221 lines
28 KiB
XML
221 lines
28 KiB
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<document id="C3D102C1B9D845024AE44A4E7FECFA58" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8c285951-a749-4444-a8e1-bc3bb9127000" ModsDocID="z01368p049" checkinTime="1247128857991" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Wilson J. E. M. Costa" docDate="2006" docId="2BAB6A080ED3196A18AD55545FB0EE6B" docLanguage="en" docName="2006_Costa3_gg2.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1368" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:268B8AA4-0A63-46E1-B4E7-563C0B0D9D3C" docTitle="Rivulus kayapo Costa, 2006, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="C9CA2D2AA629D4B0E041D1E630981E54" masterDocTitle="Rivulus kayapo n. sp. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): a new killifish from the serra dos Caiapós, upper rio Araguaia basin, Brazil." masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1701327141850" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="3F60DA6764F9F2A162B927885FC0BC6C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="37AA00EE1795B3EFC41809F0CF288CEE">
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<mods:title id="BA62942EB4A323CBEE7D40B2D2F3EA18">Rivulus kayapo n. sp. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): a new killifish from the serra dos Caiapós, upper rio Araguaia basin, Brazil.</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="B71060C07F5183C412FF44A9A0462645" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="50837C8F25D784FACE58D7112DE3E20B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="ED3D441332C6DDADD3225C826B610F74">Wilson J. E. M. Costa</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="199BF79AB79A47BB2E8AC8515EE486F7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="D006A88B49D32D227CB4AC583C5D77F9">
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<mods:title id="56B33E0F23E1FB6F921F8705D4DF52AE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="D8D889AF2DC374BA4D6635CE3CE126ED">
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<mods:date id="6157DB165ED7CDAA6D335E9F2372EF9E">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="F2DE79F1589AEBD31A9E6FFD4ABAF272" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="9C0F0364DEE12CD7AE973E258EDF6895">1368</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="049DF88D7EE1DFCD3C4EB41E82B56777">49</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="B1719D29D34613744C783A0103B8C1EF">56</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location id="0C092D89F2C4774BC91BB598E77910C0">
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<mods:url id="17609B6A9D312B0F73CE78230A6F0E6A">http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:268B8AA4-0A63-46E1-B4E7-563C0B0D9D3C</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="6E6ECB7AD585AC15BCC9434352DEF67C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6B0B463812795BC6FBE69F188E4E01AA" type="Plazi-Custom">z01368p049</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BE373DAD8059B963043BD509EF57F8CE" type="ZooBank">268B8AA4-0A63-46E1-B4E7-563C0B0D9D3C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="2BAB6A080ED3196A18AD55545FB0EE6B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6262747" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100124043" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6262747" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2BAB6A080ED3196A18AD55545FB0EE6B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2BAB6A080ED3196A18AD55545FB0EE6B" lastPageNumber="55" pageNumber="50">
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<subSubSection id="1214A705717216A0E9178FC081ED39BB" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2691998A05F2D1430900D55682D7E549" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName id="A8626C1FBF7D7E6783B5F21ECAB042C8" ID-CoL="4T7H9" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kayapo">Rivulus kayapo</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B2245AF66F08F8177018B5DFCEAB309F" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C6B0E9270B973DF39A6E7C9C13479FE7" type="description">
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<paragraph id="840E22B0DEED8AC574CC185EBB8CCBE4" pageNumber="50">(Figs. 1-2)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4D9FA43F779F48283F28F538A6328C09" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FE5961BC818569259810909559A4697D" lastPageNumber="51" pageNumber="50">
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<materialsCitation id="F4336497E594F4DEE7039CCA3FEF6124" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923899158" collectingDate="2006-04-11" collectionCode="UFRJ" collectorName="W. J. E. M. Costa, C. P. Bove, J. Paz" country="Brazil" latitude="-16.697887" location="stream near km 52 of road GO-221, Rio Bonito drainage, upper Rio Caiapo basin (itself a part of the Rio Araguaia basin)" longitude="-51.420444" specimenCode="UFRJ 6380" stateProvince="Estado de Goias" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<typeStatus id="05B1FADAD21ECA3B517269E8F38D7B2E">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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<specimenCode id="329410018C71E5942B5D6CD89E1AA127">
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<collectionCode id="20ABA8922CD9B16A149EFDB3A9ED5B8F" collectionName="UFRJ">UFRJ</collectionCode>
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6380
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</specimenCode>
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(male, 28.7 mm SL);
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<collectingCountry id="B5CFB980A6102B1C33D0A66747905FEF">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="5FFDD447B906E4A43FDE9A998820187C">
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Estado de
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<normalizedToken id="DC9860DBB6112C53493731CE0D908E34" originalValue="Goiás">Goias</normalizedToken>
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</collectingRegion>
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:
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<location id="8FCB5E4B2C87E39B73A07CD791D25E87" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2BAB6A080ED3196A18AD55545FB0EE6B:8FCB5E4B2C87E39B73A07CD791D25E87" country="Brazil" latitude="-16.697887" longitude="-51.420444" name="stream near km 52 of road GO-221, Rio Bonito drainage, upper Rio Caiapo basin (itself a part of the Rio Araguaia basin)" stateProvince="Estado de Goias">
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stream near km 52 of road GO-221, Rio Bonito drainage, upper Rio
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<normalizedToken id="BD11E332E9B4CDD111B24F84C5DFA57E" originalValue="Caiapó">Caiapo</normalizedToken>
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basin (itself a part of the Rio Araguaia basin)
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</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="31E1D6EDE8365FF9D2F4579649A8056A" direction="south" orientation="latitude" value="-16.697887">16°41’52.4”S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="33829C8B10C15A99F5A119F8BDE73515" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-51.420444">51°25’13.6”W</geoCoordinate>
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, altitude 685 m;
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<collectorName id="C0F9A88FED43B68AAD0DEF3D30DBBD79">W. J. E. M. Costa, C. P. Bove & J. Paz</collectorName>
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,
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<collectingDate id="7A263A68AF69ADCF2DAE585E66DCCFF7" day="11" month="04">
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11
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<collectingDate id="BCFCB2B72B95E9720FCA44C3BFE05E15" month="04" value="2006-04" year="2006">April 2006</collectingDate>
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</collectingDate>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C9E43F57A9261D65F9CA2286BADBDBC4" pageNumber="51">
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<materialsCitation id="0042D621A9329B61C330D2035808551E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923899159" collectingDate="2006-04-11" collectionCode="UFRJ, MCP" collectorName="W. J. E. M. Costa, C. P. Bove, J. Paz" country="Brazil" latitude="-16.697887" location="stream near km 52 of road GO-221, Rio Bonito drainage, upper Rio Caiapo basin (itself a part of the Rio Araguaia basin)" longitude="-51.420444" specimenCode="UFRJ 6381, UFRJ 6382, MCP 40140" stateProvince="Estado de Goias" typeStatus="Paratypes">
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<typeStatus id="8419B784049EA5D38130D5A7DB10C0B6">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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<specimenCode id="DDD9F1CF029A8BC22DF05708AE1FB761">
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<collectionCode id="65529E4C4885D6C3DB68DA3866D3FA8E" collectionName="UFRJ">UFRJ</collectionCode>
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6381
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</specimenCode>
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(6 males, 21.2-27.1 mm SL; 6 females, 23.5-27.4 mm SL);
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<specimenCode id="88C2D11CC42E13EBA2EAB8672E147212">
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<collectionCode id="411374D0F18000C7C249BABE0BCF8A8A" collectionName="UFRJ">UFRJ</collectionCode>
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6382
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</specimenCode>
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(3 males, 21.4-26.7 mm SL; 2 females, 22.4-25.3 mm SL) (c&s);
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<specimenCode id="44348AD01C8F255797AB6E8AD7961D35">
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<collectionCode id="C69A89828106240B6CF90B9FCF204A55" collectionName="MCP">MCP</collectionCode>
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40140
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</specimenCode>
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, (2 males, 22.9-24.4 mm SL; 1 female, 23.0 mm SL); all collected with holotype.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DCE2D131680148CD43F4060713B6EF17" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="CE9C70BEA542200313F1A3F38F789FF9" pageNumber="51">
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Diagnosis. Distinguished from all other species of the
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<taxonomicName id="EB36B31314CF1E9C2A3730EF038E50BC" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:089B99CF-4A7B-4D32-9C0C-17750DE26936" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus punctatus Boulenger 1895:3" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">Rivulus punctatus group</taxonomicName>
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in having a unique color pattern on flanks and caudal fin in males, consisting of: (a) flanks with red dots arranged in longitudinal rows, overlapping red dots arranged in oblique rows, which together form a red reticulate pattern, and (b) caudal fin golden, with red, vertically elongated spots on central portion of fin, light blue without marks on marginal zone (vs. never a similar color pattern). It differs from all species of the
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<taxonomicName id="B20C2E57F9F5A4219DFFA759403E12D1" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:089B99CF-4A7B-4D32-9C0C-17750DE26936" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus punctatus Boulenger 1895:3" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">R. punctatus group</taxonomicName>
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except
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<taxonomicName id="5E9A4DEC60A9DFC7091CE921C7DE9353" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E17BF69B-FD46-4450-82AF-D7A41492BFD1" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus pinima Costa 1989:528" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pinima">R. pinima</taxonomicName>
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in possessing longitudinal rows of red dots along the entire flanks (vs. longitudinal rows of red absent or vestigial and restricted to anterior portion of flanks), reduction of black pigmentation on head (vs. intensely pigmented), and presence of longitudinally elongated white mark above caudal spot in females (vs. absence).
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<taxonomicName id="29D9902AE2576187F646E0C65DB3417B" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kayapo">Rivulus kayapo</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="D1B6F0E66F09603AB604239D41AE46A6" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E17BF69B-FD46-4450-82AF-D7A41492BFD1" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus pinima Costa 1989:528" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pinima">R. pinima</taxonomicName>
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by having more caudal-fin rays (32-34 vs. 30-31), dorsal-fin origin on a vertical through base of 9th anal-fin ray (vs. between base of 7th and 8th anal-fin rays), and fewer scales in both longitudinal series (32-33 vs. 36-37) and transverse series (8 vs. 10).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="37B439B2FBFDFDB78B43EE581A12B8CC" type="description">
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<paragraph id="27B130F0389511F9608794D4CBF5B08E" pageNumber="51">Description. Morphometric data appear in Table 1. Males larger than females, the largest male examined 28.7 mm SL; largest female examined 27.4 mm SL. Dorsal profile slightly convex from snout to end of dorsal-fin base, nearly straight on caudal peduncle. Ventral profile gently convex from lower jaw to anal-fin origin, approximately straight to end of caudal peduncle. Body slender, compressed, the greatest body depth at level of pelvic-fin base. Snout short and rounded.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="97CEE097AAB5464476CBBE29C3B22BBD" pageNumber="51">Dorsal and anal fins rounded and without filaments in both sexes. Pectoral fin rounded, its posterior margin reaching about 60-70 % of distance between pectoral and pelvic-fin bases. Pelvic fins short, slightly pointed in males, elliptical in females; tip of each pelvic fin reaching urogenital papilla in males and anus in females. Pelvic-fin bases medially in close proximity. Dorsal-fin origin on vertical through base of 9th anal-fin ray, between neural spines of vertebrae 19 and 20. Anal-fin origin between pleural ribs of vertebrae 14 and 16. Dorsal-fin rays 9-11; anal-fin rays 12-14; caudal-fin rays 32-34; pectoral-fin rays 13-14; pelvic-fin rays 7.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F2786DD0D37E8954BEFA05FC6E34E566" pageNumber="51">Scales large and cycloid. Body and head entirely scaled, except on ventral surface of head. No scales on dorsal and anal-fin bases. Scales extending on anterior 30% of caudal fin. Frontal squamation E-patterned; E-scales not overlapping; row of scales anterior to H- scale; three supraorbital scales. Longitudinal series of scales 32-33; transverse series of scales 8; scale rows around caudal peduncle 16. No contact organs on scales and fin rays.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B9D3A433D6E2588CF13DC1DE42B8C64" pageNumber="51">Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 3 + 3, parietal 2, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 1 + 9 + 1 + 1, preorbital 2, otic 1, post-otic 2, supratemporal 1, median opercular 1, ventral opercular 1, preopercular 2 + 5, mandibular 4 + 1, lateral mandibular 1, paramandibular 1. Lateral line interrupted, with alternating sets of 3-4 scales with one neuromast and without neuromasts. Two neuromasts on caudal-fin base.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="21FC483794E6021AA3F0BB6008200178" pageNumber="52">Basihyal subtriangular, its greatest width about 50% of length; basihyal cartilage about 20% of total length of basihyal. Six branchiostegal rays. Second pharyngobranchial teeth absent. Gill-rakers on first branchial arch 1 + 7. Vomerine teeth 4. Dermosphenotic present. Ventral process of posttemporal absent. Total vertebrae 31.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4D9D1A702C14D854A0AC10BB987385DF" lastPageNumber="53" pageNumber="52">Coloration. Males. Sides of body golden to greenish golden, purplish blue above analfin base, with red dots arranged in longitudinal rows overlapping red dots arranged in oblique rows between vertical through pelvic-fin base and caudal-fin base, forming a red reticulate pattern. Dorsum light brown. Venter light gray. Sides of head golden. Jaws gray. Iris pale yellow. Dorsal fin light blue, with three transverse red stripes; basal portion golden. Anal fin light blue, with distal portion yellow, red stripe on fin base and transverse sub-basal row of red dots. Caudal fin golden, with red, vertically elongated spots on central portion of fin and light blue without marks on marginal zone. Pectoral and pelvic fins yellowish hyaline.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7C7288D18B3F65CA7CB86BB2F63A0374" pageNumber="53">Females. Sides of head and trunk light brown, with golden iridescence; two oblique rows of dark brown spots on opercular region and anterior portion of flank. Flanks with red dots simultaneously arranged longitudinally and in rows. Dorsum light brown. Venter light gray. Jaws gray. Iris pale yellow. Dorsal fins pale yellow, with faint brown spots; distal portion pale blue, with dark gray to black margins. Anal fin pale blue on basal and distal portions, pale yellow on middle portion, and dark gray to black distal margin. Caudal fin pale yellow, with faint brown spots, posterodistal portion pale blue; dark gray to black margin; black spot, dorsally margined by white zone, on dorsal portion of caudalfin base. Pectoral and pelvic fins yellowish hyaline; anterior margin of pelvic fin dark gray to black.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3E1142C0EE79E49F1187D0F9A204D74D" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="5F9CF856D1B052C338E74862AF7DC7E1" pageNumber="53">
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Distribution and habitat. Known only from the type locality, a small stream draining the serra dos
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<normalizedToken id="58C76349EC2F513E2CF9FF0FB0FC0FB8" originalValue="Caiapós">Caiapos</normalizedToken>
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, upper rio Araguaia basin, in a savannah area (Fig. 3).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4B05A8A03C73A4791AD296E7DBF4A58E" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="63D8CC2A05719E90D8BA7C4C67412B0E" lastPageNumber="54" pageNumber="53">
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Adult specimens were collected along the stream margin, about 30 cm deep; and juveniles were found in adjacent floodplains, about 3 cm deep. At the stream margin, the water was clear, 26.2ºC at 5:00 PM, and pH 5.40. The only other fish species collected was
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<taxonomicName id="B3442EB9DE3AFCA5F1145B1A64652B02" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:11935362-9CF9-45DE-B468-1146B01BD980" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Aspidoras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Aspidoras Ihering 1907:30, 31" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aspidoras</taxonomicName>
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sp. (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C76A501E3502003572E90BE594A0900F" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="9E414DEEE690CD7839119282FAEF7CF3" pageNumber="54">
|
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Etymology.
|
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|
<normalizedToken id="BE76D809CB0D57BD990D06C92BF1EF43" originalValue="Kayapó">Kayapo</normalizedToken>
|
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|
|
is the name of an indigenous tribe of people inhabiting the hills where the new species was collected, locally named serra dos
|
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|
|
<normalizedToken id="887393E3593B64CFAA7580A89CACD5B4" originalValue="Caiapós">Caiapos</normalizedToken>
|
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|
|
.
|
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|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
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|
|
<subSubSection id="10832792C10C705B98186070713A82E5" type="discussion">
|
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|
|
<paragraph id="132465A21E9F785EABB88C6A8C54A5A9" pageNumber="54">Discussion</paragraph>
|
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|
|
<paragraph id="D47052ADA6A4FB9505697CB1E0CD2FDC" pageNumber="54">
|
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|
|
<taxonomicName id="FBB5FDB0ED1EB2EB2F9E2E4C45DFD4B6" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kayapo">Rivulus kayapo</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is a member of an assemblage known as the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BC2E6432A78ECEF900CC56914F6F07A9" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:089B99CF-4A7B-4D32-9C0C-17750DE26936" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus punctatus Boulenger 1895:3" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">Rivulus punctatus species group</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(Costa, 1995a; 1998), diagnosed by several synapomorphies, including dorsal portion of preopercle short and pointed, two black oblique bars or rows of spots on the post-orbital region, melanophores concentrated on margins of unpaired and pelvic fins in females, and females with a black spot on the upper portion of caudal fin separated from caudal-fin margin (Costa, 1998, 2006). Among species of this group, a subgroup comprising species endemic to the central Brazilian plateau (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DBDCDB1D8B7DC27B7BBC6FC8EB26A4B8" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:673744D8-BF31-4FC5-98F4-B64275067211" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus apiamici Costa 1989:527" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apiamici">Rivulus apiamici</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6988B56E2A71E2D09F7D7816C377AB5C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F994E9F1-746F-4AFB-B353-A94DCEC09208" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus egens Costa 2005:80" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="egens">R. egens</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="32E82196EC41678257F87BA5A985B4ED" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6115059E-1509-4E8C-9340-B75C71C22325" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus litteratus Costa 2005:75" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litteratus">R. litteratus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4BE376B388CC91CA002C431A86F00F83" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C04F2FD5-AA10-4030-91E7-8F51A3F9DDE4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus pictus Costa 1989:525" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">R. pictus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="38036A78A217051C270BBF449880A66E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E17BF69B-FD46-4450-82AF-D7A41492BFD1" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus pinima Costa 1989:528" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pinima">R. pinima</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="86FFE8ED5FD199B687FD0B1AF2BD211D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:89BF40A6-F387-4704-9A48-A2B5FBBDA8FC" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus rutilicaudus Costa 2005:77" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rutilicaudus">R. rutilicaudus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F57486E12D32323768041CF59161E19E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4DC591CF-6877-42E5-B919-916ABC4B8D84" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus scalaris Costa 2005:78" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scalaris">R. scalaris</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="62BBC831FA4B5D31C889800D72B8CB8E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EE13E12D-FA49-48A0-8722-AD577DBAF509" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus vittatus Costa 1989:530" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittatus">R. vittatus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
) is diagnosed by two apomorphic features: ventral process of angulo-articular vestigial (Costa, 1998, 2006) and flank greenish golden to metallic greenish blue in males (Costa, 2005, 2006).
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2CE2B2C4A1AECBCA20C9AF467FDBFC9C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kayapo">Rivulus kayapo</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
exhibits both apomorphic features of the central Brazilian plateau clade.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="C3D467535381E6598EE4EA3142D6DF8C" lastPageNumber="55" pageNumber="54">
|
|||
|
|
Although a study on phylogenetic relationships among species of the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8493B8F626F30808B1999D5BABAE42B6" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:089B99CF-4A7B-4D32-9C0C-17750DE26936" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus punctatus Boulenger 1895:3" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">R. punctatus group</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is beyond the scope of the present paper, some remarkable unique features shared by
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2DAAFC7233142A7F9B9AB6DE654A5B17" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kayapo">R. kayapo</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7DB28849D0140A8D918F80387B47DCD9" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E17BF69B-FD46-4450-82AF-D7A41492BFD1" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus pinima Costa 1989:528" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pinima">R. pinima</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
suggest a close relationships between these two species. These include: presence of longitudinal rows of red dots along entire length of both flanks (vs. longitudinal rows of red dots, when present, is vestigial, and restricted to anterior portions of flanks); absence of red bars on caudal fin and oblique bars on flanks of both sexes (vs. presence); reduction of black pigmentation on head (vs. intensely pigmented); and presence of longitudinally elongated white mark above the caudal spot in females (vs. absence).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="CD039E91E1E30ED883B4D65C51A59268" pageNumber="55">
|
|||
|
|
Besides
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B38BB9934D3679937423D9192F631B05" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kayapo">R. kayapo</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, two species of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0BC67423F7F0AE313ABA6AB0DCF7B9E2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7737CC47-FB47-4DAF-87C2-18950BAD40FA" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus Poey 1860:307" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rivulus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
are known to occur in the rio Araguaia basin:
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3D686C9F5EE942557AD18C117B05EBE" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6115059E-1509-4E8C-9340-B75C71C22325" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus litteratus Costa 2005:75" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litteratus">R. litteratus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, a species of a central Brazilian plateau clade, endemic to the upper section of the main channel of the Rio Araguaia (Costa, 2005), and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2DC792A2C33B5F9FC5B4476FDAF55107" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:933BED4E-FCE6-4E30-B75A-370565D5E5B7" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus zygonectes Myers 1927:127" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zygonectes">R. zygonectes</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, a species with a broad geographic distribution in the Araguaia, Tocantins, Xingu and
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken id="3FF1B30DACA3494FFCE6B7CFC070267F" originalValue="Tapajós">Tapajos</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
river basins (Costa, 1995a). They may be distinguished according to characters presented in the key below.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="76810F1AC7ABFE31972DC294F817EE67" type="key">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8725E3BE1AF2D051476AE00C991BBA2A" pageNumber="55">
|
|||
|
|
Key to species of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="57DBBFC5D7EDF1A41433564D4CBDEC93" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7737CC47-FB47-4DAF-87C2-18950BAD40FA" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus Poey 1860:307" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rivulus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
from the Rio Araguaia-Tocantins basin
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="69E8EA91C71041D1073B26BF9401F87D" pageNumber="55">1a. 31-33 scales in longitudinal series; ground color of flanks metallic green to greenish golden in males; no dark gray stripe along flank in males ............................................ 2</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="29EB2E9547567813C25B93D0294E7810" pageNumber="55">
|
|||
|
|
1b. 33-35 scales in longitudinal series; color ground of flanks light brown to pale purplish brown in males; dark gray stripe along flank in males, most visible when live individuals are exposed to sunlight ......................................................................
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B61F809A822BB20CAB42D8013EE9C580" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:933BED4E-FCE6-4E30-B75A-370565D5E5B7" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus zygonectes Myers 1927:127" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zygonectes">R. zygonectes</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="EBB63CC7B4C3B0AB9EC3E72A9B5D7E49" pageNumber="55">
|
|||
|
|
2a. Dorsal-fin origin on vertical through base of 7th or 8th anal-fin ray; tip of each pelvic fin reaching base of 1st or 2nd anal-fin ray in males; frontal squamation F-patterned; red bars and spots on flanks in males; bars on caudal fin in both sexes ............
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CC61F266AFCA4C0A5CD1530BD4BA99FB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6115059E-1509-4E8C-9340-B75C71C22325" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus litteratus Costa 2005:75" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litteratus">R. litteratus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8CF4F779EE7FE75A1E13AC162BC9FD7E" pageNumber="55">
|
|||
|
|
2b. Dorsal-fin origin on vertical through base of 9th anal-fin ray; tip of each pelvic fin reaching urogenital papilla in males; frontal squamation E-patterned; red reticulate pattern on flank in males; no bars on caudal fin .............................................
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DE363D07E633EDCD0427F78AC814B3E6" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kayapo">R. kayapo</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|