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<document id="A8C58FB896B856E2FA1FFF681F9FC0E3" ID-CLB-Dataset="9223" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4895.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8c98e9f6-7bd0-4a15-9fe2-6015700904d1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4358718" ID-ZooBank="002F9E9D-43AA-4CD3-89FB-FD41EEEE4B18" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1608285294972" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vedenina, Varvara, Sevastianov, Nikita &amp; Tarasova, Tatiana" docDate="2020" docId="03D81D4EFFCE0E0AFF4EF9E24DB31EB0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4895.4.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4895 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Chorthippus karelini" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="523" masterDocId="FFE16536FFC10E18FFD9FF6449251B55" masterDocTitle="Contributions to the study of the grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae Gomphocerinae) courtship songs from Kazakhstan and adjacent territories" masterLastPageNumber="527" masterPageNumber="505" pageNumber="520" updateTime="1698847735368" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="39C8B201F5D46A6F9C25D729B4EC8C5A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="AA5E3583F7CEAAEB4E354820C3EBE772">
<mods:title id="25445F98711186F6B8307C243211CB80">Contributions to the study of the grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae Gomphocerinae) courtship songs from Kazakhstan and adjacent territories</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="AC830ED6B7D891C1D31D9395146AB294" type="personal">
<mods:role id="70C012C896A447EA5DBDC23B37B942B7">
<mods:roleTerm id="A40DC796D9D25C4353B3455BD0AD3CA0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0B407CC15B719A969104AC620ECE4AF8">Vedenina, Varvara</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2826148CF9B15EB096B4F7D42A3303B8" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2694-4152</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="1603B7C0557F565758CA2450C91F693E">Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Karetny per. 19, Moscow 127051 Russia. &amp; vedenin @ iitp. ru; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2694 - 4152</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="194A6FDF9030C4E11911D1D8481A7D1A" type="email">vedenin@iitp.ru</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="7277F7F68050C79C954AD9B9843102BC" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3B701AA5FEEE2A463AB3CFB944556479">
<mods:roleTerm id="F5E2820D00073327A4139D684423C998">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F870F4A721DF6EAC62B0A0B62F7BD05A">Sevastianov, Nikita</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="17BD985C4068EA8CF5D9F93C93AD0B2A" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1563-5194</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="BF96FB3B631580C2DFF7F9C5E8325472">Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Karetny per. 19, Moscow 127051 Russia. &amp; met 3254 @ yandex. ru; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1563 - 5194</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2FC74FB70CA7CB02FB3C060E562A48B8" type="email">met3254@yandex.ru</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B76E804B8DDB17648B717ECED31DBB08" type="personal">
<mods:role id="98C77CE37D0C3F690D7DC07678B7C3C2">
<mods:roleTerm id="B6C56A7ADE2392A67092A342C0711E60">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4D042BB4D76F1E9D38315D7A6F71E6C6">Tarasova, Tatiana</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B9D50F7609477DAD016223168C0F6B25" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7956-9333</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="D17450C6BF80FF0C08DE6015ABB8B392">Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Karetny per. 19, Moscow 127051 Russia. &amp; thomisida @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7956 - 9333</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="48B279623D246A409AF8F52A453794D6" type="email">thomisida@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="8499A6E453EED88AC99170B2788DA013">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="83DE286C52801F275F67D805EAD70540" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="A619E90C15540D73CB6C3781EA098AAB">
<mods:title id="CC1FA188AFCE5245AA24DA0709600FED">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="AC01DA18B40A3409A61ABAAFCCDDAF0B">
<mods:date id="3A785B46993C677DA3DF7DF0C73572A9">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="BAC8CB0E21BD3916914A0188C2F0C491" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="5D68D9DAEB1DED5BBAC95CD52CB62BF7">2020-12-17</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="54F9911083DFB4DA3D0DFD7AFA09AF29" type="volume">
<mods:number id="F04E0B377BA2D07804586672B4D230A0">4895</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="979C1BF4E3EF8B34CE35F9FA29966BB1" type="issue">
<mods:number id="820C345FA0EA7EB0CD7620E57334C931">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="3FD400CB9863730FDE2E88C95D03A08B">505</mods:start>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="593584FCCC84E38A35C372BC8136CC74">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="0D9B5906402FA5EB3F5C7EC9F0DBCEAA" type="CLB-Dataset">9223</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B250452D35D5897B443E8F3C3D7D5925" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4895.4.3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="13043A31EB9E46C276B49B39EF1D7173" type="GBIF-Dataset">8c98e9f6-7bd0-4a15-9fe2-6015700904d1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D9489131544FBDDBE67871F9BCBA20E8" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="702B414968846C952D9924F0528192C7" type="Zenodo-Dep">4358718</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="73E4C6667E0F624AA98A3D7A4C12F8AF" type="ZooBank">002F9E9D-43AA-4CD3-89FB-FD41EEEE4B18</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03D81D4EFFCE0E0AFF4EF9E24DB31EB0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4362355" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176234787" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4362355" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D81D4EFFCE0E0AFF4EF9E24DB31EB0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D81D4EFFCE0E0AFF4EF9E24DB31EB0" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="523" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">
<subSubSection id="C36BFFD3FFCE0E17FF4EF9E24B761DF5" box="[151,595,1670,1697]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCEAC58FFCE0E17FF4EF9E24B761DF5" blockId="15.[151,595,1670,1697]" box="[151,595,1670,1697]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">
<heading id="D0861B34FFCE0E17FF4EF9E24B761DF5" bold="true" box="[151,595,1670,1697]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C71D7DBFFCE0E17FF4EF9E24B761DF5" authority="(Uvarov, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Uvarov" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[151,595,1670,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Chorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="karelini">
<emphasis id="B905704AFFCE0E17FF4EF9E24B761DF5" bold="true" box="[151,595,1670,1697]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">
<emphasis id="B905704AFFCE0E17FF4EF9E248B01DF4" bold="true" box="[151,405,1670,1697]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">Chorthippus karelini</emphasis>
(Uvarov, 1910)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36BFFD3FFCE0E17FF4EF9AA4D281C59" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCEAC58FFCE0E17FF4EF9AA4D281C59" blockId="15.[151,1436,1742,1987]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">
<emphasis id="B905704AFFCE0E17FF4EF9AA48141DBD" bold="true" box="[151,305,1742,1768]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">Distribution.</emphasis>
North-eastern part of
<collectingCountry id="F366ECC8FFCE0E17FDF0F9AA4B891DBD" box="[553,684,1742,1768]" name="Turkey" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">Asia Minor</collectingCountry>
, very locally in
<collectingCountry id="F366ECC8FFCE0E17FCB8F9AA4A9E1DBD" box="[865,955,1742,1768]" name="Ukraine" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
(Askania-Nova), south-eastern part of European
<collectingCountry id="F366ECC8FFCE0E17FF33F99648121C59" box="[234,311,1778,1804]" name="Russia" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">Russia</collectingCountry>
, Transcaucasia,
<collectingCountry id="F366ECC8FFCE0E17FE37F9964B511C59" box="[494,628,1778,1804]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
, Siberia eastwards to Irkutsk region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36BFFD3FFCE0E17FF1EF8724D101C96" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCEAC58FFCE0E17FF1EF8724D101C96" blockId="15.[151,1436,1742,1987]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">
<emphasis id="B905704AFFCE0E17FF1EF87248131C65" bold="true" box="[199,310,1814,1840]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">Material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B19A605FFCE0E17FEE5F8724B761C01" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3003796303" collectingDate="2018-06-25" country="Kazakhstan" latitude="50.16" location="Pavlodar" longLatPrecision="109" longitude="57.31333" municipality="Aktjubinsk" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="F366ECC8FFCE0E17FEE5F87248E61C65" box="[316,451,1814,1840]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
:
<emphasis id="B905704AFFCE0E17FE14F87248C71C65" bold="true" box="[461,482,1814,1840]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">1.</emphasis>
10
<locationDeviation id="9A7CB57AFFCE0E17FDD3F8724B841C65" box="[522,673,1814,1840]" location="Aktobe" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">SE of Aktobe</locationDeviation>
, near
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAA3622FFCE0E17FD39F8724A791C65" box="[736,860,1814,1840]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">Aktjubinsk</collectingMunicipality>
reservoir,
<geoCoordinate id="EE45CA9FFFCE0E17FC0BF8724D6A1C64" box="[978,1103,1814,1841]" degrees="50" direction="north" minutes="09.6" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" precision="92" value="50.16">50°09.6’ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE45CA9FFFCE0E17FB80F8724DF41C64" box="[1113,1233,1814,1841]" degrees="57" direction="east" minutes="18.8" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" precision="92" value="57.31333">57°18.8’ E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCF8A98FFCE0E17FB05F8724C781C64" box="[1244,1373,1814,1841]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" value="2018-06-25">
<collectingDate id="EF8B7370FFCE0E17FB05F8724C781C64" box="[1244,1373,1814,1841]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" value="2018-06-25">25.06.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, song recordings in 4 ³;
<emphasis id="B905704AFFCE0E17FEA8F85E48A31C01" bold="true" box="[369,390,1850,1876]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">6.</emphasis>
<location id="8EAEFA83FFCE0E17FE56F85E48D61C01" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D81D4EFFCE0E0AFF4EF9E24DB31EB0:8EAEFA83FFCE0E17FE56F85E48D61C01" box="[399,499,1850,1876]" country="Kazakhstan" latitude="50.16" longLatPrecision="109" longitude="57.31333" municipality="Aktjubinsk" name="Pavlodar" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">Pavlodar</location>
reg., ab
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B19A605FFCE0E17FD86F85E4A3F1C2D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3003796304" collectingDate="2019-04-07" country="Kazakhstan" latitude="52.09" location="Pavlodar region" longLatPrecision="108" longitude="76.415" municipality="Pogranichnoe" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" specimenCount="1">
<locationDeviation id="9A7CB57AFFCE0E17FD86F85E4A4D1C01" box="[607,872,1850,1876]" location="Pavlodar" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">
<quantity id="4C8901BDFFCE0E17FD86F85E4B8D1C01" box="[607,680,1850,1876]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" unit="km" value="44.0">44 km</quantity>
SW of Pavlodar
</locationDeviation>
, environs of
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAA3622FFCE0E17FC27F85E4DBE1C01" box="[1022,1179,1850,1876]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">Pogranichnoe</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE45CA9FFFCE0E17FB71F85E4C151C00" box="[1192,1328,1850,1877]" degrees="52" direction="north" minutes="05.4" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" precision="92" value="52.09">52° 05.4’ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE45CA9FFFCE0E17FAE4F85E498F1C2C" degrees="76" direction="east" minutes="24.9" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" precision="92" value="76.415">76°24.9’ E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCF8A98FFCE0E17FF6EF83A481D1C2D" box="[183,312,1886,1912]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" value="2019-04-07">
<collectingDate id="EF8B7370FFCE0E17FF6EF83A481D1C2D" box="[183,312,1886,1912]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" value="2019-04-07">04.07.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, song recording in 1 ³;
<emphasis id="B905704AFFCE0E17FD91F83A4B7B1C2D" bold="true" box="[584,606,1886,1912]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">7.</emphasis>
<location id="8EAEFA83FFCE0E17FDBCF83A4A3F1C2D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D81D4EFFCE0E0AFF4EF9E24DB31EB0:8EAEFA83FFCE0E17FDBCF83A4A3F1C2D" box="[613,794,1886,1912]" country="Kazakhstan" latitude="52.09" longLatPrecision="108" longitude="76.415" municipality="Pogranichnoe" name="Pavlodar region" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">Pavlodar region</location>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B19A605FFCE0E17FCFFF83A4D001CC9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3003796307" collectingDate="2019-05-07" country="Kazakhstan" latitude="53.085" location="Irtysh river" longLatPrecision="107" longitude="75.94334" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Almaty Oblysy">
<locationDeviation id="9A7CB57AFFCE0E17FCFFF83A4D821C2C" box="[806,1191,1886,1913]" firstLocation="Terenkol'" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" secondLocation="Beregovoe">between Terenkol’ and Beregovoe</locationDeviation>
, near
<location id="8EAEFA83FFCE0E17FB33F83A4C4F1C2D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D81D4EFFCE0E0AFF4EF9E24DB31EB0:8EAEFA83FFCE0E17FB33F83A4C4F1C2D" box="[1258,1386,1886,1912]" country="Kazakhstan" latitude="53.085" longLatPrecision="107" longitude="75.94334" name="Irtysh river" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" stateProvince="Almaty Oblysy">Irtysh river</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE45CA9FFFCE0E17FAACF83A49CA1CC8" degrees="53" direction="north" minutes="05.1" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" precision="92" value="53.085">53° 05.1’ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE45CA9FFFCE0E17FF25F8E648521CC8" box="[252,375,1922,1949]" degrees="75" direction="east" minutes="56.6" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" precision="92" value="75.94334">75°56.6’ E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCF8A98FFCE0E17FE5CF8E64B231CC8" box="[389,518,1922,1949]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" value="2019-05-07">
<collectingDate id="EF8B7370FFCE0E17FE5CF8E64B231CC8" box="[389,518,1922,1949]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" value="2019-05-07">05.07.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, song recordings in 2 ³;
<emphasis id="B905704AFFCE0E17FCF0F8E64A691CC9" bold="true" box="[809,844,1922,1948]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">10.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49B562BAFFCE0E17FC8AF8E64ADF1CC9" box="[851,1018,1922,1948]" country="Kazakhstan" name="Almaty Oblysy" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">Almaty region</collectingRegion>
, ab
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B19A605FFCE0E17FBE8F8E64D081C96" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3003796318" collectingDate="2016-01-07" country="Kazakhstan" elevation="1220" latitude="43.14" location="Kapal" longLatPrecision="114" longitude="79.02167" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" specimenCount="1">
<locationDeviation id="9A7CB57AFFCE0E17FBE8F8E64C451CC9" box="[1073,1376,1922,1949]" location="Taldykorgan" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">
<quantity id="4C8901BDFFCE0E17FBE8F8E64D5F1CC9" box="[1073,1146,1922,1948]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" unit="km" value="60.0">60 km</quantity>
NE of Taldykorgan
</locationDeviation>
, near
<location id="8EAEFA83FFCE0E17FF4EF8C249F81C95" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D81D4EFFCE0E0AFF4EF9E24DB31EB0:8EAEFA83FFCE0E17FF4EF8C249F81C95" box="[151,221,1958,1984]" country="Kazakhstan" latitude="43.14" longLatPrecision="114" longitude="79.02167" name="Kapal" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">Kapal</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE45CA9FFFCE0E17FF31F8C248491C94" box="[232,364,1958,1985]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="08.4" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" precision="92" value="43.14">43° 08.4’ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE45CA9FFFCE0E17FEA1F8C248DD1C94" box="[376,504,1958,1985]" degrees="79" direction="east" minutes="01.3" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" precision="92" value="79.02167">79° 01.3’ E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="005C4B6BFFCE0E17FDDDF8C24BB31C95" box="[516,662,1958,1985]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" unit="m" value="1220.0">
<quantity id="4C8901BDFFCE0E17FDDDF8C24B7C1C94" box="[516,601,1958,1985]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" unit="m" value="1220.0">1220 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
,
<date id="FFCF8A98FFCE0E17FD7BF8C24A061C95" box="[674,803,1958,1984]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" value="2016-01-07">
<collectingDate id="EF8B7370FFCE0E17FD7BF8C24A061C95" box="[674,803,1958,1984]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" value="2016-01-07">01.07.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, song recordings in 2 ³
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF0EFCD0FFD10E08FF4EF9E94C0B1C44" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4358782" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4358782" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4358782/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="521" startId="16.[151,250,1677,1701]" targetBox="[245,1326,196,1628]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8BCEAC58FFD10E08FF4EF9E94C0B1C44" blockId="16.[151,1436,1677,1809]" pageId="16" pageNumber="521">
<emphasis id="B905704AFFD10E08FF4EF9E948051DF0" bold="true" box="[151,288,1677,1701]" pageId="16" pageNumber="521">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
Oscillograms and frequency spectra of the courtship song of
<taxonomicName id="4C71D7DBFFD10E08FC57F9E94D721DF0" baseAuthorityName="Zubovski" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[910,1111,1677,1701]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Chorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="521" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubius">
<emphasis id="B905704AFFD10E08FC57F9E94D721DF0" box="[910,1111,1677,1701]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="521">Chorthippus dubius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Altai. Song recordings are presented at three different speeds (faster oscillograms of the indicated parts of the songs shown in B–E). In all oscillograms the two upper lines are recordings of hind leg movements and the lower line is the sound recording. Different elements of the courtship song are indicated by numbers 1–2. Frequency spectra shown for the element 1 (F) and the element 2 (G).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0EFCD0FFD00E09FF4EF8434B6E1CA1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4358786" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4358786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4358786/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" startId="17.[151,250,1831,1855]" targetBox="[291,1319,196,1783]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="8BCEAC58FFD00E09FF4EF8434B6E1CA1" blockId="17.[151,1437,1831,2036]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">
<emphasis id="B905704AFFD00E09FF4EF84348051C6A" bold="true" box="[151,288,1831,1855]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
Oscillograms and frequency spectrum of the courtship songs of two males of
<taxonomicName id="4C71D7DBFFD00E09FBE6F84C4C361C15" baseAuthorityName="Uvarov" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1087,1299,1832,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Chorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="karelini">
<emphasis id="B905704AFFD00E09FBE6F84C4C361C15" box="[1087,1299,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Chorthippus karelini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Almaty region (A) and Aktobe region (B). Song recordings are presented at three different speeds (faster oscillograms of the indicated parts of the songs shown in C–F). In all oscillograms the two upper lines are recordings of hind leg movements and the lower line is the sound recording. Different elements of the courtship song are indicated by numbers 1–5, drawings show different positions of the hind legs and abdomen at the corresponding moments of the song. Frequency spectra shown for the element 3 (G), the element 4 (H), the element 5 (I–J).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C36BFFD3FFD30E0AFF1EFFF24DB31EB0" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BCEAC58FFD30E0AFF1EFFF24B3B1AF8" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,1509]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">
<emphasis id="B905704AFFD30E0AFF1EFFF248911BE4" bold="true" box="[199,436,150,177]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">References to song.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0D1A9FFD30E0AFE66FFF34B5A1BE4" author="Helversen, O. von" box="[447,639,151,177]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" pagination="319 - 342" refId="ref12018" refString="Helversen, O. von (1986) Courtship Song and Taxonomy of Grasshoppers in the Chorthippus albomarginatus - Group (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Zoologische Jahrbuecher (Systematik), 113, 319 - 342." type="journal article" year="1986">Helversen, 1986</bibRefCitation>
: recordings from
<collectingCountry id="F366ECC8FFD30E0AFC96FFF34AF01BE4" box="[847,981,151,177]" name="Turkey" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Asia Minor</collectingCountry>
, calling and courtship songs;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0D1A9FFD30E0AFAEDFFF348AC1B80" author="Vedenina, V. Yu. &amp; Bukhvalova, M. A." pageId="18" pageNumber="523" pagination="93 - 123" refId="ref12763" refString="Vedenina, V. Yu. &amp; Bukhvalova, M. A. (2001) Contributions to the study of acoustic signals of grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Gomphocerinae) from Russia and adjacent countries. 2. Calling songs of widespread species recorded in different localities. Russian Entomological Journal, 10, 93 - 123." type="journal article" year="2001">Vedenina &amp; Bukhvalova, 2001</bibRefCitation>
: recordings from
<collectingCountry id="F366ECC8FFD30E0AFD8DFFDF4BBA1B80" box="[596,671,187,213]" name="Russia" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Russia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49B562BAFFD30E0AFD69FFDF4BCF1B80" box="[688,746,187,213]" country="Russia" name="Altay" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Altai</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49B562BAFFD30E0AFCFAFFDF4A7A1B80" box="[803,863,187,213]" country="Russia" name="Tyva" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Tyva</collectingRegion>
), calling song;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0D1A9FFD30E0AFBD6FFDF4DFF1B80" author="Benediktov, A. A." box="[1039,1242,186,213]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" pagination="118 - 130" refId="ref11421" refString="Benediktov, A. A. (2005) Fauna and acoustic signals of grasshoppers of the genus Chorthippus Fieb. (Ortho-ptera, Acrididae) from southern Siberia. Trudy Russkogo Entomologicheskogo Obstshestva, 76, 118 - 130 [in Russian, English abstract]" type="journal article" year="2005">Benediktov, 2005</bibRefCitation>
: recordings from southern Siberia, calling and courtship songs;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0D1A9FFD30E0AFD7CFFBB4AF41BAC" author="Savitsky, V. Yu. &amp; Lekarev, A. Yu." box="[677,977,223,249]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref12500" refString="Savitsky, V. Yu. &amp; Lekarev, A. Yu. (2007) New data on acoustic communication and sexual behaviour of grasshoppers (Orthop- tera: Acrididae) from semi-deserts and deserts of Russia and adjacent countries. Russian Entomological Journal, 16, 1 - 38. [in Russian, English abstract]" type="journal article" year="2007">Savitsky &amp; Lekarev, 2007</bibRefCitation>
: recordings from
<collectingCountry id="F366ECC8FFD30E0AFB42FFBB4DC31BAC" box="[1179,1254,223,249]" name="Russia" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Russia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49B562BAFFD30E0AFB2CFFBB4C4E1BAC" box="[1269,1387,223,249]" country="Russia" name="Volgograd" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Volgograd</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49B562BAFFD30E0AFF4EFE6748341A48" box="[151,273,259,285]" country="Russia" name="Astrakhan'" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Astrakhan’</collectingRegion>
regions), calling and courtship songs; Bukhvalova &amp; Tishechkin, 2009: recordings from
<collectingCountry id="F366ECC8FFD30E0AFAFBFE674C481A48" box="[1314,1389,259,285]" name="Russia" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Russia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49B562BAFFD30E0AFAA6FE67480D1A17" country="Russia" name="Irkutsk" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Irkutsk region</collectingRegion>
), calling song;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0D1A9FFD30E0AFE0DFE434B5B1A14" author="Savitsky, V. Yu." box="[468,638,295,321]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" pagination="29 - 49" refId="ref12429" refString="Savitsky, V. Yu. (2009) Fauna, structure of communities and acoustic signals of grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Acridoidea) in environs of the Dzhanybek Research Station. Caucasian Entomological Bulluten, 5, 29 - 49. [in Russian, English abstract] https: // doi. org / 10.23885 / 1814 - 3326 - 2009 - 5 - 1 - 29 - 49" type="journal article" year="2009">Savitsky, 2009</bibRefCitation>
: recordings from
<collectingCountry id="F366ECC8FFD30E0AFC9FFE434AB41A14" box="[838,913,295,321]" name="Russia" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Russia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49B562BAFFD30E0AFC79FE434D4F1A17" box="[928,1130,295,322]" country="Russia" name="Volgograd" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Volgograd region</collectingRegion>
), calling song;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0D1A9FFD30E0AFACFFE4348711A30" author="Vedenina, V. Yu. &amp; Helversen, O. von" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" pagination="65 - 97" refId="ref12823" refString="Vedenina, V. Yu. &amp; Helversen, O. von (2009) A re-examination of the taxonomy of the Chorthippus albomarginatus group in Europe on the basis of song and morphology (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 152, 65 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 900000269" type="journal article" year="2009">Vedenina &amp; Helversen, 2009</bibRefCitation>
: recordings from
<collectingCountry id="F366ECC8FFD30E0AFDC5FE2F4B531A30" box="[540,630,331,357]" name="Ukraine" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49B562BAFFD30E0AFD5FFE2F4A1E1A33" box="[646,827,331,358]" country="Ukraine" name="Kherson" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Kherson region</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="F366ECC8FFD30E0AFC96FE2F4ABF1A30" box="[847,922,331,357]" name="Russia" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Russia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49B562BAFFD30E0AFC70FE2F4D561A33" box="[937,1139,331,358]" country="Russia" name="Volgograd" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Volgograd region</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="F366ECC8FFD30E0AFB5EFE2F4DF21A30" box="[1159,1239,331,357]" name="Turkey" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Turkey</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F366ECC8FFD30E0AFAD6FE2F4C661A30" box="[1295,1347,331,357]" name="Italy" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Italy</collectingCountry>
, calling and courtship songs;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0D1A9FFD30E0AFE5FFE0B4B1C1ADC" author="Vedenina, V. Y." box="[390,569,366,393]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" pagination="166 - 180" refId="ref12713" refString="Vedenina, V. Y. (2015) Courtship song analysis in two hybrid zones between sibling species of the Chorthippus albomarginatus group (Orthoptera, Gomphocerinae). Entomological Review, 95, 166 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0013873815020037" type="journal article" year="2015">Vedenina, 2015</bibRefCitation>
: recordings from
<collectingCountry id="F366ECC8FFD30E0AFCD9FE0B4A7F1ADC" box="[768,858,367,393]" name="Ukraine" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49B562BAFFD30E0AFCB0FE0B4D3E1ADF" box="[873,1051,367,394]" country="Ukraine" name="Kherson" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Kherson region</collectingRegion>
) and
<collectingCountry id="F366ECC8FFD30E0AFB83FE0B4D801ADC" box="[1114,1189,367,393]" name="Russia" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Russia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49B562BAFFD30E0AFB6DFE0B4C291ADC" box="[1204,1292,367,393]" country="Russia" name="Saratov" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Saratov</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B562BAFFD30E0AFAC1FE0B4C491ADC" box="[1304,1388,367,393]" country="Russia" name="Samara" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Samara</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49B562BAFFD30E0AFF4EFEF748271AF8" box="[151,258,403,429]" country="Russia" name="Orenburg" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Orenburg</collectingRegion>
regions), courtship song.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCEAC58FFD30E0AFF1EFED248511F90" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,1509]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">
<emphasis id="B905704AFFD30E0AFF1EFED2482C1A85" bold="true" box="[199,265,438,464]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Song.</emphasis>
The courtship song (
<figureCitation id="134AB0DDFFD30E0AFE2EFED34B6D1A84" box="[503,584,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1831,1855]" captionTargetBox="[291,1319,196,1783]" captionTargetId="figure-20@17.[252,1335,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 13. Oscillograms and frequency spectrum of the courtship songs of two males of Chorthippus karelini from Almaty region (A) and Aktobe region (B). Song recordings are presented at three different speeds (faster oscillograms of the indicated parts of the songs shown in C–F). In all oscillograms the two upper lines are recordings of hind leg movements and the lower line is the sound recording. Different elements of the courtship song are indicated by numbers 1–5, drawings show different positions of the hind legs and abdomen at the corresponding moments of the song. Frequency spectra shown for the element 3 (G), the element 4 (H), the element 5 (I–J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4358786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4358786/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
) starts with alternation of two elements, which are repeated with the period of about 1 s (
<figureCitation id="134AB0DDFFD30E0AFEF1FEBF48B01AA0" box="[296,405,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1831,1855]" captionTargetBox="[291,1319,196,1783]" captionTargetId="figure-20@17.[252,1335,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 13. Oscillograms and frequency spectrum of the courtship songs of two males of Chorthippus karelini from Almaty region (A) and Aktobe region (B). Song recordings are presented at three different speeds (faster oscillograms of the indicated parts of the songs shown in C–F). In all oscillograms the two upper lines are recordings of hind leg movements and the lower line is the sound recording. Different elements of the courtship song are indicated by numbers 1–5, drawings show different positions of the hind legs and abdomen at the corresponding moments of the song. Frequency spectra shown for the element 3 (G), the element 4 (H), the element 5 (I–J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4358786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4358786/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Fig. 13 C</figureCitation>
). When producing the element 1, the legs vibrate synchronously at the rate of about 10–11/s. When producing the element 2, the two hind legs vibrate with a phase shift at the rate of about 26–32/s in a complex pattern: every two up and down leg movements are coupled in a characteristic way. Oscillographic analysis shows that the syllables of the element 1 consist of the well pronounced pulses repeated at the rate of 21–24/s, whereas the syllables of the element 2 contain much more dense pulses following almost without gaps. The alternations of these two elements can last up to 2–3 min, followed by a complex of three more elements. The element 3 of the
<taxonomicName id="4C71D7DBFFD30E0AFF4EFDD748391998" baseAuthorityName="Uvarov" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[151,284,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Chorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="karelini">
<emphasis id="B905704AFFD30E0AFF4EFDD748391998" box="[151,284,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Ch. karelini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
song is similar to the element 2, but is remarkably longer, reaching 4–8 s in duration; the pulses of the element 3 are separated by gaps and repeated at the rate of about 98–103/s (
<figureCitation id="134AB0DDFFD30E0AFC2CFDB34D4419A4" box="[1013,1121,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1831,1855]" captionTargetBox="[291,1319,196,1783]" captionTargetId="figure-20@17.[252,1335,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 13. Oscillograms and frequency spectrum of the courtship songs of two males of Chorthippus karelini from Almaty region (A) and Aktobe region (B). Song recordings are presented at three different speeds (faster oscillograms of the indicated parts of the songs shown in C–F). In all oscillograms the two upper lines are recordings of hind leg movements and the lower line is the sound recording. Different elements of the courtship song are indicated by numbers 1–5, drawings show different positions of the hind legs and abdomen at the corresponding moments of the song. Frequency spectra shown for the element 3 (G), the element 4 (H), the element 5 (I–J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4358786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4358786/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Fig. 13 F</figureCitation>
). Then comes a rather short (200–400 ms), element 4; sometimes, one can distinguish in it the distinct pulses. The element 4 is produced by almost synchronous leg vibrations at the rate of about 40–53/s. A subsequent element 5 is accompanied by two fast strokes of the legs (
<figureCitation id="134AB0DDFFD30E0AFEABFC2748E71808" box="[370,450,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1831,1855]" captionTargetBox="[291,1319,196,1783]" captionTargetId="figure-20@17.[252,1335,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 13. Oscillograms and frequency spectrum of the courtship songs of two males of Chorthippus karelini from Almaty region (A) and Aktobe region (B). Song recordings are presented at three different speeds (faster oscillograms of the indicated parts of the songs shown in C–F). In all oscillograms the two upper lines are recordings of hind leg movements and the lower line is the sound recording. Different elements of the courtship song are indicated by numbers 1–5, drawings show different positions of the hind legs and abdomen at the corresponding moments of the song. Frequency spectra shown for the element 3 (G), the element 4 (H), the element 5 (I–J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4358786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4358786/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
D–F). During a first stroke, a short (about 100 ms) noisy sound is generated; this is followed by high-frequency leg vibrations that also produce a noisy sound lasting for 100–200 ms. A second stroke is accompanied with lifting of abdomen and produced with the tibiae; the maximal angle between tibia and femur is 30°. Both strokes are produced with synchronous movements of the two legs, but most of the element 5 is generated by alternate leg movements (
<figureCitation id="134AB0DDFFD30E0AFDCBFCB74B5918B8" box="[530,636,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1831,1855]" captionTargetBox="[291,1319,196,1783]" captionTargetId="figure-20@17.[252,1335,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 13. Oscillograms and frequency spectrum of the courtship songs of two males of Chorthippus karelini from Almaty region (A) and Aktobe region (B). Song recordings are presented at three different speeds (faster oscillograms of the indicated parts of the songs shown in C–F). In all oscillograms the two upper lines are recordings of hind leg movements and the lower line is the sound recording. Different elements of the courtship song are indicated by numbers 1–5, drawings show different positions of the hind legs and abdomen at the corresponding moments of the song. Frequency spectra shown for the element 3 (G), the element 4 (H), the element 5 (I–J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4358786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4358786/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Fig. 13 F</figureCitation>
). During the second stroke, a short loud pulse is produced, followed by a quieter syllable of distinct pulses lasting for 200–300 ms. The element 5 reminds the calling song of
<taxonomicName id="4C71D7DBFFD30E0AFAC9FC934CB11F44" baseAuthorityName="Uvarov" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1296,1428,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Chorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="karelini">
<emphasis id="B905704AFFD30E0AFAC9FC934CB11F44" box="[1296,1428,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Ch. karelini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; however, both strokes in the element 5 are of higher amplitude and of shorter duration than in the calling song (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0D1A9FFD30E0AFAAAFB7F48E01F0C" author="Vedenina, V. Yu. &amp; Helversen, O. von" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" pagination="65 - 97" refId="ref12823" refString="Vedenina, V. Yu. &amp; Helversen, O. von (2009) A re-examination of the taxonomy of the Chorthippus albomarginatus group in Europe on the basis of song and morphology (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 152, 65 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 900000269" type="journal article" year="2009">Vedenina &amp; Helversen, 2009</bibRefCitation>
). The complex of the elements 3, 4 and 5 is usually repeated 2–3 times, and then again followed by the alternation of the elements 1 and 2. A male tries to copulate with a female after the element 5. The frequency spectra of elements 3 and 4 are much more narrow (10–20 kHz) than the spectra of the element 5 (5–40 kHz) (
<figureCitation id="134AB0DDFFD30E0AFF07FBCF480A1F90" box="[222,303,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1831,1855]" captionTargetBox="[291,1319,196,1783]" captionTargetId="figure-20@17.[252,1335,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 13. Oscillograms and frequency spectrum of the courtship songs of two males of Chorthippus karelini from Almaty region (A) and Aktobe region (B). Song recordings are presented at three different speeds (faster oscillograms of the indicated parts of the songs shown in C–F). In all oscillograms the two upper lines are recordings of hind leg movements and the lower line is the sound recording. Different elements of the courtship song are indicated by numbers 1–5, drawings show different positions of the hind legs and abdomen at the corresponding moments of the song. Frequency spectra shown for the element 3 (G), the element 4 (H), the element 5 (I–J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4358786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4358786/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
G–J).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCEAC58FFD30E0AFF1EFBAA4DB31EB0" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,1509]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">
<emphasis id="B905704AFFD30E0AFF1EFBAA48FD1FBC" bold="true" box="[199,472,1230,1257]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Comparative remarks.</emphasis>
The recordings of courtship song in
<taxonomicName id="4C71D7DBFFD30E0AFCA2FBAB4D251FBC" baseAuthorityName="Uvarov" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[891,1024,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Chorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="karelini">
<emphasis id="B905704AFFD30E0AFCA2FBAB4D251FBC" box="[891,1024,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Ch. karelini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F366ECC8FFD30E0AFB9FFBAB4DEC1FBC" box="[1094,1225,1231,1257]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
do not differ from the recordings from
<collectingCountry id="F366ECC8FFD30E0AFE58FB974B231E58" box="[385,518,1267,1293]" name="Turkey" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Asia Minor</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F366ECC8FFD30E0AFDCDFB974B4B1E58" box="[532,622,1267,1293]" name="Ukraine" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
and south-east of European
<collectingCountry id="F366ECC8FFD30E0AFC62FB974D231E58" box="[955,1030,1267,1293]" name="Russia" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Russia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0D1A9FFD30E0AFBCEFB974C421E58" author="Vedenina, V. Yu. &amp; Helversen, O. von" box="[1047,1383,1267,1293]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" pagination="65 - 97" refId="ref12823" refString="Vedenina, V. Yu. &amp; Helversen, O. von (2009) A re-examination of the taxonomy of the Chorthippus albomarginatus group in Europe on the basis of song and morphology (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 152, 65 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 900000269" type="journal article" year="2009">Vedenina &amp; Helversen, 2009</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0D1A9FFD30E0AFAACFB97480A1E64" author="Vedenina, V. Y." pageId="18" pageNumber="523" pagination="166 - 180" refId="ref12713" refString="Vedenina, V. Y. (2015) Courtship song analysis in two hybrid zones between sibling species of the Chorthippus albomarginatus group (Orthoptera, Gomphocerinae). Entomological Review, 95, 166 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0013873815020037" type="journal article" year="2015">Vedenina, 2015</bibRefCitation>
). Our recordings, however, slightly differ in the relative amplitude of the elements 3, 4 and 5 from those made by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0D1A9FFD30E0AFE9AFA5F4B331E00" author="Benediktov, A. A." box="[323,534,1338,1365]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" pagination="118 - 130" refId="ref11421" refString="Benediktov, A. A. (2005) Fauna and acoustic signals of grasshoppers of the genus Chorthippus Fieb. (Ortho-ptera, Acrididae) from southern Siberia. Trudy Russkogo Entomologicheskogo Obstshestva, 76, 118 - 130 [in Russian, English abstract]" type="journal article" year="2005">Benediktov (2005)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0D1A9FFD30E0AFD96FA5F4AA31E00" author="Savitsky, V. Yu. &amp; Lekarev, A. Yu." box="[591,902,1339,1365]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref12500" refString="Savitsky, V. Yu. &amp; Lekarev, A. Yu. (2007) New data on acoustic communication and sexual behaviour of grasshoppers (Orthop- tera: Acrididae) from semi-deserts and deserts of Russia and adjacent countries. Russian Entomological Journal, 16, 1 - 38. [in Russian, English abstract]" type="journal article" year="2007">Savitsky &amp; Lekarev (2007)</bibRefCitation>
. The differences may arise from the distortions of the relative amplitude in various elements, similarly to those shown in
<taxonomicName id="4C71D7DBFFD30E0AFC1DFA3B4D661E2C" baseAuthorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[964,1091,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Myrmeleotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis id="B905704AFFD30E0AFC1DFA3B4D661E2C" box="[964,1091,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">M. pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The recordings of
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0D1A9FFD30E0AFAC2FA3B49C71EC8" author="Benediktov, A. A." pageId="18" pageNumber="523" pagination="118 - 130" refId="ref11421" refString="Benediktov, A. A. (2005) Fauna and acoustic signals of grasshoppers of the genus Chorthippus Fieb. (Ortho-ptera, Acrididae) from southern Siberia. Trudy Russkogo Entomologicheskogo Obstshestva, 76, 118 - 130 [in Russian, English abstract]" type="journal article" year="2005">Benediktov (2005)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0D1A9FFD30E0AFEC3FAE74B6B1EC8" author="Savitsky, V. Yu. &amp; Lekarev, A. Yu." box="[282,590,1411,1437]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref12500" refString="Savitsky, V. Yu. &amp; Lekarev, A. Yu. (2007) New data on acoustic communication and sexual behaviour of grasshoppers (Orthop- tera: Acrididae) from semi-deserts and deserts of Russia and adjacent countries. Russian Entomological Journal, 16, 1 - 38. [in Russian, English abstract]" type="journal article" year="2007">Savitsky &amp; Lekarev (2007)</bibRefCitation>
were made with the filed cassette recorders with the upper frequency limit not exceeding 15 kHz. Thus, the elements that have broader frequency spectra extending to the ultrasound band have smaller amplitude than the elements with the frequency spectra that lie below 20 kHz.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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