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<document id="C2BE59D8A1180FD35490074385375906" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2014.886343" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5193830" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628812328907" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Liseki, Steven D. &amp; Vane-Wright, Richard I." docDate="2014" docId="CA1E1B1936612251FE2BFA5486DCFB2A" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.48.25-26.1543-1583.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 48 (25 - 26)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.886343" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CD936EBDDF5274E0936345450CC2DAE4.5:JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="CD936EBDDF5274E0936345450CC2DAE4" docStyleName="JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Mylothris jacksoni Sharpe 1891" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="1574" masterDocId="36276361367E2271FFDDFFDA846BFF96" masterDocTitle="Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: family Pieridae, subfamily Pierinae" masterLastPageNumber="1583" masterPageNumber="1543" pageNumber="1573" updateTime="1699052811630" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="ABBACCE79B38D722439B3B96209C8DAC">Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: family Pieridae, subfamily Pierinae</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="2A2ED8880841FF2E93C54224FEE54AFC">Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania; &amp; School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="2EB017DB851736EB4EBE01D9EFE467FC">School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; &amp; Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK; &amp; Geographical and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="79247E3197E47D7D4F71AFA7D819A182">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="9864968FC45F3674B97331827C432D9B">25 - 26</mods:number>
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<heading id="19401D633661226EFE2BFA54871BFA30" box="[502,880,1422,1446]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="1573" reason="2">
[
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C3661226EFE23FA548701FA30" ID-CoL="4549M" authority="Sharpe, 1891" authorityName="Sharpe" authorityYear="1891" box="[510,874,1422,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="1573" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacksoni">
<emphasis id="70C3761D3661226EFE23FA5486A5FA30" box="[510,718,1422,1446]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1573">Mylothris jacksoni</emphasis>
Sharpe, 1891
</taxonomicName>
]
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4208AA0F3661226EFF09FA1485F1F993" blockId="31.[212,1172,1486,1542]" pageId="31" pageNumber="1573">
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3661226EFF09FA1485C2FA70" author="Kielland J" box="[212,425,1486,1510]" pageId="31" pageNumber="1573" refId="ref25501" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990: 266</bibRefCitation>
(3 figs).
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3661226EFDD0FA1486FCFA70" author="Larsen TB" box="[525,663,1486,1510]" pageId="31" pageNumber="1573" refId="ref25550" refString="Larsen TB. 1996. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history. 2 nd edn. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1996">Larsen 1996</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 10 fig. 103i.
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3661226EFC8AFA148053FA70" author="D' Abrera B" box="[855,1080,1486,1510]" pageId="31" pageNumber="1573" refId="ref25233" refString="D' Abrera B. 1997. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region (2 nd edn). Part I. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Acraeidae, Danaidae &amp; Satyridae. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1997">D’ Abrera 1997: 109</bibRefCitation>
(5 figs). SI: Figure 35a–d.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="0AADF98436612251FF09F9F786DCFB2A" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="1574" pageId="31" pageNumber="1573" type="description">
<paragraph id="4208AA0F36612251FF09F9F78067FE09" blockId="31.[212,1172,1581,1669]" lastBlockId="32.[144,1104,168,1212]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="1574" pageId="31" pageNumber="1573">
Occurs in submontane forest, apparently at slightly lower altitudes than the closely related
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C3661226EFEF1F9978620F9F3" authority="(Larsen 1996)" baseAuthorityName="Larsen" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[300,587,1613,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="1573" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagala">
<emphasis id="70C3761D3661226EFEF1F99785F5F9F3" box="[300,414,1613,1637]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1573">M. sagala</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3661226EFE6CF9978654F9F3" author="Larsen TB" box="[433,575,1613,1637]" pageId="31" pageNumber="1573" refId="ref25550" refString="Larsen TB. 1996. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history. 2 nd edn. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1996">Larsen 1996</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE3661226EFD86F9978764F9F3" author="Kielland J" box="[603,783,1613,1637]" pageId="31" pageNumber="1573" refId="ref25501" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland (1990)</bibRefCitation>
, however, gave
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for
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C3661226EFF09F9B78545F913" authorityName="Sharpe" authorityYear="1891" box="[212,302,1645,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="1573" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacksoni">
<emphasis id="70C3761D3661226EFF09F9B78545F913" box="[212,302,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1573">jacksoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<quantity id="854F07EA3661226EFEB5F9B7859BF913" box="[360,496,1645,1669]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="31" pageNumber="1573" unit="m" value="1700.0" valueMax="2700.0" valueMin="700.0">700–2700 m</quantity>
for
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C3661226EFDFCF9B7860CF913" baseAuthorityName="Larsen" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[545,615,1645,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="1573" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagala">
<emphasis id="70C3761D3661226EFDFCF9B7860CF913" box="[545,615,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1573">sagala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(for
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, Larsen op. cit., indicates that
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C3661226EFB90F9B780F8F913" baseAuthorityName="Larsen" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[1101,1171,1645,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="1573" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagala">
<emphasis id="70C3761D3661226EFB90F9B780F8F913" box="[1101,1171,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1573">sagala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ascends to at least
<quantity id="854F07EA365E2251FE83FF7285D8FF56" box="[350,435,168,192]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574" unit="m" value="3200.0">3200 m</quantity>
). Adults of
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C365E2251FDE8FF7286DCFF56" authorityName="Sharpe" authorityYear="1891" box="[565,695,168,192]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacksoni">
<emphasis id="70C3761D365E2251FDE8FF7286DCFF56" box="[565,695,168,192]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">M. jacksoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(an abundantly distinct species in its life history: Colin Congdon, pers. comm.) are said to differ from those of
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C365E2251FC18FF128058FF76" baseAuthorityName="Larsen" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[965,1075,200,224]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagala">
<emphasis id="70C3761D365E2251FC18FF128058FF76" box="[965,1075,200,224]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">M. sagala</emphasis>
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in the following respects: smaller; forewing upperside black border usually extending all around the wing, and forewing apex more acute and distal margin less rounded (
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE365E2251FF4AFEF2855DFED6" author="Kielland J" box="[151,310,296,320]" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574" refId="ref25501" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990</bibRefCitation>
, p.66). According to
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE365E2251FDFAFEF286D2FED6" author="Larsen TB" box="[551,697,296,320]" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574" refId="ref25550" refString="Larsen TB. 1996. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history. 2 nd edn. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1996">Larsen (1996</bibRefCitation>
, p.149) the dark markings of
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C365E2251FBD4FEF28024FED6" baseAuthorityName="Larsen" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[1033,1103,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagala">
<emphasis id="70C3761D365E2251FBD4FEF28024FED6" box="[1033,1103,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">sagala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are “less glossy and less deep than in
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C365E2251FDE5FE9286D0FEF6" authorityName="Sharpe" authorityYear="1891" box="[568,699,328,352]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacksoni">
<emphasis id="70C3761D365E2251FDE5FE9286D0FEF6" box="[568,699,328,352]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">M. jacksoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.” Examination of the genitalia of a single male
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C365E2251FEC6FEB285C9FE16" authorityName="Sharpe" authorityYear="1891" box="[283,418,360,384]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacksoni">
<emphasis id="70C3761D365E2251FEC6FEB285C9FE16" box="[283,418,360,384]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">M. jacksoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from northern
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F365E2251FD86FEBD86AFFEE9" box="[603,708,359,383]" name="Tanzania" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
compared with
<specimenCount id="54B16186365E2251FC5AFEBD806AFEE9" box="[903,1025,359,383]" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574" type="male">four males</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C365E2251FBF3FEB284BDFE36" baseAuthorityName="Larsen" baseAuthorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagala">
<emphasis id="70C3761D365E2251FBF3FEB284BDFE36" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">M. sagala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the West Usambara Mts suggests a slight difference in valve shape.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4208AA0F365E2251FF67FE7D87E2FD28" blockId="32.[144,1104,168,1212]" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE365E2251FF67FE7D8505FE29" author="Kielland J" box="[186,366,423,447]" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574" refId="ref25501" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland (1990)</bibRefCitation>
considered that two subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C365E2251FCC4FE72871AFE56" authorityName="Sharpe" authorityYear="1891" box="[793,881,424,448]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacksoni">
<emphasis id="70C3761D365E2251FCC4FE72871AFE56" box="[793,881,424,448]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">jacksoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occur in northern
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F365E2251FF4DFE1D8490FE49" box="[144,251,455,479]" name="Tanzania" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
: nominate
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C365E2251FEA8FE1D85A6FE49" authorityName="Sharpe" authorityYear="1891" box="[373,461,455,479]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacksoni">
<emphasis id="70C3761D365E2251FEA8FE1D85A6FE49" box="[373,461,455,479]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">jacksoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Loliondo Hills (
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F365E2251FD31FE1D875CFE49" box="[748,823,455,479]" name="Kenya" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">Kenya</collectingCountry>
border), and
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C365E2251FC12FE1D85F3FE69" authority="Sharpe, 1896" authorityName="Sharpe" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="jacksoni" subSpecies="neumanni">
<emphasis id="70C3761D365E2251FC12FE1D8493FE69" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">M. jacksoni neumanni</emphasis>
Sharpe, 1896
</taxonomicName>
, from Mt Longido and the Meto Hills.
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE365E2251FCB1FE3D8023FE69" author="Ackery PR &amp; Smith CR &amp; Vane-Wright RI" box="[876,1096,487,511]" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574" refId="ref24360" refString="Ackery PR, Smith CR, Vane-Wright RI, editors. 1995. Carcasson' s African butterflies: an annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. East Melbourne (Australia): CSIRO." type="book" year="1995">Ackery et al. (1995</bibRefCitation>
, p.220; perhaps following
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE365E2251FE77FDDD865EFD89" author="Rogers K &amp; St A" box="[426,565,519,543]" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574" pagination="127 - 130" refId="ref26095" refString="Rogers K, St A. 1913. A list of butterflies collected during the last ten years in British East Africa. Entomol Mon Mag. 49: 45 - 53, 94 - 100, 127 - 130." type="journal article" year="1913">Rogers 1913</bibRefCitation>
, p.98) treated
<emphasis id="70C3761D365E2251FD07FDDD8729FD89" box="[730,834,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">neumanni</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="9D0C14AD365E2251FC8FFDDD87E9FD89" box="[850,898,519,543]" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">type</typeStatus>
locality: region of Mt
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F365E2251FF64FDFD8568FDA9" box="[185,259,551,575]" name="Kenya" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">Kenya</collectingCountry>
) as a synonym of nominate
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C365E2251FDE3FDFD86FDFDA9" authorityName="Sharpe" authorityYear="1891" box="[574,662,551,575]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacksoni">
<emphasis id="70C3761D365E2251FDE3FDFD86FDFDA9" box="[574,662,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">jacksoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="9D0C14AD365E2251FD79FDFD86BFFDA9" box="[676,724,551,575]" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">type</typeStatus>
locality: Kavirondo, eastern Lake Victoria,
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F365E2251FF24FD9D852DFDC9" box="[249,326,583,607]" name="Kenya" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">Kenya</collectingCountry>
).
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE365E2251FE87FD9D8581FDC9" author="Larsen TB" box="[346,490,583,607]" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574" refId="ref25550" refString="Larsen TB. 1996. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history. 2 nd edn. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1996">Larsen (1996</bibRefCitation>
, p.149, pl. 10, fig. 102i), however, treated
<emphasis id="70C3761D365E2251FC15FD9D805BFDC9" box="[968,1072,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">neumanni</emphasis>
as the representative of
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C365E2251FE5FFDBD8598FDE9" baseAuthorityName="Larsen" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[386,499,615,639]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagala">
<emphasis id="70C3761D365E2251FE5FFDBD8598FDE9" box="[386,499,615,639]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">M. sagala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Kenya’ s central highlands. Beyond
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F365E2251FC69FDBD8077FDE9" box="[948,1052,615,639]" name="Tanzania" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F365E2251FF4DFD5C84B7FD08" box="[144,220,646,670]" name="Kenya" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">Kenya</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C365E2251FF30FD5D8518FD09" authorityName="Sharpe" authorityYear="1891" box="[237,371,647,671]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacksoni">
<emphasis id="70C3761D365E2251FF30FD5D8518FD09" box="[237,371,647,671]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">M. jacksoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered to occur in
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F365E2251FD73FD5C876FFD08" box="[686,772,646,670]" name="Nigeria" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F365E2251FCC9FD5C8782FD08" box="[788,1001,646,670]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">Equatorial Guinea</collectingCountry>
(Bioko),
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F365E2251FF4DFD7C8563FD28" box="[144,264,678,702]" name="Cameroon" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F365E2251FEC8FD7C8535FD28" box="[277,350,678,702]" name="Sudan" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">Sudan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F365E2251FEB7FD7C85A7FD28" box="[362,460,678,702]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F365E2251FE04FD7C8672FD28" box="[473,537,678,702]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">DRC</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F365E2251FDF8FD7C86EAFD28" box="[549,641,678,702]" name="Uganda" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">Uganda</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F365E2251FD53FD7C8687FD28" box="[654,748,678,702]" name="Rwanda" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F365E2251FCFBFD7C87EEFD28" box="[806,901,678,702]" name="Burundi" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">Burundi</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4208AA0F365E2251FF67FD1C86DCFB2A" blockId="32.[144,1104,168,1212]" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">
As
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE365E2251FF36FD1C85F9FD48" author="Larsen TB" box="[235,402,710,734]" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574" refId="ref25550" refString="Larsen TB. 1996. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history. 2 nd edn. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1996">Larsen (1996)</bibRefCitation>
noted,
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C365E2251FE20FD1D86E7FD49" authorityName="Sharpe" authorityYear="1891" box="[509,652,711,735]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacksoni">
<emphasis id="70C3761D365E2251FE20FD1D86E7FD49" box="[509,652,711,735]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">M. jacksoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C365E2251FD07FD1D873DFD49" baseAuthorityName="Larsen" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[730,854,711,735]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagala">
<emphasis id="70C3761D365E2251FD07FD1D873DFD49" box="[730,854,711,735]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">M. sagala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– which were first distinguished at species level in the modern literature by
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE365E2251FC83FD3C806BFD68" author="Berger LA" box="[862,1024,742,766]" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574" refId="ref24682" refString="Berger LA. 1981. Les papillons du Zaire. Bruxelles: La Presidence de la Republique du Zaire." type="book" year="1981">Berger (1981)</bibRefCitation>
– are very variable and similar to each other. Larsen’ s treatment of
<emphasis id="70C3761D365E2251FCADFCDC87B0FC88" box="[880,987,774,798]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">neumanni</emphasis>
, as noted above, suggests a possible problem in consistent separation.
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE365E2251FC73FCFC803BFCA8" author="Liseki SD" box="[942,1104,806,830]" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574" refId="ref25599" refString="Liseki SD. 2009. Butterfly diversity and its relevance to conservation in north-eastern Tanzania [PhD thesis). Canterbury (UK): University of Kent." type="book" year="2009">Liseki (2009)</bibRefCitation>
recorded both species from
<collectingRegion id="807364ED365E2251FE3BFC9C86B8FCC8" box="[486,723,838,862]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">Mount Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
. The forewing shape difference reported by
<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE365E2251FEF8FCBC85B7FCE8" author="Kielland J" box="[293,476,870,894]" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574" refId="ref25501" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland (1990)</bibRefCitation>
seems difficult to apply consistently, and the extent of the forewing black border is variable in
<collectingRegion id="807364ED365E2251FD7DFC5C8747FC08" box="[672,812,902,926]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
material. An additional character that appears to separate most
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C365E2251FDB2FC7C86DDFC28" baseAuthorityName="Larsen" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[623,694,934,958]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagala">
<emphasis id="70C3761D365E2251FDB2FC7C86DDFC28" box="[623,694,934,958]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">sagala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C365E2251FCD9FC7C8734FC28" authorityName="Sharpe" authorityYear="1891" box="[772,863,934,958]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacksoni">
<emphasis id="70C3761D365E2251FCD9FC7C8734FC28" box="[772,863,934,958]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">jacksoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the black spot at the tip of vein Rs on the hindwing underside, which is often enlarged in the former (SI: Figure 35f,h) but apparently not or only very slightly in the latter (SI: Figure 35b,d). All SDL’ s available material from
<collectingRegion id="807364ED365E2251FCC2FBDF87C0FB8B" box="[799,939,1029,1053]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
has this spot more or less enlarged compared with the posterior marginal spots. We now consider that identification of SDL’ s
<collectingRegion id="807364ED365E2251FD81FB9F8683FBCB" box="[604,744,1093,1117]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
material as
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C365E2251FC57FB9F807DFBCB" authorityName="Sharpe" authorityYear="1891" box="[906,1046,1093,1117]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacksoni">
<emphasis id="70C3761D365E2251FC57FB9F807DFBCB" box="[906,1046,1093,1117]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">M. jacksoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was an error due to unfamiliarity with the range of variation of
<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C365E2251FCB7FBBF878BFBEB" baseAuthorityName="Larsen" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[874,992,1125,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Mylothris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagala">
<emphasis id="70C3761D365E2251FCB7FBBF878BFBEB" box="[874,992,1125,1149]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1574">M. sagala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see also below). However, in our view, the whole question of the identity and separation of these two species should be re-investigated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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