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Add updates up until 2024-08-04 20:52:42
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<document id="7190676CBE840E12DB8D5A7BA943D39C" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.641.4.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13214022" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722601483978" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Mckenzie, Robert J. &amp; Dold, Anthony P." docDate="2024" docId="039587EFA523833DD9EA90B454A0FC9B" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.641.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 641 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.641.4.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Crassothonna moniliformis R. J. McKenzie &amp; A. P. Dold, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="252" masterDocId="FFACFF97A5268334D96291205759FFDB" masterDocTitle="Crassothonna moniliformis (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a new species from the Albany Centre of floristic endemism, South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="254" masterPageNumber="243" pageNumber="248" updateTime="1722804287660" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="58674DCCBFC06A3D09CAD794BAE0CF94" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="EE4A44B8FADB5D3CFA4DB025C2A5B68B">Crassothonna moniliformis (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a new species from the Albany Centre of floristic endemism, South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F7DE90DA0E806007A66167223320FA84" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A9425743420D22DDD94E5CAF5AB3E0E5">
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<mods:namePart id="ACC23311B6D8A4B5ECE4244524274054">Mckenzie, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="82F807381C26EC1375D4E8C56C94D3BD">Department of Plant Sciences and Afromontane Research Unit, University of the Free State, Private Bag X 13, Phuthaditjhaba, 9866, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:role id="634DD1A0DB25319B167C6691C9BF757F">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A51A851F9A88C7454DFFB38F18EC9EC2">Dold, Anthony P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AEADF2CE819516053F830EA561FAE8CA">Selmar Schonland Herbarium, Botany Department, Rhodes University, P. O. Box 94, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="7423641A9E9844D134CDDC0EA345B864">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="29E51F9361000935C7D51C499F9B440E">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="34F800A9AA9A8C58BB7160F2B0B906BF">
<mods:date id="E1CCD920704B3EA19749E02F5FB986EE">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="9EB220FBF666223C6CA1D6618573293B" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="5A2F1DF29E8D73BF90B4A091BCFEB37F">2024-03-21</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="A710C61F54BA3D1E090E50020ABB85C2" type="volume">
<mods:number id="EDE3495843BC4E8EA049C9E4683994CA">641</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B7AD58BD0E03330FFBF7B2103E341A80">4</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="F4C82A6C5D001699F5F054E8BB37759E">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.641.4.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="7DE0A671D44E4381DE855D7F84761224">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="CD1E1DE08032E957D022A2AA0CAB77F7" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.641.4.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="400F8D65DBF62E28D6085D3C2C62655B" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E2170685A416131A44827F963201E63D" type="Zenodo-Dep">13214022</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039587EFA523833DD9EA90B454A0FC9B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213292" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13213292" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039587EFA523833DD9EA90B454A0FC9B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039587EFA523833DD9EA90B454A0FC9B" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="252" pageId="5" pageNumber="248">
<subSubSection id="C3266572A5238331D9EA90B45378FE75" box="[136,1057,404,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="248" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8336F9A5238331D9EA90B45378FE75" blockId="5.[136,1057,404,431]" box="[136,1057,404,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="248">
<heading id="D0CB8195A5238331D9EA90B45378FE75" box="[136,1057,404,431]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="248" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7AA5238331D9EA90B455A3FE75" ID-CoL="CD55Z" authority="R.J.McKenzie &amp; A.P.Dold" authorityName="R. J. McKenzie &amp; A. P. Dold" box="[136,762,404,431]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Crassothonna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="248" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="moniliformis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5238331D9EA90B4569FFE74" bold="true" box="[136,454,404,431]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="248">Crassothonna moniliformis</emphasis>
R.J.McKenzie &amp; A.P.Dold
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5238331DA6690B45402FE75" bold="true" box="[772,859,404,430]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="248">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27B5790A5238331DA6690B45402FE75" box="[772,859,404,430]" pageId="5" pageNumber="248" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13072A7CA5238331DA0990B454E3FE75" box="[875,954,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1654,1676]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,707,1630]" captionTargetId="figure-153@5.[151,1435,707,1630]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Crassothonna moniliformis habitat and growth habit.A. Habitat (Dyam-Dyam, Eastern Cape). B. Growth habit. C. Flowering shoot. D. Capitulum. Photographs by A.P. Dold." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214028" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13214028/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="248">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13072A7CA5238331DAA490B454BEFE75" box="[966,999,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1262,1284]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,202,1237]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1435,190,1237]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Comparison of Crassothonna species similar to Crassothonna moniliformis. A. Crassothonna moniliformis (Dyam-Dyam, Eastern Cape; Dold 16065, GRA). B, E, F. Crassothonna capensis (Redhouse, Eastern Cape; Dold 16068, GRA); C, G. Crassothonna capensis (commercial clone; McKenzie 3728, GRA). D, I. Crassothonna patula (Noupoort, Northern Cape; Dold s.n., GRA). H. Crassothonna patula (Joubert’s Pass, Eastern Cape). Bars = 10 mm (A–D). Photographs by R.J. McKenzie (A–D, F–I) &amp; A.P. Dold (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13214032/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="248">3A</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="13072A7CA5238331DD6890B45340FE75" box="[1034,1049,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[249,1369,227,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[212,1376,190,1859]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Morphology of Crassothonna moniliformis. A. Habit. Bar = 2 cm. B. Disc florets, peripheral (left) and central (right). Corolla lobes are depicted as erect to show the abaxial surface. Bar = 1 mm. C. Ray floret, adaxial view. Bar = 2 mm. D. Involucral bracts (one bract of each morphological type is shown). Bar = 2 mm. E. Style of ray floret (left) and disc floret (right). Bars = 0.5 mm (left), 0.25 mm (right). F. Stamen (four not shown). Bar = 0.5 mm. G. Cypsela from ray floret, adaxial view. Bar = 2 mm. H. Pappus bristle of ray floret (left), peripheral disc floret (centre) and central disc floret (right). Bar = 1 mm. For visual purposes, not all pappus bristles are shown in B and C. Drawings by R.J. McKenzie." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13214036/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="248">4</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3266572A5238331D9EA909C55AAFE2E" pageId="5" pageNumber="248" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8336F9A5238331D9EA909C55AAFE2E" blockId="5.[136,1452,444,646]" pageId="5" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5238331D9EA909C579BFE0A" bold="true" box="[136,194,444,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="248">Type:</emphasis>
—
<collectingCountry id="F32B7669A5238331D9B9909C56D1FE0A" box="[219,392,444,465]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="248">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49F8F81BA5238331D8F2909C5548FE0A" box="[400,529,444,465]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="5" pageNumber="248">Eastern Cape</collectingRegion>
: Kidd’s Beach [3327
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE3CA5238331DBBA909C55A5FE0A" box="[728,764,444,465]" country="Argentina" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15002" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="5" pageNumber="248" type="Herbarium">BA</collectionCode>
], Dyam-Dyam Village, Kiwane, between village and coast along Kiwane River,
<date id="FF821039A5238331D99C90C056CBFE2E" box="[254,402,480,502]" pageId="5" pageNumber="248" value="2022-01-06">6 January 2022</date>
,
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5238331D8FE90C05562FE2E" box="[412,571,480,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="248">
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE3CA5238331D8FE90C056F5FE2E" box="[412,428,480,501]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="5" pageNumber="248" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE3CA5238331D8D290C05699FE2E" box="[432,448,480,501]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="5" pageNumber="248" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
. Dold 16064
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="5487885BA5238331DB2590C055F9FE2D" box="[583,672,480,502]" pageId="5" pageNumber="248" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE3CA5238331DBCB90C055BDFE2E" box="[681,740,480,501]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14985" name="Albany Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="248" type="Herbarium">GRA</collectionCode>
!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3266572A523833CD9EA9323545EF9C0" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="251" pageId="5" pageNumber="248" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8336F9A5238331D9EA932354E4FD5D" blockId="5.[136,1452,444,646]" pageId="5" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5238331D9EA932357AAFDC2" bold="true" box="[136,243,515,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="248">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
—Prostrate perennial herb distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7AA5238331DBB4932454E7FDC2" authorityName="Bailey (1901:" authorityYear="1180" box="[726,958,516,537]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Crassothonna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="248" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5238331DBB4932454E7FDC2" box="[726,958,516,537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="248">Crassothonna capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having slender, weak, trailing, precociously adventitiously rooting stems, distantly branched and forming diffuse patches, with erect, globose-obovoid to obovoid to subclavate, rounded to obtuse, conspicuously mucronate leaves, capitula solitary or in a ±corymbiform compound synflorescence of 2–4 capitula, 7–9 ray florets per capitulum, and functionally staminate peripheral disc florets.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF436671A5238331D9EA9756550FF96B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214028" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13214028" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13214028/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="248" startId="5.[136,229,1654,1676]" targetBox="[151,1435,707,1630]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8336F9A5238331D9EA9756550FF96B" blockId="5.[136,1452,1654,1712]" pageId="5" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5238331D9EA975657AFF950" bold="true" box="[136,246,1654,1676]" pageId="5" pageNumber="248">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7AA5238331D86097565551F950" box="[258,520,1654,1675]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Crassothonna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="248" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="moniliformis">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5238331D86097565551F950" box="[258,520,1654,1675]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="248">Crassothonna moniliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
habitat and growth habit.
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5238331DB9C9756544FF950" bold="true" box="[766,790,1654,1675]" pageId="5" pageNumber="248">A.</emphasis>
Habitat (Dyam-Dyam, Eastern Cape).
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5238331DDEA975653C7F950" bold="true" box="[1160,1182,1654,1675]" pageId="5" pageNumber="248">B.</emphasis>
Growth habit.
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5238331DC4E9756521DF957" bold="true" box="[1324,1348,1654,1676]" pageId="5" pageNumber="248">C.</emphasis>
Flowering shoot.
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5238331D9AA97BA57B9F974" bold="true" box="[200,224,1690,1711]" pageId="5" pageNumber="248">D.</emphasis>
Capitulum. Photographs by A.P. Dold.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8336F9A523833CD9EA97FF56E5FA08" blockId="5.[136,1452,1758,2037]" lastBlockId="8.[136,1452,1033,2031]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="251" pageId="5" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5238331D9EA97FF579BF922" box="[136,194,1759,1785]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="248">Herb</emphasis>
perennial, prostrate, forming widely spreading, diffuse patches to at least ±
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA5238331DD4097FE5330F922" box="[1058,1129,1758,1785]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="248" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
diam., to ±
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA5238331DD9297FE5239F922" box="[1264,1376,1758,1785]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="248" unit="cm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 cm</quantity>
tall in flower.
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5238331D9809623567BF8C7" box="[226,290,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="248">Roots</emphasis>
fibrous, nodal adventitious roots forming precociously on spreading stems and from woody stems.
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5238331D9EA96075790F89A" box="[136,201,1831,1857]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="248">Stems</emphasis>
terete, spreading stems distantly branched, 1.5–3.0 mm diam., glabrous, red-purple, internodes 3–10(–20) mm long; older stems woody, leafless,
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA5238331DB6F966A5532F8BE" box="[525,619,1866,1893]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
diam.
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5238331DBDA966B545FF8BF" box="[696,774,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="248">Leaves</emphasis>
alternate, spirally arranged, ±evenly distributed along stem, base often twisted so that the leaf orientation is erect,
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA5238331DA60964E5427F852" box="[770,894,1902,1929]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="10.0">10–25 mm</quantity>
long ×
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA5238331DABC964E5367F852" box="[990,1086,1902,1929]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="5.0">5–9 mm</quantity>
wide, subclavate to obovoid to globose-obovoid, usually terete, sometimes slightly flattened and grooved adaxially, carnose, pale green or olivegreen to partially to entirely red-purple, at least young leaves slightly glaucous, apex obtuse to rounded, mucronate, mucro red-purple, acute,
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA5238331D8C396FA5571F82E" box="[417,552,2010,2037]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.6 mm</quantity>
long, lamina gradually tapering to base or base conspicuously narrowed, sessile, pseudopetiole absent, base width 2.0–
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA5208332DB5594BE55D6FA62" box="[567,655,1438,1465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
, partially amplexicaul, dense tuft of short woolly hairs on leaf base in axil.
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5208332D9A194E25600FA07" box="[195,345,1474,1500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">Inflorescence</emphasis>
terminal, simple or ±corymbiform, dichotomously branched, stem to ±
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA5208332DDF394E253BAFA06" box="[1169,1251,1474,1501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="75.0">75 mm</quantity>
long, red-purple, slightly glaucous, glabrous, succulent; bract at each fork lanceolate-linear, not terete,
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA5208332DD3794C65391F9DA" box="[1109,1224,1510,1537]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–3 mm</quantity>
long ×
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA5208332DC4194C652F5F9DA" box="[1315,1452,1510,1537]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.8 mm</quantity>
diam. at base, tuft of dense white woolly hairs in axil.
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5208332DB9F972A543CF9FF" box="[765,869,1546,1572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">Peduncle</emphasis>
ascending to erect,
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA5208332DD2E972A539EF9FE" box="[1100,1223,1546,1573]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="30.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="10.0">10–50 mm</quantity>
long × 0.5–1.0 mm diam., red-purple, slightly glaucous, glabrous, scale-like bracts absent.
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5208332DACB970E5346F993" box="[937,1055,1582,1608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">Capitulum</emphasis>
solitary or 2–4 per synflorescence,
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA5208332D9EA9772565FF9B6" box="[136,262,1618,1645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 mm</quantity>
diam. (with ray floret limbs fully unfurled), radiate, heterogamous.
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5208332DD53977253C2F9B7" box="[1073,1179,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">Involucre</emphasis>
±cupuliform, diurnally campanulate during anthesis, tapering at base, ecalyculate,
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA5208332DA48975654EAF94A" box="[810,947,1654,1681]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.55" metricValueMax="6.3" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="5.55" valueMax="6.3" valueMin="4.8">4.8–6.3 mm</quantity>
long ×
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA5208332DD6C975653CEF94A" box="[1038,1175,1654,1681]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="3.9" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.3">3.3–4.5 mm</quantity>
diam., involucral bracts uniseriate, 8, basally connate at most for ca.
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA5208332DBE697BA5584F96E" box="[644,733,1690,1717]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
, elliptic-deltoid to lanceolate-elliptic to lanceolate,
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA5208332DC4697BA52F5F96E" box="[1316,1452,1690,1717]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="4.5">4.5–5.5 mm</quantity>
long ×
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA5208332D9B8979E563BF902" box="[218,354,1726,1753]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8499999999999999" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="1.8499999999999999" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="0.9">0.9–2.8 mm</quantity>
wide, red-purple, slightly glaucous, margins membranous (3 bracts) or membranous on one side only (2 bracts) or non-membranous (3 bracts), obtuse to acute, apex with dense tuft of minute ciliate hairs to ca.
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA5208332DCEA97C257EDF8FA" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
long, diurnally strongly reflexed to partially coiled during anthesis.
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5208332DAB296265312F8FB" box="[976,1099,1798,1824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">Receptacle</emphasis>
somewhat convex, to
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA5208332DC31962652F5F8FA" box="[1363,1452,1798,1825]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
high, minutely alveolate, alveoles to ca.
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA5208332DB2C960A55FCF89E" box="[590,677,1834,1861]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
high.
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5208332DB8E960B543FF89F" box="[748,870,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">Ray florets</emphasis>
7–9, radiate, functionally pistillate; Corolla yellow, tube funnelform,
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA5208332D833966E5682F8B2" box="[337,475,1870,1897]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="1.65" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.8 mm</quantity>
long ×
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA5208332DB5B966E559AF8B2" box="[569,707,1870,1897]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.5 mm</quantity>
diam., glabrous, adaxial lobes absent, limb ovate-oblong,
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA5208332DC04966E57EDF856" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="10.0">10–11 mm</quantity>
long ×
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA5208332D869965256CBF856" box="[267,402,1906,1933]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="2.15" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.5 mm</quantity>
diam., fully extended diurnally and recoiled overnight during anthesis, veins green abaxially, apex obtuse-truncate, minutely denticulate, teeth 2; Style
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA5208332DA7296B654CEF86A" box="[784,919,1942,1969]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="1.95" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.7">1.7–2.2 mm</quantity>
long, bifid, branches
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA5208332DDEF96B6524DF86A" box="[1165,1300,1942,1969]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="0.95" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.1 mm</quantity>
long, obtuse, flattened, adaxial surface of each branch with two longitudinal stigmatic bands, each minutely papillate, apex with group of larger rounded cells but sweeping hairs absent; Ovary obovoid-terete,
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA5208332DA9E96FE53DAF822" box="[1020,1155,2014,2041]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.8 mm</quantity>
long ×
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA5208332DDBA96FE5207F822" box="[1240,1374,2014,2041]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.5 mm</quantity>
diam.; Cypsela obovoid-obconical, weakly tangentially flattened, not angular, tapering gradually to base,
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA5208332DDB499225204F7C6" box="[1238,1373,2050,2077]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="2.65" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="2.5">2.5–2.8 mm</quantity>
long ×
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA52E833CD9EA95295790FBFF" box="[136,201,1033,1060]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="251" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
diam. (radial) ×
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA52E833CD8E595295684FBFF" box="[391,477,1033,1060]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="251" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
diam. (tangential), covered with uniformly dense, silvery-white, appressed myxogenic twin hairs, apex rounded; Pappus setose, bristles ∞, erect, straight,
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA52E833CDAF3950D5342FB93" box="[913,1051,1069,1096]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="251" unit="mm" value="3.15" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.8">2.8–3.5 mm</quantity>
long, white, caducous, attached to thickened apical rim on ovary/cypsela, apex predominantly non-forked, occasionally minutely forked, apical cells acute, margin with minute teeth for most of length, teeth mostly ascending, acute, strongly reduced or absent in basal portion.
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA52E833CD98B95BA5635FB68" box="[233,364,1177,1203]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="251">Disc florets</emphasis>
ca. 25–40, functionally staminate; Corolla yellow, narrowly funnelform, tube 0.8–1.0 mm long ×
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA52E833CD9C3959D5673FB03" box="[161,298,1213,1240]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="251" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.3 mm</quantity>
diam., glabrous, terete, limb narrowly campanulate,
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA52E833CDAE8959D534DFB03" box="[906,1044,1213,1240]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="251" unit="mm" value="1.85" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.2 mm</quantity>
long ×
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA52E833CDD13959D53A3FB03" box="[1137,1274,1213,1240]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="251" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.7 mm</quantity>
diam., lobes 5, deltoid,
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA52E833CD98795C15665FB27" box="[229,316,1249,1276]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="251" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
long, abaxial surface with dense short glandular hairs ca.
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA52E833CDAAD95C1537FFB27" box="[975,1062,1249,1276]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="251" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
long; Stamens anther 1.8–2.0 mm long (including apical appendage), apical appendage
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA52E833CDBBC9425546DFAFB" box="[734,820,1285,1312]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="251" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
long, ovate, obtuse, endothecial wall thickenings radial, base ecalcarate, ecaudate, obtuse, filament collar balusterform; Style simple, unbranched, apex conical, cone
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA52E833CDC35940957EDFAB3" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="251" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.3 mm</quantity>
long with short obtuse-rounded sweeping hairs, subtended by whorl of longer acute-obtuse sweeping hairs; Ovary terete, glabrous, peripheral florets 1.0–
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA52E833CDB5A945155D2FA57" box="[568,651,1393,1420]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="251" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
long ×
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA52E833CDBBC9451543DFA57" box="[734,868,1393,1420]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="251" unit="mm" value="0.3" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.4 mm</quantity>
wide, central florets 2.0–
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA52E833CDD1D9451538AFA57" box="[1151,1235,1393,1420]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="251" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
long ×
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA52E833CDC44945152F5FA57" box="[1318,1452,1393,1420]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="251" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.3 mm</quantity>
wide; Pappus bristles of peripheral florets as for ray florets, of central florets ca. 13–20,
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA52E833CDD0894B553ABFA6B" box="[1130,1266,1429,1456]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="251" unit="mm" value="2.05" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="1.7">1.7–2.4 mm</quantity>
long, persistent, otherwise as for ray florets.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF436671A5208332D9EA95CE52FDFAB4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214032" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13214032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13214032/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" startId="6.[136,229,1262,1284]" targetBox="[151,1435,202,1237]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8336F9A5208332D9EA95CE52FDFAB4" blockId="6.[136,1452,1262,1392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5208332D9EA95CE57A0FAD8" bold="true" box="[136,249,1262,1284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
. Comparison of
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7AA5208332D8FC95CE5528FADF" box="[414,625,1262,1284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5208332D8FC95CE557CFAD8" box="[414,549,1262,1283]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">Crassothonna</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7AA5208332DBBF95CE54BFFAD8" box="[733,998,1262,1283]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Crassothonna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="moniliformis">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5208332DBBF95CE54BFFAD8" box="[733,998,1262,1283]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">Crassothonna moniliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5208332DA9395CE5350FAD8" bold="true" box="[1009,1033,1262,1283]" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">A.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7AA5208332DD7295CE5240FAD8" box="[1040,1305,1262,1283]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Crassothonna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="moniliformis">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5208332DD7295CE5240FAD8" box="[1040,1305,1262,1283]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">Crassothonna moniliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Dyam-Dyam, Eastern Cape;
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5208332D874943256D3FAFC" box="[278,394,1298,1319]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">Dold 16065</emphasis>
, GRA).
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5208332D8BD94325575FAFC" bold="true" box="[479,556,1298,1319]" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">B, E, F.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7AA5208332DB519432544DFAFC" authorityName="Bailey (1901:" authorityYear="1180" box="[563,788,1298,1319]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Crassothonna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5208332DB519432544DFAFC" box="[563,788,1298,1319]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">Crassothonna capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Redhouse, Eastern Cape;
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5208332DD7F943253C9FAFC" box="[1053,1168,1298,1319]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">Dold 16068</emphasis>
, GRA);
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5208332DD8494325247FAF3" bold="true" box="[1254,1310,1298,1320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">C, G.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7AA5208332DC4794325782FA90" authorityName="Bailey (1901:" authorityYear="1180" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Crassothonna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5208332DC4794325782FA90" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">Crassothonna capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(commercial clone;
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5208332D8D294165512FA90" box="[432,587,1334,1355]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">McKenzie 3728</emphasis>
, GRA).
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5208332DBCA94165583FA90" bold="true" box="[680,730,1334,1355]" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">D, I.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7AA5208332DB87941654EDFA90" box="[741,948,1334,1355]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Crassothonna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patula">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5208332DB87941654EDFA90" box="[741,948,1334,1355]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">Crassothonna patula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Noupoort, Northern Cape;
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5208332DDBB9416526FFA90" box="[1241,1334,1334,1355]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">Dold s.n.</emphasis>
, GRA).
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5208332DCF1941652F5FA90" bold="true" box="[1427,1452,1334,1355]" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">H.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7AA5208332D9EA947A560BFAB4" box="[136,338,1370,1391]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Crassothonna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patula">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5208332D9EA947A560BFAB4" box="[136,338,1370,1391]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="249">Crassothonna patula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Joubert’s Pass, Eastern Cape). Bars = 10 mm (A–D). Photographs by R.J. McKenzie (A–D, F–I) &amp; A.P. Dold (E).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF436671A5218333D9EA967B56BCF7FE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214036" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13214036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13214036/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" startId="7.[136,229,1883,1905]" targetBox="[249,1369,227,1852]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8336F9A5218333D9EA967B56BCF7FE" blockId="7.[136,1451,1883,2085]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5218333D9EA967B57AEF8AB" bold="true" box="[136,247,1883,1905]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
. Morphology of
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7AA5218333D8FA967B55C6F8AB" box="[408,671,1883,1904]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Crassothonna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="250" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="moniliformis">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5218333D8FA967B55C6F8AB" box="[408,671,1883,1904]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">Crassothonna moniliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5218333DBC8967B559BF8AB" bold="true" box="[682,706,1883,1904]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">A.</emphasis>
Habit. Bar = 2 cm.
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5218333DA1E967C54CBF8AA" bold="true" box="[892,914,1884,1905]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">B.</emphasis>
Disc florets, peripheral (left) and central (right). Corolla lobes are depicted as erect to show the abaxial surface. Bar = 1 mm.
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5218333DA47965F5465F84E" bold="true" box="[805,828,1919,1941]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">C.</emphasis>
Ray floret, adaxial view. Bar = 2 mm.
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5218333DDDB96A05388F84E" bold="true" box="[1209,1233,1920,1941]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">D.</emphasis>
Involucral bracts (one bract of each morphological type is shown). Bar = 2 mm.
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5218333DBD29684559FF862" bold="true" box="[688,710,1956,1977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">E.</emphasis>
Style of ray floret (left) and disc floret (right). Bars = 0.5 mm (left), 0.25 mm (right).
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5218333D9B096E857BDF806" bold="true" box="[210,228,1992,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">F.</emphasis>
Stamen (four not shown). Bar = 0.5 mm.
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5218333DB1B96E755CBF806" bold="true" box="[633,658,1991,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">G.</emphasis>
Cypsela from ray floret, adaxial view. Bar = 2 mm.
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA5218333DDE996E853FDF806" bold="true" box="[1163,1188,1992,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="250">H.</emphasis>
Pappus bristle of ray floret (left), peripheral disc floret (centre) and central disc floret (right). Bar = 1 mm. For visual purposes, not all pappus bristles are shown in B and C. Drawings by R.J. McKenzie.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF436671A52E833CD9EA92E555B5FC01" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214038" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13214038" box="[136,748,965,987]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13214038/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="251" startId="8.[136,229,965,987]" targetBox="[178,1410,203,915]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8336F9A52E833CD9EA92E555B5FC01" blockId="8.[136,748,965,987]" box="[136,748,965,987]" pageId="8" pageNumber="251">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA52E833CD9EA92E557AEFC01" bold="true" box="[136,247,965,987]" pageId="8" pageNumber="251">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
. Known distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7AA52E833CD8BD92E555BFFC01" box="[479,742,965,986]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Crassothonna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="251" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="moniliformis">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA52E833CD8BD92E555BFFC01" box="[479,742,965,986]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="251">Crassothonna moniliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8336F9A52E833CD9DF94FD545EF9C0" blockId="8.[136,1452,1033,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="251">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA52E833CD9DF94FD561AFA2C" bold="true" box="[189,323,1501,1527]" pageId="8" pageNumber="251">Phenology:</emphasis>
—Flowering in its natural habitat is recorded in January, April–May and August–October, and therefore may occur year-round or be rainfall-dependent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3266572A52E833DD9DF97055303FDFA" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="252" pageId="8" pageNumber="251" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8336F9A52E833CD9DF97055537F834" blockId="8.[136,1452,1033,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="251">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA52E833CD9DF970556ACF9E4" bold="true" box="[189,501,1573,1599]" pageId="8" pageNumber="251">Distribution and habitat:</emphasis>
—
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7AA52E833CDB7397055413F9E4" box="[529,842,1573,1599]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Crassothonna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="251" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="moniliformis">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA52E833CDB7397055413F9E4" box="[529,842,1573,1599]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="251">Crassothonna moniliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from one restricted area, extending from Mount Pleasant inland of Kayser’s Beach to the Kiwane River, southwest of East London in the
<collectingRegion id="49F8F81BA52E833CDC77976A57B3F95C" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="8" pageNumber="251">Eastern Cape province</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="13072A7CA52E833CD99B974D5664F95C" box="[249,317,1645,1671]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[249,1369,227,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[212,1376,190,1859]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Morphology of Crassothonna moniliformis. A. Habit. Bar = 2 cm. B. Disc florets, peripheral (left) and central (right). Corolla lobes are depicted as erect to show the abaxial surface. Bar = 1 mm. C. Ray floret, adaxial view. Bar = 2 mm. D. Involucral bracts (one bract of each morphological type is shown). Bar = 2 mm. E. Style of ray floret (left) and disc floret (right). Bars = 0.5 mm (left), 0.25 mm (right). F. Stamen (four not shown). Bar = 0.5 mm. G. Cypsela from ray floret, adaxial view. Bar = 2 mm. H. Pappus bristle of ray floret (left), peripheral disc floret (centre) and central disc floret (right). Bar = 1 mm. For visual purposes, not all pappus bristles are shown in B and C. Drawings by R.J. McKenzie." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13214036/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="251">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B08A52E833CD833974D5552F95C" author="Rowley, G. D." box="[337,523,1645,1671]" pageId="8" pageNumber="251" refId="ref8351" refString="Rowley, G. D. (1994) Succulent Compositae. Strawberry Press, Mill Valley, 238 pp." type="book" year="1994">Rowley’s (1994)</bibRefCitation>
photographs of the species growing at “Kayser’s Beach” were possibly taken at the Mount Pleasant subpopulation. The plants grow in shallow sandy sediments overlying exposed calcareous sandstone pavements of the Nanaga Formation of the Algoa Group (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B08A52E833CDA73979554EEF914" author="Le Roux, F. G." box="[785,951,1717,1744]" pageId="8" pageNumber="251" refId="ref7445" refString="Le Roux, F. G. (1989) The lithostratigraphy of Cenozoic deposits along the South East Cape coast as related to geological change. MSc thesis, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 247 pp. [http: // hdl. handle. net / 10019.1 / 67134]" type="book" year="1989">Le Roux 1989</bibRefCitation>
). The pavements are located on sandy dunes stabilised by coastal thicket on gentle north-facing slopes at ca.
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA52E833CDA3697F9549CF92F" box="[852,965,1753,1780]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="251" unit="m" value="65.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="30.0">30–100 m</quantity>
above sea level. The pavements host a rich suite of dwarf succulent and geophytic plant taxa, including a number of localised taxa endemic to the Albany Centre of floristic endemism (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B08A52E833CD8E496015531F8E0" author="Dold, A. P. &amp; Brink, E." box="[390,616,1825,1851]" pageId="8" pageNumber="251" pagination="631 - 634" refId="ref6830" refString="Dold, A. P. &amp; Brink, E. (2004) Drimia chalumnensis (Hyacinthaceae - Urgineoideae), a new species from Eastern Cape, South Africa. South African Journal of Botany 70: 631 - 634. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0254 - 6299 (15) 30202 - 7" type="journal article" year="2004">Dold &amp; Brink 2004</bibRefCitation>
). The region has a temperate climate with mean annual precipitation of ca.
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA52E833CD9EA966557BFF8BB" box="[136,230,1861,1888]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="251" unit="mm" value="500.0">500 mm</quantity>
, year-round rainfall with peaks in early and late summer, supplemented by frequent coastal mist, mean annual temperature of 16–18 °C, and mean daily temperature in the summer months (December–February) of 20–24 °C and in the winter months (June–August) of 14–16 °C (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B08A52E833CDBDA96AD54CAF87C" author="Schulze, R. E. &amp; Maharaj, M. &amp; Lynch, S. D. &amp; Howe, B. J. &amp; Melvil-Thompson, B." box="[696,915,1933,1959]" pageId="8" pageNumber="251" refId="ref8539" refString="Schulze, R. E., Maharaj, M., Lynch, S. D., Howe, B. J. &amp; Melvil-Thompson, B. (2001) South African atlas of agrohydrology and climatology. Beta 1.002. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg. [http: // fred. csir. co. za / project / tmg / agrohydrology _ atlas / atlas. htm]" type="url" year="2001">
Schulze
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA52E833CDA7B96AE5408F87C" box="[793,849,1933,1959]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="251">et al.</emphasis>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
). At a coarse scale, the habitat is mapped within the Albany Coastal Belt (AT 9) vegetation unit of the Albany Thicket Biome (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B08A52E833CDA9D96915390F810" author="Hoare, D. B. &amp; Mucina, L. &amp; Rutherford, M. C. &amp; Vlok, J. H. J. &amp; Euston-Brown, D. I. W. &amp; Palmer, A. R. &amp; Powrie, L. W. &amp; Lechmere-Oertel, R. G. &amp; Proches, S. M. &amp; Dold, A. P. &amp; Ward, R. A." box="[1023,1225,1969,1995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="251" pagination="540 - 567" refId="ref7119" refString="Hoare, D. B., Mucina, L., Rutherford, M. C., Vlok, J. H. J., Euston-Brown, D. I. W., Palmer, A. R., Powrie, L. W., Lechmere-Oertel, R. G., Proches, S. M., Dold, A. P. &amp; Ward, R. A. (2006) Albany Thicket Biome. In: Mucina, L. &amp; Rutherford, M. C. (Eds.) The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Strelitzia 19. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, pp. 540 - 567." type="book chapter" year="2006">
Hoare
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA52E833CDD2C969253DEF810" box="[1102,1159,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="251">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
) and lies within the Albany Thicket Bioregion (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B08A52E833CD8DE96F5553BF834" author="Cowling, R. M." box="[444,610,2005,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="251" pagination="71 - 91" refId="ref6484" refString="Cowling, R. M. (2019) Vegetation of the Eastern Cape: navigating a transition zone. In: Bredenkamp, C. L. (Ed.) A flora of the Eastern Cape province 1. Strelitzia 41. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, pp. 71 - 91." type="book chapter" year="2019">Cowling 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8336F9A52F833DD9DF91BE5303FDFA" blockId="9.[136,1452,158,833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA52F833DD9DF91BE56E3FF63" bold="true" box="[189,442,158,184]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Conservation status:</emphasis>
—
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7AA52F833DD8B491BE5456FF63" box="[470,783,158,184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Crassothonna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="moniliformis">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA52F833DD8B491BE5456FF63" box="[470,783,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Crassothonna moniliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is geographically localised and habitat-restricted, but is common where it occurs. The current known Extent of Occurrence and Area of Occupancy are &lt;
<quantity id="4CC49B1CA52F833DDD8591E25269FF07" box="[1255,1328,194,220]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C499BB1A52F833DDC4D91E2526EFF0B" attach="left" box="[1327,1335,194,208]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">2</superScript>
. Accurate estimation of individual plant numbers is extremely difficult owing to the diffuse growth habit of the species. The known population is situated on unprotected communal land and is threatened by sand mining, trampling by communal livestock and encroachment from informal housing. The exposed pavements host several plant taxa of conservation concern, including
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7AA52F833DD8069072543AFEB7" authority="Williams (1978: 347)" authorityName="Williams" authorityPageNumber="347" authorityYear="1978" box="[356,867,338,364]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Acmadenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kiwanensis">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA52F833DD8069072553FFEB7" box="[356,614,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Acmadenia kiwanensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B08A52F833DDB0C9072543AFEB7" author="Williams, I. J. M." box="[622,867,338,364]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" pagination="329 - 362" refId="ref9036" refString="Williams, I. J. M. (1978) Studies in the genera of the Diosmeae (Rutaceae): 7. Journal of South African Botany 44: 329 - 362." type="journal article" year="1978">Williams (1978: 347)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(CR),
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7AA52F833DDAD6907256CCFE4A" authority="(Schlechter 1894: 3) Kupicha (1984: 654)" authorityName="Kupicha" authorityPageNumber="654" authorityYear="1984" baseAuthorityName="Schlechter" baseAuthorityPageNumber="3" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Aspidoglossum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flanaganii">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA52F833DDAD690725383FEB7" box="[948,1242,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Aspidoglossum flanaganii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B08A52F833DDD88907257CFFE4B" author="Schlechter, R." pageId="9" pageNumber="252" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref8453" refString="Schlechter, R. (1894) Beitrage zur Kenntnis sudafrikanischer Asclepiadaceen. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 18 (4, Beibl. 45): 1 - 37. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 203670]" type="journal article" year="1894">Schlechter 1894: 3</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B08A52F833DD9CA905656CCFE4A" author="Kupicha, F. K." box="[168,405,374,401]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" pagination="599 - 672" refId="ref7413" refString="Kupicha, F. K. (1984) Studies on African Asclepiadaceae. Kew Bulletin 38: 599 - 672. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4108575" type="journal article" year="1984">Kupicha (1984: 654)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(DDD),
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7AA52F833DD89F9057537CFE4B" authority="Dold &amp; Brink (2004: 631)" authorityName="Dold &amp; Brink" authorityPageNumber="631" authorityYear="2004" box="[509,1061,374,400]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Drimia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chalumnensis">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA52F833DD89F905755B6FE4B" box="[509,751,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Drimia chalumnensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B08A52F833DDB9A9056537CFE4B" author="Dold, A. P. &amp; Brink, E." box="[760,1061,374,400]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" pagination="631 - 634" refId="ref6830" refString="Dold, A. P. &amp; Brink, E. (2004) Drimia chalumnensis (Hyacinthaceae - Urgineoideae), a new species from Eastern Cape, South Africa. South African Journal of Botany 70: 631 - 634. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0254 - 6299 (15) 30202 - 7" type="journal article" year="2004">Dold &amp; Brink (2004: 631)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(VU),
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7AA52F833DDD1A90575657FE6F" authority="Bolus (1934: 449)" authorityName="Bolus" authorityPageNumber="449" authorityYear="1934" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Faucaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subintegra">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA52F833DDD1A90575238FE4B" box="[1144,1377,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Faucaria subintegra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B08A52F833DDC0890565657FE6F" author="Bolus, H. M. L." pageId="9" pageNumber="252" refId="ref6297" refString="Bolus, H. M. L. (1934) Notes on Mesembryanthemum and allied genera 2. University of Cape Town, Bolus Herbarium, Cape Town, 508 pp." type="book" year="1934">Bolus (1934: 449)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(VU) and
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7AA52F833DD8EE90BA5404FE6F" authority="Bolus (1958: 330)" authorityName="Bolus" authorityPageNumber="330" authorityYear="1958" box="[396,861,410,437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Lampranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fugitans">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA52F833DD8EE90BA55DDFE6F" box="[396,644,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Lampranthus fugitans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B08A52F833DDBEF90BA5404FE6F" author="Bolus, H. M. L." box="[653,861,410,437]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" refId="ref6330" refString="Bolus, H. M. L. (1958) Notes on Mesembryanthemum and allied genera 3. University of Cape Town, Bolus Herbarium, Cape Town, 417 pp." type="book" year="1958">Bolus (1958: 330)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(VU), as assessed in the Red List of South African Plants (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B08A52F833DD9BD909E5625FE03" author="SANBI" box="[223,380,446,472]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" refId="ref8411" refString="SANBI (2020) Red List of South African Plants. Version 2020.1. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Available from: http: // redlist. sanbi. org / (accessed: 31 July 2023)." type="url" year="2020">SANBI 2020</bibRefCitation>
). With reference to the IUCN Red List categories and criteria (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B08A52F833DDD03909E53B7FE03" author="IUCN" box="[1121,1262,446,472]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" refId="ref7248" refString="IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List categories and criteria. Version 3.1, 2 nd edition. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, 32 pp." type="book" year="2012">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
), a conservation threat status of Vulnerable (VU – D2), applicable where a species is close to qualifying for or is likely to qualify for a threatened category in the near future, is recommended for
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7AA52F833DDA429326530AFDFB" box="[800,1107,518,544]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Crassothonna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="moniliformis">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA52F833DDA429326530AFDFB" box="[800,1107,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Crassothonna moniliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3266572A52F833DD9DF930A54A0FC9B" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8336F9A52F833DD9DF930A5422FD57" blockId="9.[136,1452,158,833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA52F833DD9DF930A5611FD9F" bold="true" box="[189,328,554,580]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Etymology:</emphasis>
—The species epithet is a compound adjective formed from the noun
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA52F833DDD2A930A53CDFD9F" box="[1096,1172,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">monīle</emphasis>
(necklace) and the suffix -
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA52F833DD9F3936E5780FDB3" box="[145,217,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">formis</emphasis>
derived from the noun
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA52F833DD88C936E5568FDB3" box="[494,561,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">fōrma</emphasis>
(shape), meaning ‘having the form of a necklace’. The epithet alludes to the slender trailing stems with regularly spaced, often bead-like leaves.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8336F9A52F833DD9DF93B65314FD6B" blockId="9.[136,1452,158,833]" box="[189,1101,662,689]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA52F833DD9DF93B65600FD6B" bold="true" box="[189,345,662,688]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Illustrations:</emphasis>
—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B08A52F833DD81493B65578FD6B" author="Rowley, G. D." box="[374,545,662,688]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" refId="ref8351" refString="Rowley, G. D. (1994) Succulent Compositae. Strawberry Press, Mill Valley, 238 pp." type="book" year="1994">Rowley (1994)</bibRefCitation>
: 53, Fig. 61; 166, Fig. 253 (“
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7AA52F833DDA0593B65369FD6B" baseAuthorityName="Rowley" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[871,1072,662,688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Othonna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA52F833DDA0593B65369FD6B" box="[871,1072,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Othonna capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8336F9A52F833DD9DF939A54A0FC9B" blockId="9.[136,1452,158,833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">
<materialsCitation id="3B543CA4A52F833DD9DF939A545BFD23" collectingDate="2014-08-07" collectionCode="BA, S, GRA" collectorName="Moshani" country="South Africa" location="Dyam-Dyam" municipality="Kidd's Beach" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA52F833DD9DF939A5586FD0F" bold="true" box="[189,735,698,724]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">
<typeStatus id="5487885BA52F833DD9DF939A5518FD0F" box="[189,577,698,724]" isOtherTypeStatus="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Additional specimens examined</typeStatus>
(
<typeStatus id="5487885BA52F833DDB37939A558BFD0F" box="[597,722,698,724]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
):
</emphasis>
—
<collectingCountry id="F32B7669A52F833DDB9E939A5494FD0F" box="[764,973,698,724]" name="South Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49F8F81BA52F833DDABF939B5323FD0F" box="[989,1146,698,725]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Eastern Cape</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE7AC83A52F833DDDE8939A527FFD0F" box="[1162,1318,698,724]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Kidd’s Beach</collectingMunicipality>
[3327
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE3CA52F833DDC14939A52F8FD0F" box="[1398,1441,698,724]" country="Argentina" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15002" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" type="Herbarium">BA</collectionCode>
]:
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,
<date id="FF821039A52F833DD84F93FF5684FD23" box="[301,477,734,761]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" value="2014-08-07">
<collectingDate id="EFC6E9D1A52F833DD84F93FF5684FD23" box="[301,477,734,761]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" value="2014-08-07">7 August 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA52F833DD88F93FF55FCFD23" box="[493,677,734,761]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE3CA52F833DD88F93FF56A7FD22" box="[493,510,735,761]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26C9532FA52F833DDB6F93FE5536FD23" box="[525,623,734,760]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Moshani</collectorName>
107
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE3CA52F833DDBDB93FE55A3FD23" box="[697,762,734,760]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14985" name="Albany Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" type="Herbarium">GRA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B543CA4A52F833DDA7093FF54ACFC9B" collectingDate="1980-06-20" collectingDateMax="2022-10-03" collectingDateMin="1980-06-20" collectionCode="A, P, GRA, BA, NBG" collectorName="D. Gover" country="South Africa" county="Dyam-Dyam Village" location="Kiwane River" municipality="Kiwane" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCounty id="62E24E75A52F833DDA7093FF535AFD23" box="[786,1027,734,761]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Dyam-Dyam Village</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE7AC83A52F833DDD7193FE5334FD23" box="[1043,1133,734,760]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Kiwane</collectingMunicipality>
, between village and coast along
<location id="8EE36022A52F833DD9AC92225634FCC7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039587EFA523833DD9EA90B454A0FC9B:8EE36022A52F833DD9AC92225634FCC7" box="[206,365,770,796]" country="South Africa" county="Dyam-Dyam Village" municipality="Kiwane" name="Kiwane River" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">Kiwane River</location>
,
<date id="FF821039A52F833DD81A92225572FCC7" box="[376,555,770,796]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" value="2022-10-03">
<collectingDate id="EFC6E9D1A52F833DD81A92225572FCC7" box="[376,555,770,796]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" value="2022-10-03">3 October 2022</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA52F833DDB54922355A9FCC7" box="[566,752,770,797]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE3CA52F833DDB5492235510FCC6" box="[566,585,771,797]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE3CA52F833DDB2F92235539FCC6" box="[589,608,771,797]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
. Dold 16065
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE3CA52F833DDA6292225418FCC7" box="[768,833,770,796]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14985" name="Albany Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" type="Herbarium">GRA</collectionCode>
). Ex hort.:
<location id="8EE36022A52F833DDADC92235309FCC7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039587EFA523833DD9EA90B454A0FC9B:8EE36022A52F833DDADC92235309FCC7" box="[958,1104,770,797]" country="South Africa" county="Dyam-Dyam Village" municipality="Kiwane" name="East London" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">East London</location>
, Kayser’s Beach. Cultivated at Kirstenbosch ex Avonley farm [3327
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE3CA52F833DDB4592065508FC9B" box="[551,593,806,832]" country="Argentina" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15002" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" type="Herbarium">BA</collectionCode>
],
<date id="FF821039A52F833DDB01920655A5FC9B" box="[611,764,806,833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" value="1980-06-20">
<collectingDate id="EFC6E9D1A52F833DDB01920655A5FC9B" box="[611,764,806,833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" value="1980-06-20">20 June 1980</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B948EAEBA52F833DDA65920754C4FC9B" box="[775,925,807,833]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">
<collectorName id="26C9532FA52F833DDA6592075436FC9A" box="[775,879,807,833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="252">D. Gover</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE3CA52F833DDACE920654B4FC9B" box="[940,1005,806,832]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15565" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15565" name="South African National Biodiversity Institute" pageId="9" pageNumber="252" type="Herbarium">NBG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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