treatments-xml/data/03/C3/B8/03C3B82F923DC96A07C8F91AFEE63968.xml

<document id="94054AFDF444C6EE2489CB4F8F4506F1" ID-CLB-Dataset="30325" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4405.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="55df350b-41c6-4f2e-9a18-c0be6d47498b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3097993" ID-ZooBank="D33BF380-5AF7-4645-86C7-9981C528EAF0" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1522988054869" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Alitto, Renata A. S., Bueno, Maristela L., Guilherme, Pablo D. B., Domenico, Maikon Di, Christensen, Ana Beardsley &amp; Borges, Michela" docDate="2018" docId="03C3B82F923DC96A07C8F91AFEE63968" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4405.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4405 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Ophiothela Verrill 1867" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FFFAC057922CC978075FFFCEFF883E24" masterDocTitle="Shallow-water brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Araçá Bay (Southeastern Brazil), with spatial distribution considerations" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1698535905832" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="808D1775627649C455D9F56002E3323B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="F4240BDEF8090FF621521F7B51A5F68C">
<mods:title id="E849220411309A17D8444AFAD906DBF6">Shallow-water brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Araçá Bay (Southeastern Brazil), with spatial distribution considerations</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="DF85E66FFAC2EFBF6F0D5385B59DFC2C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="86F2A1B738EB78C3B7388D4983F64A0A">
<mods:roleTerm id="BB031A1588297F5BC3006EBF1E8CD745">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A319B341DAAAD5FB35FCD30C8CE64CDC">Alitto, Renata A. S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6A89FEE531DFFF148A4F6B96053665A1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="88ECFA5CB12D092B30D58584F3121267">
<mods:roleTerm id="1F0068922C056DF0FA255E2BEF1C8FAB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A86DF130BEC6A75A6565DFAA74BE1CC6">Bueno, Maristela L.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="261FF06DB73ED9E94949C539EC4534FB" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F0232D2C2EB4E786CAB9D4F5510722FA">
<mods:roleTerm id="912DFD483CB67AB6BBED13145459879C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6933BA3397261E0B4E1090DC5F85F4F9">Guilherme, Pablo D. B.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="57C0CA3EC947400C76A7BFD3400C0F1C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="59F7ED3CE8BC18048951FFE99AC9BBFA">
<mods:roleTerm id="DB64ED59D4AFBC674DA5759F7BE7CC60">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="74064F4998AE5FC0483913777AA5300E">Domenico, Maikon Di</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F1421F2B81D9955C0518281EF15B3736" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D2A981CED27DB328F13BB11ABB4D9BF8">
<mods:roleTerm id="D6B14435C539E266B7C52809C32B0EB6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CED43D71BE3B353A27127E9C6E51C846">Christensen, Ana Beardsley</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B5C2F9481E42233C58DD83E69A2E355B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="ED82CC362868237C380EFBB1725F26B6">
<mods:roleTerm id="9EBD23BBD0E8B6AF85F846E3DF5F11EA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6D8FA00B1860187A300B9A3BAEE4D6D7">Borges, Michela</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="1B90468BCC3DFB021E4E66D4E0452E15">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="3A01E6B8225F2443A224C646B07D5CF6" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="C2389D5EAB1A80CE5425725A1AAE0BE6">
<mods:title id="45CC3C38821C43F17F1A0E9683382444">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="6B173E6B7BE8F96A2D6850282CBE6AF2">
<mods:date id="9601DC6E4AEF012B8D66DEE5E7B3254D">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="F042C4463C6EC9CEA87EA07226507643" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="7F78F5423A9842B5580B7CC2400149A9">2018-04-06</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="9AC6408936C16B07FA52917D38AE9419" type="volume">
<mods:number id="DCE8FA26FB8B96FDA913380ED17265F6">4405</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="A2D87871AC3E01289A863850019FD05B" type="issue">
<mods:number id="427B19F7E3DE81B2E4C400293825E313">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="67FFAC4A7B9FD1BB12ECBE8FEEBE1ADC" unit="page">
<mods:start id="73CC38497DC39554DA8BCEB7296E6FA2">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="46376AD5AF1C82BDC71CF6767636D25C">66</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="A1640B10669761DAE093990FE21852CC">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="2CFC317E1FAA4B1E295625F821C1554B" type="CLB-Dataset">30325</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="32A13DB75184814A4F1BB94EDD73394B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4405.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5D50DA859A477DC011841A05A9099159" type="GBIF-Dataset">55df350b-41c6-4f2e-9a18-c0be6d47498b</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2116BA903ABF4B5DB075000DB23795B3" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F3BA1A00345A17FC2B7CD2F39852CAC1" type="Zenodo-Dep">3097993</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2A5F7BAF184CF92A3AC4DFBC3243ED06" type="ZooBank">D33BF380-5AF7-4645-86C7-9981C528EAF0</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03C3B82F923DC96A07C8F91AFEE63968" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5985112" ID-GBIF-Taxon="143478613" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5985112" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C3B82F923DC96A07C8F91AFEE63968" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C3B82F923DC96A07C8F91AFEE63968" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<subSubSection id="C3705AB2923DC96907C8F91AFF63392B" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD50939923DC96907C8F91AFEC138CA" blockId="17.[151,329,1748,1807]" box="[151,329,1748,1774]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="D09DBE55923DC96907C8F91AFEC138CA" bold="true" box="[151,329,1748,1774]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B91ED52B923DC96907C8F91AFEC138CA" bold="true" box="[151,329,1748,1774]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C6A72BA923DC96907C8F91AFE9638CA" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,286,1748,1774]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91ED52B923DC96907C8F91AFE9638CA" bold="true" box="[151,286,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ophiothela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD50939923DC96907C8F938FF63392B" blockId="17.[151,329,1748,1807]" box="[151,235,1782,1807]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
(
<figureCitation id="135115BC923DC96907C0F938FF6A392B" box="[159,226,1782,1807]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ophiothela sp. ZUEC OPH 2193 (2 mm dd). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Detail of the oral view. (D) Detail of dorsal arm. (E) Detail of ventral arm. (F) Detail of ventral-most arm spine. (G) Ventral arm plate. (H-I) Lateral arm plate. (J) Vertebra—proximal surface. (K) Vertebra—distal surface. (L) Vertebra—dorsal surface. (M) Vertebra—ventral surface. Abbreviations:ads: adoral shields; as: arm spine; cdp: cluster of dental papillae; d: dorsal; ddi: dorso-distal; dk: distal keel; ddmf: dorso-distal muscular fossae; di: distal; dp: dorso-proximal; gr: granule; jd: jaw depression; lg: large groove; os: oral shields; otp: oral tentacle pore; p: proximal; rs: radial shields; v: ventral; vap: ventral arm plate; vdi: ventro-distal; vp: ventro-proximal;zd:zygocondyle; zp: zygosphene.Stereomicroscope photos:(A)–(E), scalebar equal to 0.5mm.SEM photos: (F)–(M), scale bar equal to 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3098005/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3705AB2923DC96907C8F8F0FD6C39BA" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD50939923DC96907C8F8F0FD6C39BA" blockId="17.[151,1436,1854,2023]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B91ED52B923DC96907C8F8F0FE093973" bold="true" box="[151,385,1854,1879]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Material examined.</emphasis>
27 specimens (dd: 
<quantity id="4C92A4DC923DC9690503F8F1FD6C3973" box="[604,740,1855,1879]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="1.55" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="0.9">0.9–2.2 mm</quantity>
) from subtidal: ZUEC OPH 2189, St. IX, 1 spm; ZUEC OPH 2190, St. XI, 1 spm; ZUEC OPH 2193, St. XI, 1 spm; ZUEC OPH 2278, St. XXVI, 13 spms; ZUEC OPH 2298, St. 136, 10 spms; ZUEC OPH 2332, St. XXXIV, 1 spm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3705AB2923DC96A0798F864FD7D3B14" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD50939923DC96A0798F864FB8F3F64" blockId="17.[151,1436,1854,2023]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,151,1869]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B91ED52B923DC9690798F864FED139E7" bold="true" box="[199,345,1962,1987]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Description.</emphasis>
Disc: (dd: 
<quantity id="4C92A4DC923DC969068BF865FD9D39E7" box="[468,533,1963,1987]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
) star-shaped, with interradial recesses, rounded granules scattered over the entire dorsal surface, larger between radial shields. Radial shields triangular, large (two-thirds of dd), united distally and separated proximally by one scale. Radial shield pairs separated by a narrow row of plates bearing granules. 
<collectingRegion id="49AEC7DB923EC96A07C8FF72FF623EF1" box="[151,234,188,213]" country="Fiji" name="Central" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Central</collectingRegion>
area depressed, radial shields elevated (
<figureCitation id="135115BC923EC96A0594FF72FCA33EF1" box="[715,811,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ophiothela sp. ZUEC OPH 2193 (2 mm dd). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Detail of the oral view. (D) Detail of dorsal arm. (E) Detail of ventral arm. (F) Detail of ventral-most arm spine. (G) Ventral arm plate. (H-I) Lateral arm plate. (J) Vertebra—proximal surface. (K) Vertebra—distal surface. (L) Vertebra—dorsal surface. (M) Vertebra—ventral surface. Abbreviations:ads: adoral shields; as: arm spine; cdp: cluster of dental papillae; d: dorsal; ddi: dorso-distal; dk: distal keel; ddmf: dorso-distal muscular fossae; di: distal; dp: dorso-proximal; gr: granule; jd: jaw depression; lg: large groove; os: oral shields; otp: oral tentacle pore; p: proximal; rs: radial shields; v: ventral; vap: ventral arm plate; vdi: ventro-distal; vp: ventro-proximal;zd:zygocondyle; zp: zygosphene.Stereomicroscope photos:(A)–(E), scalebar equal to 0.5mm.SEM photos: (F)–(M), scale bar equal to 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3098005/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). Ventral surface covered by skin, translucent in dry specimens (
<figureCitation id="135115BC923EC96A0640FF11FEF33EDC" box="[287,379,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ophiothela sp. ZUEC OPH 2193 (2 mm dd). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Detail of the oral view. (D) Detail of dorsal arm. (E) Detail of ventral arm. (F) Detail of ventral-most arm spine. (G) Ventral arm plate. (H-I) Lateral arm plate. (J) Vertebra—proximal surface. (K) Vertebra—distal surface. (L) Vertebra—dorsal surface. (M) Vertebra—ventral surface. Abbreviations:ads: adoral shields; as: arm spine; cdp: cluster of dental papillae; d: dorsal; ddi: dorso-distal; dk: distal keel; ddmf: dorso-distal muscular fossae; di: distal; dp: dorso-proximal; gr: granule; jd: jaw depression; lg: large groove; os: oral shields; otp: oral tentacle pore; p: proximal; rs: radial shields; v: ventral; vap: ventral arm plate; vdi: ventro-distal; vp: ventro-proximal;zd:zygocondyle; zp: zygosphene.Stereomicroscope photos:(A)–(E), scalebar equal to 0.5mm.SEM photos: (F)–(M), scale bar equal to 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3098005/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
). Oral shields slightly broadened proximally. Adoral shields broadened distally and united proximally. Depression between two oral plates. A cluster of dental papillae on the dental plate and without lateral oral papilla (
<figureCitation id="135115BC923EC96A067AFEE9FEF63F64" box="[293,382,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ophiothela sp. ZUEC OPH 2193 (2 mm dd). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Detail of the oral view. (D) Detail of dorsal arm. (E) Detail of ventral arm. (F) Detail of ventral-most arm spine. (G) Ventral arm plate. (H-I) Lateral arm plate. (J) Vertebra—proximal surface. (K) Vertebra—distal surface. (L) Vertebra—dorsal surface. (M) Vertebra—ventral surface. Abbreviations:ads: adoral shields; as: arm spine; cdp: cluster of dental papillae; d: dorsal; ddi: dorso-distal; dk: distal keel; ddmf: dorso-distal muscular fossae; di: distal; dp: dorso-proximal; gr: granule; jd: jaw depression; lg: large groove; os: oral shields; otp: oral tentacle pore; p: proximal; rs: radial shields; v: ventral; vap: ventral arm plate; vdi: ventro-distal; vp: ventro-proximal;zd:zygocondyle; zp: zygosphene.Stereomicroscope photos:(A)–(E), scalebar equal to 0.5mm.SEM photos: (F)–(M), scale bar equal to 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3098005/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
). Oral tentacle pore large and opening at the mouth angle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD50939923EC96A0798FE82FCCE3FF4" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Arms: six arms, dorsoventrally coiled (
<figureCitation id="135115BC923EC96A05D3FE82FD6F3F41" box="[652,743,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ophiothela sp. ZUEC OPH 2193 (2 mm dd). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Detail of the oral view. (D) Detail of dorsal arm. (E) Detail of ventral arm. (F) Detail of ventral-most arm spine. (G) Ventral arm plate. (H-I) Lateral arm plate. (J) Vertebra—proximal surface. (K) Vertebra—distal surface. (L) Vertebra—dorsal surface. (M) Vertebra—ventral surface. Abbreviations:ads: adoral shields; as: arm spine; cdp: cluster of dental papillae; d: dorsal; ddi: dorso-distal; dk: distal keel; ddmf: dorso-distal muscular fossae; di: distal; dp: dorso-proximal; gr: granule; jd: jaw depression; lg: large groove; os: oral shields; otp: oral tentacle pore; p: proximal; rs: radial shields; v: ventral; vap: ventral arm plate; vdi: ventro-distal; vp: ventro-proximal;zd:zygocondyle; zp: zygosphene.Stereomicroscope photos:(A)–(E), scalebar equal to 0.5mm.SEM photos: (F)–(M), scale bar equal to 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3098005/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
) and covered with scattered granules, dorsal arm plates not visible (
<figureCitation id="135115BC923EC96A07ACFEA1FEC73FAC" box="[243,335,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ophiothela sp. ZUEC OPH 2193 (2 mm dd). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Detail of the oral view. (D) Detail of dorsal arm. (E) Detail of ventral arm. (F) Detail of ventral-most arm spine. (G) Ventral arm plate. (H-I) Lateral arm plate. (J) Vertebra—proximal surface. (K) Vertebra—distal surface. (L) Vertebra—dorsal surface. (M) Vertebra—ventral surface. Abbreviations:ads: adoral shields; as: arm spine; cdp: cluster of dental papillae; d: dorsal; ddi: dorso-distal; dk: distal keel; ddmf: dorso-distal muscular fossae; di: distal; dp: dorso-proximal; gr: granule; jd: jaw depression; lg: large groove; os: oral shields; otp: oral tentacle pore; p: proximal; rs: radial shields; v: ventral; vap: ventral arm plate; vdi: ventro-distal; vp: ventro-proximal;zd:zygocondyle; zp: zygosphene.Stereomicroscope photos:(A)–(E), scalebar equal to 0.5mm.SEM photos: (F)–(M), scale bar equal to 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3098005/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
). Ventral arm plates three times as long as wide, distal region wider than the proximal, notch in distal edge, the first three plates contiguous, the others separated by lateral arm plates (
<figureCitation id="135115BC923EC96A0324FE5AFB673F89" box="[1147,1263,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ophiothela sp. ZUEC OPH 2193 (2 mm dd). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Detail of the oral view. (D) Detail of dorsal arm. (E) Detail of ventral arm. (F) Detail of ventral-most arm spine. (G) Ventral arm plate. (H-I) Lateral arm plate. (J) Vertebra—proximal surface. (K) Vertebra—distal surface. (L) Vertebra—dorsal surface. (M) Vertebra—ventral surface. Abbreviations:ads: adoral shields; as: arm spine; cdp: cluster of dental papillae; d: dorsal; ddi: dorso-distal; dk: distal keel; ddmf: dorso-distal muscular fossae; di: distal; dp: dorso-proximal; gr: granule; jd: jaw depression; lg: large groove; os: oral shields; otp: oral tentacle pore; p: proximal; rs: radial shields; v: ventral; vap: ventral arm plate; vdi: ventro-distal; vp: ventro-proximal;zd:zygocondyle; zp: zygosphene.Stereomicroscope photos:(A)–(E), scalebar equal to 0.5mm.SEM photos: (F)–(M), scale bar equal to 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3098005/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 5E,G</figureCitation>
). Three to four arm spines, ventral shortest and bearing sharp teeth (
<figureCitation id="135115BC923EC96A05BBFE79FCB23FF4" box="[740,826,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ophiothela sp. ZUEC OPH 2193 (2 mm dd). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Detail of the oral view. (D) Detail of dorsal arm. (E) Detail of ventral arm. (F) Detail of ventral-most arm spine. (G) Ventral arm plate. (H-I) Lateral arm plate. (J) Vertebra—proximal surface. (K) Vertebra—distal surface. (L) Vertebra—dorsal surface. (M) Vertebra—ventral surface. Abbreviations:ads: adoral shields; as: arm spine; cdp: cluster of dental papillae; d: dorsal; ddi: dorso-distal; dk: distal keel; ddmf: dorso-distal muscular fossae; di: distal; dp: dorso-proximal; gr: granule; jd: jaw depression; lg: large groove; os: oral shields; otp: oral tentacle pore; p: proximal; rs: radial shields; v: ventral; vap: ventral arm plate; vdi: ventro-distal; vp: ventro-proximal;zd:zygocondyle; zp: zygosphene.Stereomicroscope photos:(A)–(E), scalebar equal to 0.5mm.SEM photos: (F)–(M), scale bar equal to 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3098005/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD50939923EC96A0798FE12FBEA3CD4" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Lateral arm plates (
<figureCitation id="135115BC923EC96A06FBFE12FD983FD1" box="[420,528,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ophiothela sp. ZUEC OPH 2193 (2 mm dd). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Detail of the oral view. (D) Detail of dorsal arm. (E) Detail of ventral arm. (F) Detail of ventral-most arm spine. (G) Ventral arm plate. (H-I) Lateral arm plate. (J) Vertebra—proximal surface. (K) Vertebra—distal surface. (L) Vertebra—dorsal surface. (M) Vertebra—ventral surface. Abbreviations:ads: adoral shields; as: arm spine; cdp: cluster of dental papillae; d: dorsal; ddi: dorso-distal; dk: distal keel; ddmf: dorso-distal muscular fossae; di: distal; dp: dorso-proximal; gr: granule; jd: jaw depression; lg: large groove; os: oral shields; otp: oral tentacle pore; p: proximal; rs: radial shields; v: ventral; vap: ventral arm plate; vdi: ventro-distal; vp: ventro-proximal;zd:zygocondyle; zp: zygosphene.Stereomicroscope photos:(A)–(E), scalebar equal to 0.5mm.SEM photos: (F)–(M), scale bar equal to 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3098005/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 5H,I</figureCitation>
): general outline: ventral portion projecting ventro-proximalwards; ventro-distal tip not projecting ventralwards. Outer surface ornamentation: trabecular intersections protruding to form knobs larger than stereom pores on most of outer surface. Outer proximal edge: surface without discernible band of different stereom structure; without spurs; central part protruding; surface without horizontal striation. Spine articulations: on same level as remaining outer surface; dorsalwards increasing in size; distance between spine articulations equidistant. Lobes simply separated, equal-sized; lobes parallel, straight, oriented nearly horizontal; stereom massive; sigmoidal fold absent. Inner side, ridges and knobs: inner side apparently without knob and ridge; without additional dorsal structure on inner side; single large perforation on inner side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD50939923EC96A0798FD32FF463DEC" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Vertebrae: zygospondylous of aberrant 
<typeStatus id="54D1B79B923EC96A05D9FD33FD3E3D31" box="[646,694,765,789]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
and keeled. Large groove on proximal side of vertebrae dorsally corresponding to distalwards projecting dorso-distal muscular fossae of distal side (
<figureCitation id="135115BC923EC96A03D5FCD1FB693D1C" box="[1162,1249,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ophiothela sp. ZUEC OPH 2193 (2 mm dd). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Detail of the oral view. (D) Detail of dorsal arm. (E) Detail of ventral arm. (F) Detail of ventral-most arm spine. (G) Ventral arm plate. (H-I) Lateral arm plate. (J) Vertebra—proximal surface. (K) Vertebra—distal surface. (L) Vertebra—dorsal surface. (M) Vertebra—ventral surface. Abbreviations:ads: adoral shields; as: arm spine; cdp: cluster of dental papillae; d: dorsal; ddi: dorso-distal; dk: distal keel; ddmf: dorso-distal muscular fossae; di: distal; dp: dorso-proximal; gr: granule; jd: jaw depression; lg: large groove; os: oral shields; otp: oral tentacle pore; p: proximal; rs: radial shields; v: ventral; vap: ventral arm plate; vdi: ventro-distal; vp: ventro-proximal;zd:zygocondyle; zp: zygosphene.Stereomicroscope photos:(A)–(E), scalebar equal to 0.5mm.SEM photos: (F)–(M), scale bar equal to 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3098005/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 5J</figureCitation>
). Zygocondyles dorsalwards converging (they appear to be reduced and are difficult to observe) and zygosphene present and fused with pair of zygocondyles (
<figureCitation id="135115BC923EC96A0680FCA9FDB63DA4" box="[479,574,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ophiothela sp. ZUEC OPH 2193 (2 mm dd). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Detail of the oral view. (D) Detail of dorsal arm. (E) Detail of ventral arm. (F) Detail of ventral-most arm spine. (G) Ventral arm plate. (H-I) Lateral arm plate. (J) Vertebra—proximal surface. (K) Vertebra—distal surface. (L) Vertebra—dorsal surface. (M) Vertebra—ventral surface. Abbreviations:ads: adoral shields; as: arm spine; cdp: cluster of dental papillae; d: dorsal; ddi: dorso-distal; dk: distal keel; ddmf: dorso-distal muscular fossae; di: distal; dp: dorso-proximal; gr: granule; jd: jaw depression; lg: large groove; os: oral shields; otp: oral tentacle pore; p: proximal; rs: radial shields; v: ventral; vap: ventral arm plate; vdi: ventro-distal; vp: ventro-proximal;zd:zygocondyle; zp: zygosphene.Stereomicroscope photos:(A)–(E), scalebar equal to 0.5mm.SEM photos: (F)–(M), scale bar equal to 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3098005/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 5K</figureCitation>
). Dorso-distal muscular fossae transformed distalwards clearly projecting beyond zygocondyles (true keel) (
<figureCitation id="135115BC923EC96A0548FC42FDE73D81" box="[535,623,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ophiothela sp. ZUEC OPH 2193 (2 mm dd). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Detail of the oral view. (D) Detail of dorsal arm. (E) Detail of ventral arm. (F) Detail of ventral-most arm spine. (G) Ventral arm plate. (H-I) Lateral arm plate. (J) Vertebra—proximal surface. (K) Vertebra—distal surface. (L) Vertebra—dorsal surface. (M) Vertebra—ventral surface. Abbreviations:ads: adoral shields; as: arm spine; cdp: cluster of dental papillae; d: dorsal; ddi: dorso-distal; dk: distal keel; ddmf: dorso-distal muscular fossae; di: distal; dp: dorso-proximal; gr: granule; jd: jaw depression; lg: large groove; os: oral shields; otp: oral tentacle pore; p: proximal; rs: radial shields; v: ventral; vap: ventral arm plate; vdi: ventro-distal; vp: ventro-proximal;zd:zygocondyle; zp: zygosphene.Stereomicroscope photos:(A)–(E), scalebar equal to 0.5mm.SEM photos: (F)–(M), scale bar equal to 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3098005/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 5L</figureCitation>
). Zygosphene not projecting beyond ventral edge of zygocondyles (
<figureCitation id="135115BC923EC96A0230FC42FF4A3DEC" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ophiothela sp. ZUEC OPH 2193 (2 mm dd). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Detail of the oral view. (D) Detail of dorsal arm. (E) Detail of ventral arm. (F) Detail of ventral-most arm spine. (G) Ventral arm plate. (H-I) Lateral arm plate. (J) Vertebra—proximal surface. (K) Vertebra—distal surface. (L) Vertebra—dorsal surface. (M) Vertebra—ventral surface. Abbreviations:ads: adoral shields; as: arm spine; cdp: cluster of dental papillae; d: dorsal; ddi: dorso-distal; dk: distal keel; ddmf: dorso-distal muscular fossae; di: distal; dp: dorso-proximal; gr: granule; jd: jaw depression; lg: large groove; os: oral shields; otp: oral tentacle pore; p: proximal; rs: radial shields; v: ventral; vap: ventral arm plate; vdi: ventro-distal; vp: ventro-proximal;zd:zygocondyle; zp: zygosphene.Stereomicroscope photos:(A)–(E), scalebar equal to 0.5mm.SEM photos: (F)–(M), scale bar equal to 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3098005/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 5M</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD50939923EC96A0798FC1AFD7D3B14" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B91ED52B923EC96A0798FC1AFE593DC9" bold="true" box="[199,465,980,1005]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Taxonomic comments.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6A72BA923EC96A0688FC1AFDDD3DC8" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1867" box="[471,597,980,1004]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91ED52B923EC96A0688FC1AFDDD3DC8" box="[471,597,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ophiothela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. was identified based on descriptions of the most comprehensive studies (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C8923EC96A07C1FC39FEA73A34" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[158,303,1015,1040]" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="247 - 351" part="1" refId="ref55125" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1867) Notes on the Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1, 247 - 351. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13387" title="Notes on the Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, with descriptions of new genera and species" type="journal article" year="1867">Verrill 1867</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C8923EC96A061FFC39FE5A3A34" author="Clark, A. M." box="[320,466,1015,1040]" editor="Jones, O. A." journalOrPublisher="Academic Press, New York" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="95 - 123" refId="ref46278" refString="Clark, A. M. (1976 a) Echinoderms of coral reefs. In: Jones, O. A. &amp; Endean, R. (Eds.), Biology and geology of coral reefs. Academic Press, New York, pp. 95 - 123. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 395527 - 2.50010 - X" title="Echinoderms of coral reefs" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Biology and geology of coral reefs" year="1976">Clark 1976a</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C8923EC96A06BCFC39FCA03A34" author="Cherbonnier, G. &amp; Guille, A." bookContentInfo="252 pp." box="[483,808,1015,1040]" journalOrPublisher="Editions du CNRS, Paris" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref45795" refString="Cherbonnier, G. &amp; Guille, A. (1978) Echinodermes: ophiurides. Editions du CNRS, Paris, 252 pp." title="Echinodermes: ophiurides" type="book" year="1978">Cherbonnier &amp; Guille 1978</bibRefCitation>
). The specimens were not identified to species level because the delineation of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A72BA923EC96A069EFBD2FDB73A10" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1867" box="[449,575,1052,1076]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91ED52B923EC96A069EFBD2FDB73A10" box="[449,575,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ophiothela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species is unclear with many overlapping features. Therefore, we emphasize the necessity of a taxonomic revision of this genus. The shape of the dorsal arm plate was not described due to the presence of granules, making it difficult to observe the edges of the plates. We also assume that the dorsal arm plates are very tiny as they were not observed under the stereomicroscope. The vertebrae were classified as an aberrant 
<typeStatus id="54D1B79B923EC96A07A5FB63FEA23AE1" box="[250,298,1197,1221]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
because the zygocondyles and zygosphene were apparently absent or reduced, similar to findings of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C8923EC96A07C8FB01FEA63ACC" author="Viana, F. S." bookContentInfo="53 pp." box="[151,302,1231,1256]" journalOrPublisher="Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref55276" refString="Viana, F. S. (2010) Taxonomia das Familias Ophiotrichidae, Ophiocomidae e Ophionereididae (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) presentes na regiao entre Salvador / BA (13 ºS) e o Cabo de Sao Tome / RJ (22 ºS). Master Dissertation, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 53 pp." title="Taxonomia das Familias Ophiotrichidae, Ophiocomidae e Ophionereididae (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) presentes na regiao entre Salvador / BA (13 ºS) e o Cabo de Sao Tome / RJ (22 ºS)" type="book" year="2010">Viana (2010)</bibRefCitation>
. This difference may allow it to flex its arms vertically (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C8923EC96A04F3FB01FBD73ACC" author="Litvinova, N. M." box="[940,1119,1231,1256]" editor="David, B." journalOrPublisher="Balkema, Rotterdam" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="449 - 454" refId="ref50219" refString="Litvinova, N. M. (1994) The life forms of Ophiuroidea (based on the morphological structures of their arms). In: David, B., Guille, A. &amp; Feral, J. P. (Eds.), Echinoderms through time. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 449 - 454." title="The life forms of Ophiuroidea (based on the morphological structures of their arms)" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Echinoderms through time" year="1994">Litvinova 1994</bibRefCitation>
). The number of arm spines ranged from three to four, with the ventral shortest and bearing sharp teeth in all our specimens. Presumably, the sharp teeth serve as hooks for adhesion (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C8923EC96A0504FAD9FD603B14" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[603,744,1303,1328]" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="247 - 351" part="1" refId="ref55125" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1867) Notes on the Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1, 247 - 351. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13387" title="Notes on the Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, with descriptions of new genera and species" type="journal article" year="1867">Verrill 1867</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3705AB2923EC96A0798FAF2FF5E3BC0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD50939923EC96A0798FAF2FF5E3BC0" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B91ED52B923EC96A0798FAF2FEB33B71" bold="true" box="[199,315,1340,1365]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Remarks.</emphasis>
90% of specimens differed in the size of arms and disc due to their high degree of fission and regeneration. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A72BA923EC96A066CFAAEFE393B5C" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1867" box="[307,433,1376,1400]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91ED52B923EC96A066CFAAEFE393B5C" box="[307,433,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ophiothela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a great variety of colors (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C8923EC96A0455FA91FC143B5C" author="Clark, A. M." box="[778,924,1375,1400]" editor="Jones, O. A." journalOrPublisher="Academic Press, New York" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="95 - 123" refId="ref46278" refString="Clark, A. M. (1976 a) Echinoderms of coral reefs. In: Jones, O. A. &amp; Endean, R. (Eds.), Biology and geology of coral reefs. Academic Press, New York, pp. 95 - 123. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 395527 - 2.50010 - X" title="Echinoderms of coral reefs" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Biology and geology of coral reefs" year="1976">Clark 1976a</bibRefCitation>
). Orange and purple were observed in living specimens and reddish purple, cream, or white for those fixed in alcohol. Although this genus is commonly found on biological substrates, particularly gorgonians, it was collected on the soft bottom by dredge (99% of spms) and corer.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3705AB2923EC96A0798FA21FEE63968" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD50939923EC96A0798FA21FC273921" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B91ED52B923EC96A0798FA21FEE8382C" bold="true" box="[199,352,1519,1544]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49AEC7DB923EC96A0633FA21FE37382C" box="[364,447,1519,1544]" country="Fiji" name="Central" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Central</collectingRegion>
Indo-Pacific (realm), Tropical Southwestern Pacific (province): 
<collectingCountry id="F37D49A9923EC96A03E3FA21FAB6382C" box="[1212,1342,1519,1544]" name="Fiji" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fiji Islands</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C8923EC96A020DFA21FF5B3809" author="Verrill, A. E." journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="247 - 351" part="1" refId="ref55125" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1867) Notes on the Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1, 247 - 351. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13387" title="Notes on the Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, with descriptions of new genera and species" type="journal article" year="1867">Verrill 1867</bibRefCitation>
). 
<collectingRegion id="49AEC7DB923EC96A07B9F9DBFEC93808" box="[230,321,1557,1580]" country="Fiji" name="Western" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Western</collectingRegion>
Indo-Pacific (realm), 
<collectingRegion id="49AEC7DB923EC96A0564F9DBFD1E3808" box="[571,662,1557,1580]" country="Fiji" name="Western" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Western</collectingRegion>
Indian Ocean (province): 
<collectingCountry id="F37D49A9923EC96A04E1F9DAFBCD3809" box="[958,1093,1556,1581]" name="Madagascar" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C8923EC96A030BF9DAFA073808" author="Cherbonnier, G. &amp; Guille, A." bookContentInfo="252 pp." box="[1108,1423,1556,1581]" journalOrPublisher="Editions du CNRS, Paris" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref45795" refString="Cherbonnier, G. &amp; Guille, A. (1978) Echinodermes: ophiurides. Editions du CNRS, Paris, 252 pp." title="Echinodermes: ophiurides" type="book" year="1978">Cherbonnier &amp; Guille 1978</bibRefCitation>
), East African Coral 
<collectingRegion id="49AEC7DB923EC96A0626F9F6FE313874" box="[377,441,1592,1616]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Coast</collectingRegion>
and Bight of Sofala/Swamp 
<collectingRegion id="49AEC7DB923EC96A0452F9F6FCC53874" box="[781,845,1592,1616]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Coast</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C8923EC96A0401F9F9FBC73874" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Rowe, F. W. E." bookContentInfo="306 pp." box="[862,1103,1591,1616]" journalOrPublisher="Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref46376" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Rowe, F. W. E. (1971) Monograph of shallow-water Indo-West Pacific echinoderms. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 306 pp." title="Monograph of shallow-water Indo-West Pacific echinoderms" type="book" year="1971">Clark &amp; Rowe 1971</bibRefCitation>
). Temperate Southern Africa (realm), Benguela (province): Namaqua; Agulhas (province): Agulhas Bank (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C8923EC96A0358F992FB033850" author="Clark, A. M." box="[1031,1163,1628,1653]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="421 - 487" part="26" refId="ref46229" refString="Clark, A. M. (1974) Notes on some echinoderms from southern Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 26, 421 - 487. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 209" title="Notes on some echinoderms from southern Africa" type="journal article" year="1974">Clark 1974</bibRefCitation>
). Temperate Australasia (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C8923EC96A07C1F94EFE0538BC" author="Rowe, F. W. E. &amp; Gates, J." box="[158,397,1663,1688]" editor="Wells, A." journalOrPublisher="CISIRO, Melbourne" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="510" refId="ref53379" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. &amp; Gates, J. (1995) Echinodermata. In: Wells, A. (Ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. CISIRO, Melbourne, pp. 510." title="Echinodermata" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Zoological Catalogue of Australia" year="1995">Rowe &amp; Gates 1995</bibRefCitation>
). Tropical Atlantic (realm), North 
<collectingCountry id="F37D49A9923EC96A0447F9B1FCD438BC" box="[792,860,1663,1688]" name="Brazil" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Brazil</collectingCountry>
Shelf (province): Guianan (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C8923EC96A03C1F9B1FF5C3898" author="Hendler, G. &amp; Brugneaux, S. J." journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity Records" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="113" part="6" refId="ref48519" refString="Hendler, G. &amp; Brugneaux, S. J. (2013) New records of brittle stars from French Guiana: Ophiactis savignyi and the alien species Ophiothela mirabilis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). Marine Biodiversity Records, 6, e 113. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267213000845" title="New records of brittle stars from French Guiana: Ophiactis savignyi and the alien species Ophiothela mirabilis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)" type="journal article" year="2013">Hendler &amp; Brugneaux 2013</bibRefCitation>
); Tropical Southwestern Atlantic (province): Northeastern and 
<collectingRegion id="49AEC7DB923EC96A0489F96BFBA23898" box="[982,1066,1701,1724]" country="Fiji" name="Eastern" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Eastern</collectingRegion>
<collectingCountry id="F37D49A9923EC96A0365F96AFBF63899" box="[1082,1150,1700,1725]" name="Brazil" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C8923EC96A03C9F96AFA193898" author="Hendler, G. &amp; Migotto, A. E. &amp; Ventura, C. R. R. &amp; Wilk, L." box="[1174,1425,1700,1725]" journalOrPublisher="Coral Reefs" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1005" part="31" refId="ref48630" refString="Hendler, G., Migotto, A. E., Ventura, C. R. R. &amp; Wilk, L. (2012) Epizoic Ophiothela brittle stars have invaded the Atlantic. Coral Reefs, 31, 1005. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00338 - 012 - 0936 - 6" title="Epizoic Ophiothela brittle stars have invaded the Atlantic" type="journal article" year="2012">
Hendler 
<emphasis id="B91ED52B923EC96A025DF96BFAB33898" box="[1282,1339,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
). Temperate South America (realm), Warm Temperate Southwestern Atlantic (province): Southeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F37D49A9923EC96A0207F909FA1438C4" box="[1368,1436,1735,1760]" name="Brazil" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C8923EC96A07C1F922FEF33920" author="Hendler, G. &amp; Migotto, A. E. &amp; Ventura, C. R. R. &amp; Wilk, L." box="[158,379,1772,1797]" journalOrPublisher="Coral Reefs" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1005" part="31" refId="ref48630" refString="Hendler, G., Migotto, A. E., Ventura, C. R. R. &amp; Wilk, L. (2012) Epizoic Ophiothela brittle stars have invaded the Atlantic. Coral Reefs, 31, 1005. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00338 - 012 - 0936 - 6" title="Epizoic Ophiothela brittle stars have invaded the Atlantic" type="journal article" year="2012">
Hendler 
<emphasis id="B91ED52B923EC96A065EF923FEBB3920" box="[257,307,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C8923EC96A06D8F922FD133921" author="Bumbeer, J. &amp; Rocha, R. M." box="[391,667,1772,1797]" journalOrPublisher="Zoologia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 7" part="33" refId="ref45545" refString="Bumbeer, J. &amp; Rocha, R. M. (2016) Invading the natural marine substrates: a case study with invertebrates in South Brazil. Zoologia, 33, 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1984 - 4689 zool- 20150211" title="Invading the natural marine substrates: a case study with invertebrates in South Brazil" type="journal article" year="2016">
Bumbeer &amp; 
<collectingRegion id="49AEC7DB923EC96A054DF922FDD13921" box="[530,601,1772,1797]" country="Uruguay" name="Rocha" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Rocha</collectingRegion>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C8923EC96A05F8F922FC2B3921" author="Mantelatto, M. C. &amp; Vidon, L. F. &amp; Silveira, S. B. &amp; Menegola, C. &amp; Rocha, R. M. &amp; Creed, J. C." box="[679,931,1772,1797]" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity Records" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 7" part="9" refId="ref51226" refString="Mantelatto, M. C., Vidon, L. F., Silveira, S. B., Menegola, C., Rocha, R. M. &amp; Creed, J. C. (2016) Host species of the nonindigenous brittle star Ophiothela mirabilis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea): an invasive generalist in Brazil? Marine Biodiversity Records, 9, 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 41200 - 016 - 0013 - x" title="Host species of the nonindigenous brittle star Ophiothela mirabilis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea): an invasive generalist in Brazil?" type="journal article" year="2016">
Mantelatto 
<emphasis id="B91ED52B923EC96A0478F923FCD03920" box="[807,856,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD50939923EC96A0798F8DEFEE63968" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
From intertidal up to 
<quantity id="4C92A4DC923EC96A06E8F8DEFE783903" box="[439,496,1808,1832]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="80.0">80 m</quantity>
depth (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C8923EC96A051BF8DEFCA6390C" author="Rowe, F. W. E. &amp; Gates, J." box="[580,814,1807,1832]" editor="Wells, A." journalOrPublisher="CISIRO, Melbourne" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="510" refId="ref53379" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. &amp; Gates, J. (1995) Echinodermata. In: Wells, A. (Ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. CISIRO, Melbourne, pp. 510." title="Echinodermata" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Zoological Catalogue of Australia" year="1995">Rowe &amp; Gates 1995</bibRefCitation>
). The present study samples occurred at depths ranging from 2 and 
<quantity id="4C92A4DC923EC96A0646F8FAFEE23968" box="[281,362,1844,1869]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="21.5">21.5 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>