treatments-xml/data/8B/04/87/8B0487C7FFE2FD20FF6AFCA0A614FECF.xml

<document id="F300BBBEEF6D05806359C17E70D3CE3A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3686.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="88eb1359-8646-4d97-968a-866e0c2f445a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="217507" ID-ZooBank="9F87DAC0-E2BE-4282-A4F7-86258B0C8668" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460646944115" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Iori, Fabiano Vidoi, Marinho, Thiago Da Silva, Carvalho, Ismar De Souza &amp; Campos, Antonio Celso De Arruda" docDate="2013" docId="8B0487C7FFE2FD20FF6AFCA0A614FECF" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03686p200.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3686 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="montealtensis Andrade &amp; Bertini 2008, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="196" masterDocId="773DFFBFFFE1FD2EFFFDFFC6A763FFD3" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic reappraisal of the sphagesaurid crocodyliform Sphagesaurus montealtensis from the Late Cretaceous Adamantina Formation of São Paulo State, Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="200" masterPageNumber="183" pageNumber="186" updateTime="1698337430082" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="E4E4625C8EC1CA8AC77574893E838151">Taxonomic reappraisal of the sphagesaurid crocodyliform Sphagesaurus montealtensis from the Late Cretaceous Adamantina Formation of São Paulo State, Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="96022B172329D6B7C82101CF32E88A76">Iori, Fabiano Vidoi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2A9606B36B6265803D9627071440E154">Marinho, Thiago Da Silva</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="65F3454F5705DD785AE86E8191004DFF">Carvalho, Ismar De Souza</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="99E5322475B31765C88DD827F374757F">Campos, Antonio Celso De Arruda</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="8B0487C7FFE2FD20FF6AFCA0A614FECF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6152134" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119572215" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6152134" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8B0487C7FFE2FD20FF6AFCA0A614FECF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8B0487C7FFE2FD20FF6AFCA0A614FECF" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="196" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">
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<paragraph id="031236D1FFE2FD2DFF6AFCA0A4A3FC53" blockId="3.[151,960,870,896]" box="[151,960,870,896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">
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<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE2FD2DFF6AFCA0A4A3FC53" bold="true" box="[151,960,870,896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE2FD2DFF6AFCA0A697FC53" bold="true" box="[151,500,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE2FD2DFEB3FCA0A697FC53" authority="Andrade &amp; Bertini, 2008" authorityName="Andrade &amp; Bertini" authorityYear="2008" box="[334,500,870,896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="673C4B20FFE2FD2DFE06FCA0A450FC53" author="Andrade" box="[507,819,870,896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" refString="Andrade, M. B. &amp; Bertini, R. J. (2008) A new Sphagesaurus (Mesoeucrocodylia: Notosuchia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Monte Alto City (Bauru Basin, Brazil), and a revision of the Sphagesauridae. Historical Biology, 20, 101 - 136. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912960701642949" type="journal article" year="2008">Andrade &amp; Bertini, 2008</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFE2FD2DFCC4FCA0A4A3FC53" box="[825,960,870,896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE2FD2DFF6AFC6AA668FC10" bold="true" box="[151,267,940,963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">Basionym:</emphasis>
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Sphagesaurus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE2FD2DFE58FC6BA553FC10" authority="Andrade &amp; Bertini, 2008" authorityName="Andrade &amp; Bertini" authorityYear="2008" box="[421,560,941,963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" rank="species" species="montealtensis">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="673C4B20FFE2FD2DFDCBFC6BA454FC11" author="Andrade" box="[566,823,941,963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" refString="Andrade, M. B. &amp; Bertini, R. J. (2008) A new Sphagesaurus (Mesoeucrocodylia: Notosuchia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Monte Alto City (Bauru Basin, Brazil), and a revision of the Sphagesauridae. Historical Biology, 20, 101 - 136. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912960701642949" type="journal article" year="2008">Andrade &amp; Bertini, 2008</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="031236D1FFE2FD2DFF6AFC36A429FBFF" blockId="3.[151,1437,1007,1896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">
<typeStatus id="DC168873FFE2FD2DFF6AFC36A667FBDB" box="[151,260,1008,1032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE2FD2DFF6AFC36A667FBDB" bold="true" box="[151,260,1008,1032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode id="65BCAE14FFE2FD2DFEEFFC36A604FBDB" box="[274,359,1008,1032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">MPMA</collectionCode>
15-0001/90, the majority of the cranium and the anterior portion of the mandible (
<figureCitation id="9B962A54FFE2FD2DFAFBFC29A236FBD4" box="[1286,1365,1007,1031]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,249,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[189,1402,403,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[171,1415,391,1891]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Holotype of Caipirasuchus montealtensis (Andrade &amp; Bertini, 2008) comb. nov. (MPMA 15 - 0001 / 90). Cranium and mandible in dorsal (A and C) and ventral (B and D) views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217512/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9B962A54FFE2FD2DFA9CFC29A212FBD4" box="[1377,1393,1007,1031]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,249,1808,1831]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,197,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1787]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Schematic diagram of the holotype of Caipirasuchus montealtensis (Andrade &amp; Bertini, 2008) comb. nov (MPMA 15 - 0001 / 90). Cranium and mandible in dorsal (A and C) and ventral (B and D) views. Legend: a, alveolus; ang, angular; ap, anterior palpebral; d, dentary; ect, ectopterygoid; en, external nostril; f, frontal; inf, incisive foramen; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; orb, orbit; p, parietal; pal, palatine; pf, prefrontal; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, posterior palpebral; pt, pterygoid; ptc, pterygoid chamber; q, quadrate; sa, surangular; sof, suborbital fenestra; sp, splenial; sq, squamosal; stf, supratemporal fenestra." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217513/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9B962A54FFE2FD2DFA80FC29A2EEFBD4" box="[1405,1421,1007,1031]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,249,730,753]" captionTargetBox="[168,1426,199,706]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,709]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Fossil and schematic draw of the holotype of Caipirasuchus montealtensis (Andrade &amp; Bertini, 2008) comb. nov. (MPMA 15 - 0001 / 90). Cranium (A and B) and mandible (C and D) in lateral views. Legend: af, antorbital fenestra; ang, angular; d, dentary; ect, ectopterygoid; en, external nostril; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; ltf, laterotemporal fenestra; m, maxilla; mf, mandibular fenestra; n, nasal; orb, orbit; p, parietal; pf, prefrontal; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, posterior palpebral; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sa, surangular; sq, squamosal; stf, supratemporal fenestra." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217514/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">7</figureCitation>
), from the municipality of Monte Alto, São Paulo State, 
<collectingCountry id="7BBA7641FFE2FD2DFD00FBD2A426FBFF" box="[765,837,1044,1068]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="031236D1FFE2FD2DFF3AFBF1A39BFBA7" blockId="3.[151,1437,1007,1896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE2FD2DFF3AFBF1A6D0FB83" bold="true" box="[199,435,1079,1104]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">Referred specimen.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="65BCAE14FFE2FD2DFE43FBFEA570FB83" box="[446,531,1080,1104]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">MPMA</collectionCode>
68-0003/12, a nearly complete cranium and mandible (
<figureCitation id="9B962A54FFE2FD2DFB5BFBF1A39AFB9C" box="[1190,1273,1079,1103]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,249,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[188,1409,200,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1924]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. The referred specimen of Caipirasuchus montealtensis (Andrade &amp; Bertini, 2008) comb. nov. (MPMA 68 - 0003 / 12). Cranium and mandible in dorsal (A and C) and ventral (B and D) views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217515/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9B962A54FFE2FD2DFAF7FBF1A279FB9C" box="[1290,1306,1079,1103]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[151,249,1825,1848]" captionTargetBox="[191,1401,203,1786]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[177,1413,193,1791]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. Schematic diagram of the referred specimen of Caipirasuchus montealtensis (Andrade &amp; Bertini, 2008) comb. nov (MPMA 68 - 0003 / 12). Cranium and mandible in dorsal (A and C) and ventral (B and D) views. Legend: a, alveolus; af, antorbital fenestra; ang, angular; art, articular; bo, basioccipital; d, dentary; ect, ectopterygoid; en, external nostril; f, frontal; inf, incisive foramen; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; ltf, laterotemporal fenestra; m, maxilla; n, nasal; oc, occipital condyle; orb, orbit; p, parietal; pal, palatine; pm, premaxilla; pf, prefrontal; po, postorbital; pt, pterygoid; ptc, pterygoid chamber; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sa, surangular; so, supraoccipital; sof, suborbital fenestra; sp, splenial; sq, squamosal; stf, supratemporal fenestra." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217516/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">9</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9B962A54FFE2FD2DFAD6FBF1A22BFB9C" box="[1323,1352,1079,1103]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="12.[151,249,738,761]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,202,714]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,717]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 10. Fossil and schematic diagram of the referred specimen of Caipirasuchus montealtensis (Andrade &amp; Bertini, 2008) comb. nov. (MPMA 68 - 0003 / 12). Cranium (A and B) and mandible (C and D) in lateral views. Legend: af, antorbital fenestra; ang, angular; d, dentary; ect, ectopterygoid; en, external nostril; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; ltf, laterotemporal fenestra; m, maxilla; mf, mandibular fenestra; n, nasal; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sa, surangular; sq, squamosal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217517/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">10</figureCitation>
) and a posterior portion of the post-cranium, discovered in the municipality of Catanduva, São Paulo State.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4BB7655AFFE2FD2DFF3AFBB9A67AFB0C" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="031236D1FFE2FD2DFF3AFBB9A67AFB0C" blockId="3.[151,1437,1007,1896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE2FD2DFF3AFBB9A622FB4B" bold="true" box="[199,321,1151,1176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This species is diagnosed by the autapomorphic presence of a chamber that opens on the mesoventral wall of the pterygoids as a suboval opening. The antorbital fenestrae in this species are small and subcircular.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4BB7655AFFE2FD2DFF3AFB2AA454FA47" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="031236D1FFE2FD2DFF3AFB2AA454FA47" blockId="3.[151,1437,1007,1896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE2FD2DFF3AFB2AA658FAD7" bold="true" box="[199,315,1260,1284]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">Remarks.</emphasis>
The first studies of MPMA 15-0001/90 considered the general aspect of the cranium, and referred the specimen to the 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE2FD2DFE7CFAC9A526FAF4" box="[385,581,1295,1319]" class="Reptilia" family="Uruguaysuchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Uruguaysuchidae</taxonomicName>
(Bertini 1993; 
<bibRefCitation id="673C4B20FFE2FD2DFD05FAC9A304FAF4" author="Bertini" box="[760,1127,1295,1319]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" refString="Bertini, R. J. &amp; Arruda-Campos, A. C. (1995) Ocorrencia de Notosuchia (Crocodylomorpha) no Cretaceo Superior continental da Bacia do Parana. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE PALEONTOLOGIA, 14, Uberaba, 1995. Atas, Uberaba, SPB, 20 - 21." type="journal article" year="1995">Bertini &amp; Arruda-Campos 1995</bibRefCitation>
; Bertini &amp; Carvalho 1999; 
<bibRefCitation id="673C4B20FFE2FD2DFF6AFAF2A6A5FA9F" author="Andrade" box="[151,454,1332,1356]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" refString="Andrade, M. B. &amp; Bertini, R. J. (2003) Morfologias cranianas e dentaria de um novo crocodilomorfo do Cretaceo Superior brasileiro (Notosuchia, Uruguaysuchidae) e comentarios sobre seus possiveis habitos alimentares. In: Congresso Brasileiro de PALEONTOLOGIA, 18, Brasilia, 2003. Livro de Resumos, Brasilia, UNB, pp. 43 - 44." type="journal article" year="2003">Andrade &amp; Bertini 2003</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="673C4B20FFE2FD2DFE1DFAF2A589FA9F" box="[480,746,1332,1356]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" refString="Andrade, M. B., Bertini, R. J. &amp; Pinheiro, A. E. P. (2006) Observations on the palate and choanae structures in Mesoeucrocodylia (Archosauria, Crocodylomorpha): phylogenetic implications. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 9, 323 - 332. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4072 / rbp. 2006.3.07" type="journal article">
Andrade 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE2FD2DFDADFAF3A5F3FA9F" box="[592,656,1332,1356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">et al.</emphasis>
(2006)
</bibRefCitation>
conducted a study of the choana, and observed several sphagesaurid features. 
<bibRefCitation id="673C4B20FFE2FD2DFE66FA9EA5A6FAA3" author="Andrade" box="[411,709,1368,1392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" refString="Andrade, M. B. &amp; Bertini, R. J. (2008) A new Sphagesaurus (Mesoeucrocodylia: Notosuchia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Monte Alto City (Bauru Basin, Brazil), and a revision of the Sphagesauridae. Historical Biology, 20, 101 - 136. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912960701642949" type="journal article" year="2008">Andrade &amp; Bertini (2008)</bibRefCitation>
described the new species, 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE2FD2DFBFAFA9EA224FAA3" box="[1031,1351,1368,1392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">
Sphagesaurus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE2FD2DFB50FA9EA224FAA3" box="[1197,1351,1368,1392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" rank="species" species="montealtensis">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, which showed several synapomorphies with 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE2FD2DFDBCFABAA454FA47" box="[577,823,1404,1428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">Sphagesaurus huenei.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4BB7655AFFE2FD22FF3AFA59A3CAFBF7" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="195" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" type="description">
<paragraph id="031236D1FFE2FD2DFF3AFA59A52CF8BB" blockId="3.[151,1437,1007,1896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE2FD2DFF3AFA59A63AFA6B" bold="true" box="[199,345,1439,1464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">Description.</emphasis>
The unique teeth DGM 332-R and DGM 333-R provided the necessary data for the definition of a new genus and species and the diagnosis for the proposal of a new family (
<bibRefCitation id="673C4B20FFE2FD2DFBDDFA02A3CBFA0F" author="Price" box="[1056,1192,1476,1500]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" refString="Price, L. I. (1950) On a new Crocodilia, Sphagesaurus from the Cretaceous of State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 22, 77 - 83." type="journal article" year="1950">Price, 1950</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="673C4B20FFE2FD2DFB4AFA02A220FA0F" author="Kuhn" box="[1207,1347,1476,1500]" pageId="3" pageNumber="186" refString="Kuhn, O. (1968) Die Vorzeitlichen Krokodile. Verlag Oeben, Krailing, Munchen, 124 pp." type="book" year="1968">Kuhn; 1968</bibRefCitation>
). These “sphagesauriform” teeth (teeth with short triangular crowns covered by a relatively thick enamel layer, with a denticulate keel and longitudinal striae) are unique enough such that a diagnosis can still be applied to all family members; however, an emended diagnosis for the family is adopted here, based on the proposal by Iori 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE2FD2DFA9DF9F7A2FFF99B" box="[1376,1436,1584,1608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="186">et al.</emphasis>
(2011), which considers a dental pattern observed in all species of the group in addition to the presence of sphagesauriform teeth. This pattern consists of the following: upper dentition where only the premaxillary teeth have a circular cross-section of the crown, while all teeth are sphagesauriform in the maxilla; for a premaxilla with at least two teeth, one hypertrophied caniniform tooth and one post-caniniform tooth with a conical crown and circular cross-section are required; a maxilla with six sphagesauriform, obliquely implanted teeth, except for the most posterior tooth which may present its long axis oriented perpendicularly to the sagittal axis; and dentary with six sphagesauriform posterior teeth, all obliquely implanted, except for the first tooth of the series, which may have its long axis anteroposteriorly oriented.
</paragraph>
<caption id="57D26659FFE5FD2AFF6AF86BA6F2F831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217509/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" targetBox="[189,1406,209,1927]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="031236D1FFE5FD2AFF6AF86BA6F2F831" blockId="4.[151,1435,1965,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE5FD2AFF6AF86BA66DF810" bold="true" box="[151,270,1965,1988]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
. Holotype of 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE5FD2AFE59F868A5D4F817" box="[420,695,1966,1988]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE5FD2AFDBFF868A5D4F817" box="[578,695,1966,1988]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="paulistanus">paulistanus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(MPMA 67-0001/00) Cranium and mandible in dorsal (
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE5FD2AFAF7F868A27FF810" bold="true" box="[1290,1308,1966,1987]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">A</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE5FD2AFAAEF86BA206F817" bold="true" box="[1363,1381,1965,1988]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">C</emphasis>
) and ventral (
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE5FD2AFF11F80BA79EF831" bold="true" box="[236,253,1997,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">B</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE5FD2AFED3F80BA623F831" bold="true" box="[302,320,1997,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">D</emphasis>
) views.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="57D26659FFE4FD2BFF6AF887A445F822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217510/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" targetBox="[200,1385,200,1805]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="031236D1FFE4FD2BFF6AF887A445F822" blockId="5.[151,1436,1857,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFF6AF887A668F884" bold="true" box="[151,267,1857,1880]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
. Schematic diagram of the holotype of 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFD63F884A4CEF88B" box="[670,941,1858,1880]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE4FD2BFCC5F884A4CEF88B" box="[824,941,1858,1880]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" rank="species" species="paulistanus">paulistanus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(MPMA 67-0001/00). Cranium and mandible in dorsal (
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFF1BF8A7A79BF8A5" bold="true" box="[230,248,1889,1910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">A</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFECDF8A6A621F8A4" bold="true" box="[304,322,1888,1911]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">C</emphasis>
) and ventral (
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFE27F8A7A688F8A5" bold="true" box="[474,491,1889,1910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">B</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFDDFF8A7A557F8A5" bold="true" box="[546,564,1889,1910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">D</emphasis>
) views. Legend: 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFD10F8A7A599F8A5" bold="true" box="[749,762,1889,1910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">a</emphasis>
, alveolus; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFC93F8A7A4F6F8A5" bold="true" box="[878,917,1889,1910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">ang</emphasis>
, angular; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFBFFF8A7A37EF8A5" bold="true" box="[1026,1053,1889,1910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">ap</emphasis>
, anterior palpebral; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFB0EF8A7A270F8A5" bold="true" box="[1267,1299,1889,1910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">art</emphasis>
, articular; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFA7AF8A7A2F6F8A5" bold="true" box="[1415,1429,1889,1910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">d</emphasis>
, dentary; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFF12F8B9A66DF847" bold="true" box="[239,270,1919,1940]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">ect</emphasis>
, ectopterygoid; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFE4FF8B9A6A8F847" bold="true" box="[434,459,1919,1940]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">en</emphasis>
, external nostril; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFD81F8B8A5E7F846" bold="true" box="[636,644,1918,1941]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">f</emphasis>
, frontal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFD1CF8B8A59DF846" bold="true" box="[737,766,1918,1941]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">inf</emphasis>
, incisive foramen; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFC3CF8B8A4AAF846" bold="true" box="[961,969,1918,1941]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">j</emphasis>
, jugal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFBE9F8B9A379F847" bold="true" box="[1044,1050,1919,1940]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">l</emphasis>
, lacrimal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFB7AF8B8A3FCF846" bold="true" box="[1159,1183,1918,1941]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">ltf</emphasis>
, laterotemporal fenestra; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFF6AF858A7CFF860" bold="true" box="[151,172,1950,1971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">m</emphasis>
, maxilla; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFEE4F858A644F860" bold="true" box="[281,295,1950,1971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">n</emphasis>
, nasal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFE81F858A6E9F860" bold="true" box="[380,394,1950,1971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">p</emphasis>
, parietal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFE05F858A579F860" bold="true" box="[504,538,1950,1971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">pal</emphasis>
, palatine; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFD76F85BA5C2F867" bold="true" box="[651,673,1949,1972]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">pf</emphasis>
, prefrontal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFCDBF858A42AF860" bold="true" box="[806,841,1950,1971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">pm</emphasis>
, premaxilla; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFC2AF858A492F860" bold="true" box="[983,1009,1950,1971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">po</emphasis>
, postorbital; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFB82F858A3F8F860" bold="true" box="[1151,1179,1950,1971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">pp</emphasis>
, posterior palpebral; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFA82F858A2F6F860" bold="true" box="[1407,1429,1950,1971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">pt</emphasis>
, pterygoid; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFEF1F87BA679F801" bold="true" box="[268,282,1981,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">q</emphasis>
, quadrate; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFE65F87AA6CDF800" bold="true" box="[408,430,1980,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">qj</emphasis>
, quadratojugal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFD9DF87BA515F801" bold="true" box="[608,630,1981,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">sa</emphasis>
, surangular; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFCF5F87BA47DF801" bold="true" box="[776,798,1981,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">so</emphasis>
, supraoccipital; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFC29F87AA490F800" bold="true" box="[980,1011,1980,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">sof</emphasis>
, suborbital fenestra; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFB26F87BA390F801" bold="true" box="[1243,1267,1981,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">sp</emphasis>
, splenial; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFA94F87AA2F5F800" bold="true" box="[1385,1430,1980,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">spof</emphasis>
, supraorbital fenestra; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFE89F81DA6EFF823" bold="true" box="[372,396,2011,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">sq</emphasis>
, squamosal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE4FD2BFDEDF81CA548F822" bold="true" box="[528,555,2010,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">stf</emphasis>
, supratemporal fenestra.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="57D26659FFE7FD28FF6AFD15A41DFCB7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217511/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" targetBox="[163,1426,203,699]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="031236D1FFE7FD28FF6AFD15A41DFCB7" blockId="6.[151,1436,723,869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FF6AFD15A668FD3A" bold="true" box="[151,267,723,746]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
. Fossil and schematic diagram of the holotype of 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FCFDFD12A36DFD39" box="[768,1038,724,746]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE7FD28FC64FD12A36DFD39" box="[921,1038,724,746]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" rank="species" species="paulistanus">paulistanus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(MPMA 67-0001/00). Cranium (
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FAA2FD12A212FD3A" bold="true" box="[1375,1393,724,745]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">A</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FF6AFD35A7CBFCDB" bold="true" box="[151,168,755,776]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">B</emphasis>
) and mandible (
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FEB1FD34A63DFCDA" bold="true" box="[332,350,754,777]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">C</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FE73FD35A6C3FCDB" bold="true" box="[398,416,755,776]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">D</emphasis>
) in lateral views. Legend: 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FD50FD34A5A1FCDA" bold="true" box="[685,706,754,777]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">af</emphasis>
, antorbital fenestra; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FC6CFD35A4DAFCDB" bold="true" box="[913,953,755,776]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">ang</emphasis>
, angular; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FBE3FD35A35AFCDB" bold="true" box="[1054,1081,755,776]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">ap</emphasis>
, anterior palpebral; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FAF9FD35A271FCDB" bold="true" box="[1284,1298,755,776]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">d</emphasis>
, dentary; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FA8AFD35A2F5FCDB" bold="true" box="[1399,1430,755,776]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">ect</emphasis>
, ectopterygoid; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FECEFCD4A62FFCF4" bold="true" box="[307,332,786,807]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">en</emphasis>
, external nostril; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FDF6FCD7A570FCFB" bold="true" box="[523,531,785,808]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">f</emphasis>
, frontal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FD85FCD7A5E3FCFB" bold="true" box="[632,640,785,808]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">j</emphasis>
, jugal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FD28FCD4A5BFFCF4" bold="true" box="[725,732,786,807]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">l</emphasis>
, lacrimal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FCADFCD7A40BFCFB" bold="true" box="[848,872,785,808]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">ltf</emphasis>
, laterotemporal fenestra; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FB85FCD4A3EEFCF4" bold="true" box="[1144,1165,786,807]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">m</emphasis>
, maxilla; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FB06FCD7A27BFCFB" bold="true" box="[1275,1304,785,808]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">mf</emphasis>
, mandibular fenestra; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FF07FCF6A66BFC96" bold="true" box="[250,264,816,837]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">n</emphasis>
, nasal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FE9CFCF6A6E4FC96" bold="true" box="[353,391,816,837]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">orb</emphasis>
, orbit; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FE26FCF6A68AFC96" bold="true" box="[475,489,816,837]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">p</emphasis>
, parietal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FDA7FCE9A513FC95" bold="true" box="[602,624,815,838]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">pf</emphasis>
, prefrontal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FD04FCF6A47FFC96" bold="true" box="[761,796,816,837]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">pm</emphasis>
, premaxilla; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FC50FCF6A4ABFC96" bold="true" box="[941,968,816,837]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">po</emphasis>
, postorbital; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FBA4FCF6A313FC96" bold="true" box="[1113,1136,816,837]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">pt</emphasis>
, pterygoid; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FB08FCF6A260FC96" bold="true" box="[1269,1283,816,837]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">q</emphasis>
, quadrate; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FA82FCE9A2F6FC95" bold="true" box="[1407,1429,815,838]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">qj</emphasis>
, quadratojugal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FED2FC89A626FCB7" bold="true" box="[303,325,847,868]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">sa</emphasis>
, surangular; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FE36FC89A680FCB7" bold="true" box="[459,483,847,868]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">sq</emphasis>
, squamosal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FD9AFC88A5E1FCB6" bold="true" box="[615,642,846,869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">stf</emphasis>
, supratemporal fenestra.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="031236D1FFE7FD28FF3AFC57A387FB8E" blockId="6.[151,1437,913,2017]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">
The variation in the teeth number in sphagesaurids occurs in the pre-caniniform teeth of the upper dentition and the anterior teeth of the lower dentition. 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FD8DFC73A469FC1E" box="[624,778,949,973]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Sphagesaurus</emphasis>
shows an edentulous region between the caniniforms, as indicated for 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FED4FC1FA578FC22" box="[297,539,985,1009]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Caryonosuchus pricei</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="673C4B20FFE7FD28FDD4FC1FA5F2FC22" author="Pol" box="[553,657,985,1009]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" refString="Pol D. (2003) New remains of Sphagesaurus huenei (Crocodylomorpha: Mesoeucrocodylia) from the late Cretaceous of Brazil. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 23, 817 - 831. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1671 / A 1015 - 7" type="journal article" year="2003">Pol 2003</bibRefCitation>
; Kellner 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FD08FC1CA44EFC22" box="[757,813,985,1009]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">et al.</emphasis>
2011). 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE7FD28FC7CFC1FA358FC22" box="[897,1083,985,1009]" class="Sauropsida" family="Sphagesauridae" genus="Armadillosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesoeucrocodylia" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FC7CFC1FA358FC22" box="[897,1083,985,1009]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Armadillosuchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has one pre-caniniform tooth in each premaxilla (Iori 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FE75FC38A6A2FBC6" box="[392,449,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">et al.</emphasis>
2011), while 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FDA1FC3BA59FFBC6" box="[604,764,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Caipirasuchus</emphasis>
exhibits two. In the lower dentition, 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FB60FC3BA25EFBC6" box="[1181,1341,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Caipirasuchus</emphasis>
exhibits four anterior teeth (pre-sphagesauriform) in each dentary, while 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FCA4FBE7A490FBEA" box="[857,1011,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Sphagesaurus</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FBFCFBE7A3CFFBEA" box="[1025,1196,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Caryonosuchus</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE7FD28FB1FFBE7A2FFFBEA" box="[1250,1436,1057,1081]" class="Sauropsida" family="Sphagesauridae" genus="Armadillosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesoeucrocodylia" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FB1FFBE7A2FFFBEA" box="[1250,1436,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Armadillosuchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
display three teeth (
<bibRefCitation id="673C4B20FFE7FD28FE90FB83A6B7FB8E" author="Pol" box="[365,468,1093,1117]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" refString="Pol D. (2003) New remains of Sphagesaurus huenei (Crocodylomorpha: Mesoeucrocodylia) from the late Cretaceous of Brazil. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 23, 817 - 831. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1671 / A 1015 - 7" type="journal article" year="2003">Pol 2003</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="673C4B20FFE7FD28FE22FB83A466FB8E" author="Marinho" box="[479,773,1093,1117]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" refString="Marinho, T. S. &amp; Carvalho, I. S. (2009) An armadillo-like sphagesaurid crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 27, 36 - 41. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jsames. 2008.11.005" type="journal article" year="2009">Marinho &amp; Carvalho 2009</bibRefCitation>
, Iori &amp; Carvalho 2011, Kellner 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FB9CFB80A3FBFB8E" box="[1121,1176,1093,1117]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">et al.</emphasis>
2011).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="031236D1FFE7FD28FF3AFBACA45FF832" blockId="6.[151,1437,913,2017]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">
In the 
<typeStatus id="DC168873FFE7FD28FEECFBAFA610FB52" box="[273,371,1129,1153]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FE67FBAFA5BCFB52" box="[410,735,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE7FD28FDB8FBAFA5BCFB52" box="[581,735,1129,1153]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFE7FD28FD15FBAFA406FB52" box="[744,869,1129,1153]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MPMA 15-0001/90), the most anterior region of the rostrum is broken. 
<bibRefCitation id="673C4B20FFE7FD28FE69FB4BA5D4FB76" author="Andrade" box="[404,695,1165,1189]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" refString="Andrade, M. B. &amp; Bertini, R. J. (2008) A new Sphagesaurus (Mesoeucrocodylia: Notosuchia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Monte Alto City (Bauru Basin, Brazil), and a revision of the Sphagesauridae. Historical Biology, 20, 101 - 136. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912960701642949" type="journal article" year="2008">Andrade &amp; Bertini (2008)</bibRefCitation>
stated that the lost pre-maxillary region below the external nostril would be too shallow to support more teeth and posited an edentulous region between the caniniforms for the specimen, as is observed in 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FE29FB13A5A7FB3E" box="[468,708,1237,1261]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Sphagesaurus huenei</emphasis>
; however, Iori 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FC8EFB10A4CFFB3E" box="[883,940,1237,1261]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">et al.</emphasis>
(2011) noted that the left premaxilla, in the medial view, exhibits an alveolus in a longitudinal section located anteromedially to the caniniform alveolus, indicating a more numerous premaxillary dentition. 
<bibRefCitation id="673C4B20FFE7FD28FCFAFADBA35CFAE6" author="Andrade" box="[775,1087,1309,1333]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" refString="Andrade, M. B. &amp; Bertini, R. J. (2008) A new Sphagesaurus (Mesoeucrocodylia: Notosuchia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Monte Alto City (Bauru Basin, Brazil), and a revision of the Sphagesauridae. Historical Biology, 20, 101 - 136. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912960701642949" type="journal article" year="2008">Andrade &amp; Bertini (2008)</bibRefCitation>
indicated that the first postcaniniform tooth of the 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FE5BFA87A58FFA8A" box="[422,748,1345,1369]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE7FD28FDAFFA87A58FFA8A" box="[594,748,1345,1369]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFE7FD28FD09FA87A411FA8A" box="[756,882,1345,1369]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
was an obliquely implanted maxillary tooth, but the premaxilla extends beyond the first post-caniniform tooth, which is a conical tooth with a circular cross-section. In larger sphagesaurids, such as 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FDFDFA4FA5FEFA72" box="[512,669,1417,1441]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Sphagesaurus</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE7FD28FD2EFA4FA4F2FA72" box="[723,913,1417,1441]" class="Sauropsida" family="Sphagesauridae" genus="Armadillosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesoeucrocodylia" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FD2EFA4FA4F2FA72" box="[723,913,1417,1441]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Armadillosuchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is possible to observe a posterior process of the premaxilla involving the first post-caniniform tooth, a structure that occurs in all members of the family; however, in smaller sphagesaurids, this projection is very narrow and delicate and can become difficult to identify. The 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FF31FA33A571F9DE" box="[204,530,1525,1549]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE7FD28FE85FA33A571F9DE" box="[376,530,1525,1549]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFE7FD28FDE1FA33A5F9F9DE" box="[540,666,1525,1549]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
specimens had only the lateral and medial portions of this process preserved, indicating that the first post-caniniform alveolus opens in the premaxilla. 
<bibRefCitation id="673C4B20FFE7FD28FB93F9DFA2FFF9E2" author="Andrade" box="[1134,1436,1561,1585]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" refString="Andrade, M. B. &amp; Bertini, R. J. (2008) A new Sphagesaurus (Mesoeucrocodylia: Notosuchia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Monte Alto City (Bauru Basin, Brazil), and a revision of the Sphagesauridae. Historical Biology, 20, 101 - 136. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912960701642949" type="journal article" year="2008">Andrade &amp; Bertini (2008)</bibRefCitation>
indicated a mandible with nine teeth in each dentary for the fossil MPMA 15-0001/90, with eight preserved pairs of teeth and one assumed pair, which would be procumbent and in the distal region of the mandible. The MPMA 68- 0003/ 
<specimenCount id="15ABFD58FFE7FD28FF24F943A607F94E" box="[217,356,1669,1693]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" type="generic">12 specimen</specimenCount>
had all maxillary teeth preserved and implanted; however, all premaxillary alveoli were empty, only the right caniniform was preserved, the right dentary had eight preserved teeth and the left dentary had six preserved teeth. Even with several missing teeth, it is possible to determine that the dentition of 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FB04F90BA652F8DA" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE7FD28FF6AF937A652F8DA" box="[151,305,1777,1801]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFE7FD28FEC5F937A6D7F8DA" box="[312,436,1777,1801]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
was composed with the same number of teeth as 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE7FD28FC1BF934A3EBF8DA" box="[998,1160,1777,1801]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" rank="species" species="paulistanus">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE7FD28FC1BF934A3EBF8DA" box="[998,1160,1777,1801]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">C. paulistanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has a premaxilla with four teeth, a maxilla with six teeth and a dentary with ten teeth. The shape and arrangement of the teeth are also similar in both species: the premaxilla exhibits two small teeth followed by one hypertrophied caniniform and one conical tooth, all with circular cross-sections and marked by longitudinal striae; the first three teeth of the dentary are small, conical, have a circular cross-section and have dorsally faced crowns; the fourth tooth is also conical, with a slightly oval cross-section and longitudinal striae; and the maxillary teeth and the last six teeth of the dentary follow the pattern observed for the entire family.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="031236D1FFE6FD29FF3AFF5EA539FEB7" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">
In general aspects, 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE6FD29FE5CFF5EA5AEFF63" box="[417,717,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE6FD29FDB1FF5EA5AEFF63" box="[588,717,152,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" rank="species" species="paulistanus">paulistanus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE6FD29FCF8FF5EA328FF63" box="[773,1099,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE6FD29FC4CFF5EA328FF63" box="[945,1099,152,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFE6FD29FBAEFF51A3ACFF63" box="[1107,1231,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
have very similar crania and mandibles, and the bone arrangement is almost identical. The crania are narrow, with triangular shapes in the dorsal view, have a very peculiar ornamentation, are oreinirostral and have lateral orbits. It has been observed that in 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE6FD29FF16FEC3A6ECFECF" box="[235,399,260,284]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" rank="species" species="paulistanus">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE6FD29FF16FEC3A6ECFECF" box="[235,399,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">C. paulistanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the cranium and mandible are higher than in 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE6FD29FC52FEC2A395FECF" box="[943,1270,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE6FD29FBA1FEC2A395FECF" box="[1116,1270,260,284]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFE6FD29FAFDFEC2A2E2FECF" box="[1280,1409,260,284]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, a characteristic that is mainly due to the arrangement of the ectopterygoid, palatine and pterygoid bones, the latter of which are very distinct between species.
</paragraph>
<caption id="57D26659FFE6FD29FF6AF8B9A475F867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217512/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" targetBox="[189,1402,403,1883]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="031236D1FFE6FD29FF6AF8B9A475F867" blockId="7.[151,1436,1919,1973]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE6FD29FF6AF8B9A66FF846" bold="true" box="[151,268,1919,1942]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
. Holotype of 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE6FD29FE61F846A5A0F845" box="[412,707,1920,1942]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE6FD29FDCAF846A5A0F845" authority="Andrade &amp; Bertini, 2008" authorityName="Andrade &amp; Bertini" authorityYear="2008" box="[567,707,1920,1942]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(Andrade &amp; Bertini, 2008) 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFE6FD29FC1EF846A336F845" box="[995,1109,1920,1942]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MPMA 15-0001/90). Cranium and mandible in dorsal (
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE6FD29FE70F859A6FCF867" bold="true" box="[397,415,1951,1972]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">A</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE6FD29FE2DF858A681F866" bold="true" box="[464,482,1950,1973]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">C</emphasis>
) and ventral (
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE6FD29FD8CF859A5E1F867" bold="true" box="[625,642,1951,1972]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">B</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE6FD29FD4EF859A5A6F867" bold="true" box="[691,709,1951,1972]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">D</emphasis>
) views.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="57D26659FFE9FD26FF6AF8D6A6E5F86C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217513/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" targetBox="[166,1425,197,1775]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="031236D1FFE9FD26FF6AF8D6A6E5F86C" blockId="8.[151,1436,1808,1983]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FF6AF8D6A668F8F6" bold="true" box="[151,267,1808,1831]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
. Schematic diagram of the holotype of 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FD64F8D6A4DEF8F5" box="[665,957,1808,1830]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE9FD26FCCFF8D6A4DEF8F5" authority="Andrade &amp; Bertini, 2008" authorityName="Andrade &amp; Bertini" authorityYear="2008" box="[818,957,1808,1830]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(Andrade &amp; Bertini, 2008) 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFE9FD26FB2BF8D6A223F8F5" box="[1238,1344,1808,1830]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">comb. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MPMA 15-0001/90). Cranium and mandible in dorsal (
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FD81F8E9A5EDF897" bold="true" box="[636,654,1839,1860]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">A</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FD3CF8E8A5B0F896" bold="true" box="[705,723,1838,1861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">C</emphasis>
) and ventral (
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FC98F8E9A415F897" bold="true" box="[869,886,1839,1860]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">B</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FC54F8E9A4D8F897" bold="true" box="[937,955,1839,1860]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">D</emphasis>
) views. Legend: 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FB93F8E9A319F897" bold="true" box="[1134,1146,1839,1860]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">a</emphasis>
, alveolus; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FB11F8E9A270F897" bold="true" box="[1260,1299,1839,1860]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">ang</emphasis>
, angular; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FA86F8E9A2F6F897" bold="true" box="[1403,1429,1839,1860]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">ap</emphasis>
, anterior palpebral; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FEA7F888A60BF8B0" bold="true" box="[346,360,1870,1891]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">d</emphasis>
, dentary; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FE2DF888A68CF8B0" bold="true" box="[464,495,1870,1891]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">ect</emphasis>
, ectopterygoid; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FD6BF888A5CCF8B0" bold="true" box="[662,687,1870,1891]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">en</emphasis>
, external nostril; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FC9BF88BA40DF8B7" bold="true" box="[870,878,1869,1892]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">f</emphasis>
, frontal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FC33F88BA48FF8B7" bold="true" box="[974,1004,1869,1892]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">inf</emphasis>
, incisive foramen; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FB4EF88BA3DFF8B7" bold="true" box="[1203,1212,1869,1892]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">j</emphasis>
, jugal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FAF7F888A272F8B0" bold="true" box="[1290,1297,1870,1891]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">l</emphasis>
, lacrimal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FA7DF888A2F6F8B0" bold="true" box="[1408,1429,1870,1891]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">m</emphasis>
, maxilla; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FF0CF8AAA79CF852" bold="true" box="[241,255,1900,1921]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">n</emphasis>
, nasal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FEB2F8AAA616F852" bold="true" box="[335,373,1900,1921]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">orb</emphasis>
, orbit; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FE3CF8AAA6ACF852" bold="true" box="[449,463,1900,1921]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">p</emphasis>
, parietal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FDC5F8AAA539F852" bold="true" box="[568,602,1900,1921]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">pal</emphasis>
, palatine; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FD3BF8ADA5BEF851" bold="true" box="[710,733,1899,1922]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">pf</emphasis>
, prefrontal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FCA1F8AAA41CF852" bold="true" box="[860,895,1900,1921]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">pm</emphasis>
, premaxilla; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FBF5F8AAA340F852" bold="true" box="[1032,1059,1900,1921]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">po</emphasis>
, postorbital; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FB56F8AAA3A4F852" bold="true" box="[1195,1223,1900,1921]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">pp</emphasis>
, posterior palpebral; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FF6AF84DA7CEF873" bold="true" box="[151,173,1931,1952]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">pt</emphasis>
, pterygoid; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FED3F84DA633F873" bold="true" box="[302,336,1931,1952]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">ptc</emphasis>
, pterygoid chamber; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FDCDF84DA55DF873" bold="true" box="[560,574,1931,1952]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">q</emphasis>
, quadrate; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FD48F84DA5A8F873" bold="true" box="[693,715,1931,1952]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">sa</emphasis>
, surangular; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FCABF84CA416F872" bold="true" box="[854,885,1930,1953]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">sof</emphasis>
, suborbital fenestra; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FBAEF84DA309F873" bold="true" box="[1107,1130,1931,1952]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">sp</emphasis>
, splenial; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FB24F84DA392F873" bold="true" box="[1241,1265,1931,1952]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">sq</emphasis>
, squamosal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE9FD26FA86F84CA2F5F872" bold="true" box="[1403,1430,1930,1953]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">stf</emphasis>
, supratemporal fenestra.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="57D26659FFE8FD27FF6AFD1CA27EFCB8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217514/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" targetBox="[168,1426,199,706]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="031236D1FFE8FD27FF6AFD1CA27EFCB8" blockId="9.[151,1437,730,876]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FF6AFD1CA66FFD23" bold="true" box="[151,268,730,753]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">FIGURE 7</emphasis>
. Fossil and schematic draw of the holotype of 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FD17FD1DA36CFD22" box="[746,1039,731,753]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE8FD27FC79FD1DA36CFD22" authority="Andrade &amp; Bertini, 2008" authorityName="Andrade &amp; Bertini" authorityYear="2008" box="[900,1039,731,753]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(Andrade &amp; Bertini, 2008) 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFE8FD27FAD1FD1DA2FEFD22" box="[1324,1437,731,753]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MPMA 15-0001/90). Cranium (
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FE12FD3CA562FCDC" bold="true" box="[495,513,762,783]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">A</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FDC7FD3CA528FCDC" bold="true" box="[570,587,762,783]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">B</emphasis>
) and mandible (
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FD00FD3FA46CFCC3" bold="true" box="[765,783,761,784]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">C</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FCB5FD3CA439FCDC" bold="true" box="[840,858,762,783]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">D</emphasis>
) in lateral views. Legend: 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FB81FD3FA3F2FCC3" bold="true" box="[1148,1169,761,784]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">af</emphasis>
, antorbital fenestra; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FA93FD3CA2F6FCDC" bold="true" box="[1390,1429,762,783]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">ang</emphasis>
, angular; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FF09FCDFA661FCFD" bold="true" box="[244,258,793,814]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">d</emphasis>
, dentary; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FE8DFCDFA6ECFCFD" bold="true" box="[368,399,793,814]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">ect</emphasis>
, ectopterygoid; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FDC1FCDFA536FCFD" bold="true" box="[572,597,793,814]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">en</emphasis>
, external nostril; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FCEEFCDEA478FCFC" bold="true" box="[787,795,792,815]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">f</emphasis>
, frontal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FC7DFCDEA4EBFCFC" bold="true" box="[896,904,792,815]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">j</emphasis>
, jugal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FC20FCDFA487FCFD" bold="true" box="[989,996,793,814]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">l</emphasis>
, lacrimal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FBA4FCDEA312FCFC" bold="true" box="[1113,1137,792,815]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">ltf</emphasis>
, laterotemporal fenestra; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FA7DFCDFA2F6FCFD" bold="true" box="[1408,1429,793,814]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">m</emphasis>
, maxilla; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FF0CFCF0A66DFC9E" bold="true" box="[241,270,822,845]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">mf</emphasis>
, mandibular fenestra; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FE09FCF1A561FC9F" bold="true" box="[500,514,823,844]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">n</emphasis>
, nasal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FDADFCF1A515FC9F" bold="true" box="[592,630,823,844]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">orb</emphasis>
, orbit; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FD3FFCF1A5B3FC9F" bold="true" box="[706,720,823,844]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">p</emphasis>
, parietal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FCCAFCF0A42EFC9E" bold="true" box="[823,845,822,845]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">pf</emphasis>
, prefrontal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FC31FCF1A48CFC9F" bold="true" box="[972,1007,823,844]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">pm</emphasis>
, premaxilla; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FB8BFCF1A3F2FC9F" bold="true" box="[1142,1169,823,844]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">po</emphasis>
, postorbital; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FAE4FCF1A256FC9F" bold="true" box="[1305,1333,823,844]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">pp</emphasis>
, posterior palpebral; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FEFFFC90A67BFCB8" bold="true" box="[258,280,854,875]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">pt</emphasis>
, pterygoid; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FE69FC90A6C1FCB8" bold="true" box="[404,418,854,875]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">q</emphasis>
, quadrate; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FDEEFC93A54AFCBF" bold="true" box="[531,553,853,876]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">qj</emphasis>
, quadratojugal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FD32FC90A586FCB8" bold="true" box="[719,741,854,875]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">sa</emphasis>
, surangular; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FC97FC90A4E1FCB8" bold="true" box="[874,898,854,875]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">sq</emphasis>
, squamosal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FBFAFC93A342FCBF" bold="true" box="[1031,1057,853,876]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">stf</emphasis>
, supratemporal fenestra.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="031236D1FFE8FD27FF3AFC5EA50CFAB3" blockId="9.[151,1436,920,2024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE8FD27FF3AFC5EA547FC63" authority="Sphagesauru" authorityName="Sphagesauru" box="[199,548,920,944]" class="Sauropsida" family="Sphagesauridae" genus="Armadillosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesoeucrocodylia" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FF3AFC5EA6E6FC63" box="[199,389,920,944]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">Armadillosuchus</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FE6FFC5EA547FC63" box="[402,548,920,944]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">Sphagesauru</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s and 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FD99FC5EA471FC63" box="[612,786,920,944]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">Caryonosuchus</emphasis>
are large sphagesaurids, with crania exceeding 
<quantity id="C4559B34FFE8FD27FAD9FC5EA2E3FC63" box="[1316,1408,920,944]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" unit="mm" value="250.0">250 mm</quantity>
in total length, while the 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FE72FC7AA551FC07" box="[399,562,956,980]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">Caipirasuchus</emphasis>
crania do not grow over 
<quantity id="C4559B34FFE8FD27FCB5FC7AA4C7FC07" box="[840,932,956,980]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" unit="mm" value="180.0">180 mm</quantity>
in length. Regarding the general shape of the cranium, 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FEFCFC26A6C6FC2B" box="[257,421,992,1016]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">Caipirasuchus</emphasis>
displays a longer rostrum and a more lanceolate dorsal outline, while in 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE8FD27FB23FC26A2FFFC2B" box="[1246,1436,992,1016]" class="Sauropsida" family="Sphagesauridae" genus="Armadillosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesoeucrocodylia" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FB23FC26A2FFFC2B" box="[1246,1436,992,1016]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">Armadillosuchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FF3BFBC2A600FBCF" box="[198,355,1028,1052]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">Sphagesaurus</emphasis>
the rostral regions are shorter and the transition between the rostrum and the posterior portion of the cranium is less smooth. 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FE2AFBEEA519FB93" box="[471,634,1064,1088]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">Caipirasuchus</emphasis>
displays a rostrum that makes up almost half the total cranium length and is relatively more narrow and longer than in 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FD3DFB8AA43EFBB7" box="[704,861,1100,1124]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">Sphagesaurus</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE8FD27FC68FB8AA330FBB7" box="[917,1107,1100,1124]" class="Sauropsida" family="Sphagesauridae" genus="Armadillosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesoeucrocodylia" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FC68FB8AA330FBB7" box="[917,1107,1100,1124]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">Armadillosuchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE8FD27FB7DFB8BA240FBB7" box="[1152,1315,1100,1124]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" rank="species" species="paulistanus">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FB7DFB8BA240FBB7" box="[1152,1315,1100,1124]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">C. paulistanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the rostral narrowing is greater, more gradual and homogenous; the lateral and dorsal planes are nearly flat surfaces and the connection between both planes is marked by a conspicuous edge, while 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE8FD27FC13FB53A3CFFB7F" box="[1006,1196,1172,1196]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FC13FB53A3CFFB7F" box="[1006,1196,1172,1196]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">C. montealtensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFE8FD27FB4BFB52A256FB7F" box="[1206,1333,1172,1196]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
shows a dorsolateral plane, making the transition between the lateral and dorsal planes, in addition to a lateral intumescence on the jugal line. 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FEA1FB1AA69CFB27" box="[348,511,1244,1268]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">Caipirasuchus</emphasis>
has long nasal, separate from the external nostril; in 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE8FD27FBAAFB1BA39AFB27" box="[1111,1273,1244,1268]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" rank="species" species="paulistanus">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FBAAFB1BA39AFB27" box="[1111,1273,1244,1268]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">C. paulistanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they are more anteriorly narrow and are only found on the dorsal and lateral surfaces, with the latter being in contact with the premaxilla and the maxilla (Iori &amp; Carvalho 2011), while in 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FC81FAE2A3A5FAEF" box="[892,1222,1316,1340]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE8FD27FBD1FAE2A3A5FAEF" box="[1068,1222,1316,1340]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFE8FD27FB29FAE2A235FAEF" box="[1236,1366,1316,1340]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
these contacts occur on the dorsolateral surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="031236D1FFE8FD27FF3AFAAAA34DF977" blockId="9.[151,1436,920,2024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">
Sphagesaurids present a cranial ornamentation pattern, marked by irregular wrinkles and striae, which is present in almost the entire length of the cranium and lateral of the rostrum and jugal. Laterally, the region near the alveolar margin is smooth and marked by several neurovascular foramina (
<bibRefCitation id="673C4B20FFE8FD27FC03FA72A27CFA1F" author="Andrade" box="[1022,1311,1460,1484]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" refString="Andrade, M. B. &amp; Bertini, R. J. (2008) A new Sphagesaurus (Mesoeucrocodylia: Notosuchia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Monte Alto City (Bauru Basin, Brazil), and a revision of the Sphagesauridae. Historical Biology, 20, 101 - 136. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912960701642949" type="journal article" year="2008">Andrade &amp; Bertini 2008</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="673C4B20FFE8FD27FAD0FA72A2F4FA1F" author="Pol" box="[1325,1431,1460,1484]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" refString="Pol D. (2003) New remains of Sphagesaurus huenei (Crocodylomorpha: Mesoeucrocodylia) from the late Cretaceous of Brazil. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 23, 817 - 831. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1671 / A 1015 - 7" type="journal article" year="2003">Pol 2003</bibRefCitation>
; Kellner 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FF0FFA1FA648FA23" box="[242,299,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">et al.</emphasis>
2011; Iori &amp; Carvalho 2011). Kellner 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FD20FA1FA46CFA23" box="[733,783,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">et al</emphasis>
. (2011) indicated the existence of semicircular grooves in 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FF6AFA3AA626F9C7" box="[151,325,1532,1556]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">Caryonosuchus</emphasis>
, and ornamentations with such features are observed in 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FC32FA3AA276F9C7" box="[975,1301,1532,1556]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE8FD27FB86FA3AA276F9C7" box="[1147,1301,1532,1556]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFE8FD27FAE3FA3AA2FFF9C7" box="[1310,1436,1532,1556]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MPMA 68-0003/12) in the squamosal region preceding the supratemporal fenestra. The medial portions of the parietal and the dorsal surface of the supraoccipital of the 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FCC1F982A4BCF98F" box="[828,991,1604,1628]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">Caipirasuchus</emphasis>
are highly ornamented. Moreover, the genus displays a small concavity on the posteromedial parietal region, a longitudinal crest in the frontal and a grooved region in the nasals that precedes and is parallel to the nasofrontal suture.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="031236D1FFE8FD27FF3AF977A386F83B" blockId="9.[151,1436,920,2024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">
Among the five species of sphagesaurids described, the bone arrangement of the cranium is very similar, and the interspecies variations occur in the general shape of the cranium, the dental distribution and the presence or absence of certain structures. Some specific characters are observed in some members of the family, such as the rostral tubercles of 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FE89F8DAA540F8E7" box="[372,547,1820,1844]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">Caryonosuchus</emphasis>
and the presence of a cervical shield in 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE8FD27FC12F8DAA3CEF8E7" box="[1007,1197,1820,1844]" class="Sauropsida" family="Sphagesauridae" genus="Armadillosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesoeucrocodylia" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FC12F8DAA3CEF8E7" box="[1007,1197,1820,1844]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">Armadillosuchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kellner 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FAE6F8DBA236F8E7" box="[1307,1365,1820,1844]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">et al.</emphasis>
2011; 
<bibRefCitation id="673C4B20FFE8FD27FF6AF886A681F88B" author="Marinho" box="[151,482,1856,1880]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" refString="Marinho, T. S. &amp; Carvalho, I. S. (2009) An armadillo-like sphagesaurid crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 27, 36 - 41. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jsames. 2008.11.005" type="journal article" year="2009">Marinho &amp; Carvalho 2009</bibRefCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FE03F886A5C2F88B" box="[510,673,1856,1880]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">Caipirasuchus</emphasis>
exhibits antorbital fenestrae, unlike 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FB96F886A200F88B" box="[1131,1379,1856,1880]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">Sphagesaurus huenei</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE8FD27FF6AF8A2A636F8AF" box="[151,341,1892,1916]" class="Sauropsida" family="Sphagesauridae" genus="Armadillosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesoeucrocodylia" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FF6AF8A2A636F8AF" box="[151,341,1892,1916]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">Armadillosuchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="673C4B20FFE8FD27FE98F8A2A6B3F8AF" author="Pol" box="[357,464,1892,1916]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" refString="Pol D. (2003) New remains of Sphagesaurus huenei (Crocodylomorpha: Mesoeucrocodylia) from the late Cretaceous of Brazil. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 23, 817 - 831. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1671 / A 1015 - 7" type="journal article" year="2003">Pol 2003</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="673C4B20FFE8FD27FE23F8A2A470F8AF" author="Marinho" box="[478,787,1892,1916]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" refString="Marinho, T. S. &amp; Carvalho, I. S. (2009) An armadillo-like sphagesaurid crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 27, 36 - 41. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jsames. 2008.11.005" type="journal article" year="2009">Marinho &amp; Carvalho 2009</bibRefCitation>
); in 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE8FD27FCBAF8A3A488F8AF" box="[839,1003,1892,1916]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" rank="species" species="paulistanus">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FCBAF8A3A488F8AF" box="[839,1003,1892,1916]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">C. paulistanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this fenestra is oval, dorsal-ventrally elongated and is bordered slightly by the jugal in its lower edge, while, in 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FC32F84EA270F873" box="[975,1299,1928,1952]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE8FD27FB84F84EA270F873" box="[1145,1299,1928,1952]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFE8FD27FAE7F84EA2FBF873" box="[1306,1432,1928,1952]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, this fenestra is small, circular and bordered only by the lacrimal and the maxilla. The chamber in the pterygoid was only observed in 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FEA5F816A5FEF83B" box="[344,669,2000,2024]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFE8FD27FDFEF816A5FEF83B" box="[515,669,2000,2024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFE8FD27FD59F816A47CF83B" box="[676,799,2000,2024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Iori &amp; Carvalho 2011, Iori 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFE8FD27FBA0F817A3F5F83B" box="[1117,1174,2000,2024]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">et al.</emphasis>
2012).
</paragraph>
<caption id="57D26659FFEBFD24FF6AF85FA4C7F81D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217515/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="193" targetBox="[188,1409,200,1918]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="031236D1FFEBFD24FF6AF85FA4C7F81D" blockId="10.[151,1436,1945,1999]" pageId="10" pageNumber="193">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEBFD24FF6AF85FA66FF87C" bold="true" box="[151,268,1945,1968]" pageId="10" pageNumber="193">FIGURE 8</emphasis>
. The referred specimen of 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEBFD24FDD9F85CA428F863" box="[548,843,1946,1968]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="193">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFEBFD24FD3DF85CA428F863" authority="Andrade &amp; Bertini, 2008" authorityName="Andrade &amp; Bertini" authorityYear="2008" box="[704,843,1946,1968]" pageId="10" pageNumber="193" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(Andrade &amp; Bertini, 2008) 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFEBFD24FB96F85CA3BEF863" box="[1131,1245,1946,1968]" pageId="10" pageNumber="193">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MPMA 68-0003/ 12). Cranium and mandible in dorsal (
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEBFD24FDE7F87FA54FF81D" bold="true" box="[538,556,1977,1998]" pageId="10" pageNumber="193">A</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEBFD24FDA0F87EA50CF81C" bold="true" box="[605,623,1976,1999]" pageId="10" pageNumber="193">C</emphasis>
) and ventral (
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEBFD24FD03F87FA46CF81D" bold="true" box="[766,783,1977,1998]" pageId="10" pageNumber="193">B</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEBFD24FCBCF87FA430F81D" bold="true" box="[833,851,1977,1998]" pageId="10" pageNumber="193">D</emphasis>
) views.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="57D26659FFEAFD25FF6AF8E7A78CF823" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217516/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" targetBox="[191,1401,203,1786]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="031236D1FFEAFD25FF6AF8E7A78CF823" blockId="11.[151,1436,1825,2032]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FF6AF8E7A668F8E4" bold="true" box="[151,267,1825,1848]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">FIGURE 9</emphasis>
. Schematic diagram of the referred specimen of 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FD08F8E4A37AF8EB" box="[757,1049,1826,1848]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFEAFD25FC73F8E4A37AF8EB" authority="Andrade &amp; Bertini, 2008" authorityName="Andrade &amp; Bertini" authorityYear="2008" box="[910,1049,1826,1848]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(Andrade &amp; Bertini, 2008) 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFEAFD25FACFF8E4A2FFF8EB" box="[1330,1436,1826,1848]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">comb. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MPMA 68-0003/12). Cranium and mandible in dorsal (
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FD10F887A59CF885" bold="true" box="[749,767,1857,1878]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">A</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FCC4F886A428F884" bold="true" box="[825,843,1856,1879]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">C</emphasis>
) and ventral (
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FC18F887A495F885" bold="true" box="[997,1014,1857,1878]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">B</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FBCDF887A321F885" bold="true" box="[1072,1090,1857,1878]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">D</emphasis>
) views. Legend: 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FB00F887A269F885" bold="true" box="[1277,1290,1857,1878]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">a</emphasis>
, alveolus; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FA7DF886A2FFF884" bold="true" box="[1408,1436,1856,1879]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">af,</emphasis>
antorbital fenestra; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FEA0F8A6A6E7F8A6" bold="true" box="[349,388,1888,1909]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">ang</emphasis>
, angular; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FE11F8A6A56FF8A6" bold="true" box="[492,524,1888,1909]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">art</emphasis>
, articular; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FD81F8A6A5F4F8A6" bold="true" box="[636,663,1888,1909]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">bo</emphasis>
, basioccipital; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FCCFF8A6A423F8A6" bold="true" box="[818,832,1888,1909]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">d</emphasis>
, dentary; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FC55F8A6A4A4F8A6" bold="true" box="[936,967,1888,1909]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">ect</emphasis>
, ectopterygoid; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FB90F8A6A3E5F8A6" bold="true" box="[1133,1158,1888,1909]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">en</emphasis>
, external nostril; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FAC1F899A227F8A5" bold="true" box="[1340,1348,1887,1910]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">f</emphasis>
, frontal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FF6AF8BBA7D7F847" bold="true" box="[151,180,1917,1940]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">inf</emphasis>
, incisive foramen; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FE85F8BBA6E3F847" bold="true" box="[376,384,1917,1940]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">j</emphasis>
, jugal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FE33F8B8A6B6F840" bold="true" box="[462,469,1918,1939]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">l</emphasis>
, lacrimal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FDBFF8BBA539F847" bold="true" box="[578,602,1917,1940]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">ltf</emphasis>
, laterotemporal fenestra; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FCA2F8B8A417F840" bold="true" box="[863,884,1918,1939]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">m</emphasis>
, maxilla; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FC26F8B8A48AF840" bold="true" box="[987,1001,1918,1939]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">n</emphasis>
, nasal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FBCAF8B8A32CF840" bold="true" box="[1079,1103,1918,1939]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">oc</emphasis>
, occipital condyle; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FAEAF8B8A25EF840" bold="true" box="[1303,1341,1918,1939]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">orb</emphasis>
, orbit; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FA7AF8B8A2F6F840" bold="true" box="[1415,1429,1918,1939]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">p</emphasis>
, parietal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FF0FF85BA677F861" bold="true" box="[242,276,1949,1970]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">pal</emphasis>
, palatine; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FE7DF85BA6C0F861" bold="true" box="[384,419,1949,1970]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">pm</emphasis>
, premaxilla; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FDD0F85AA527F860" bold="true" box="[557,580,1948,1971]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">pf</emphasis>
, prefrontal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FD38F85BA583F861" bold="true" box="[709,736,1949,1970]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">po</emphasis>
, postorbital; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FC94F85BA41CF861" bold="true" box="[873,895,1949,1970]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">pt</emphasis>
, pterygoid; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FC03F85BA343F861" bold="true" box="[1022,1056,1949,1970]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">ptc</emphasis>
, pterygoid chamber; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FB01F85BA269F861" bold="true" box="[1276,1290,1949,1970]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">q</emphasis>
, quadrate; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FA82F85AA2F6F860" bold="true" box="[1407,1429,1948,1971]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">qj</emphasis>
, quadratojugal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FEC8F87AA628F802" bold="true" box="[309,331,1980,2001]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">sa</emphasis>
, surangular; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FE21F87AA691F802" bold="true" box="[476,498,1980,2001]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">so</emphasis>
, supraoccipital; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FD58F87DA5A7F801" bold="true" box="[677,708,1979,2002]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">sof</emphasis>
, suborbital fenestra; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FC57F87AA4A1F802" bold="true" box="[938,962,1980,2001]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">sp</emphasis>
, splenial; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FBCBF87AA32DF802" bold="true" box="[1078,1102,1980,2001]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">sq</emphasis>
, squamosal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEAFD25FB23F87DA39AF801" bold="true" box="[1246,1273,1979,2002]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">stf</emphasis>
, supratemporal fenestra.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="57D26659FFEDFD22FF6AFD24A501FCA0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217517/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="195" targetBox="[153,1428,202,714]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="031236D1FFEDFD22FF6AFD24A501FCA0" blockId="12.[151,1436,738,883]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FF6AFD24A67FFD2B" bold="true" box="[151,284,738,761]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">FIGURE 10</emphasis>
. Fossil and schematic diagram of the referred specimen of 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FC6BFD25A3DDFD2A" box="[918,1214,739,761]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFEDFD22FBCEFD25A3DDFD2A" authority="Andrade &amp; Bertini, 2008" authorityName="Andrade &amp; Bertini" authorityYear="2008" box="[1075,1214,739,761]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(Andrade &amp; Bertini, 2008) 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFEDFD22FF27FCC7A62FFCC4" box="[218,332,769,791]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MPMA 68-0003/12). Cranium (
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FD59FCC7A5D5FCC5" bold="true" box="[676,694,769,790]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">A</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FD16FCC4A59FFCC4" bold="true" box="[747,764,770,791]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">B</emphasis>
) and mandible (
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FC5AFCC7A4DAFCCB" bold="true" box="[935,953,769,792]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">C</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FC13FCC4A363FCC4" bold="true" box="[1006,1024,770,791]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">D</emphasis>
) in lateral views. Legend: 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FAEAFCC7A24FFCCB" bold="true" box="[1303,1324,769,792]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">af</emphasis>
, antorbital fenestra; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FF0AFCE6A67DFCE6" bold="true" box="[247,286,800,821]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">ang</emphasis>
, angular; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FE77FCE6A6FBFCE6" bold="true" box="[394,408,800,821]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">d</emphasis>
, dentary; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FDF9FCE6A540FCE6" bold="true" box="[516,547,800,821]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">ect</emphasis>
, ectopterygoid; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FD30FCE6A585FCE6" bold="true" box="[717,742,800,821]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">en</emphasis>
, external nostril; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FC5CFCD9A4CAFCE5" bold="true" box="[929,937,799,822]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">f</emphasis>
, frontal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FBF0FCD9A376FCE5" bold="true" box="[1037,1045,799,822]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">j</emphasis>
, jugal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FB9AFCE6A30DFCE6" bold="true" box="[1127,1134,800,821]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">l</emphasis>
, lacrimal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FB1CFCD9A39AFCE5" bold="true" box="[1249,1273,799,822]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">ltf</emphasis>
, laterotemporal fenestra; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FF07FCF9A66CFC87" bold="true" box="[250,271,831,852]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">m</emphasis>
, maxilla; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FE7DFCF8A6FEFC86" bold="true" box="[384,413,830,853]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">mf</emphasis>
, mandibular fenestra; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FD6CFCF9A5FCFC87" bold="true" box="[657,671,831,852]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">n</emphasis>
, nasal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FD05FCF9A478FC87" bold="true" box="[760,795,831,852]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">pm</emphasis>
, premaxilla; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FC51FCF9A4A4FC87" bold="true" box="[940,967,831,852]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">po</emphasis>
, postorbital; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FBA4FCF9A30CFC87" bold="true" box="[1113,1135,831,852]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">pt</emphasis>
, pterygoid; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FB09FCF9A261FC87" bold="true" box="[1268,1282,831,852]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">q</emphasis>
, quadrate; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FA82FCF8A2F6FC86" bold="true" box="[1407,1429,830,853]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">qj</emphasis>
, quadratojugal; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FED2FC98A626FCA0" bold="true" box="[303,325,862,883]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">sa</emphasis>
, surangular; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FE36FC98A680FCA0" bold="true" box="[459,483,862,883]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">sq</emphasis>
, squamosal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="031236D1FFEDFD22FF3AFC66A3CAFBF7" blockId="12.[151,1437,928,2032]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">
Only the 
<typeStatus id="DC168873FFEDFD22FED2FC66A6F2FC6B" box="[303,401,928,952]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFEDFD22FE4BFC67A53BFC6B" box="[438,600,928,952]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195" rank="species" species="paulistanus">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FE4BFC67A53BFC6B" box="[438,600,928,952]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">C. paulistanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had completely preserved palpebrals. In both specimens of 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FB04FC66A652FC0F" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFEDFD22FF6AFC02A652FC0F" box="[151,305,964,988]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFEDFD22FECAFC02A6D5FC0F" box="[311,438,964,988]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, only a small fragment of the anterior palpebrals was preserved; however, it is possible to observe a smooth region in the lateral margin of the frontal in specimen 68-0003/12, which indicates that there could have been a fenestra bordered by the frontal and the palpebrals, as with 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFEDFD22FBFDFBCBA3C2FBF7" box="[1024,1185,1036,1060]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195" rank="species" species="paulistanus">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FBFDFBCBA3C2FBF7" box="[1024,1185,1036,1060]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">C. paulistanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4BB7655AFFEDFD20FF3AFBF6A614FECF" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="197" pageId="12" pageNumber="195" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="031236D1FFEDFD22FF3AFBF6A45AFA5F" blockId="12.[151,1437,928,2032]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FF3AFBF6A69BFB9B" box="[199,504,1072,1096]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFEDFD22FE8AFBF6A69BFB9B" box="[375,504,1072,1096]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195" rank="species" species="paulistanus">paulistanus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
exhibits an external nostril bordered only by the premaxillae; an anterodorsal process of the maxilla makes contact with the nasal, excluding them from the external nostril margin. In 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FF6AFBBEA6E5FB43" box="[151,390,1144,1168]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">Sphagesaurus huenei</emphasis>
, the nasals participate in the margin slightly. 
<bibRefCitation id="673C4B20FFEDFD22FC82FBBEA3C1FB43" author="Andrade" box="[895,1186,1144,1168]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195" refString="Andrade, M. B. &amp; Bertini, R. J. (2008) A new Sphagesaurus (Mesoeucrocodylia: Notosuchia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Monte Alto City (Bauru Basin, Brazil), and a revision of the Sphagesauridae. Historical Biology, 20, 101 - 136. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912960701642949" type="journal article" year="2008">Andrade &amp; Bertini (2008)</bibRefCitation>
propose that the same would happen with the MPMA 15-0001/ 
<specimenCount id="15ABFD58FFEDFD22FD7FFB5AA47FFB67" box="[642,796,1180,1204]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195" type="generic">90 specimen</specimenCount>
; however, this region is not preserved in this fossil. 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FF6AFB06A6BFFB0B" box="[151,476,1216,1240]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFEDFD22FEBFFB06A6BFFB0B" box="[322,476,1216,1240]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFEDFD22FE1EFB06A503FB0B" box="[483,608,1216,1240]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MPMA 68-0003/12) shows a remnant of the anterodorsal process of the premaxilla, which most likely also excludes the nasal from the external nostril margin because the distal portions of the nasals exhibit suture marks. An anteroventral process of the premaxilla is also observed in 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FB04FACEA652FA97" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFEDFD22FF6AFAEAA652FA97" box="[151,305,1324,1348]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFEDFD22FEC1FAEAA6D8FA97" box="[316,443,1324,1348]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MPMA 68-0003/12), as indicated by 
<bibRefCitation id="673C4B20FFEDFD22FC7BFAEAA362FA97" author="Pol" box="[902,1025,1324,1348]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195" refString="Pol D. (2003) New remains of Sphagesaurus huenei (Crocodylomorpha: Mesoeucrocodylia) from the late Cretaceous of Brazil. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 23, 817 - 831. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1671 / A 1015 - 7" type="journal article" year="2003">Pol (2003)</bibRefCitation>
for 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FBC5FAEBA3C0FA97" box="[1080,1187,1324,1348]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">S. huenei</emphasis>
. The presence of the anterior processes of the premaxillae in sphagesaurids allows us to consider the possible existence of an internarial bar in members of the family, as occurs in most Notosuchia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="031236D1FFEDFD22FF3AFA5EA50AF857" blockId="12.[151,1437,928,2032]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">
The fossils of 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFEDFD22FE96FA5EA4DFFA63" authority="Caryonosuchus and Sphagesaurus" authorityName="Caryonosuchus and Sphagesaurus" box="[363,956,1432,1456]" class="Sauropsida" family="Sphagesauridae" genus="Armadillosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesoeucrocodylia" pageId="12" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FE96FA5EA54AFA63" box="[363,553,1432,1456]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">Armadillosuchus</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FDC5FA5EA585FA63" box="[568,742,1432,1456]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">Caryonosuchus</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FCE2FA5EA4DFFA63" box="[799,956,1432,1456]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">Sphagesaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do not have preserved choanae, while the specimens of the genus 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FE43FA7AA502FA07" box="[446,609,1468,1492]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">Caipirasuchus</emphasis>
have these regions almost intact, with fossil MPMA 68-0003/12 of 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FF6AFA26A6BFFA2B" box="[151,476,1504,1528]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFEDFD22FEBFFA26A6BFFA2B" box="[322,476,1504,1528]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFEDFD22FE1EFA26A53CFA2B" box="[483,607,1504,1528]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
being the best preserved. The proximal halves of the palatines border the nasopharyngeal duct, laterally and ventrally. The opening of this duct is located at the beginning of the lateral deflection of the palatines. A small medial process of the palatine extends from this point and contacts a large anterior process of the pterygoid, forming a tubular structure, noted by 
<bibRefCitation id="673C4B20FFEDFD22FBF2F98AA22FF9B7" author="Andrade" box="[1039,1356,1612,1636]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195" refString="Andrade, M. B. &amp; Bertini, R. J. (2008) A new Sphagesaurus (Mesoeucrocodylia: Notosuchia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Monte Alto City (Bauru Basin, Brazil), and a revision of the Sphagesauridae. Historical Biology, 20, 101 - 136. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912960701642949" type="journal article" year="2008">Andrade &amp; Bertini (2008)</bibRefCitation>
as an interchoanal septum. A fenestra is formed laterally to this bar, bounded by the deflected bar of the palatine and by the pterygoid. 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FEC0F952A683F97F" box="[317,480,1684,1708]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">Caipirasuchus</emphasis>
presents the internal nostril opening caudally, unlike most of the crocodylomorphs, where the choana opens ventrally. The medial regions of the pterygoids differ greatly among the species of 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FF6AF91AA659F927" box="[151,314,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">Caipirasuchus</emphasis>
. In 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFEDFD22FE9BF91BA56BF927" box="[358,520,1756,1780]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195" rank="species" species="paulistanus">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FE9BF91BA56BF927" box="[358,520,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">C. paulistanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, these regions are smooth and closed, while 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFEDFD22FC01F91BA3D4F927" box="[1020,1207,1756,1780]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FC01F91BA3D4F927" box="[1020,1207,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">C. montealtensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFEDFD22FB43F91AA25AF927" box="[1214,1337,1756,1780]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
displays a chamber opening in this bone. This opening is wide and occupies approximately half of the medioventral surface of the pterygoid. The chamber occupies the entire distal portion of the pterygoid; a foramen opens dorsally in the pterygoid chamber. There may be a pneumatic connection between the nasopharyngeal duct, the interchoanal septum and the chamber of the pterygoid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="031236D1FFEDFD23FF3AF856A2E9FDC4" blockId="12.[151,1437,928,2032]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,536]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="196" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">
The main autapomorphies of the genus 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FD7FF856A445F87B" box="[642,806,1936,1960]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">Caipirasuchus</emphasis>
are as follows: the presence of an antorbital fenestra, an external nostril bordered only by the premaxillae and a premaxilla with four teeth. Structurally, 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFEDFD22FB30F873A20CF81F" box="[1229,1391,1972,1996]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195" rank="species" species="paulistanus">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FB30F873A20CF81F" box="[1229,1391,1972,1996]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">C. paulistanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a higher cranium and a narrower rostrum, whereas 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEDFD22FD0EF81EA35FF823" box="[755,1084,2008,2032]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFEDFD22FC5FF81EA35FF823" box="[930,1084,2008,2032]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFEDFD22FBBAF81EA3A4F823" box="[1095,1223,2008,2032]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
exhibited a lower cranium and mandible, providing a more robust aspect to this taxon. The cranial roof of specimen MPMA 68-0003/ 12 collapsed during fossilization, but some morphometric data could still be measured. It was noted that both specimens of 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FEBCFF26A5EEFF2B" box="[321,653,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFECFD23FE0EFF26A5EEFF2B" box="[499,653,224,248]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFECFD23FD61FF19A47CFF2B" box="[668,799,223,248]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
showed similar measurements and differed from 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFECFD23FA7FFF26A67BFECF" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" rank="species" species="paulistanus">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FA7FFF26A67BFECF" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">C. paulistanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by presenting the following characteristics: a larger rostral width at the line of the caniniforms; a lower mandibular height, both in the anterior region of the mandibular fenestra and at the highest point of the symphysis; and, in 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFECFD23FF0CFE8BA6F4FEB7" box="[241,407,332,356]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" rank="species" species="paulistanus">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FF0CFE8BA6F4FEB7" box="[241,407,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">C. paulistanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the distal ends of the ectopterygoids and proximal ends of the pterygoids project more ventrally than in 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FEA7FEB6A5C3FE5B" box="[346,672,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFECFD23FDFBFEB6A5C3FE5B" box="[518,672,368,392]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFECFD23FD55FEA9A445FE54" box="[680,806,367,391]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="9B962A54FFECFD23FCCBFEA9A4EAFE54" box="[822,905,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="13.[151,249,1377,1400]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1355]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,589,1356]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 11. Cranial dimensions in millimeters of Caipirasuchus paulistanus (MPMA 67 - 0001 / 00) in (1) and of Caipirasuchus montealtensis comb. nov. (MPMA 15 - 0001 / 90) in (2). Legend: A — maximum dorsal length of the cranium; B — cranium width in the region of caniniform teeth; C — maximum nasal length; D — minimum distance between the supraorbital fenestrae; E — maximum width of cranial roof; F — width of supratemporal fenestra; G — minimum distance between supratemporal fenestrae; H — maximum length of the cranium; I — lengths of diastemata; J — dimension of suborbital fenestra; L — minimum distance between suborbital fenestrae; M — width of suborbital fenestra; N — distance between the external faces of ectopterygoids; O — maximum width of the cranium; P — minimum height of the cranium; Q — maximum orbital length; Rmaximum dimension of antorbital fenestra; S - orbital height; T — maximum length of laterotemporal fenestra; U — maximum cranium height; V — angle between the ventral maxillary plane and the palatal fenestra plane. Schematic drawings extracted from Andrade &amp; Bertini (2008) and Iori &amp; Carvalho (2011)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217518/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). This projection results in a more acute angle formed between the mandible plane and the suborbital fenestrae plane in 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFECFD23FBFCFE53A3CBFE7F" box="[1025,1192,404,428]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" rank="species" species="paulistanus">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FBFCFE53A3CBFE7F" box="[1025,1192,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">C. paulistanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
compared to that in 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FF6AFE7EA682FE03" box="[151,481,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFECFD23FEBAFE7EA682FE03" box="[327,481,440,464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFECFD23FE13FE71A513FE1C" box="[494,624,439,463]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(135º for 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFECFD23FD0EFE7EA4F9FE03" box="[755,922,440,464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" rank="species" species="paulistanus">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FD0EFE7EA4F9FE03" box="[755,922,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">C. paulistanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and approximately 147º for 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FB04FE7EA652FE27" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFECFD23FF6AFE1AA652FE27" box="[151,305,476,500]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFECFD23FEC5FE1AA6D5FE27" box="[312,438,476,500]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
) (Iori &amp; Carvalho 2011). The most striking aspect that differentiates these two species is the pterygoid chamber, which is present in 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FD84FDC6A4DEFDCB" box="[633,957,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFECFD23FCDEFDC6A4DEFDCB" box="[803,957,512,536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFECFD23FC39FE39A323FDCB" box="[964,1088,511,536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and absent in 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFECFD23FB1CFDC6A2E0FDCB" box="[1249,1411,512,536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" rank="species" species="paulistanus">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FB1CFDC6A2E0FDCB" box="[1249,1411,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">C. paulistanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="57D26659FFECFD23FF6AFAA7A59AF95F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217518/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" targetBox="[151,1436,589,1355]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="031236D1FFECFD23FF6AFAA7A59AF95F" blockId="13.[151,1436,1377,1676]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FF6AFAA7A642FAA5" bold="true" box="[151,289,1377,1400]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">FIGURE 11</emphasis>
. Cranial dimensions in millimeters of 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FD1EFAA7A49FFAA4" box="[739,1020,1377,1399]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFECFD23FC7AFAA7A49FFAA4" box="[903,1020,1377,1399]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" rank="species" species="paulistanus">paulistanus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(MPMA 67-0001/00) in (
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FAD1FAA7A25BFAA5" bold="true" box="[1324,1336,1377,1398]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">1</emphasis>
) and of 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FF6AFA46A6D8FA45" box="[151,443,1408,1430]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFECFD23FECDFA46A6D8FA45" box="[304,443,1408,1430]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFECFD23FE3CFA46A551FA45" box="[449,562,1408,1430]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MPMA 15-0001/90) in (
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FCCAFA46A420FA46" bold="true" box="[823,835,1408,1429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">2</emphasis>
). Legend: 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FC4CFA46A4A0FA46" bold="true" box="[945,963,1408,1429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">A</emphasis>
—maximum dorsal length of the cranium; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FA8FFA46A2E0FA46" bold="true" box="[1394,1411,1408,1429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">B</emphasis>
— cranium width in the region of caniniform teeth; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FD73FA58A5C3FA66" bold="true" box="[654,672,1438,1461]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">C</emphasis>
—maximum nasal length; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FC4CFA59A4A0FA67" bold="true" box="[945,963,1439,1460]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">D</emphasis>
—minimum distance between the supraorbital fenestrae; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FEF5FA78A67AFA00" bold="true" box="[264,281,1470,1491]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">E</emphasis>
—maximum width of cranial roof; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FD57FA78A5DAFA00" bold="true" box="[682,697,1470,1491]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">F</emphasis>
—width of supratemporal fenestra; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FBBAFA7BA338FA07" bold="true" box="[1095,1115,1469,1492]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">G</emphasis>
—minimum distance between supratemporal fenestrae; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FE65FA1AA6CFFA22" bold="true" box="[408,428,1500,1521]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">H</emphasis>
—maximum length of the cranium; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FCE1FA1AA445FA22" bold="true" box="[796,806,1500,1521]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">I</emphasis>
—lengths of diastemata; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FBDBFA1AA350FA22" bold="true" box="[1062,1075,1500,1521]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">J</emphasis>
—dimension of suborbital fenestra; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FF6AFA3DA7CBF9C3" bold="true" box="[151,168,1531,1552]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">L</emphasis>
—minimum distance between suborbital fenestrae; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FD4EFA3DA5A8F9C3" bold="true" box="[691,715,1531,1552]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">M</emphasis>
—width of suborbital fenestra; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FBF7FA3DA37FF9C3" bold="true" box="[1034,1052,1531,1552]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">N</emphasis>
—distance between the external faces of ectopterygoids; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FEA9F9DFA60BF9E3" bold="true" box="[340,360,1561,1584]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">O</emphasis>
—maximum width of the cranium; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FD30F9DCA5BFF9FC" bold="true" box="[717,732,1562,1583]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">P</emphasis>
—minimum height of the cranium; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FBB9F9DFA33BF9E3" bold="true" box="[1092,1112,1561,1584]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Q</emphasis>
—maximum orbital length; Rmaximum dimension of antorbital fenestra; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FDA4F9F1A504F99D" bold="true" box="[601,615,1591,1614]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">S</emphasis>
- orbital height; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FCE8F9FEA445F99E" bold="true" box="[789,806,1592,1613]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">T</emphasis>
—maximum length of laterotemporal fenestra; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FAF7F9FEA27FF99E" bold="true" box="[1290,1308,1592,1613]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">U</emphasis>
—maximum cranium height; 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FEBCF991A630F9BF" bold="true" box="[321,339,1623,1644]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">V</emphasis>
—angle between the ventral maxillary plane and the palatal fenestra plane. Schematic drawings extracted from Andrade &amp; Bertini (2008) and Iori &amp; Carvalho (2011).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="031236D1FFECFD23FF3AF974A52EF8AD" blockId="13.[151,1436,1714,2026]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">
The 
<typeStatus id="DC168873FFECFD23FF04F974A638F919" box="[249,347,1714,1738]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFECFD23FE7DF975A541F918" box="[384,546,1715,1739]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" rank="species" species="paulistanus">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FE7DF975A541F918" box="[384,546,1715,1739]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">C. paulistanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
did not have the dorsal region of the articular preserved, but, in the MPMA 68- 0003/ 
<specimenCount id="15ABFD58FFECFD23FF24F910A607F93D" box="[217,356,1750,1774]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" type="generic">12 specimen</specimenCount>
of 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FE71F910A5B2F93D" box="[396,721,1750,1774]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFECFD23FDCAF910A5B2F93D" box="[567,721,1750,1774]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFECFD23FD24F910A43AF93D" box="[729,857,1750,1774]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, an anteroposteriorly expanded protuberance in the articular region with the quadrate was observed, which allows anteroposterior sliding of the mandible. This arrangement in the craniomandibular articulation must be present in the other sphagesaurids because it would contribute to the propalinal movement noted in several studies with members of the family (
<bibRefCitation id="673C4B20FFECFD23FB55F884A271F889" author="Pol" box="[1192,1298,1858,1882]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" refString="Pol D. (2003) New remains of Sphagesaurus huenei (Crocodylomorpha: Mesoeucrocodylia) from the late Cretaceous of Brazil. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 23, 817 - 831. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1671 / A 1015 - 7" type="journal article" year="2003">Pol 2003</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="673C4B20FFECFD23FAE3F884A65CF8AD" author="Marinho" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" refString="Marinho, T. S. &amp; Carvalho, I. S. (2009) An armadillo-like sphagesaurid crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 27, 36 - 41. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jsames. 2008.11.005" type="journal article" year="2009">Marinho &amp; Carvalho 2009</bibRefCitation>
; Iori &amp; Carvalho 2011).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="031236D1FFECFD20FF3AF84CA614FECF" blockId="13.[151,1436,1714,2026]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1436,151,284]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="197" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">
Iori &amp; Carvalho (2011) presented a phylogenetic analysis, where 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FC54F84DA384F870" box="[937,1255,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">
Sphagesaurus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFECFD23FBB0F84DA384F870" box="[1101,1255,1931,1955]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" rank="species" species="montealtensis">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FB04F84DA652F814" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFECFD23FF6AF869A652F814" box="[151,305,1967,1991]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFECFD23FEC4F869A6D4F814" box="[313,439,1967,1991]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
) appears to be a sister species to 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFECFD23FCCFF869A493F814" box="[818,1008,1967,1991]" class="Sauropsida" family="Sphagesauridae" genus="Armadillosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesoeucrocodylia" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFECFD23FCCFF869A493F814" box="[818,1008,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Armadillosuchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; however, in that study, the data used were from a 
<typeStatus id="DC168873FFECFD23FECDF814A6F1F839" box="[304,402,2002,2026]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(MPMA 15-0001/90) with an incomplete cranium and mandible. In the present study, a different specimen (MPMA 68-0003/12) was used to provide data on the cranial and post-cranial characters that were not preserved in the previous 
<typeStatus id="DC168873FFEFFD20FD94FF7AA5ACFF07" box="[617,719,188,212]" pageId="14" pageNumber="197" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. The results indicate that 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEFFD20FBD4FF7AA203FF07" box="[1065,1376,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFEFFD20FB22FF7AA203FF07" box="[1247,1376,188,212]" pageId="14" pageNumber="197" rank="species" species="paulistanus">paulistanus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="31D9EAC3FFEFFD20FF6AFF26A6BFFF2B" box="[151,476,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">
Caipirasuchus 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFEFFD20FEBFFF26A6BFFF2B" box="[322,476,224,248]" pageId="14" pageNumber="197" rank="species" species="montealtensis" status="comb. nov.">montealtensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AEA57B8FFEFFD20FE1EFF19A503FF24" box="[483,608,223,247]" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
are sister species among 
<taxonomicName id="C4AD4D52FFEFFD20FC82FF19A351FF24" box="[895,1074,223,247]" class="Sauropsida" family="Sphagesauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesoeucrocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Sphagesauridae</taxonomicName>
, corroborating what is proposed in the present study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>