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<document id="A1B13797CD8595B87D4E8B9A41EE27B6" ID-CLB-Dataset="5275" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a15" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a8353504-9387-42cf-8d81-8ecacbe9bd90" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5101757" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DC259A19-9B35-4B33-AD9F-44F4E1DA9983" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1626265680997" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Suzuki, Noritoshi, Caulet, Jean-Pierre & Dumitrica, Paulian" docDate="2021" docId="038DDA73FF9FFE3E067CFE06FBAD49FC" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.43.15.405-573.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 43 (15)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Hexacromyoidea Haeckel 1882" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="414" masterDocId="FFB4A20BFF94FE350535FFD1FFF94F6C" masterDocTitle="A new integrated morpho- and molecular systematic classification of Cenozoic radiolarians (Class Polycystinea) - suprageneric taxonomy and logical nomenclatorial acts" masterLastPageNumber="573" masterPageNumber="405" pageNumber="414" updateTime="1699036812067" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:title id="4C09E63BEEAC4BE9044E18DB7D4BA2EE">A new integrated morpho- and molecular systematic classification of Cenozoic radiolarians (Class Polycystinea) - suprageneric taxonomy and logical nomenclatorial acts</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="57998AE61F9F602DDCB099F5A1BF46E5">Suzuki, Noritoshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CBADED17C559F936467A808B05EE54C7">Caulet, Jean-Pierre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F8526F4BB1227139F03CB0BE52D0EEFA">Dumitrica, Paulian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="45AA766FFB9F758BBD77753F72AED05C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A0A76A49248F89A5255505340FF6FD7E">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BDD4CC180B84E22F1DB9D15D0C9738EE">
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<mods:date id="66ABC31C34CA1B0DDA7B4FA1BC26D0F6">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E3692BE3961B7CAC751B37F9D7C786A2">2021-07-08</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="A4232AAE12CB63E093DB274C9686ACD0" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2D73B887CCEA9C32F98EE45619DAD7DF">43</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="307B7EBACAC63FDE3707E46030BB48B3">15</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="79E2D4A84C46A0CDFA1E985303365079" type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a15</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="073FB909995591F0B021BC307C5DCA7E" type="GBIF-Dataset">a8353504-9387-42cf-8d81-8ecacbe9bd90</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5B1C6035069B9C327BDA3818E68D69F1" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038DDA73FF9FFE3E067CFE06FBAD49FC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5131687" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183733785" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5131687" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038DDA73FF9FFE3E067CFE06FBAD49FC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038DDA73FF9FFE3E067CFE06FBAD49FC" lastPageNumber="414" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">
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<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF9FFE3E067CFE06FC524D2F" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9FFE3E067CFE06FA6A4E9D" blockId="11.[841,1427,471,497]" box="[841,1427,471,497]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">
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<heading id="D0D3DC09FF9FFE3E067CFE06FA6A4E9D" box="[841,1427,471,497]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" reason="7">
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Superfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9FFE3E06E7FE06FABB4E9D" authority="Haeckel, 1882" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[978,1346,471,497]" class="Polycystina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Hexacromyoidea">
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HEXACROMYOIDEA
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9FFE3E0191FE06FABB4E9D" author="HAECKEL E." box="[1188,1346,471,497]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref179241" refString="HAECKEL E. 1882. - Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 15: 418 - 472. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8700599" type="journal article" year="1882">Haeckel, 1882</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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n. stat.
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9FFE3E0618FDC1FC524D2F" blockId="11.[812,1455,528,579]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">
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Hexacromyida
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9FFE3E06F4FDC1FB784D44" author="HAECKEL E." box="[961,1153,528,552]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref179241" refString="HAECKEL E. 1882. - Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 15: 418 - 472. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8700599" type="journal article" year="1882">Haeckel, 1882: 453</bibRefCitation>
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[as a tribe]; 1887: 170, 201 [as a subfamily].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF9FFE3E0618FD8AFB3D4DE1" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9FFE3E0618FD8AFB3D4DE1" blockId="11.[813,1456,603,653]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB344C4BFF9FFE3E0618FD8AFB3D4DE1" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9FFE3E0618FD8AFC4A4D1F" box="[813,947,603,627]" order="Hexalonchata" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" rank="order">Hexalonchata</taxonomicName>
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–
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9FFE3E06FCFD8AFB624D1F" author="AFANASIEVA M. S. & AMON E. O. & AGARKOV Y. V. & BOLTOVSKOY D. S." box="[969,1179,603,627]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" pagination="135 - 392" refId="ref165638" refString="AFANASIEVA M. S., AMON E. O., AGARKOV Y. V. & BOLTOVSKOY D. S. 2005. - Radiolarians in the geological record. Paleontological Journal 39 (3, Suppl. S.): 135 - 392." type="book chapter" year="2005">
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Afanasieva
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<emphasis id="B950B777FF9FFE3E0103FD8AFB9D4D1F" box="[1078,1124,603,627]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">et al.</emphasis>
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2005
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</bibRefCitation>
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: S272 [as an order]. —
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<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF9FFE3E00B0FD8AFBC54DE1" author="AFANASIEVA M. S. & AMON E. O." page="109" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" year="2006">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9FFE3E00B0FD8AFBC54DE1" author="AFANASIEVA M. S. & AMON E. O." pageId="11" pageNumber="414" pagination="467" refId="ref165589" refString="AFANASIEVA M. S. & AMON E. O. 2006. - Biotic crises and stages of radiolarian evolution in the Phanerozoic. Paleontological Journal 40 (4): S 453 - S 467. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030106100054" type="journal article" year="2006">Afanasieva & Amon 2006: 109</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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[as an order].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF9FFE3E0618FD77FB3A4DBB" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9FFE3E0618FD77FB3A4DBB" blockId="11.[813,1455,677,728]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">
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DIAGNOSIS. — Spherical
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9FFE3E011FFD74FB674DD1" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1876" box="[1066,1182,677,701]" class="Polycystina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="order">Spumellaria</taxonomicName>
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with a tetrapetaloid microsphere or fine fibrous arisen from a center
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF9FFE3E0618FD29FC684C7C" box="[813,913,760,786]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9FFE3E0618FD29FC684C7C" blockId="11.[811,1457,760,1680]" box="[813,913,760,786]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">REMARKS</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF9FFE3E0618FCC9FBAD49FC" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9FFE3E0618FCC9FBAD49FC" blockId="11.[811,1457,760,1680]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9FFE3E0618FCC9FC1A4C5E" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[813,995,792,818]" class="Polycystina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="568" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Hexacromyoidea">Hexacromyoidea</taxonomicName>
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consists of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9FFE3E0154FCC9FB0B4C5E" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[1121,1266,792,818]" family="Hexacaryidae" pageId="11" pageNumber="568" rank="family">Hexacaryidae</taxonomicName>
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(including Clade A),
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9FFE3E0660FCE9FC074C3E" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[853,1022,824,850]" family="Hexacromyidae" pageId="11" pageNumber="568" rank="family">Hexacromyidae</taxonomicName>
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(including Clade B) and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9FFE3E003BFCE9FC974C1E" authorityName="Deflandre" authorityYear="1973" class="Polycystinea" family="Hollandosphaeridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Retaria" rank="family">Hollandosphaeridae</taxonomicName>
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(including Clade C).
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9FFE3E0152FC89FAEB4C1E" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[1127,1298,856,882]" family="Hexacromyidae" pageId="11" pageNumber="568" rank="family">Hexacromyidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9FFE3E0079FC89FC554CFD" authorityName="Deflandre" authorityYear="1973" class="Polycystinea" family="Hollandosphaeridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Retaria" rank="family">Hollandosphaeridae</taxonomicName>
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roughly corresponds to
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9FFE3E0198FCA6FBDB4CDE" authority="sensu De Wever et al. (2001: 210" authorityName="De Wever" authorityYear="2001" class="Polycystinea" family="Hexalonchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Entactinaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Retaria" rank="family">
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Hexalonchidae
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<emphasis id="B950B777FF9FFE3E0066FCA9FA7E4CFD" box="[1363,1415,888,913]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">sensu</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9FFE3E00BBFCA9FBDB4CDE" author="DE WEVER P. & DUMITRICA P. & CAULET J. P. & NIGRINI C. & CARIDROIT M." pageId="11" pageNumber="414" refId="ref173394" refString="DE WEVER P., DUMITRICA P., CAULET J. P., NIGRINI C. & CARIDROIT M. 2001. - Radiolarians in the sedimentary record, Amsterdam, 533 p. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781482283181" type="book" year="2001">
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De Wever
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<emphasis id="B950B777FF9FFE3E0640FC49FC5F4CDD" box="[885,934,919,945]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">et al.</emphasis>
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(2001: 210
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 212). Only a part of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9FFE3E001DFC46FBAD4CBE" authority="sensu De Wever et al. (2001)" authorityName="De Wever" authorityYear="2001" class="Polycystinea" family="Hexastylidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Entactinaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Retaria" rank="family">
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Hexastylidae
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<emphasis id="B950B777FF9FFE3E061EFC69FCA64CBD" box="[811,863,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">sensu</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9FFE3E0653FC69FBAD4CBE" author="DE WEVER P. & DUMITRICA P. & CAULET J. P. & NIGRINI C. & CARIDROIT M." box="[870,1108,951,978]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" refId="ref173394" refString="DE WEVER P., DUMITRICA P., CAULET J. P., NIGRINI C. & CARIDROIT M. 2001. - Radiolarians in the sedimentary record, Amsterdam, 533 p. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781482283181" type="book" year="2001">
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De Wever
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<emphasis id="B950B777FF9FFE3E06E7FC69FBFA4CBD" box="[978,1027,951,977]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">et al.</emphasis>
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(2001)
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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is equal to
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9FFE3E01FDFC66FAA54CBD" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[1224,1372,951,977]" family="Hexacaryidae" pageId="11" pageNumber="568" rank="family">Hexacaryidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9FFE3E0057FC66FC484C9E" author="SANDIN M. M. & BIARD T. & ROMAC S. & O'DOGHERTY L. & SUZUKI N. & NOT F." pageId="11" pageNumber="414" refId="ref194967" refString="SANDIN M. M., BIARD T., ROMAC S., O'DOGHERTY L., SUZUKI N. & NOT F. 2021. - A morpho-molecular perspective on the diversity and evolution of Spumellaria (Radiolaria). Protist 172: https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. protis. 2021.125806" type="journal volume" year="2021">
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Sandin
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<emphasis id="B950B777FF9FFE3E0618FC09FC984C9D" box="[813,865,983,1009]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">et al.</emphasis>
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(2021)
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</bibRefCitation>
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recognized three Clades A, B and C for genera belonging to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9FFE3E06D1FC26FB644B7D" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[996,1181,1015,1041]" class="Polycystina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="568" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Hexacromyoidea">Hexacromyoidea</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, but the molecular differences among both Clades A and C are supported by small bootstrap values (BS) and posterior probabilities (PP). The independency of Clade B is supported by PhyML bootstrap values of 10 000 replicates (BS),>0.99 posterior probabilities (PP) and includes
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9FFE3E06C7FB47FB664BDC" authorityName="Deflandre, 1973:" authorityYear="1150" box="[1010,1183,1174,1200]" class="Polycystinea" family="Hexalonchidae" genus="Hollandosphaera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Entactinaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9FFE3E06C7FB47FB664BDC" box="[1010,1183,1174,1200]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">Hollandosphaera</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9FFE3E019BFB47FAA24BDC" authorityName="Deflandre, 1973:" authorityYear="1150" box="[1198,1371,1174,1200]" class="Polycystinea" family="Hexalonchidae" genus="Hollandosphaera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Entactinaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9FFE3E019BFB47FAA24BDC" box="[1198,1371,1174,1200]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">Hollandosphaera</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
may be separated from the other members of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9FFE3E0187FB67FC064B9D" authority="sensu De Wever et al. (2001)" authorityName="De Wever" authorityYear="2001" class="Polycystinea" family="Hexalonchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Entactinaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Retaria" rank="family">
|
|||
|
|
Hexalonchidae
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9FFE3E0061FB66FA7E4BBC" box="[1364,1415,1207,1232]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">sensu</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9FFE3E00BAFB66FC064B9D" author="DE WEVER P. & DUMITRICA P. & CAULET J. P. & NIGRINI C. & CARIDROIT M." pageId="11" pageNumber="414" refId="ref173394" refString="DE WEVER P., DUMITRICA P., CAULET J. P., NIGRINI C. & CARIDROIT M. 2001. - Radiolarians in the sedimentary record, Amsterdam, 533 p. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781482283181" type="book" year="2001">
|
|||
|
|
De Wever
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9FFE3E064CFB06FC544B9C" box="[889,941,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(2001)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, resulting in the family
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9FFE3E0033FB07FA564B9C" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[1286,1455,1238,1264]" family="Hexacromyidae" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" rank="family">Hexacromyidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
independent of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9FFE3E06E4FB27FB8B4A7C" box="[977,1138,1270,1296]" class="Polycystinea" family="Hexalonchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Entactinaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Retaria" rank="family">Hexalonchidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. However, if we refer toSandin
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9FFE3E0618FAC6FC9B4A5C" box="[813,866,1302,1328]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(2021), the independency between
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9FFE3E01D8FAC7FA874A5C" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[1261,1406,1302,1328]" family="Hexacaryidae" pageId="11" pageNumber="568" rank="family">Hexacaryidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9FFE3E061BFAE7FC2E4A3C" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[814,983,1334,1360]" family="Hexacromyidae" pageId="11" pageNumber="568" rank="family">Hexacromyidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is faced with another problem. Clades A and C includes
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9FFE3E069FFA87FB954A1C" box="[938,1132,1366,1392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">Hexarhizacontium</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9FFE3E0191FA86FAC34A1C" ID-CoL="63762" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[1188,1338,1367,1392]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexacromyum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9FFE3E0191FA86FAC34A1C" box="[1188,1338,1367,1392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">Hexacromyum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(originally
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9FFE3E0618FAA6FC414AFC" ID-CoL="4WXP" box="[813,952,1399,1424]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexacontium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9FFE3E0618FAA6FC414AFC" box="[813,952,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">Hexacontium</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9FFE3E06EAFAA7FB5F4AFC" author="SANDIN M. M. & BIARD T. & ROMAC S. & O'DOGHERTY L. & SUZUKI N. & NOT F." box="[991,1190,1398,1424]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" refId="ref194967" refString="SANDIN M. M., BIARD T., ROMAC S., O'DOGHERTY L., SUZUKI N. & NOT F. 2021. - A morpho-molecular perspective on the diversity and evolution of Spumellaria (Radiolaria). Protist 172: https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. protis. 2021.125806" type="journal volume" year="2021">
|
|||
|
|
Sandin
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9FFE3E0107FAA6FB9F4AFC" box="[1074,1126,1398,1424]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2021
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Given the low BS and PP values, it is unhelpful to refer to the evaluation of the two-family scheme with
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9FFE3E010CFA67FB334ABC" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[1081,1226,1462,1488]" family="Hexacaryidae" pageId="11" pageNumber="568" rank="family">Hexacaryidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9FFE3E0035FA67FA544ABC" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[1280,1453,1462,1488]" family="Hexacromyidae" pageId="11" pageNumber="568" rank="family">Hexacromyidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9FFE3E0676FA07FBB94A9C" author="AFANASIEVA M. S. & AMON E. O. & AGARKOV Y. V. & BOLTOVSKOY D. S." box="[835,1088,1494,1521]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" pagination="135 - 392" refId="ref165638" refString="AFANASIEVA M. S., AMON E. O., AGARKOV Y. V. & BOLTOVSKOY D. S. 2005. - Radiolarians in the geological record. Paleontological Journal 39 (3, Suppl. S.): 135 - 392." type="book chapter" year="2005">
|
|||
|
|
Afanasieva
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9FFE3E0689FA06FC164A9C" box="[956,1007,1494,1520]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(2005)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
proposed the order
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9FFE3E002EFA07FA494A9C" box="[1307,1456,1494,1520]" order="Hexalonchata" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" rank="order">Hexalonchata</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
based only in presence of six radial spines; however, that premise is inconsistent at rank level, not only within
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9FFE3E0074F9C7FA49495C" box="[1345,1456,1558,1584]" class="Radiolaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="class">Radiolaria</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
but also in Protista (see preceding discussion). These singles characters are probably related to convergent evolution leading to homeomorphic taxa.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|