFF545258FEC1F8A0" bold="true" box="[136,257,1833,1855]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Cross sections of the midrib of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030DFF9BFDF4525BFD2BF8A0" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[552,747,1833,1855]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adamantinus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030DFF9BFDF4525BFD2BF8A0" box="[552,747,1833,1855]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Croton adamantinus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030DFF9BFD24525BFCDAF8A1" bold="true" box="[760,794,1834,1855]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">a–e</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
),
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030DFF9BFCF0525BFC7DF8A0" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[812,957,1833,1855]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eremophilus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030DFF9BFCF0525BFC7DF8A0" box="[812,957,1833,1855]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">C. eremophilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030DFF9BFC155258FC24F8A1" bold="true" box="[969,996,1833,1855]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">f–j</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
),
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030DFF9BFC2B525BFB45F8A0" authorityName="Linnaeus (1759:" authorityYear="1275" box="[1015,1157,1833,1855]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030DFF9BFC2B525BFB45F8A0" box="[1015,1157,1833,1855]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">C. glandulosus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
L. (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030DFF9BFB77525BFB0FF8A1" bold="true" box="[1195,1231,1834,1855]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">k–o</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
), and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D22030DFF9BFAD5525BFA6BF8A0" box="[1289,1451,1833,1855]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030DFF9BFAD5525BFA6BF8A0" box="[1289,1451,1833,1855]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">C. piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030DFF9BFF4C523FFF71F8FD" bold="true" box="[144,177,1870,1891]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">p–t</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030DFF9BFF1A523FFEC0F8FD" bold="true" box="[198,256,1869,1891]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">a, f, k</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030DFF9BFEEC523FFEFDF8FD" bold="true" box="[304,317,1870,1891]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">p</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. General aspect;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030DFF9BFE3A523FFDE0F8FD" bold="true" box="[486,544,1870,1891]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">b, g, l</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030DFF9BFD93523FFD9CF8FD" bold="true" box="[591,604,1870,1891]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">q</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Detail of the adaxial surface;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030DFF9BFC5B523FFC0CF8FD" bold="true" box="[903,972,1870,1891]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">c, h, m</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030DFF9BFC20523FFBC7F8FD" bold="true" box="[1020,1031,1870,1891]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">r</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Detail of the abaxial surface;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030DFF9BFAEE523FFAACF8FD" bold="true" box="[1330,1388,1869,1891]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">d, i, n</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030DFF9BFA40523FFA65F8FD" bold="true" box="[1436,1445,1870,1891]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">s</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Detail of the trichomes and epidermis;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030DFF9BFDD95203FDFDF819" bold="true" box="[517,573,1905,1927]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">e, j, o</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030DFF9BFDB25203FDB6F819" bold="true" box="[622,630,1906,1927]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">t</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; ep = epidermis; gt = glandular trichome; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; pp = palisade parenchyma; tr = non-glandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB3030DFF9BFE1152C8FDCCF851" bold="true" box="[461,524,1977,1999]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Scales</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: a, b, e, f, i, k, p = 200 µm; c, d, g, h, j, l–o, q–t = 50 µm.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="DF1366290302FF94FF545260FD49F861" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215335" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13215335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215335/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" startId="8.[136,234,1809,1831]" targetBox="[158,1436,190,1781]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD336A10302FF94FF545260FD49F861" blockId="8.[136,1452,1809,2047]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30302FF94FF545260FEC2F8B9" bold="true" box="[136,258,1809,1831]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Cross sections of the petiole of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D220302FF94FDEF5263FD38F8B8" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[563,760,1809,1831]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adamantinus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30302FF94FDEF5263FD38F8B8" box="[563,760,1809,1831]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Croton adamantinus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30302FF94FCD95263FCE8F8B9" bold="true" box="[773,808,1810,1831]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">a–e</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
),
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D220302FF94FCE75263FC0DF8B8" authorityName="Muller Argoviensis" authorityYear="1873" box="[827,973,1809,1831]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eremophilus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30302FF94FCE75263FC0DF8B8" box="[827,973,1809,1831]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">C. eremophilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30302FF94FC065260FC36F8B9" bold="true" box="[986,1014,1809,1831]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">f–j</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
),
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D220302FF94FBD65263FB59F8B8" authorityName="Linnaeus (1759:" authorityYear="1275" box="[1034,1177,1809,1831]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30302FF94FBD65263FB59F8B8" box="[1034,1177,1809,1831]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">C. glandulosus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30302FF94FB7B5263FB0CF8B9" bold="true" box="[1191,1228,1810,1831]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">k–o</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
), and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D220302FF94FAD45263FA6BF8B8" box="[1288,1451,1809,1831]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piriquetifolius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30302FF94FAD45263FA6BF8B8" box="[1288,1451,1809,1831]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">C. piriquetifolius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30302FF94FF4C5247FF71F8D5" bold="true" box="[144,177,1846,1867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">p–t</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30302FF94FF195247FF3EF8D5" bold="true" box="[197,254,1845,1867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">a, f, k</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30302FF94FEF15247FEFAF8D5" bold="true" box="[301,314,1846,1867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">p</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. General aspect;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30302FF94FE3D5247FDD9F8D5" bold="true" box="[481,537,1846,1867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">b, g, l</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30302FF94FD9B5247FD94F8D5" bold="true" box="[583,596,1846,1867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">q</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, trichomes and parenchyma of the adaxial surface;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30302FF94FF54522BFF72F8F1" bold="true" box="[136,178,1882,1903]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">c, m</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30302FF94FF3C522BFF2BF8F1" bold="true" box="[224,235,1882,1903]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">r</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Detail of the accessory vascular bundles;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30302FF94FD5F522BFD7BF8F1" bold="true" box="[643,699,1881,1903]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">d, i, n</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30302FF94FD35522BFD32F8F1" bold="true" box="[745,754,1882,1903]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">s</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Detail of the epidermis, collenchyma, fibers, phloem, xylem, idioblasts, laticifers, trichomes and parenchyma of the abaxial surface;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30302FF94FD3C520FFCF7F80D" bold="true" box="[736,823,1917,1939]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">e, h, j, o</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30302FF94FCB7520FFCB3F80D" bold="true" box="[875,883,1918,1939]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">t</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Detail of the vascular bundles. co = collenchyma; em = emergences; ep = epidermis; fi = fibers; gt = glandular trichome; id = idioblasts; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; tr = nonglandular trichome; vb = vascular bundles; xy = xylem; arrows = stomata; yellow arrowhead = druse; * = laticifers.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30302FF94FB0A52B4FAD5F845" bold="true" box="[1238,1301,1989,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Scales</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: a, k = 500 µm; b, c, e, f, j, o, p, t = 200 µm; d, g–i, l–n, q–s = 50 µm.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD336A10303FF95FF6155EFFBDFFEF2" blockId="9.[136,1452,158,832]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">
|
|||
|
|
The glandular and non-glandular trichomes, and/or emergencies found in the species studied act in protection against herbivores (e.g.,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FE4055B3FD90FF42" author="Gutschick" box="[412,592,194,220]" firstAuthor="Gutschick" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" pagination="3 - 18" refId="ref8074" refString="Gutschick, V. P. (1999) Biotic and abiotic consequences of differences in leaf structure. New Phytologist 143: 3 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1469 - 8137.1999.00423. x" type="journal article" year="1999">Gutschick 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FD8755B3FD2FFF42" author="Werker" box="[603,751,194,220]" firstAuthor="Werker" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 35" refId="ref10929" refString="Werker, E. (2000) Trichome diversity and development. Advances in Botanical Research 31: 1 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0065 - 2296 (00) 31005 - 9" type="journal article" year="2000">Werker 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FD2655B3FC7CFF42" author="Tozin" box="[762,956,194,220]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tozin" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" pagination="446 - 457" refId="ref10662" refString="Tozin, L. R. S., Silva, S. C. M. & Rodrigues, T. M. (2016) Non-glandular trichomes in Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae species: morphological and histochemical features indicate more than physical protection. New Zealand Journal of Botany 54: 446 - 457. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0028825 X. 2016.1205107" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
|||
|
|
Tozin
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30303FF95FC9D55B2FCBAFF42" box="[833,890,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2016
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FC1B55B3FB32FF42" author="Karabourniotis" box="[967,1266,194,220]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Karabourniotis" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref8467" refString="Karabourniotis, G., Liakopoulos, G., Nikolopoulos, D. & Bresta, P. (2020) Protective and defensive roles of non-glandular trichomes against multiple stresses: structure - function coordination. Journal of Forestry Research 31: 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11676 - 019 - 01034 - 4" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
|||
|
|
Karabourniotis
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30303FF95FBAA55B2FB6FFF42" box="[1142,1199,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2020
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), in reduction of the fraction of radiation absorbed by leaves (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FDA45597FD33FE9E" author="Fahn" box="[632,755,230,256]" firstAuthor="Fahn" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" pagination="631 - 637" refId="ref7763" refString="Fahn, A. (1986) Structural and functional properties of trichomes of xeromorphic leaves. Annals of Botany 57: 631 - 637. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / oxfordjournals. aob. a 087146" type="journal article" year="1986">Fahn 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FD225597FBA0FE9E" author="Karabourniotis & Fasseas" box="[766,1120,230,257]" firstAuthor="Karabourniotis" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" pagination="347 - 351" refId="ref8411" refString="Karabourniotis, G. & Fasseas, C. (1996) The dense indumentum with its polyphenol content may replace the protective role of the epidermis in some young xeromorphic leaves. Canadian Journal of Botany 74: 347 - 351. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / b 96 - 043" type="journal article" year="1996">Karabourniotis & Fasseas 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), in protection of stomata and reduction of water loss by evapotranspiration (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FD4B547BFCD5FEBA" author="Fahn" box="[663,789,266,292]" firstAuthor="Fahn" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" pagination="631 - 637" refId="ref7763" refString="Fahn, A. (1986) Structural and functional properties of trichomes of xeromorphic leaves. Annals of Botany 57: 631 - 637. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / oxfordjournals. aob. a 087146" type="journal article" year="1986">Fahn 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), and chemical defense, in the case of glandular trichomes (e.g.,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FF1B545FFE8AFED6" author="Levin" box="[199,330,302,328]" firstAuthor="Levin" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" pagination="3 - 15" refId="ref8608" refString="Levin, D. A. (1973) The role of trichomes in plants defense. The Quarterly Review of Biology 48: 3 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 407484" type="journal article" year="1973">Levin 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FE8F545FFCCCFED6" author="Weryszko-Chmielewska & Chwil" box="[339,780,302,328]" firstAuthor="Weryszko-Chmielewska" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" pagination="25 - 32" refId="ref10970" refString="Weryszko-Chmielewska, E. & Chwil, M. (2014) Structures of Heracleum sosnovskii Manden. Stem and leaves releasing photodermatosiscausing substances. Acta Agrobotanica 67: 25 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.5586 / aa. 2014.057" type="journal article" year="2014">Weryszko-Chmielewska & Chwil 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FCCA545FFC14FED6" author="Tozin" box="[790,980,302,328]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tozin" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" pagination="446 - 457" refId="ref10662" refString="Tozin, L. R. S., Silva, S. C. M. & Rodrigues, T. M. (2016) Non-glandular trichomes in Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae species: morphological and histochemical features indicate more than physical protection. New Zealand Journal of Botany 54: 446 - 457. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0028825 X. 2016.1205107" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
|||
|
|
Tozin
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30303FF95FC80545EFC53FED6" box="[860,915,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2016
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FC02545FFB7CFED6" author="Dmitruk" box="[990,1212,302,328]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Dmitruk" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" pagination="701 - 715" refId="ref7612" refString="Dmitruk, M., Sulborska, A., Zuraw, B., Stawiarz, E. & Weryszko-Chmielewska, E. (2019) Sites of secretion of bioactive compounds in leaves of Dracocephalum moldavica L.: anatomical, histochemical, and essential oil study. Brazilian Journal of Botany 42: 701 - 715. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 40415 - 019 - 00559 - 6" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
|||
|
|
Dmitruk
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30303FF95FB9F545EFBBBFED6" box="[1091,1147,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2019
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FB1A545FFF04FEF2" author="Karabourniotis" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Karabourniotis" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref8467" refString="Karabourniotis, G., Liakopoulos, G., Nikolopoulos, D. & Bresta, P. (2020) Protective and defensive roles of non-glandular trichomes against multiple stresses: structure - function coordination. Journal of Forestry Research 31: 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11676 - 019 - 01034 - 4" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
|||
|
|
Karabourniotis
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30303FF95FAA8545EFA6CFED6" box="[1396,1452,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2020
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), as reported to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D220303FF95FEAB5422FCCBFEF2" authority="Burchell (1824: 263)" authorityName="Burchell" authorityPageNumber="263" authorityYear="1824" box="[375,779,338,365]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gratissimus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30303FF95FEAB5422FDD8FEF2" box="[375,536,339,365]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">C. gratissimus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FDFC5423FCCBFEF2" author="Burchell" box="[544,779,338,364]" firstAuthor="Burchell" page="263" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" refId="ref7136" refString="Burchell, W. J. (1824) Travels in the interior of Southern Africa 2. Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, London, 648 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 109918" type="book" year="1824">Burchell (1824: 263)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FCE85423FBDBFEF2" author="Naidoo" box="[820,1051,338,364]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Naidoo" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" pagination="772 - 791" refId="ref8913" refString="Naidoo, D., Naidoo, Y., Naidoo, G., Kianersi, F. & Dewir, Y. H. (2023) Histochemical analysis and ultrastructure of trichomes and laticifers of Croton gratissimus Burch. var. gratissimus (Euphorbiaceae). Plants 12: 772 - 791. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / plants 12040772" type="journal article" year="2023">
|
|||
|
|
Naidoo
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30303FF95FC525422FC06FEF2" box="[910,966,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(2023)
|
|||
|
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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|
<paragraph id="8BD336A10303FF95FF615407FC40FD4A" blockId="9.[136,1452,158,832]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">
|
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|
|
Palisade parenchyma reaching more than half the length of the mesophyll facilitates the distribution of solar rays, helps the maintenance of the latter, and dynamizes the flow of substances (DeLucia
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30303FF95FBEF54EAFBABFE2A" box="[1075,1131,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
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1996,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FB6B54EBFA60FE2A" author="Carvalho" box="[1207,1440,410,436]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carvalho" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" refId="ref7341" refString="Carvalho, C. R. V., Soares, E. K. S. & Oliveira, A. B. (2019) Morfoanatomia foliar de Copaifera sabulicola J. A. S. Costa & L. P. Queiroz: uma planta com potencial medicinal. Hoehnea 46: e 192018. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 2236 - 8906 - 19 / 2018" type="journal volume" year="2019">
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Carvalho
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<emphasis id="B918EAB30303FF95FAF854EAFA9DFE2A" box="[1316,1373,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
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2019
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Druses, commonly found in the leaves of
|
|||
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D220303FF95FD8054CEFCC2FE46" box="[604,770,446,473]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30303FF95FD8054CEFD6AFE47" box="[604,682,447,473]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">Croton</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
species
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FCCD54CFFBCEFE46" author="Barros & Soares" box="[785,1038,446,472]" firstAuthor="Barros" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" pagination="192 - 198" refId="ref7017" refString="Barros, I. O. & Soares, A. A. (2013) Adaptacoes anatomicas em folhas de marmeleiro e velame da Caatinga brasileira. Revista Ciencia Agronomica 44: 192 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1806 - 66902013000100024" type="journal article" year="2013">Barros & Soares 2013</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FBC554CFFB3EFE46" author="Gancedo" box="[1049,1278,446,472]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gancedo" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" refId="ref7966" refString="Gancedo, N. C., Lima, C. B., Milaneze-Gutierre, M. A. & Mello, J. C. P. (2022) Pharmacobotanical study of Croton floribundus stem bark. Rodriguesia 73: e 02302020. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 2175 - 7860202273032" type="journal volume" year="2022">
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Gancedo
|
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<emphasis id="B918EAB30303FF95FB5F54CEFB7BFE46" box="[1155,1211,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
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2022
|
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|
</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
), act in defense against herbivory and are an important source of calcium (Ca) for cellular metabolism. Laticifers are common in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D220303FF95FF545777FEEEFDBE" box="[136,302,518,544]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FEE15777FE0CFDBE" author="Rudall" box="[317,460,518,544]" firstAuthor="Rudall" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" pagination="143 - 163" refId="ref9572" refString="Rudall, P. J. (1987) Laticifers in Euphorbiaceae - a conspectus. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 94: 143 - 163. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1987. tb 01043. x" type="journal article" year="1987">Rudall 1987</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FE0B5777FDD0FDBE" author="Rudall" box="[471,528,518,544]" firstAuthor="Rudall" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" pagination="270 - 282" refId="ref9619" refString="Rudall, P. J. (1994) Laticifers in Crotonoideae (Euphorbiaceae): homology and evolution. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 81: 270 - 282. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2992097" type="journal article" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) and responsible for the storage of latex, a complex secretion, whose composition involves the presence of compounds derived from primary and secondary metabolism (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FB84575BFAD9FDDA" author="Haberlandt" box="[1112,1305,554,580]" firstAuthor="Haberlandt" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" refId="ref8117" refString="Haberlandt, G. (1914) Physiological Plant Anatomy. MacMillan & Co., London, 777 pp." type="book" year="1914">Haberlandt 1914</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FAF8575BFA5FFDDA" author="Fahn" box="[1316,1439,554,580]" firstAuthor="Fahn" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" refId="ref7743" refString="Fahn, A. (1979) Secretory tissues in plants. Academic Press, London, 312 pp." type="book" year="1979">Fahn 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). This structure has several functions, such as, tissue healing, defense, or deterrent against predation by herbivores (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FF4C5703FED5FD12" author="Fahn" box="[144,277,626,652]" firstAuthor="Fahn" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" refId="ref7743" refString="Fahn, A. (1979) Secretory tissues in plants. Academic Press, London, 312 pp." type="book" year="1979">Fahn, 1979</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FEFE5703FE71FD12" author="Rudall" box="[290,433,626,652]" firstAuthor="Rudall" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" pagination="143 - 163" refId="ref9572" refString="Rudall, P. J. (1987) Laticifers in Euphorbiaceae - a conspectus. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 94: 143 - 163. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1987. tb 01043. x" type="journal article" year="1987">Rudall 1987</bibRefCitation>
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|
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,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FE635703FE3BFD12" author="Rudall" box="[447,507,626,652]" firstAuthor="Rudall" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" pagination="270 - 282" refId="ref9619" refString="Rudall, P. J. (1994) Laticifers in Crotonoideae (Euphorbiaceae): homology and evolution. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 81: 270 - 282. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2992097" type="journal article" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Gelatinous and libriform fibers, and collenchyma provide mechanical support of internal tissues, aid in water retention, especially, gelatinous fibers, and prevent cell collapse under conditions of water stress (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FF0957CBFE16FD4A" author="Holtzmeier" box="[213,470,698,724]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Holtzmeier" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" pagination="43 - 82" refId="ref8191" refString="Holtzmeier, M. A., Stern, W. L. & Judd, W. S. (1998) Comparative anatomy and systematics of Senghas's cushion species of Maxillaria (Orchidaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 127: 43 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1998. tb 02087. x" type="journal article" year="1998">
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Holtzmeier
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<emphasis id="B918EAB30303FF95FE8057CAFE54FD4A" box="[348,404,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
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1998
|
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FE3D57CBFD48FD4A" author="Dickison" box="[481,648,698,724]" firstAuthor="Dickison" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" refId="ref7590" refString="Dickison, W. C. (2000) Integrative plant anatomy. Academic Press, San Diego, 533 pp." type="book" year="2000">Dickison 2000</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FD4F57CBFCB4FD4A" author="Bieras & Sajo" box="[659,884,698,724]" firstAuthor="Bieras" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" pagination="451 - 471" refId="ref7067" refString="Bieras, A. C. & Sajo, M. G. (2009) Leaf structure of the cerrado (Brazilian savanna) woody plants. Trees 23: 451 - 471. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00468 - 008 - 0295 - 7" type="journal article" year="2009">Bieras & Sajo 2009</bibRefCitation>
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).
|
|||
|
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</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD336A10303FF95FF6157AFFC19FCDE" blockId="9.[136,1452,158,832]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">
|
|||
|
|
Finally, the leaf anatomy of the species studied serves to differentiate them, as also reported for other
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D220303FF95FA8157AEFF19FC82" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918EAB30303FF95FA8157AEFA6BFD67" box="[1373,1451,735,761]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">Croton</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
species
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FF345673FEB7FC82" author="Soares" box="[232,375,770,796]" firstAuthor="Soares" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" refId="ref9934" refString="Soares, D. A. (2013) Morfoanatomia foliar de especies de Croton sect. Luntia (Euphorbiaceae) como contribuicao para a taxonomia do genero. MSc Dissertation, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, 44 pp." type="book" year="2013">Soares 2013</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FE5F5673FDA2FC82" author="Barbosa" box="[387,610,770,796]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Barbosa" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" pagination="259 - 272" refId="ref6910" refString="Barbosa, B. L. R., Oliveira, R. P., Mascarenhas, A. A. S., Dorea, M. C., Martins, F. M. & Carneiro-Torres, D. S. (2018) Croton aemulus and C. graomogolensis (Euphorbiaceae): Two new species from Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on distinct lines of evidence and their relation to C. muscicapa and C. longibracteatus. Phytotaxa 365 (3): 259 - 272. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 365.3.4" type="journal article" year="2018">
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Barbosa
|
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<emphasis id="B918EAB30303FF95FE3A5672FDDFFC82" box="[486,543,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
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2018
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FDB15673FCE2FC82" author="Feio" box="[621,802,770,796]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Feio" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" pagination="614 - 632" refId="ref7828" refString="Feio, A. C., Meira, R. M. S. A. & Riina, R. (2018) Leaf anatomical features and their implications for the systematics of dragon's blood, Croton section Cyclostigma (Euphorbiaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 614 - 632. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / botlinnean / boy 038" type="journal article" year="2018">
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Feio
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<emphasis id="B918EAB30303FF95FD7B5672FD20FC82" box="[679,736,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
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2018
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FCF25673FC32FC82" author="Sodre, R. C. & Sales, M. F. & Berry, P. E. & Silva, M. J." box="[814,1010,770,796]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref10311" refString="Sodre, R. C., Sales, M. F., Berry, P. E. & Silva, M. J. (2019 a) Taxonomic synopsis of Croton section Geiseleria (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil, including description of a new species. Phytotaxa 417 (1): 1 - 105. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 417.1.1" type="journal article" year="2019">
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Sodré
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<emphasis id="B918EAB30303FF95FCAB5672FC70FC82" box="[887,944,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
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2019
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FC225673FB21FC82" author="Sodre & Silva" box="[1022,1249,770,796]" firstAuthor="Sodre" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" pagination="207 - 239" refId="ref10383" refString="Sodre, R. C. & Silva, M. J. (2020) A taxonomic reassessment of Croton grandivelus, including recognition of a new species, C. insignis, and the redefinition of C. fulvus (Euphorbiaceae). Phytotaxa 472 (3): 207 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 472.3.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Sodré & Silva 2020</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FB305673FAE7FC82" author="Sodre, R. C. & Silva, M. J." box="[1260,1319,770,796]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" pagination="14 - 38" refId="ref10450" refString="Sodre, R. C. & Silva, M. J. (2022) Croton sertanejus, a new species from Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in Brazil, and redescription of C. echioides (Euphorbiaceae). European Journal of Taxonomy 839: 14 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2022.839.1929" type="journal article" year="2022">2022</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B500303FF95FAEF5672FF04FCDE" author="Rosa" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rosa" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" pagination="1685 - 1695" refId="ref9494" refString="Rosa, A. C, Ferraro, A., Silva, R. H., Pott, V. J., Victorio, C. P. & Arruda, R. C. O. (2021) Leaf anatomy of two medicinal Croton species: Contribution to plant recognition. Microscopy Research and Technique 84: 1685 - 1695. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jemt. 23727" type="journal article" year="2021">
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Rosa
|
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<emphasis id="B918EAB30303FF95FAAF5672FA6CFC82" box="[1395,1452,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
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2021
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</bibRefCitation>
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), and reflect the biotic and biotic conditions where the species inhabit.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|