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<document id="7A77A1160A788919EA2B22199C8247A1" ID-CLB-Dataset="304540" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5519.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5f7ee7e6-9230-4051-92ef-208e26e13652" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13915528" ID-ZooBank="5F625E12-7F89-46BC-A7DF-2111180CEB87" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1728584064544" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kumari, Shabnam, Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran, Uniyal, Virendra Prasad, Chandra, Kailash &amp; Hausmann, Axel" docDate="2024" docId="03B38793FFEEFFBFB4814A430A15FACA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5519.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5519 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5519.1.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhodostrophia Hubner 1823" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="66" masterDocId="FF8AFFEBFFEBFFB8B4164D360B49FFA7" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomic review of the genus Rhodostrophia Hübner, 1823 and its allied genus Tanaotrichia Warren, 1893 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from the Western Himalaya" masterLastPageNumber="89" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="64" updateTime="1729002706862" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="3DB2B6F46FC585E3D04BA9B48E951CD0">Integrative taxonomic review of the genus Rhodostrophia Hübner, 1823 and its allied genus Tanaotrichia Warren, 1893 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from the Western Himalaya</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A0E2AA4DB82AA0187091E0A22E0DA893">Kumari, Shabnam</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="871C269E18596BE1C946F3E39F41EA8C">Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun- 248001, Uttarakhand, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="50B5CF8C0A3E0241AC8A258ED2AE19C2">Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="47A0940EA8587864A092A89B385C2F82">Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun- 248001, Uttarakhand, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="75E08032F8AF7F64B2DC9CA397EE7E7A">Uniyal, Virendra Prasad</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9758CEE03FC10C3D60457E31894D5636">Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun- 248001, Uttarakhand, India. &amp; Graphic Era (Deemed to be) University, Bell Road Clement Town, Dehradun- 248002, Uttarakhand, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D6D8C4705E61E197E5FF8C96AF60ADBC">Chandra, Kailash</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1AB7C83A5CC071C0F7D2B36BD8CA02AC">Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata- 700053, West Bengal, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1DE2C1E6CCD61384E7BCADDADC26F7F4">Hausmann, Axel</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03B38793FFEEFFBFB4814A430A15FACA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B38793FFEEFFBFB4814A430A15FACA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B38793FFEEFFBFB4814A430A15FACA" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
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<paragraph id="8BA53685FFEEFFBDB4814A43091BF828" blockId="5.[151,594,1909,1936]" box="[151,594,1909,1936]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<heading id="D0ED81E9FFEEFFBDB4814A43091BF828" bold="true" box="[151,594,1909,1936]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" reason="1">
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Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFEEFFBDB4F84A43091BF828" ID-CoL="92LX2" authority="Hubner, 1823" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[238,594,1909,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEEFFBDB4F84A430AE8F837" bold="true" box="[238,417,1909,1936]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Rhodostrophia</emphasis>
Hübner, 1823
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA53685FFEEFFBDB4814A8C0E20F875" blockId="5.[151,1437,1978,2033]" box="[151,1385,1978,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFEEFFBDB4814A8C0A89F875" authority="Hubner, 1823" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[151,448,1978,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEEFFBDB4814A8C0A64F875" box="[151,301,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Rhodostrophia</emphasis>
Hübner, 1823
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEEFFBDB5DC4A8C0801F875" box="[458,840,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Verzeichnis bekannter Schmetterlinge</emphasis>
: 300.
<typeStatus id="54A18827FFEEFFBDB7914A8C08F0F875" box="[903,953,1978,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFEEFFBDB0004A8C0E2FF875" authority="Petagna, 1786" authorityName="Petagna" authorityYear="1786" box="[1046,1382,1978,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calabra">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEEFFBDB0004A8C0F84F875" box="[1046,1229,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Phalaena calabra</emphasis>
Petagna, 1786
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFEEFFBEB4814AEE09E3FF09" blockId="5.[151,1437,1978,2033]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,150,328]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFEEFFBDB4814AEE0AE1F856" authority="Duponchel, 1829" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1829" box="[151,424,2008,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pellonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEEFFBDB4814AEE0BA4F857" box="[151,237,2008,2032]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Pellonia</emphasis>
Duponchel, 1829
</taxonomicName>
, in Godart &amp; Duponchel,
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEEFFBDB6AF4AEF0E56F857" box="[697,1311,2008,2032]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
Histoire naturelle des Lépidoptères ou Papillons de
<collectingCountry id="F30D7615FFEEFFBDB0C04AEF0E56F857" box="[1238,1311,2009,2032]" name="France" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">France</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, 7 (2): 109.
<typeStatus id="54A18827FFEDFFBEB4D14DA10BB0FF08" box="[199,249,151,175]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFEDFFBEB5404DA109EFFF09" authority="Clerck, 1759" authorityName="Clerck" authorityYear="1759" box="[342,678,150,175]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vibicaria">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB5404DA10950FF08" box="[342,537,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Phalaena vibicaria</emphasis>
Clerck, 1759
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFEDFFBEB4814D830A48FF4B" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFEDFFBEB4814D830AD9FF6A" ID-CoL="95JMZ" authority="Butler, 1883" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,400,181,205]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Delocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB4814D830A41FF6A" box="[151,264,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Delocharis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B74FFEDFFBEB5194D830AD9FF6A" author="Butler, A. G." box="[271,400,181,205]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="144 - 175" refId="ref20815" refString="Butler, A. G. (1883) On a collection of Indian Lepidoptera received from Lieut. - Colonel Charles Swinhoe; with numerous notes by the collector. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 25, 144 - 175." type="journal article" year="1883">Butler, 1883</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB58D4D8308C6FF6A" box="[411,911,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London</emphasis>
: 172.
<typeStatus id="54A18827FFEDFFBEB7C74D800F4AFF69" box="[977,1027,182,206]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFEDFFBEB0744D830BB4FF4B" ID-CoL="96KGX" authority="Butler, 1883" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Delocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herbicolens">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB0744D830E19FF6A" box="[1122,1360,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Delocharis herbicolens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B74FFEDFFBEB14E4D830BB4FF4B" author="Butler, A. G." pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="144 - 175" refId="ref20815" refString="Butler, A. G. (1883) On a collection of Indian Lepidoptera received from Lieut. - Colonel Charles Swinhoe; with numerous notes by the collector. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 25, 144 - 175." type="journal article" year="1883">Butler, 1883</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFEDFFBEB4814DC509F4FEAC" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,328]" box="[151,701,243,267]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFEDFFBEB4814DC50AC2FEAC" ID-CoL="922MC" authority="Warren, 1897" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,395,243,267]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Apostates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB4814DC50BB3FEAD" box="[151,250,243,266]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Apostates</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B74FFEDFFBEB5164DC50AC2FEAC" author="Warren, W." box="[256,395,243,267]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" refId="ref23503" refString="Warren, W. (1897) Novitates Zoologicae. Vol. IV. Zoological Museum, Tring, 560 pp." type="book" year="1897">Warren, 1897</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB5834DC50923FEAC" box="[405,618,243,267]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Novitates zoologicae</emphasis>
, 4: 214.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFEDFFBEB4814C270A26FEEF" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFEDFFBEB4814C270AFCFE8E" ID-CoL="95KWZ" authority="Hampson, 1903" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,437,273,297]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Leptosidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB4814C270A4BFE8E" box="[151,258,273,297]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Leptosidia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B74FFEDFFBEB51B4C240AFCFE8E" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[269,437,273,297]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="639 - 659" refId="ref21362" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1903) The Moths of India. Supplementary paper to the volumes in &quot; The Fauna of British India &quot;. Series II. Part VIII. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 14, 639 - 659." type="journal article" year="1903">Hampson, 1903</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB5D24C270889FE8E" box="[452,960,273,297]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
Journal of the
<collectingCountry id="F30D7615FFEDFFBEB6714C2709F3FE8E" box="[615,698,273,297]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Bombay</collectingCountry>
Natural History Society
</emphasis>
, 14: 653.
<typeStatus id="54A18827FFEDFFBEB0224C240F2FFE8D" box="[1076,1126,274,298]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFEDFFBEB0DB4C270A22FEEF" ID-CoL="97CXQ" authority="Hampson, 1903" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1903" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Leptosidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="araearia">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB0DB4C270ED4FE8E" box="[1229,1437,273,297]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Leptosidia araearia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B74FFEDFFBEB4D14C060A22FEEF" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[199,363,304,328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="639 - 659" refId="ref21362" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1903) The Moths of India. Supplementary paper to the volumes in &quot; The Fauna of British India &quot;. Series II. Part VIII. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 14, 639 - 659." type="journal article" year="1903">Hampson, 1903</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFEDFFBEB4814C400F28FE37" blockId="6.[151,1437,374,1948]" box="[151,1121,374,401]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB4814C400A39FE37" bold="true" box="[151,368,374,400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Genus description</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B74FFEDFFBEB5694C400AB6FE37" author="Prout, L. B." box="[383,511,374,400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="1912 - 1916" refId="ref22131" refString="Prout, L. B. (1913) The Palaearctic Geometrae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), The Macrolepidoptera of the World. Vol. 4. Verlag A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 1 - 479, pls. 1 - 25. [1912 - 1916]" type="book chapter" year="1913">Prout 1913</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B74FFEDFFBEB61D4C41098FFE37" author="Hausmann, A." box="[523,710,374,401]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" refId="ref21410" refString="Hausmann, A. (2004) The geometrid Moths of Europe. Vol. 2. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 600 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004322554" type="book" year="2004">Hausmann 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B74FFEDFFBEB6C74C400833FE37" author="Cui, L. &amp; Xue, D. &amp; Jiang, N." box="[721,890,374,400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="337 - 353" refId="ref20976" refString="Cui, L., Xue, D. &amp; Jiang, N. (2019) Description of two new species of Rhodostrophia Hubner, 1823 from China (Lepidoptera, geometridae). Zootaxa, 4563 (2), 337 - 353. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4563.2.7" type="journal article" year="2019">
Cui
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB7164C410871FE37" box="[768,824,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B74FFEDFFBEB7904C400F10FE37" author="Rajaei, H. &amp; Hausmann, A. &amp; Trusch, R." box="[902,1113,374,400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref22316" refString="Rajaei, H., Hausmann, A. &amp; Trusch, R. (2022 a) Taxonomic review of the genus Rhodostrophia Hubner, 1823 (Geometridae: Sterrhinae) in Iran. Zootaxa, 5118 (1), 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5118.1.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
Rajaei
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB7C24C410F44FE37" box="[980,1037,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
2022a
</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300650EFFEDFFBEB4D14CAC0E3BFAFB" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFEDFFBEB4D14CAC0E53FD2B" blockId="6.[151,1437,374,1948]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
Adults are medium to large sized with
<quantity id="4CE29B60FFEDFFBEB69E4CAC084DFE12" box="[648,772,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="30.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="20.0">20–40 mm</quantity>
wingspan; antennae filiform in female, quadripectinate in male with long branches gradually decreasing in length towards the tips [
<figureCitation id="13212A00FFEDFFBEB7FF4C880F76FE7F" box="[1001,1087,446,472]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1076,1100]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,181,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,181,1053]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagnostic features of the genus Rhodostrophia (R. tristrigalis) and Tanaotrichia (T. prasonaria trilineata, type species of the genus). 3a. Head and leg features of the male of R. tristrigalis. i) Quadripectinate antennae, eye and labial palpi. ii) Lateral view of the antennae, ventral dentation. iii) Ventral view of the antenna. iv) Foretibia with an epiphysis. v) Hindtibia with a hair pencil arising from the femorotibial joint. 3b. T. prasonaria trilineata, type species of the genus Tanaotrichia. i) Foretibia with an epiphysis. ii) Hindtibial characteristics (hair pencil, a median ‘pseudo spur’ and terminal tibial spur accompanied with a small and compact hair tuft). FW) Forewing venation. HW) Hindwing venation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13915534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13915534/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
: (i)]. Frons slightly convex or protruded. Labial palpi short, stout, forwardly or upwardly directed and hardly reaching the frons. Proboscis well developed. Foretibia with or without median epiphyses [
<figureCitation id="13212A00FFEDFFBEB7124F30081FFD87" box="[772,854,518,544]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1076,1100]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,181,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,181,1053]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagnostic features of the genus Rhodostrophia (R. tristrigalis) and Tanaotrichia (T. prasonaria trilineata, type species of the genus). 3a. Head and leg features of the male of R. tristrigalis. i) Quadripectinate antennae, eye and labial palpi. ii) Lateral view of the antennae, ventral dentation. iii) Ventral view of the antenna. iv) Foretibia with an epiphysis. v) Hindtibia with a hair pencil arising from the femorotibial joint. 3b. T. prasonaria trilineata, type species of the genus Tanaotrichia. i) Foretibia with an epiphysis. ii) Hindtibial characteristics (hair pencil, a median ‘pseudo spur’ and terminal tibial spur accompanied with a small and compact hair tuft). FW) Forewing venation. HW) Hindwing venation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13915534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13915534/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
: (iv)]. Midtibia with paired terminal spurs. Hindtibia [
<figureCitation id="13212A00FFEDFFBEB4884F1C0BBBFDE3" box="[158,242,554,580]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1076,1100]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,181,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,181,1053]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagnostic features of the genus Rhodostrophia (R. tristrigalis) and Tanaotrichia (T. prasonaria trilineata, type species of the genus). 3a. Head and leg features of the male of R. tristrigalis. i) Quadripectinate antennae, eye and labial palpi. ii) Lateral view of the antennae, ventral dentation. iii) Ventral view of the antenna. iv) Foretibia with an epiphysis. v) Hindtibia with a hair pencil arising from the femorotibial joint. 3b. T. prasonaria trilineata, type species of the genus Tanaotrichia. i) Foretibia with an epiphysis. ii) Hindtibial characteristics (hair pencil, a median ‘pseudo spur’ and terminal tibial spur accompanied with a small and compact hair tuft). FW) Forewing venation. HW) Hindwing venation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13915534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13915534/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
: (v)] with or without hair pencil (variable in length) at the femoro-tibial joint; a pair of terminal tibial spur and either a single or paired median spur in male while all the four spurs present in female; a single ‘pseudospur’ (of unknown function) is often present as a densely scaled, club or rod-shaped projection with rounded tip.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFEDFFBEB4D14FA10F8DFC0B" blockId="6.[151,1437,374,1948]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB4D14FA10A7AFD17" box="[199,307,663,688]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Forewing</emphasis>
with two areoles [except
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFEDFFBEB6774FA108F3FD17" authority="(Christoph, 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Christoph" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[609,954,662,688]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solitaria">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB6774FA109ABFD17" box="[609,738,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">R. solitaria</emphasis>
(Christoph, 1887)
</taxonomicName>
], vein R1 originating from the apex of 1
<superScript id="7C6F9BCDFFEDFFBEB1874FA00ED5FD03" attach="none" box="[1425,1436,662,676]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">st</superScript>
areole at its junction with the 2
<superScript id="7C6F9BCDFFEDFFBEB5E44F8C094BFD6F" attach="left" box="[498,514,698,712]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">nd</superScript>
areole, veins R2–R4 stalked, arising from the apex of the 2
<superScript id="7C6F9BCDFFEDFFBEB0884F8C0FE7FD6F" attach="left" box="[1182,1198,698,712]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">nd</superScript>
areole just above the origin of R5 (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B74FFEDFFBEB5394FE80940FD5F" author="Rajaei, H. &amp; Hausmann, A. &amp; Trusch, R." box="[303,521,734,760]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref22316" refString="Rajaei, H., Hausmann, A. &amp; Trusch, R. (2022 a) Taxonomic review of the genus Rhodostrophia Hubner, 1823 (Geometridae: Sterrhinae) in Iran. Zootaxa, 5118 (1), 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5118.1.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
Rajaei
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB5964FE90AF0FD5F" box="[384,441,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
2022a
</bibRefCitation>
); apex acute or falcate; outer margin obliquely straight or slightly curved; usually pale ochreous to yellow or ochreous-grey or brown with either darker, sometimes suffused or tinged with rose-red to deep rose-red transverse lines.
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB5F84E100915FCE7" box="[494,604,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Hindwing</emphasis>
with Sc basally curved, Rs and M1 shortly stalked, M3 and CuA1 separate (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B74FFEDFFBEB4894E7C0A37FCC3" author="Rajaei, H. &amp; Hausmann, A. &amp; Trusch, R." box="[159,382,842,868]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref22316" refString="Rajaei, H., Hausmann, A. &amp; Trusch, R. (2022 a) Taxonomic review of the genus Rhodostrophia Hubner, 1823 (Geometridae: Sterrhinae) in Iran. Zootaxa, 5118 (1), 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5118.1.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
Rajaei
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB4E74E7D0A62FCC3" box="[241,299,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
2022a
</bibRefCitation>
). Apex round; outer margin rounded, sometimes slightly protruded at M3; mostly paler than the forewing with markings more or less similar as of forewing.
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB76B4E5808BBFC2F" box="[893,1010,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Underside</emphasis>
paler and with rose-red to reddish or ochreous-grey to brown suffusion or irrorations with markings mostly similar to the upper side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFEDFFBEB4D14E8008D8FB23" blockId="6.[151,1437,374,1948]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB4D14E800A27FC77" box="[199,366,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Male genitalia</emphasis>
: Uncus elongated, slender, apically broader, setose, distal margin with a central concavity of varying depths, sometimes weekly sclerotised; the overall shape and characters diagnostic at the species level. Gnathos triangular, strongly sclerotised and medially elongated.Valva shape diagnostic, especially the characteristics of costal and distal margins; sacculus sclerotised, folded ventrad over the valva. Posterior margin of 8
<superScript id="7C6F9BCDFFEDFFBEB10449140E56FB97" attach="left" box="[1298,1311,1058,1072]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">th</superScript>
abdominal sternite bilobed and diagnostic. Aedeagus thin, elongated and curved; vesica membranous without cornuti or sometimes with small sclerotised patch having minute scobinations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFEDFFBEB4D149B80F76FB57" blockId="6.[151,1437,374,1948]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB4D149B80AC3FB0F" box="[199,394,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Female genitalia</emphasis>
: Papillae anales either rounded or ovally-elongated; ductus bursae sclerotised, sometimes strongly curved or bent, length (in comparison to corpus bursae) and shape diagnostic; corpus bursae rounded or oval, often with diagnostic signum; shape of the 7
<superScript id="7C6F9BCDFFEDFFBEB6D049E0099AFB43" attach="left" box="[710,723,1238,1252]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">th</superScript>
sternite variable and diagnostic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFEDFFBEB4D149CC0E3BFAFB" blockId="6.[151,1437,374,1948]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB4D149CC0ADEFAB3" bold="true" box="[199,407,1274,1300]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Immature stages:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB58849CD0AA4FAB3" box="[414,493,1275,1300]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Larvae</emphasis>
extremely long and slender; slightly tapered anteriorly with the face and sides of the head flattened; feed on low plants. Pupa slender, broadened anteriorly, and with elongated cremaster; a terminal pair of long and stout setae (D2) and three pairs of smaller and recurved setae before it (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B74FFEDFFBEB02B48740FF7FAFB" author="Prout, L. B." box="[1085,1214,1346,1372]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="1912 - 1916" refId="ref22131" refString="Prout, L. B. (1913) The Palaearctic Geometrae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), The Macrolepidoptera of the World. Vol. 4. Verlag A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 1 - 479, pls. 1 - 25. [1912 - 1916]" type="book chapter" year="1913">Prout 1913</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B74FFEDFFBEB0DC48740E2FFAFB" author="Patocka, J." box="[1226,1382,1346,1372]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="269 - 296" refId="ref22012" refString="Patocka, J. (2003) Die Puppen der Spanner (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) Mitteleuropas. Unterfamilie Sterrhinae. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, 51 (4), 269 - 296." type="journal article" year="2003">Patočka 2003</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300650EFFEDFFBEB4D148500F5CFA03" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFEDFFBEB4D148500F5CFA03" blockId="6.[151,1437,374,1948]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB4D148500A2AFA27" bold="true" box="[199,355,1382,1408]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Distribution:</emphasis>
Palearctic (chiefly), Oriental and Neotropical regions (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B74FFEDFFBEB7E448500F31FA27" author="Prout, L. B." box="[1010,1144,1382,1408]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="1912 - 1916" refId="ref22131" refString="Prout, L. B. (1913) The Palaearctic Geometrae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), The Macrolepidoptera of the World. Vol. 4. Verlag A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 1 - 479, pls. 1 - 25. [1912 - 1916]" type="book chapter" year="1913">Prout 1913</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B74FFEDFFBEB09F48500E7DFA27" author="Suludere, Z." box="[1161,1332,1382,1408]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="47 - 52" refId="ref23112" refString="Suludere, Z. (1988) Description of the eggs of the Rhodostrophia meonaria Guenee from North Pakistan (Geometridae: Lepidoptera). Communications Faculty of Sciences University of Ankara, Series C, Biology, 6, 47 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.1501 / Commuc _ 0000000127" type="journal article" year="1988">Suludere 1988</bibRefCitation>
; Ramos-González
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB51E48BD0A09FA03" box="[264,320,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
2018;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B74FFEDFFBEB59848BC097EFA03" author="Cui, L. &amp; Xue, D. &amp; Jiang, N." box="[398,567,1418,1444]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="337 - 353" refId="ref20976" refString="Cui, L., Xue, D. &amp; Jiang, N. (2019) Description of two new species of Rhodostrophia Hubner, 1823 from China (Lepidoptera, geometridae). Zootaxa, 4563 (2), 337 - 353. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4563.2.7" type="journal article" year="2019">
Cui
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB5AB48BD0ABCFA03" box="[445,501,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B74FFEDFFBEB65548BC0866FA03" author="Sihvonen, P. &amp; Murillo-Ramos, L. &amp; Brehm, G. &amp; Staude, H. &amp; Wahlberg, N." box="[579,815,1418,1444]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="606 - 634" refId="ref22915" refString="Sihvonen, P., Murillo-Ramos, L., Brehm, G., Staude, H. &amp; Wahlberg, N. (2020) Molecular phylogeny of Sterrhinae moths (Lepidoptera: geometridae): towards a global classification. Systematic Entomology, 45, 606 - 634. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12418" type="journal article" year="2020">
Sihvonen
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB6A248BD09A5FA03" box="[692,748,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B74FFEDFFBEB72F48BC0F44FA03" author="Rajaei, H. &amp; Hausmann, A. &amp; Trusch, R." box="[825,1037,1418,1444]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref22316" refString="Rajaei, H., Hausmann, A. &amp; Trusch, R. (2022 a) Taxonomic review of the genus Rhodostrophia Hubner, 1823 (Geometridae: Sterrhinae) in Iran. Zootaxa, 5118 (1), 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5118.1.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
Rajaei
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB79E48BD0889FA03" box="[904,960,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
2022a
</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300650EFFEDFFBFB4D148980A15FACA" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFEDFFBEB4D148980838F963" blockId="6.[151,1437,374,1948]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB4D148980A0DFA6F" bold="true" box="[199,324,1454,1480]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Adults of
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFEDFFBEB5AA48980928FA6F" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[444,609,1454,1480]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB5AA48980928FA6F" box="[444,609,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Rhodostrophia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFEDFFBEB68E48980861FA6F" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[664,808,1454,1480]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanaotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB68E48980861FA6F" box="[664,808,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Tanaotrichia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are easily distinguishable from other genera in the tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFEDFFBEB48148E40AE7FA4B" authority="Kirby, 1892" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1892" box="[151,430,1490,1516]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Cyllopodini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyllopodini Kirby, 1892</taxonomicName>
. Both genera possess quadripectinate antennae in males and filiform in females, and they share similar basic schemes of wing venation and markings (
<figureCitation id="13212A00FFEDFFBEB75748C008DDF9B7" box="[833,916,1526,1552]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1076,1100]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,181,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,181,1053]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagnostic features of the genus Rhodostrophia (R. tristrigalis) and Tanaotrichia (T. prasonaria trilineata, type species of the genus). 3a. Head and leg features of the male of R. tristrigalis. i) Quadripectinate antennae, eye and labial palpi. ii) Lateral view of the antennae, ventral dentation. iii) Ventral view of the antenna. iv) Foretibia with an epiphysis. v) Hindtibia with a hair pencil arising from the femorotibial joint. 3b. T. prasonaria trilineata, type species of the genus Tanaotrichia. i) Foretibia with an epiphysis. ii) Hindtibial characteristics (hair pencil, a median ‘pseudo spur’ and terminal tibial spur accompanied with a small and compact hair tuft). FW) Forewing venation. HW) Hindwing venation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13915534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13915534/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
: FW, HW) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B74FFEDFFBEB00A48C00FD5F9B7" author="Prout, L. B." box="[1052,1180,1526,1552]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="1912 - 1916" refId="ref22131" refString="Prout, L. B. (1913) The Palaearctic Geometrae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), The Macrolepidoptera of the World. Vol. 4. Verlag A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 1 - 479, pls. 1 - 25. [1912 - 1916]" type="book chapter" year="1913">Prout 1913</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B74FFEDFFBEB0B148C00FAAF9B7" author="Prout, L. B." box="[1191,1251,1526,1552]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="1920 - 1941" refId="ref22189" refString="Prout, L. B. (1938) The Indo-Australian Geometridae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), The Macrolepidoptera of the Indo-Australian Fauna. Vol. 12. Verlag A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 1 - 356, pls. 1 - 41 + 50. [1920 - 1941]" type="journal article" year="1938">1938</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFEDFFBEB0E148C00ED5F9B7" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[1271,1436,1526,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB0E148C00ED5F9B7" box="[1271,1436,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Rhodostrophia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has forewings with an acute or slightly falcate apex, vein R1 originating from the apex of 1
<superScript id="7C6F9BCDFFEDFFBEB0B44B2C0FE4F98F" attach="left" box="[1186,1197,1562,1576]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">st</superScript>
areole; and hindtibia [
<figureCitation id="13212A00FFEDFFBEB4884B080BB9F9FF" box="[158,240,1598,1624]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1076,1100]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,181,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,181,1053]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagnostic features of the genus Rhodostrophia (R. tristrigalis) and Tanaotrichia (T. prasonaria trilineata, type species of the genus). 3a. Head and leg features of the male of R. tristrigalis. i) Quadripectinate antennae, eye and labial palpi. ii) Lateral view of the antennae, ventral dentation. iii) Ventral view of the antenna. iv) Foretibia with an epiphysis. v) Hindtibia with a hair pencil arising from the femorotibial joint. 3b. T. prasonaria trilineata, type species of the genus Tanaotrichia. i) Foretibia with an epiphysis. ii) Hindtibial characteristics (hair pencil, a median ‘pseudo spur’ and terminal tibial spur accompanied with a small and compact hair tuft). FW) Forewing venation. HW) Hindwing venation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13915534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13915534/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
: (v)] of male with either a single or paired median spur and a pair of terminal spurs. Whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFEDFFBEB1104B080EDFF9FF" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[1286,1430,1598,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanaotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB1104B080EDFF9FF" box="[1286,1430,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Tanaotrichia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the forewing is comparatively broader, vein R1 originates before the apex of 2
<superScript id="7C6F9BCDFFEDFFBEB7E24B540F4DF9D7" attach="left" box="[1012,1028,1634,1648]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">nd</superScript>
areole [
<figureCitation id="13212A00FFEDFFBEB04D4B540FE6F9DB" box="[1115,1199,1634,1660]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1076,1100]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,181,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,181,1053]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagnostic features of the genus Rhodostrophia (R. tristrigalis) and Tanaotrichia (T. prasonaria trilineata, type species of the genus). 3a. Head and leg features of the male of R. tristrigalis. i) Quadripectinate antennae, eye and labial palpi. ii) Lateral view of the antennae, ventral dentation. iii) Ventral view of the antenna. iv) Foretibia with an epiphysis. v) Hindtibia with a hair pencil arising from the femorotibial joint. 3b. T. prasonaria trilineata, type species of the genus Tanaotrichia. i) Foretibia with an epiphysis. ii) Hindtibial characteristics (hair pencil, a median ‘pseudo spur’ and terminal tibial spur accompanied with a small and compact hair tuft). FW) Forewing venation. HW) Hindwing venation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13915534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13915534/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
: FW]; hindtibia lacks median spurs altogether, bears a single functional terminal spur accompanied by a short, stout, scaly tuft and a long, well-developed hair pencil concealing all the spurs [
<figureCitation id="13212A00FFEDFFBEB6C84B9C087DF963" box="[734,820,1706,1732]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1076,1100]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,181,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[151,1436,181,1053]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagnostic features of the genus Rhodostrophia (R. tristrigalis) and Tanaotrichia (T. prasonaria trilineata, type species of the genus). 3a. Head and leg features of the male of R. tristrigalis. i) Quadripectinate antennae, eye and labial palpi. ii) Lateral view of the antennae, ventral dentation. iii) Ventral view of the antenna. iv) Foretibia with an epiphysis. v) Hindtibia with a hair pencil arising from the femorotibial joint. 3b. T. prasonaria trilineata, type species of the genus Tanaotrichia. i) Foretibia with an epiphysis. ii) Hindtibial characteristics (hair pencil, a median ‘pseudo spur’ and terminal tibial spur accompanied with a small and compact hair tuft). FW) Forewing venation. HW) Hindwing venation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13915534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13915534/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
: (ii)].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFEDFFBEB4D14BF80B8DF83B" blockId="6.[151,1437,374,1948]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
Male genitalia in
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFEDFFBEB58F4BF80977F94F" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[409,574,1742,1768]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB58F4BF80977F94F" box="[409,574,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Rhodostrophia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are characterised by a long, membranous, sometimes slightly sclerotised, apically dilated and bilobed uncus; costal margin of valva curved, strongly sclerotised and ventro-distal regions distinctly modified. Corpus bursae in female genitalia with a sclerotised signum, often shaped as paired elongated sclerites. However, in
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFEDFFBEB5844A0C0961F8F3" box="[402,552,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFEDFFBEB5844A0C096CF8F3" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[402,549,1850,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanaotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tanaotrichia</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the uncus is sclerotised, somewhat flat, with a broad apex (
<figureCitation id="13212A00FFEDFFBEB0D34A0C0E51F8F3" box="[1221,1304,1850,1876]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–47" captionStartId="22.[151,260,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[198,1389,191,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-30@22.[188,1399,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 34–47. Male genitalia images of Rhodostrophia and Tanaotrichia spp. 34–41. Male Clasping organ (CLA). 34. R. borealis, 35. R. cinerascens*, 36. R. herbicolens, 37. R. pelloniaria, 38. R. stigmatica, 39. R. tristrigalis, 40. T. prasonaria trilineata. 41–47. Male aedeagus. 41. R. borealis, 42. R. cinerascens*, 43. R. herbicolens, 44. R. pelloniaria, 45. R. stigmatica, 46. R. tristrigalis, 47. T. prasonaria trilineata. *Specimens and genitalia slide at ZSM-SNSB, Munich; slides and photos prepared by Dr Axel Hausmann." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13915544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13915544/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
), signum in the corpus bursae of female genitalia as a double-ridged, longitudinal band-like with sclerotised scobination (
<figureCitation id="13212A00FFEDFFBEB1794A680BFEF83B" captionStart="FIGURES 48–62" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[237,1350,191,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-18@23.[229,1359,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 48–62. Male genitalia images of Rhodostrophia and Tanaotrichia spp. 48–54. Male 8th Abdominal Sternite. 48. R. borealis, 49. R. cinerascens*, 50. R. herbicolens, 51. R. pelloniaria, 52. R. stigmatica, 53. R. tristrigalis, 54. T. prasonaria trilineata. 55–62. Female genitalia images of Rhodostrophia and Tanaotrichia spp. 55. R. borealis, 56. R. cinerascens*, 57. R. herbicolens, 58. R. pelloniaria, 59. R. stigmatica, 60. R. tristrigalis, 61. R. vinacearia, 62. T. prasonaria trilineata. *Specimens and genitalia slide at ZSM-SNSB, Munich; slides and photos prepared by Dr Axel Hausmann." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13915546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13915546/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF65660DFFECFFBFB4814902089FFAA6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13915534" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13915534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13915534/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" startId="7.[151,250,1076,1100]" targetBox="[151,1428,181,1045]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFECFFBFB4814902089FFAA6" blockId="7.[151,1437,1076,1281]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFECFFBFB48149020A5CFBEB" bold="true" box="[151,277,1076,1100]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Diagnostic features of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFECFFBFB66449030841FBEA" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[626,776,1077,1101]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFECFFBFB66449030841FBEA" box="[626,776,1077,1101]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Rhodostrophia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFECFFBFB70E490308E8FBEA" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1889" box="[792,929,1077,1101]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristrigalis">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFECFFBFB70E490308E8FBEA" box="[792,929,1077,1101]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">R. tristrigalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFECFFBFB7C849030F29FBEA" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[990,1120,1077,1101]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanaotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFECFFBFB7C849030F29FBEA" box="[990,1120,1077,1101]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Tanaotrichia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFECFFBFB06749030E2BFBEA" box="[1137,1378,1077,1101]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyletis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="prasonaria" subSpecies="trilineata">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFECFFBFB06749030E2BFBEA" box="[1137,1378,1077,1101]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">T. prasonaria trilineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, type species of the genus).
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFECFFBFB565496E0ADAFBD7" bold="true" box="[371,403,1112,1136]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">3a.</emphasis>
Head and leg features of the male of
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFECFFBFB713496F08C2FBD6" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1889" box="[773,907,1113,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Rhodostrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristrigalis">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFECFFBFB713496F08C2FBD6" box="[773,907,1113,1137]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">R. tristrigalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. i) Quadripectinate antennae, eye and labial palpi. ii) Lateral view of the antennae, ventral dentation. iii) Ventral view of the antenna. iv) Foretibia with an epiphysis. v) Hindtibia with a hair pencil arising from the femorotibial joint.
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFECFFBFB66B499609D7FB1F" bold="true" box="[637,670,1184,1208]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">3b.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFECFFBFB6B2499708D9FB1E" box="[676,912,1185,1209]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phyletis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="prasonaria" subSpecies="trilineata">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFECFFBFB6B2499708D9FB1E" box="[676,912,1185,1209]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">T. prasonaria trilineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, type species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D06FFECFFBFB08B49970E56FB1E" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[1181,1311,1185,1209]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanaotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFECFFBFB08B49970E56FB1E" box="[1181,1311,1185,1209]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Tanaotrichia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. i) Foretibia with an epiphysis. ii) Hindtibial characteristics (hair pencil, a median ‘pseudo spur’ and terminal tibial spur accompanied with a small and compact hair tuft). FW) Forewing venation. HW) Hindwing venation.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA53685FFECFFBFB48148640A15FACA" blockId="7.[151,348,1362,1389]" box="[151,348,1362,1389]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B96EEA97FFECFFBFB48148640A15FACA" bold="true" box="[151,348,1362,1389]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Species account</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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