treatments-xml/data/86/4C/87/864C87F9FF981440FF7B5C1AFB0EA881.xml

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<mods:title id="3BFFD0409A48E3FCDB1C3CABB280A9C8">Taxonomy of the Threadsnakes of the tribe Epictini (Squamata: Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae) in Colombia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D4B3E62A2AB3AD6C6968920D54EB4525">Pinto, Roberta Richard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AC12B3BE0E326FDE16AE4F6B4FD47D4D">Portilla, José Rances Caicedo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="33EBDF31E5CDD265384A37B0A9DD0862">Arredondo, Juan Camilo</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="864C87F9FF981440FF7B5C1AFB0EA881" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6204219" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119407849" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6204219" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:864C87F9FF981440FF7B5C1AFB0EA881" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/864C87F9FF981440FF7B5C1AFB0EA881" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<subSubSection id="46FF6564FF981442FF7B5C1AFF60AC03" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0E5A36EFFF981442FF7B5C1AFDE0AC60" blockId="21.[151,614,1051,1110]" box="[151,614,1051,1078]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="55128183FF981442FF7B5C1AFDE0AC60" bold="true" box="[151,614,1051,1078]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="C9E54D6CFF981442FF7B5C1AFDE0AC60" authority="Taylor 1940" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1940" box="[151,614,1051,1078]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnamaculata">
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FF7B5C1AFDE0AC60" bold="true" box="[151,614,1051,1078]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FF7B5C1AFE31AC63" bold="true" box="[151,439,1052,1078]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Epictia magnamaculata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6A744B1EFF981442FE2A5C1DFDD8AC60" author="Taylor" box="[454,606,1051,1077]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Taylor, E. H. (1940) [dated of 1939] Herpetological miscellany no. I. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 26, 489 - 571." type="journal article" year="1940">Taylor 1940</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E5A36EFFF981442FF7B5C38FF60AC03" blockId="21.[151,614,1051,1110]" box="[151,230,1086,1110]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<figureCitation id="96DE2A6AFF981442FF7B5C38FF60AC03" box="[151,230,1086,1110]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="22.[151,255,1985,2009]" captionTargetBox="[304,1268,194,1970]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[304,1268,194,1971]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 13. Dorsal (A), lateral (B) and ventral (C) views of head of the Epictia magnamaculata (ICN 2629)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199963/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46FF6564FF981442FF7B5C81FB4FADC4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="0E5A36EFFF981442FF7B5C81FB6DACC9" blockId="21.[151,1436,1158,1426]" box="[151,1259,1158,1181]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="C9E54D6CFF981442FF7B5C81FDD7ACC9" authority="Taylor 1940" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1940" box="[151,593,1158,1181]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Leptotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnamaculata">
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FF7B5C81FE49ACC8" box="[151,463,1159,1181]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Leptotyphlops magnamaculata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6A744B1EFF981442FE3A5C80FDD7ACC9" author="Taylor" box="[470,593,1158,1180]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Taylor, E. H. (1940) [dated of 1939] Herpetological miscellany no. I. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 26, 489 - 571." type="journal article" year="1940">Taylor 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[dated 1939], University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 26(15):540.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E5A36EFFF981442FF7B5CA3FE59AC8C" blockId="21.[151,1436,1158,1426]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FF7B5CA3FDDCACEE" box="[151,602,1189,1211]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="C9E54D6CFF981442FF7B5CA3FE16ACEE" box="[151,400,1189,1211]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Leptotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albifrons">Leptotyphlops albifrons</taxonomicName>
magnamaculata—
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6A744B1EFF981442FDB65CA0FCBDACEE" author="Dunn" box="[602,827,1189,1211]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Dunn, E. R. &amp; Saxe, L. H. (1950) Results of the Catherwood-Chaplin West Indies Expedition, 1948. Part V. Amphibians and Reptiles of San Andres and Providencia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 102, 141 - 165." type="journal article" year="1950">Dunn &amp; Saxe 1950</bibRefCitation>
, Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 102:159–161.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E5A36EFFF981442FF7B5CE4FED2AD42" blockId="21.[151,1436,1158,1426]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FF7B5CE4FDCBACAD" box="[151,589,1250,1272]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="C9E54D6CFF981442FF7B5CE4FE04ACAD" box="[151,386,1250,1272]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Leptotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goudotii">Leptotyphlops goudotii</taxonomicName>
magnamaculatus—
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6A744B1EFF981442FDA15CE5FC0DACAD" author="Peters" box="[589,907,1250,1272]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Peters, J. A., &amp; Orejas-Miranda, B. R. (1970) Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata: Part 1. Snakes. Bulletin of the United States of National Museum, 297, 1 - 347." type="journal article" year="1970">Peters &amp; Orejas-Miranda 1970</bibRefCitation>
, Bulletin of the 
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of National Museum, 297:169–170.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E5A36EFFF981442FF7B5D26FBEBAD63" blockId="21.[151,1436,1158,1426]" box="[151,1133,1312,1334]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FF7B5D26FE11AD63" box="[151,407,1312,1334]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="C9E54D6CFF981442FF7B5D26FEA0AD63" box="[151,294,1312,1334]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Leptotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptotyphlops</taxonomicName>
phenops—
</emphasis>
Wilson &amp; Hahn 1973, Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, 17(2):120.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E5A36EFFF981442FF7B5D39FC2CAD01" blockId="21.[151,1436,1158,1426]" box="[151,938,1342,1365]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FF7B5D39FDCCAD00" box="[151,586,1343,1365]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="C9E54D6CFF981442FF7B5D39FE07AD00" box="[151,385,1343,1365]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Leptotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goudotii">Leptotyphlops goudotii</taxonomicName>
magnamaculatus—
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6A744B1EFF981442FDA75D38FD3BAD01" author="Hahn" box="[587,701,1342,1364]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Hahn, D. E. (1980) Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien Anomalepididae, Leptotyphlopidae, Typhlopidae. Das Tierreich, 101, 1 - 93." type="journal article" year="1980">Hahn 1980</bibRefCitation>
, Das Tierreich, 101:15.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E5A36EFFF981442FF7B5D5BFAC8AD26" blockId="21.[151,1436,1158,1426]" box="[151,1358,1373,1395]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FF7B5D5BFDCCAD26" box="[151,586,1373,1395]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="C9E54D6CFF981442FF7B5D5BFE07AD26" box="[151,385,1373,1395]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Leptotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goudotii">Leptotyphlops goudotii</taxonomicName>
magnamaculatus—
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6A744B1EFF981442FDA75D5BFC40AD26" author="McDiarmid" box="[587,966,1373,1395]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="McDiarmid, R. W., Campbell, J. A. &amp; Toure, T. (1999) Snake species of the world. A taxonomic and geographic reference, vol. 1. Washington DC: The Herpetologists' League, 512 pp." type="book" year="1999">McDiarmid, Campbell &amp; Touré 1999</bibRefCitation>
, Snake Species of the World, 1:30–32.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E5A36EFFF981442FF7B5D7BFB4FADC4" blockId="21.[151,1436,1158,1426]" box="[151,1225,1403,1426]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FF7B5D7BFE26ADC7" box="[151,416,1404,1426]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="C9E54D6CFF981442FF7B5D7BFF66ADC7" box="[151,224,1405,1426]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Epictia</taxonomicName>
magnamaculata—
</emphasis>
Hedges, Adalsteinsson &amp; Branch 
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FD1A5D7BFC8CADC7" box="[758,778,1405,1426]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">in</emphasis>
Adalsteisson 
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FC745D7BFC42ADC7" box="[920,964,1404,1426]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al</emphasis>
. 2009, Zootaxa, 2244:11.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="0E5A36EFFF981442FF7B5DC4FE8DADA8" blockId="21.[151,1436,1470,2001]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FF7B5DC4FE8DAD8F" bold="true" box="[151,267,1474,1498]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<typeStatus id="D15E884DFF981442FF7B5DC4FE80AD8F" box="[151,262,1474,1498]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="68F4AE2AFF981442FEFB5DC7FEEEAD8C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[279,360,1473,1497]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">USNM</collectionCode>
54760, collected by F.J. Dyer in 
<date id="7A5B102FFF981442FCE85DC7FC21AD8C" box="[772,935,1473,1497]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1916-04-09">April 9, 1916</date>
, from Útila Island (
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, 
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0 
<geoCoordinate id="6BD15028FF981442FACD5DC7FAC3AD99" box="[1313,1349,1470,1497]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="925" value="-86.916664">86o</geoCoordinate>
</geoCoordinate>
55’W), 
<collectingCountry id="76F2767FFF981442FF7B5DE3FE8EADA8" box="[151,264,1509,1533]" name="Honduras" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Honduras</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46FF6564FF981442FF255E0FFB22AF48" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="0E5A36EFFF981442FF255E0FFB22AF48" blockId="21.[151,1436,1470,2001]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FF255E0FFEC5AE77" bold="true" box="[201,323,1545,1570]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C9E54D6CFF981442FEBC5E0CFDE7AE74" box="[336,609,1545,1569]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnamaculata">
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FEBC5E0CFDE7AE74" box="[336,609,1545,1569]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Epictia magnamaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of characters: snout slightly truncate in dorsal and ventral view, rounded in lateral view; supraocular present, not in contact with first supralabial; first supralabial longer, reaching eye level; rostral scale subtriangular in dorsal view; ocular hexagonal with straight shape at the eye level; supraocular longer than frontal scale; temporal indistinct; fused caudals absent; two supralabials (1+1); four infralabials; 245–262 middorsal scales; 237–246 midventral scales; 15–18 subcaudal scales; 10 scales around the middle of tail; seven dorsal scale rows dark brown in the centre of scales with paler border forming longitudinal zig-zag lines; seven lateroventral scale rows brown in the centre of scales with border lighter forming soft zig-zag lines; gular region paler than venter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46FF6564FF981442FF255F2FFDFEAF84" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="0E5A36EFFF981442FF255F2FFDFEAF84" blockId="21.[151,1436,1470,2001]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FF255F2FFEB8AF17" bold="true" box="[201,318,1833,1858]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Variation.</emphasis>
Middorsal scales 245–262 (
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FD905F2CFD25AF14" box="[636,675,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">x¯ =</emphasis>
252.6 ± 4.9, 
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FCD45F2CFCC0AF14" box="[824,838,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">n</emphasis>
= 12); midventral scales 237–246 (
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FB3F5F2CFB7FAF14" box="[1235,1273,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">x¯ =</emphasis>
240.3 ± 4.0, 
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FA625F2CFA1AAF14" box="[1422,1436,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">n</emphasis>
= 4); subcaudal scales 15–18 (
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FE1E5F49FE78AF33" box="[498,510,1871,1894]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">x¯</emphasis>
= 16.8 ± 1.1, 
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FD4A5F49FD32AF33" box="[678,692,1871,1894]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">n</emphasis>
= 13); TL 
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(
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FC225F49FC5CAF33" box="[974,986,1871,1894]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">x¯</emphasis>
= 154.5 ± 28.3, 
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FB725F49FB2AAF33" box="[1182,1196,1871,1894]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">n</emphasis>
= 12); TL/TAL ratio 14.1–21.0 (
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FEFB5F74FEB8AFDC" box="[279,318,1906,1929]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">x¯ =</emphasis>
16.9 ± 1.8, 
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FE2A5F74FE52AFDC" box="[454,468,1906,1929]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">n</emphasis>
= 12); TAL 4.8–7.1% of TL (
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FCC85F74FCCDAFDC" box="[804,843,1906,1929]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">x¯ =</emphasis>
6.0 ± 0.0, 
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FC285F74FC54AFDC" box="[964,978,1906,1929]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">n</emphasis>
= 12); TL/MB ratio 52.7–61.5 (
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FAD75F74FAE4AFDC" box="[1339,1378,1906,1929]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">x¯ =</emphasis>
57.9 ± 3.7, 
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FF0D5F91FF77AFFB" box="[225,241,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">n</emphasis>
= 4); TAL/MT ratio 2.8–4.0 (
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FDA45F91FDF7AFFB" box="[584,625,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">x¯ =</emphasis>
3.5 ± 0.6, 
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FD1E5F91FC86AFFB" box="[754,768,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">n</emphasis>
= 4); relative eye diameter 1.3–2.5 (
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FB485F91FB48AFFB" box="[1188,1230,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">x¯ =</emphasis>
1.9 ± 0.5, 
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FAA25F91FADAAFFB" box="[1358,1372,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">n</emphasis>
= 4); rostral width 0.4–0.5 (
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FE7C5FBCFE1BAF84" box="[400,413,1978,2001]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">x¯</emphasis>
= 0.4 ± 0.0, 
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF981442FDC25FBCFDBAAF84" box="[558,572,1978,2001]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">n</emphasis>
= 4).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="5A9A6667FF9B1441FF7B5FC7FAB6AF8C" box="[151,1328,1985,2009]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199963/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" targetBox="[304,1268,194,1970]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="0E5A36EFFF9B1441FF7B5FC7FAB6AF8C" blockId="22.[151,1328,1985,2009]" box="[151,1328,1985,2009]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF9B1441FF7B5FC7FEA0AF8C" bold="true" box="[151,294,1985,2009]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
Dorsal (A), lateral (B) and ventral (C) views of head of the 
<taxonomicName id="C9E54D6CFF9B1441FC4B5FC4FB21AF8C" box="[935,1191,1986,2009]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Epictia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnamaculata">
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF9B1441FC4B5FC4FB21AF8C" box="[935,1191,1986,2009]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Epictia magnamaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ICN 2629).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="46FF6564FF9A1440FF255891FB0EA881" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="0E5A36EFFF9A1440FF255891FB0EA881" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,212]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="3C91EAFDFF9A1440FF255891FEE4A8E5" bold="true" box="[201,354,151,176]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Distribution.</emphasis>
In 
<collectingCountry id="76F2767FFF9A1440FE665891FE7DA8FA" box="[394,507,151,175]" name="Colombia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, known form the Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina in the Providencia (
<geoCoordinate id="6BD15028FF9A1440FEC058BAFE32A881" box="[300,436,188,212]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="15" value="13.348888">13º20’56”N</geoCoordinate>
81º22’29”) and San Andrés (
<geoCoordinate id="6BD15028FF9A1440FD1258BAFCDBA881" box="[766,861,188,212]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="12.583333">12º35’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6BD15028FF9A1440FC8858BAFC4FA881" box="[868,969,188,212]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-81.7">81º42’W</geoCoordinate>
) islands (
<figureCitation id="96DE2A6AFF9A1440FBD958BAFBFCA881" box="[1077,1146,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1139,1163]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1117]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,194,1118]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Geographic distribution of species of the tribe Epictini in Colombia. Type localities correspond to white symbols." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199954/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>