treatments-xml/data/10/09/87/1009878FFFB4AB20A8C3FC043F6C3F60.xml

<document id="3DFDDF107BDACE2585DFF6D8D0744EA4" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3981.4.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="68e6be62-f09e-4e72-b7d4-fb465e216dda" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="238004" ID-ZooBank="A25E1932-6C69-46E8-8A92-19D9294295EC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461249866688" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Freitas, André V. L., Barbosa, Eduardo P., Siewert, Ricardo R., Mielke, Af. H. H., Zacca, Thamara &amp; Azeredo-Espin, Ana Maria L." docDate="2015" docId="1009878FFFB4AB20A8C3FC043F6C3F60" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03981p541.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3981 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Moneuptychia vitellina Freitas &amp; Barbosa, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="531" masterDocId="EC30FFF7FFBCAB2AA854FFCC3D3F3968" masterDocTitle="Four new species of Moneuptychia (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae: Euptychiina) from Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="541" masterPageNumber="521" pageNumber="529" updateTime="1698607225565" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="0EED22111C9928C6D16B19D17249D6C7">Four new species of Moneuptychia (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae: Euptychiina) from Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E70A69F5AC2FA0DBF3E68DE870246B92">Freitas, André V. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C6564FF39F125F1E45D56EFFAEBA6B32">Barbosa, Eduardo P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1AED987B07FC874DA272291201E06BBB">Siewert, Ricardo R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="355D708ED5BB320F6F5D3878A66886F9">Mielke, Af. H. H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1C14ADDDADAA0EE7FCAB0A190A3AE985">Zacca, Thamara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5BC2C7EB8B2EE723B1F024BCA97152D5">Azeredo-Espin, Ana Maria L.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="1009878FFFB4AB20A8C3FC043F6C3F60" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5675323" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119635699" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5675323" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1009878FFFB4AB20A8C3FC043F6C3F60" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1009878FFFB4AB20A8C3FC043F6C3F60" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="531" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
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<paragraph id="981F3699FFB4AB22A8C3FC043E053A8B" blockId="8.[151,826,968,1029]" box="[151,826,968,995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
<heading id="C35781F5FFB4AB22A8C3FC043E053A8B" bold="true" box="[151,826,968,995]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" reason="1">
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB4AB22A8C3FC043E053A8B" bold="true" box="[151,826,968,995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
<taxonomicName id="5FA04D1AFFB4AB22A8C3FC043FA13A8B" authority="Freitas &amp; Barbosa" authorityName="Freitas &amp; Barbosa" box="[151,670,968,995]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Moneuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitellina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB4AB22A8C3FC043C913A8A" bold="true" box="[151,430,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Moneuptychia vitellina</emphasis>
Freitas &amp; Barbosa
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, 
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="981F3699FFB4AB22A8C3FC203C003D6C" blockId="8.[151,826,968,1029]" box="[151,319,1004,1029]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
(
<figureCitation id="009B2A1CFFB4AB22A8CBFC203DD23D6C" box="[159,237,1004,1029]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1723,1745]" captionTargetBox="[203,1375,508,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1398,486,1701]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Habitat and live adults of Moneuptychia spp. A. Open highland grassland (“ campo de altitude ”), Pico do Itapeva, Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo (habitat of M. montana n. sp., M. pervagata n. sp. and M. itapeva); B. Contact between grassland and altitude forest, Alto do Capivari, Campos do Jordão, São Paulo (habitat of M. montana n. sp., M. itapeva, M. pervagata n. sp. and M. soter); C. Trail inside altitude forest, Alto da Boa Vista, Campos do Jordão, São Paulo (habitat of M. vitellina n. sp. and M. soter); D. Male of M. montana n. sp. (Alto do Capivari, Campos do Jordão, São Paulo); E. Male of M. vitellina n. sp. (Alto da Boa Vista, Campos do Jordão, São Paulo); F. Female of M. pervagata n. sp. (Pico do Itapeva, Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238006/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
E, 6, 7)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="981F3699FFB4AB22A8C3FBE239203DE6" blockId="8.[151,1437,1070,1990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB4AB22A8C3FBE23C583D2F" bold="true" box="[151,359,1070,1095]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Adult: Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5FA04D1AFFB4AB22A93BFBE23F4C3D2E" box="[367,627,1070,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Moneuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitellina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB4AB22A93BFBE23F4C3D2E" box="[367,627,1070,1094]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Moneuptychia vitellina</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB4AB22AA2FFBE23F853D2F" bold="true" box="[635,698,1070,1095]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">n. sp.</emphasis>
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is similar to some species in the 
<taxonomicName id="5FA04D1AFFB4AB22AC61FBE2387C3D2E" box="[1077,1347,1070,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castrensis">
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB4AB22AC61FBE2387C3D2E" box="[1077,1347,1070,1094]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Euptychoides castrensis</emphasis>
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species complex. However, they are easily distinguished from the above species, and from all other known species of 
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<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB4AB22A8C3FBB93C083DE5" box="[151,311,1141,1165]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Moneuptychia</emphasis>
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, by the broad yellow outlining the ocelli on the ventral hind wing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="981F3699FFB4AB22A893FB553C423E7D" blockId="8.[151,1437,1070,1990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB4AB22A893FB553F253DDA" bold="true" box="[199,538,1177,1202]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Descriptions of adults: Male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="009B2A1CFFB4AB22AA7DFB553F473DD9" box="[553,632,1177,1202]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1723,1745]" captionTargetBox="[203,1375,508,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1398,486,1701]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Habitat and live adults of Moneuptychia spp. A. Open highland grassland (“ campo de altitude ”), Pico do Itapeva, Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo (habitat of M. montana n. sp., M. pervagata n. sp. and M. itapeva); B. Contact between grassland and altitude forest, Alto do Capivari, Campos do Jordão, São Paulo (habitat of M. montana n. sp., M. itapeva, M. pervagata n. sp. and M. soter); C. Trail inside altitude forest, Alto da Boa Vista, Campos do Jordão, São Paulo (habitat of M. vitellina n. sp. and M. soter); D. Male of M. montana n. sp. (Alto do Capivari, Campos do Jordão, São Paulo); E. Male of M. vitellina n. sp. (Alto da Boa Vista, Campos do Jordão, São Paulo); F. Female of M. pervagata n. sp. (Pico do Itapeva, Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238006/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
E, 6). Forewing length 
<quantity id="5F589B7CFFB4AB22AB29FB553EC83DD9" box="[893,1015,1177,1201]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" unit="mm" value="18.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="17.0">17–19 mm</quantity>
(n = 7); hind wing length 
<quantity id="5F589B7CFFB4AB22AD76FB5538A33DD9" box="[1314,1436,1177,1201]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="13.0">13–14 mm</quantity>
(n = 7). Eyes naked, entirely brown. Palpus length 2.0 times head height, beige, with long dark brown and white hairs. Antenna of males 
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in length, with 35 antennomeres extending to mid-costa; shaft rust brown, dorsally covered by dark brown scales, club with 12 antennomeres, not conspicuously developed. Male foreleg covered by long beige hairs. Wings with dorsal ground color brown with few markings, restricted to marginal and submarginal lines in both wings; forewing with no additional markings; hind wing with two large black ocelli outlined by an orange ring in CuA1-CuA2 and CuA2-2A. Forewing of males presenting a conspicuous callus on SC vein, close to distal end of swollen portion of vein. Ventral wings mostly brown; forewing crossed by two dark brown lines, first indistinct, extending from discal cell to 2A one third from base; second extending from costa to 2A at two thirds from wing base; a dark brown irregular submarginal line and a brown regular marginal line extending from costa to 2A; ocelli absent. 
<collectingCountry id="E0B77609FFB4AB22A931FA323CA23F7F" box="[357,413,1534,1559]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Hind</collectingCountry>
wing crossed by two dark brown nearly straight lines from costa to anal margin, first onethird from wing base, second two-thirds from it; second crossing line delimiting a lighter marginal area; a brown irregular submarginal line and a brown regular marginal line extending from costa to 2A; a series of five black ocelli outlined by a broad yellow ring can be found in M1–M2 (ocellus 1), M2–M3 (2), M3–CuA1 (3), CuA1–CuA2 (4) and CuA2–2A (5); ocelli 2 and 3 small; in some individuals ocellus 2 can be nearly absent, reduced to few yellow scales with one white scale in center; ocellus 2 usually double (when visible); ocelli 1, 4 and 5 larger than other; ocelli 1 and 4 with double white pupil. 
<collectingCountry id="E0B77609FFB4AB22AA00F9143FB33F99" box="[596,652,1752,1777]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Hind</collectingCountry>
wing outer margin slightly wavy. No conspicuous androconial scales or patches observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="981F3699FFB4AB22A893F8D33C0F3EAE" blockId="8.[151,1437,1070,1990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="009B2A1CFFB4AB22A92DF8D33C813E50" box="[377,446,1823,1848]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[354,1230,1307,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[340,1247,1297,1902]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Male genitalia of M. vitellina n. sp. A. lateral view; B. dorsal view; C. ventral view; D. aedeagus (lateral view); E. aedeagus (dorsal view). All morphological details following Fig. 4. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238011/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Saccus short and slender in ventral view; tegumen rounded; gnathos absent; appendix angularis extremely conspicuous projecting posteriorly as a long process; uncus elongated; valvae elongated, narrowing towards end, and with a single pointed process projecting internally (
<figureCitation id="009B2A1CFFB4AB22AC6CF8AA39B63E17" box="[1080,1161,1894,1919]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[354,1230,1307,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[340,1247,1297,1902]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Male genitalia of M. vitellina n. sp. A. lateral view; B. dorsal view; C. ventral view; D. aedeagus (lateral view); E. aedeagus (dorsal view). All morphological details following Fig. 4. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238011/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
B–C); aedeagus slightly curved upwards, with a conspicuous triangular projection in left near tip (
<figureCitation id="009B2A1CFFB4AB22AC7EF84639493ECB" box="[1066,1142,1930,1955]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[354,1230,1307,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[340,1247,1297,1902]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Male genitalia of M. vitellina n. sp. A. lateral view; B. dorsal view; C. ventral view; D. aedeagus (lateral view); E. aedeagus (dorsal view). All morphological details following Fig. 4. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238011/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
E); cornuti absent; juxta membranous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="CCDF6611FFB5AB23A8C3FB673C773D88" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238010/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="530" targetBox="[210,1368,212,1160]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="981F3699FFB5AB23A8C3FB673C773D88" blockId="9.[151,1437,1195,1248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="530">
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB5AB23A8C3FB673C2A3DA8" bold="true" box="[151,277,1195,1217]" pageId="9" pageNumber="530">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Holotype male (left) and allotype female (right) of 
<taxonomicName id="5FA04D1AFFB5AB23AB6CFB67391A3DA9" box="[824,1061,1195,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Moneuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="530" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitellina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB5AB23AB6CFB67391A3DA9" box="[824,1061,1195,1217]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="530">Moneuptychia vitellina</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB5AB23AC79FB6739563DA8" bold="true" box="[1069,1129,1195,1216]" pageId="9" pageNumber="530">n. sp.</emphasis>
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Dorsal above, ventral below. Scale bar = 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<paragraph id="981F3699FFB5AB23A8C3F848392C3ED1" blockId="9.[151,1436,1924,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="530">
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB5AB23A8C3F8483C2D3EF2" bold="true" box="[151,274,1924,1946]" pageId="9" pageNumber="530">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Male genitalia of 
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<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB5AB23A99FF8493F7F3EF2" box="[459,576,1924,1946]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="530">M. vitellina</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB5AB23AA12F8493F403EF2" bold="true" box="[582,639,1925,1946]" pageId="9" pageNumber="530">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
A. lateral view; B. dorsal view; C. ventral view; D. aedeagus (lateral view); E. aedeagus (dorsal view). All morphological details following Fig. 4. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="D0BA6512FFB6AB20A893FF5B39BF39BD" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="description">
<paragraph id="981F3699FFB6AB20A893FF5B39BF39BD" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB6AB20A893FF5B3C2139D8" bold="true" box="[199,286,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">Female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="009B2A1CFFB6AB20A97AFF5B3C4C39D8" box="[302,371,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1195,1217]" captionTargetBox="[210,1368,212,1160]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[188,1398,193,1173]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Holotype male (left) and allotype female (right) of Moneuptychia vitellina n. sp. Dorsal above, ventral below. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238010/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Forewing length 
<quantity id="5F589B7CFFB6AB20AA1DFF543FFD39C7" box="[585,706,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" unit="mm" value="19.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="19.0">19–20 mm</quantity>
(n = 5); hind wing length 
<quantity id="5F589B7CFFB6AB20ABB9FF5B395939C7" box="[1005,1126,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" unit="mm" value="16.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="15.0">15–18 mm</quantity>
(n = 5). Body entirely dark brown. General color and pattern very similar to that of males, with wings more rounded.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0BA6512FFB6AB20A893FF133EBF3B70" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="981F3699FFB6AB20A893FF133CC93828" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB6AB20A893FF133F263990" bold="true" box="[199,537,223,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">Remarks on color variation.</emphasis>
Variation on the dorsal wing surfaces is virtually absent. The ventral surface of both wings shows some variation in intensity of the yellow rings outlining the ocelli, and size of the small ocelli (as described above in both sexes).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="981F3699FFB6AB20A893FE803EBF3B70" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB6AB20A893FE803FB7380D" bold="true" box="[199,648,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">Habitat, behavior and natural history</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="5FA04D1AFFB6AB20AAC2FE803EA6380C" box="[662,921,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Moneuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitellina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB6AB20AAC2FE803EA6380C" box="[662,921,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">Moneuptychia vitellina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB6AB20ABF4FE803EE0380D" bold="true" box="[928,991,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B1E757F0FFB6AB20ABF4FE803EE0380D" box="[928,991,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
was observed in partially shaded areas, with open understory covered by grass (
<figureCitation id="009B2A1CFFB6AB20AA09FEA33F9E38E0" box="[605,673,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1723,1745]" captionTargetBox="[203,1375,508,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1398,486,1701]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Habitat and live adults of Moneuptychia spp. A. Open highland grassland (“ campo de altitude ”), Pico do Itapeva, Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo (habitat of M. montana n. sp., M. pervagata n. sp. and M. itapeva); B. Contact between grassland and altitude forest, Alto do Capivari, Campos do Jordão, São Paulo (habitat of M. montana n. sp., M. itapeva, M. pervagata n. sp. and M. soter); C. Trail inside altitude forest, Alto da Boa Vista, Campos do Jordão, São Paulo (habitat of M. vitellina n. sp. and M. soter); D. Male of M. montana n. sp. (Alto do Capivari, Campos do Jordão, São Paulo); E. Male of M. vitellina n. sp. (Alto da Boa Vista, Campos do Jordão, São Paulo); F. Female of M. pervagata n. sp. (Pico do Itapeva, Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238006/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C). Adults of both sexes were observed flying near the edges of the shaded areas, where males perched and chased other males, but usually avoiding open areas with direct sunlight. Adults were observed perching on leaves from 
<quantity id="5F589B7CFFB6AB20AA80FE743E5438A7" box="[724,875,439,464]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" unit="cm" value="30.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="10.0">10 to 50 cm</quantity>
above ground (
<figureCitation id="009B2A1CFFB6AB20AC7AFE7B394838B8" box="[1070,1143,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1723,1745]" captionTargetBox="[203,1375,508,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1398,486,1701]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Habitat and live adults of Moneuptychia spp. A. Open highland grassland (“ campo de altitude ”), Pico do Itapeva, Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo (habitat of M. montana n. sp., M. pervagata n. sp. and M. itapeva); B. Contact between grassland and altitude forest, Alto do Capivari, Campos do Jordão, São Paulo (habitat of M. montana n. sp., M. itapeva, M. pervagata n. sp. and M. soter); C. Trail inside altitude forest, Alto da Boa Vista, Campos do Jordão, São Paulo (habitat of M. vitellina n. sp. and M. soter); D. Male of M. montana n. sp. (Alto do Capivari, Campos do Jordão, São Paulo); E. Male of M. vitellina n. sp. (Alto da Boa Vista, Campos do Jordão, São Paulo); F. Female of M. pervagata n. sp. (Pico do Itapeva, Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238006/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
E). Males are apparently territorial, and were observed interacting with other males, when it was possible to hear a clicking noise when two or more males flew together. No courtship behavior was observed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0BA6512FFB6AB20A893FDE83CB33BEC" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="981F3699FFB6AB20A893FDE83CB33BEC" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB6AB20A893FDE83C663B55" bold="true" box="[199,345,548,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">Distribution</emphasis>
. The species is known from the Serra da Mantiqueira, in a narrow region extending from Campos do Jordão (São Paulo) to Itatiaia (Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro), and also from the Serra da Bocaina, in altitudes from 
<quantity id="5F589B7CFFB6AB20A880FDA03CB73BEC" box="[212,392,620,645]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.85" metricValueMin="1.55" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" unit="m" value="1700.0" valueMax="1850.0" valueMin="1550.0">
<date id="EC1E1059FFB6AB20A880FDA03C573BED" box="[212,360,620,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" value="1550" valueMax="1850">1550 to 1850</date>
m
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0BA6512FFB6AB20A893FD433C303CF4" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="981F3699FFB6AB20A893FD43390F3BA4" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB6AB20A893FD433C793BC0" bold="true" box="[199,326,655,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">Etymology</emphasis>
. The specific epithet is an adjective derived from the Latin (
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB6AB20ABACFD5C39763BC0" box="[1016,1097,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">vitellus</emphasis>
= egg yolk), and refers to the large amount of yellow outlining the ocelli on the ventral hind wing of both sexes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="981F3699FFB6AB20A893FD1B39F03A34" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB6AB20A893FD1B3C2C3B98" bold="true" box="[199,275,727,752]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">
<typeStatus id="471B883BFFB6AB20A893FD1B3C303B98" box="[199,271,727,752]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">Types</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="471B883BFFB6AB20A94FFD1B3CBC3B98" box="[283,387,727,752]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male. Deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (ZUEC), Campinas, São Paulo, 
<collectingCountry id="E0B77609FFB6AB20A9C9FD303CDA3A7D" box="[413,485,764,789]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. With the following labels separated by transverse bars: / 
<typeStatus id="471B883BFFB6AB20ACDCFD3039C33A7D" box="[1160,1276,764,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="holotype">Holotypus</typeStatus>
/ Alto da Boa Vista, Campos do Jordão, São Paulo: 
<collectingCountry id="E0B77609FFB6AB20AA13FCD33FB43A50" box="[583,651,799,824]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">Brazil</collectingCountry>
<date id="EC1E1059FFB6AB20AAC0FCEC3E253A50" box="[660,794,800,824]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" value="2014-02-03" valueMax="2014-02-04" valueMin="2014-02-03">3–4.II.2014</date>
, 1820m, 
<geoCoordinate id="FD94505EFFB6AB20ABD0FCD339363A50" box="[900,1033,799,824]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" precision="15" value="-22.712778">22º42’46”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="FD94505EFFB6AB20AC42FCD339AA3A50" box="[1046,1173,799,824]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" precision="15" value="-45.601387">45º36’5”W</geoCoordinate>
, B-882-CJABV—AVL Freitas leg. / 
<typeStatus id="471B883BFFB6AB20A97DFC883CA13A35" box="[297,414,836,861]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="holotype">Holotypus</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="5FA04D1AFFB6AB20A9F0FC883E453A35" authority="Freitas &amp; Barbosa" authorityName="Freitas &amp; Barbosa" box="[420,890,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Moneuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitellina">
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB6AB20A9F0FC883F973A34" box="[420,680,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">Moneuptychia vitellina</emphasis>
Freitas &amp; Barbosa
</taxonomicName>
det. 2014 / ZUEC LEP 8907 /
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="981F3699FFB6AB20A893FCAB3C293D78" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">
Allotype female. Deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (ZUEC), Campinas, São Paulo, 
<collectingCountry id="E0B77609FFB6AB20A9CAFC403CD93ACD" box="[414,486,908,933]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. With the following labels separated by transverse bars: / Allotypus/ Alto da Boa Vista, Campos do Jordão, São Paulo: 
<collectingCountry id="E0B77609FFB6AB20AA13FC633FB43AA0" box="[583,651,943,968]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">Brazil</collectingCountry>
<date id="EC1E1059FFB6AB20AAC0FC7C3E253AA0" box="[660,794,944,968]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" value="2014-02-03" valueMax="2014-02-04" valueMin="2014-02-03">3–4.II.2014</date>
, 1820m, 
<geoCoordinate id="FD94505EFFB6AB20ABD0FC6339363AA0" box="[900,1033,943,968]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" precision="15" value="-22.712778">22º42’46”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="FD94505EFFB6AB20AC42FC6339AA3AA0" box="[1046,1173,943,968]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" precision="15" value="-45.601387">45º36’5”W</geoCoordinate>
, B-882-CJABV—AVL Freitas leg. / Allotypus 
<taxonomicName id="5FA04D1AFFB6AB20A9FCFC183EB83A85" authority="Freitas &amp; Barbosa" authorityName="Freitas &amp; Barbosa" box="[424,903,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Moneuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitellina">
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB6AB20A9FCFC183F923A84" box="[424,685,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">Moneuptychia vitellina</emphasis>
Freitas &amp; Barbosa
</taxonomicName>
det. 2014 / DNA voucher YPH-0435 / ZUEC LEP 8908 /
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="981F3699FFB6AB20A893FBD03C303CF4" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB6AB20A893FBD03F1D3D5D" bold="true" box="[199,546,1052,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">
<typeStatus id="471B883BFFB6AB20A893FBD03C003D5D" box="[199,319,1052,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
(all from 
<collectingCountry id="E0B77609FFB6AB20A99BFBD03F253D5D" box="[463,538,1052,1077]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">Brazil</collectingCountry>
)
</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB6AB20AA6DFBD03F9E3D5D" bold="true" box="[569,673,1052,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">DZUP—</emphasis>
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB6AB20AAF5FBD13E7D3D5B" box="[673,834,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">Minas Gerais</emphasis>
: Itamonte, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, 
<quantity id="5F589B7CFFB6AB20AD63FBD038A73D5C" box="[1335,1432,1052,1077]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" unit="m" value="1850.0">1850 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="FD94505EFFB6AB20A8C3FB8C3C243D30" box="[151,283,1088,1112]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" precision="15" value="-22.330278">22º19’49”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="FD94505EFFB6AB20A97CFBF33C8A3D30" box="[296,437,1087,1112]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" precision="15" value="-44.731945">44º43’55”W</geoCoordinate>
, 6-10- 
<date id="EC1E1059FFB6AB20A9AFFBF33F463D30" box="[507,633,1087,1112]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" value="2011-03-01">
III-2011, 
<specimenCount id="8EA6FD10FFB6AB20AA3FFB8C3F463D30" box="[619,633,1088,1112]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="male">1</specimenCount>
</date>
male, O.-C. Mielke &amp; Dolibaina leg., DZ 26.534; 
<date id="EC1E1059FFB6AB20ACEBFB8C38043D30" box="[1215,1339,1088,1112]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" value="2010-02-17">17-II-2010</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="8EA6FD10FFB6AB20AD1CFB8C38A73D30" box="[1352,1432,1087,1112]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 30.661. Virgínia, Fazenda dos Campos, 
<quantity id="5F589B7CFFB6AB20ABE0FBA839353D14" box="[948,1034,1124,1149]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
, 13-15- 
<date id="EC1E1059FFB6AB20AC0FFBA839EF3D14" box="[1115,1232,1124,1149]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" value="2010-02-01">
II-2010, 
<specimenCount id="8EA6FD10FFB6AB20AC96FBA839EF3D14" box="[1218,1232,1124,1148]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="female">1</specimenCount>
</date>
female, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 30.662. IOC— 
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB6AB20AA7AFB443FEE3DF7" box="[558,721,1160,1183]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">Minas Gerais:</emphasis>
Virgínia, 
<quantity id="5F589B7CFFB6AB20AB17FB443EB93DC8" box="[835,902,1160,1184]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" unit="m" value="900.0">900m</quantity>
, 
<specimenCount id="8EA6FD10FFB6AB20ABC6FB443ED73DC8" box="[914,1000,1159,1184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="8EA6FD10FFB6AB20AC75FB4439B93DC8" box="[1057,1158,1159,1184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, 
<date id="EC1E1059FFB6AB20ACC6FB4438303DC8" box="[1170,1295,1160,1184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" value="1920-10-21">21-X-1920</date>
, 
<date id="EC1E1059FFB6AB20AD4FFB4B38A83DC8" box="[1307,1431,1159,1184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" value="1921-02-15">15-II-1921</date>
, 
<date id="EC1E1059FFB6AB20A8C3FB603C313DAC" box="[151,270,1196,1220]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" value="1921-03-04">4-III-1921</date>
, Coleção J.F. Zikán, Nº 28.544, Nº 28.541, Nº 28.557. 
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB6AB20AB20FB603EFC3DAD" bold="true" box="[884,963,1196,1221]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">MZUJ</emphasis>
— 
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB6AB20AB8BFB60396C3DAC" box="[991,1107,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">São Paulo</emphasis>
: Campos do Jordão, Serra da Mantiqueira, 
<quantity id="5F589B7CFFB6AB20A97BFB033CF13D80" box="[303,462,1231,1256]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.775" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.75" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" unit="m" value="1775.0" valueMax="1800.0" valueMin="1750.0">1750–1800 m</quantity>
, 
<specimenCount id="8EA6FD10FFB6AB20A988FB1C3F133D80" box="[476,556,1231,1256]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, 0 
<date id="EC1E1059FFB6AB20AA13FB1C3F8A3D80" box="[583,693,1232,1256]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" value="2014-02-04">4-II-2014</date>
, T. Pyrcz leg.; P. N. 
<taxonomicName id="5FA04D1AFFB6AB20ABF7FB0339753D80" authority="Serra" authorityName="Serra" box="[931,1098,1231,1256]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Bocaina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bocaina, Serra</taxonomicName>
da Bocaina, 
<quantity id="5F589B7CFFB6AB20ACB6FB0338BF3D80" box="[1250,1408,1231,1256]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.675" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.65" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" unit="m" value="1675.0" valueMax="1700.0" valueMin="1650.0">1650–1700 m</quantity>
, 
<specimenCount id="8EA6FD10FFB6AB20ADDAFB1C3DD93C65" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, 
<date id="EC1E1059FFB6AB20A8A6FB383C513C64" box="[242,366,1268,1292]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" value="2014-02-14">14-II-2014</date>
, T. Pyrcz leg. 
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB6AB20AA44FB383F613C65" bold="true" box="[528,606,1268,1293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">ZUEC</emphasis>
— 
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB6AB20AA2DFB383FD13C64" box="[633,750,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">São Paulo</emphasis>
: Alto da Boa Vista, Campos do Jordão, 
<quantity id="5F589B7CFFB6AB20ACE3FB3838383C64" box="[1207,1287,1268,1292]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8199999999999998" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" unit="m" value="1820.0">1820m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="FD94505EFFB6AB20AD47FB3838A73C65" box="[1299,1432,1268,1293]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" precision="15" value="-22.712778">22º42’46”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="FD94505EFFB6AB20A8C3FADB3C293C58" box="[151,278,1303,1328]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" precision="15" value="-45.601387">45º36’5”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="EC1E1059FFB6AB20A972FAD43C933C58" box="[294,428,1304,1328]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" value="2014-02-03" valueMax="2014-02-04" valueMin="2014-02-03">3–4.II.2014</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="8EA6FD10FFB6AB20A9E8FAD43F313C58" box="[444,526,1303,1328]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, AVL Freitas leg., ZUEC LEP 8909. Alto da Boa Vista, Campos do Jordão, 
<quantity id="5F589B7CFFB6AB20A8C3FAF03DD83C3C" box="[151,231,1340,1364]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8199999999999998" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" unit="m" value="1820.0">1820m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="FD94505EFFB6AB20A8ACFAF03C423C3D" box="[248,381,1340,1365]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" precision="15" value="-22.712778">22º42’46”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="FD94505EFFB6AB20A9D9FAF03F333C3D" box="[397,524,1340,1365]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" precision="15" value="-45.601387">45º36’5”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="EC1E1059FFB6AB20AA49FAF03F9D3C3C" box="[541,674,1340,1364]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" value="2014-02-03" valueMax="2014-02-04" valueMin="2014-02-03">3–4.II.2014</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="8EA6FD10FFB6AB20AAE7FAF03E313C3D" box="[691,782,1340,1365]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
(DNA vouchers YPH-0451, YPH-0452, YPH-0481), 
<specimenCount id="8EA6FD10FFB6AB20ADDAFAF03DDC3C10" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(DNA voucher YPH-0450), AVL Freitas leg., ZUEC LEP 8910, ZUEC LEP 8911, ZUEC LEP 9166, ZUEC LEP 8912.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0BA6512FFB6AB20A893FA6B3F6C3F60" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="981F3699FFB6AB20A893FA6B3F6C3F60" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB6AB20A893FA6B3C8C3CA8" bold="true" box="[199,435,1447,1472]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">Additional material</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB6AB20A995FA6B3F5E3CA8" bold="true" box="[449,609,1447,1472]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">ZUEC-AVLF</emphasis>
— 
<emphasis id="AAD4EA8BFFB6AB20AA29FA643FCE3CA8" box="[637,753,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">São Paulo</emphasis>
: Estrada Municipal do Fojo, Campos do Jordão, 
<date id="EC1E1059FFB6AB20AD48FA6438A73CA8" box="[1308,1432,1448,1472]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" value="1998-02-24">24-II-1998</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="8EA6FD10FFB6AB20A8C3FA003DDB3C8D" box="[151,228,1484,1509]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(genitalia prepared), 
<specimenCount id="8EA6FD10FFB6AB20A98DFA003F7F3C8D" box="[473,576,1484,1509]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
. Alto da Boa Vista, Campos do Jordão, 
<date id="EC1E1059FFB6AB20AC5EFA0039B93C8C" box="[1034,1158,1484,1508]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" value="1997-10-11">11-X-1997</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="8EA6FD10FFB6AB20ACC7FA0039C63C8D" box="[1171,1273,1484,1509]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, 
<date id="EC1E1059FFB6AB20AD51FA0038BE3C8C" box="[1285,1409,1484,1508]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" value="1998-02-21">21-II-1998</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="8EA6FD10FFB6AB20ADDAFA003DD83F60" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
; 3-4- 
<date id="EC1E1059FFB6AB20A948FA3C3CAF3F60" box="[284,400,1520,1544]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" value="2014-02-01">
II-2014, 
<specimenCount id="8EA6FD10FFB6AB20A9D6FA3C3CAF3F60" box="[386,400,1520,1544]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="male">1</specimenCount>
</date>
male; 
<collectionCode id="FEB1AE5CFFB6AB20A989FA3C3F1D3F60" box="[477,546,1520,1544]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">AVLF</collectionCode>
leg.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>