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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.692.14706" ID-GBIF-Dataset="81f065e7-a342-495c-9855-21bc26539311" ID-PMC="PMC5672734" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-692-1" ID-PubMed="29133987" ID-ZBK="1B7C3F517CF543338EAB1CB1BD9D8A07" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-692-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 692" ModsDocTitle="A review of the land snail genus Alycaeus (Gastropoda, Alycaeidae) in Peninsular Malaysia" checkinTime="1503352913593" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Foon, Junn Kitt &amp; Liew, Thor-Seng" docDate="2017" docId="CC033C91009F950C4FDD033401274E0A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 692: 1-81" docOrigin="ZooKeys 692" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.692.14706" docTitle="Alycaeus senyumensis Foon &amp; Liew, 2017, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="78ADBCEF-599F-41D9-8CBE-C76DA77683ED" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="FF8E6C15A17CDA48FFA7FFE36C7CFFA2" masterDocTitle="A review of the land snail genus Alycaeus (Gastropoda, Alycaeidae) in Peninsular Malaysia" masterLastPageNumber="81" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1668164728433" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A review of the land snail genus Alycaeus (Gastropoda, Alycaeidae) in Peninsular Malaysia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Foon, Junn Kitt</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Liew, Thor-Seng</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>692</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>81</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.692.14706</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.692.14706</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-692-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">1B7C3F517CF543338EAB1CB1BD9D8A07</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">1B7C3F517CF543338EAB1CB1BD9D8A07</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="132786245" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:78ADBCEF-599F-41D9-8CBE-C76DA77683ED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC033C91009F950C4FDD033401274E0A" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/78ADBCEF-599F-41D9-8CBE-C76DA77683ED" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus senyumensis" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="senyumensis">
<pageBreakToken pageId="43" pageNumber="44" start="start">Alycaeus</pageBreakToken>
senyumensis
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="43" pageNumber="44">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 7
<normalizedToken originalValue="VW">V-W</normalizedToken>
, 28, 31R
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus kelantanensis" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kelantanensis">Alycaeus kelantanensis</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Clements, R" journalOrPublisher="Biological Conservation" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="2751 - 2764" title="Using biogeographical patterns of endemic land snails to improve conservation planning for limestone karsts." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.08.011" volume="141" year="2008">Clements et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 2760.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
PHG 02 Gunung Senyum, Pahang (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="3.6972222">3°41'50&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="102.43445">102°26'04&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Holotype. PHG 02 Gunung Senyum, Pahang: BOR/MOL 12965. Paratypes. PHG 02 Gunung Senyum, Pahang: BOR/MOL 6880/2, BOR/MOL 12966/69. PHG 03 Gunung Jebak Puyuh, Pahang: BOR/MOL 8395/6, BOR/MOL 12964/2.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Other examined materials.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">PHG 02 Gunung Senyum, Pahang: BOR/MOL 275/1, BOR/MOL 6195/6, BOR/MOL 6239/4, BOR/MOL 6249/11, BOR/MOL 8391/41, BOR/MOL 8392/29, ZRC 1975.2.22.444-543/100, ZRC 1975.2.22.626-632/7. PHG 03 Gunung Jebak Puyuh, Pahang: BOR/MOL 6630/13, BOR/MOL 8394/27.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Named after the type locality, Gunung Senyum.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Protoconch. Smooth.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Shell shape. Conical. Shell height: 4.49-5.01 mm. Shell width: 3.96-4.41 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
Spire. Spire height: 1.47-1.94 mm. Spire width: 2.05-2.28 mm. Number of whorls: up to 5
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
. Spire shape: oblong conical. Whorl periphery rounded. Umbilicus partially closed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Whorl constriction. At about 5 whorls posterior of protoconch.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Breathing tube. Length: 0.44-0.57 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Aperture and peristome. Aperture circular, very expanded especially at columellar section. Aperture height: 2.17-2.36 mm. Aperture width: 2.02-2.20 mm. Peristome double, thickened, upper palatal section folded posteriorly into a wing-like structure, notched at suture. Peristome orientation 21-28° oblique with respect to the coiling axis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Spiral lines. Indistinct. Regularly spaced. Approximately 14-24 lines per 1 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Radial ribs running anterior of breathing tube. Radial ribs pronounced, evenly spaced. Approximately 8-15 ribs per 1 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Radial ribs running perpendicular to breathing tube. Radial ribs pronounced, white and thicker than those anterior of breathing tube, evenly spaced. Approximately 14-21 ribs per 1 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Radial ribs running posterior of breathing tube. Radial ribs unevenly spaced, sometimes distinct but usually absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Operculum. Concave, conical. Exterior covered with thin calcareous layer, surface finely granulated. Interior covered with proteinaceous layer, smooth.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Shell colour. Whorls yellow or brownish-red. Peristome white.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Living animal. Body cream-white. Head pink. Tentacles yellow or red.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lives on both wet, mossy limestone rock walls and boulders. In shady forests on limestone hills. Some living individuals were observed dangling on mucous threads under rock overhangs.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Distribution range.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Restricted to limestone karsts at central Pahang (Gunung Senyum and Gunung Jebak Puyuh) only.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus senyumensis" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="senyumensis">Alycaeus senyumensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. is distinguished from other
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Alycaeus</taxonomicName>
by its peristome that is distinctly expanded and angled at the columellar section and partially obscuring the umbilicus, narrow ultimate whorl, strong radial ribs, shallow suture and small shell.
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus senyumensis" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="senyumensis">Alycaeus senyumensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. is differentiated from the sympatric
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. regalis" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species" species="regalis">A. regalis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. and
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. costacrassa" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species" species="costacrassa">A. costacrassa</taxonomicName>
sp. n. by its much smaller shell and expanded peristome angled at the columellar base.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
Historically,
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus senyumensis" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="senyumensis">Alycaeus senyumensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. specimens were labelled as
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. kelantanensis" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species" species="kelantanensis">A. kelantanensis</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Clements, R" journalOrPublisher="Biological Conservation" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="2751 - 2764" title="Using biogeographical patterns of endemic land snails to improve conservation planning for limestone karsts." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.08.011" volume="141" year="2008">Clements et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
, ZRC collection lots).
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus senyumensis" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="senyumensis">Alycaeus senyumensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. occur sympatrically with
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. costacrassa" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species" species="costacrassa">A. costacrassa</taxonomicName>
sp. n. and
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. regalis" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species" species="regalis">A. regalis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. although syntopically only with
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. costacrassa" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species" species="costacrassa">A. costacrassa</taxonomicName>
sp. n. This is the only
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Alycaeus</taxonomicName>
species we observed dangling from mucous threads during our fieldwork. Such behaviour in
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Alycaeus</taxonomicName>
has been recorded in Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo before (
<bibRefCitation author="Schilthuizen, M" journalOrPublisher="Malayan Nature Journal" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="351 - 354" title="A note on the ecology of West-Malaysian calcicolous snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Diplommatinidae, Cyclophoridae, Vertiginidae, Streptaxidae)." volume="53" year="1999">Schilthuizen et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Deeleman-Reinhold, CL" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="673 - 700" title="Description of the lynx spiders of a canopy fogging project in northern Borneo (Araneae: Oxyopidae), with description of a new genus and six new species of Hamataliwa." url="http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/83/nr03/a17" volume="83" year="2009">Deeleman-Reinhold 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
Figure 28.
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus senyumensis" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="senyumensis">Alycaeus senyumensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
<normalizedToken originalValue="AE">A-E</normalizedToken>
Shell of holotype, BOR/MOL 12965
<normalizedToken originalValue="FH">F-H</normalizedToken>
Close up of shell of holotype, BOR/MOL 12965
<normalizedToken originalValue="IL">I-L</normalizedToken>
Operculum of paratype, BOR/MOL 6880
<normalizedToken originalValue="MQ">M-Q</normalizedToken>
Shell of paratype, operculum of BOR/MOL 12966. Scale bars:
<normalizedToken originalValue="AE">A-E</normalizedToken>
, F, G,
<normalizedToken originalValue="MQ">M-Q</normalizedToken>
1 mm; H,
<normalizedToken originalValue="IL">I-L</normalizedToken>
0.5 mm. All photographs by Junn Kitt Foon.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>