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<document id="C1371D2FE36E7E44CDCEAC4EC7C6ED06" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3985.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0a09b779-2166-4305-9d3e-53effb06f108" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="253532" ID-ZooBank="46DE9DD6-55E3-4BF5-A2AF-A058A0294A72" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461257984528" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W., Congdon, T. Colin E. &amp; Collins, Steve C." docDate="2015" docId="F37C6616FFDFFFC9A0B6FE9DDA3AFED8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03985p348.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3985 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Artitropa milleri subsp. coryndon Evans 1937" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="316" masterDocId="0F451E6EFFD1FFD9A021FFF2DB4CFFC5" masterDocTitle="Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 8. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dracaena Feeders" masterLastPageNumber="348" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="315" updateTime="1698608568688" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="E740780CF76D48776FAE1944A94E259B">Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 8. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dracaena Feeders</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="46FC997B79D7793AFF4B30A70C90D0A8">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F0546205ACDE21DEBB166BFF576CE99C">Congdon, T. Colin E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6913565CE137EBE352FAC8A4447A317B">Collins, Steve C.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFDFFFD7A0B6FE9DD93FFE4F" blockId="14.[151,627,367,394]" box="[151,627,367,394]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
<heading id="2022606CFFDFFFD7A0B6FE9DD93FFE4F" bold="true" box="[151,627,367,394]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDFFFD7A0B6FE9DD93FFE4F" ID-CoL="5FSR2" authority="Evans, 1937" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,627,367,394]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="milleri" subSpecies="coryndon">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A0B6FE9DD93FFE4F" bold="true" box="[151,627,367,394]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A0B6FE9DDA9AFE4C" bold="true" box="[151,470,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Artitropa milleri coryndon</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFDFFFD7A1FCFE82D93FFE4F" author="Evans" box="[477,627,368,394]" firstAuthor="Evans" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refId="ref30531" refString="Evans, W. H. (1937) A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, 212 pp., 30 plates." type="book" year="1937">Evans, 1937</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="33CF848BFFDFFFD7A0B6FE44DB9AFD46" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFDFFFD7A0B6FE44DB9AFD46" blockId="14.[151,1437,438,2011]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
Based on material from Nairobi,
<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFDFFFD7A22BFE45D9ECFE0A" author="Evans" box="[522,672,439,463]" firstAuthor="Evans" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refId="ref30531" refString="Evans, W. H. (1937) A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, 212 pp., 30 plates." type="book" year="1937">Evans (1937)</bibRefCitation>
named subspecies
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A359FE44D8AEFE0A" box="[888,994,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">coryndon</emphasis>
after the Coryndon Memorial Museum (now National Museums of
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFDFFFD7A1F3FE29D952FE36" box="[466,542,475,499]" name="Kenya" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, NMK), where the
<typeStatus id="A46E69A2FFDFFFD7A2D9FE29D864FE36" box="[760,808,475,499]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">type</typeStatus>
is held. This subspecies was reported to be restricted to the Central Highlands of
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFDFFFD7A194FE0DD94DFDD2" box="[437,513,511,535]" name="Kenya" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, and there are specimens from Mt.
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFDFFFD7A3B2FE0DD890FDD2" box="[915,988,511,535]" name="Kenya" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Kenya</collectingCountry>
(
<quantity id="BC2D7AE5FFDFFFD7A3CDFE0DDF72FDD2" box="[1004,1086,511,535]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.83" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" unit="m" value="1830.0">1830m</quantity>
,
<quantity id="BC2D7AE5FFDFFFD7A46BFE0CDFD2FDD2" box="[1098,1182,510,535]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8288" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" unit="ft" value="6000.0">6000 ft</quantity>
.) in the BMNH. It has been recorded recently from Kakamega Forest, western
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFDFFFD7A32CFDD1D81AFDFE" box="[781,854,547,571]" name="Kenya" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Kenya</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFDFFFD7A344FDD0DF78FDFE" author="Kuhne" box="[869,1076,546,571]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kuhne" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" pagination="161 - 174" refId="ref31500" refString="Kuhne, L., Collins, S. C. &amp; Kinuthia, W. (2004) Check-list of the butterflies of the Kakamega Forest Nature Reserve in western Kenya (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea). Nachrichten des Entomologischer Verein Apollo N. F., 25 (4), 161 - 174." type="journal article" year="2004">
Kühne
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A398FDD6D8A5FDFE" box="[953,1001,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
), but we refer to this population as
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDFFFD7A094FDB5DA6CFD9A" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1925" box="[181,288,582,607]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="milleri">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A094FDB5DB8AFD9B" box="[181,198,583,606]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A0F4FDB4DA6CFD9A" box="[213,288,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">milleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
SCC01(Kakamega) below. It was described from Nairobi, and
<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFDFFFD7A3C5FDB5DFCEFD9A" author="Larsen" box="[996,1154,583,607]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refId="ref31559" refString="Larsen, T. B. (1991) The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 490 pp." type="book" year="1991">Larsen (1991)</bibRefCitation>
says it is not uncommon there.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFDFFFD7A0E6FD7DDF11FC9F" blockId="14.[151,1437,438,2011]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
MJWC has found caterpillars of this subspecies at Thika (at about
<quantity id="BC2D7AE5FFDFFFD7A3EBFD7CDF56FD62" box="[970,1050,654,679]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500m</quantity>
, on the same plants as
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDFFFD7A509FD7DDA69FD0E" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="erinnys" subSpecies="vansomereni">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A509FD7DDA69FD0E" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">A. erinnys vansomereni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and Tigoni (about
<quantity id="BC2D7AE5FFDFFFD7A229FD41D916FD0E" box="[520,602,691,715]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.13" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" unit="m" value="2130.0">2130m</quantity>
), but not in Nairobi itself (about
<quantity id="BC2D7AE5FFDFFFD7A3F0FD40DF6FFD0E" box="[977,1059,690,715]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.66" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" unit="m" value="1660.0">1660m</quantity>
), where he found only
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDFFFD7A508FD41DA69FD2B" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="erinnys" subSpecies="vansomereni">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A508FD41DA69FD2B" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">A. erinnys vansomereni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Similarly, in the Van Someren collection in the BMNH accessions there are just three specimens from Ngong, but none from Nairobi. SCC has reared it from Nairobi, Kibirigwe (Nyiiri) and Meru; it was commoner than
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDFFFD7A0ECFCEDDA9EFCF3" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1925" box="[205,466,799,822]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="erinnys" subSpecies="vansomereni">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A0ECFCEDDA9EFCF3" box="[205,466,799,822]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">A. erinnys vansomereni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at Meru. V.G.L. Van Someren reared this species and although he did not document the early stages, material was available to
<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFDFFFD7A266FCB1D990FC9E" author="Evans" box="[583,732,835,859]" firstAuthor="Evans" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refId="ref30531" refString="Evans, W. H. (1937) A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, 212 pp., 30 plates." type="book" year="1937">Evans (1937)</bibRefCitation>
when he described ssp.
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A3CDFCB0DF1AFC9E" box="[1004,1110,834,859]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">coryndon</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="33CF848BFFDFFFD7A0E6FC94DAC4FBF6" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFDFFFD7A0E6FC94DAC4FBF6" blockId="14.[151,1437,438,2011]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A0E6FC94DA17FCBA" bold="true" box="[199,347,870,895]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Food plants.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFDFFFD7A143FC95DACDFCBA" box="[354,385,871,895]" name="American Samoa" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">As</collectingCountry>
discussed under ssp.
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDFFFD7A255FC94D9F3FCBA" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1925" box="[628,703,870,895]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="milleri">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A255FC94D9F3FCBA" box="[628,703,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">milleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
above,
<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFDFFFD7A336FC95DF4CFCBA" author="Van Someren" box="[791,1024,871,895]" firstAuthor="Van Someren" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" pagination="315" refId="ref33112" refString="Van Someren, V. G. L. (1974) List of foodplants of some East African Rhopalocera, with notes on the early stages of some Lycaenidae. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 28, 315 - 331." type="journal article" year="1974">Van Someren (1974)</bibRefCitation>
lists
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDFFFD7A41DFC95DFE0FCBB" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1874" box="[1084,1196,871,894]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mannii">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A41DFC95DFE0FCBB" box="[1084,1196,871,894]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">D. mannii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDFFFD7A4FAFC94DE38FCBA" box="[1243,1396,870,895]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="usambarensis">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A4FAFC94DE38FCBA" box="[1243,1396,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">usambarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) as the food plant of
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDFFFD7A140FC79DA81FC66" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1925" box="[353,461,906,931]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="milleri">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A140FC79DA81FC66" box="[353,461,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">A. milleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘and subspecies’, but it is not clear whether this is based on one or both subspecies. Given that Van Someren reared
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDFFFD7A230FC5DD988FC02" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[529,708,942,967]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="milleri" subSpecies="coryndon">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A230FC5DD988FC02" box="[529,708,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">A. m. coryndon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and there are no specimens of
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDFFFD7A463FC5DDF9BFC02" authorityName="milleri Riley" authorityYear="1925" box="[1090,1239,942,967]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="milleri" subSpecies="milleri">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A463FC5DDF9BFC02" box="[1090,1239,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">A. m. milleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in his collection (BMNH accessions), we assume this record should be referred to
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDFFFD7A356FC21DF6EFC2E" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[887,1058,978,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="milleri" subSpecies="coryndon">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A356FC21DF6EFC2E" box="[887,1058,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">A. m. coryndon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFDFFFD7A411FC21DF81FC2E" author="Larsen" box="[1072,1229,979,1003]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refId="ref31559" refString="Larsen, T. B. (1991) The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 490 pp." type="book" year="1991">Larsen (1991)</bibRefCitation>
indicates the food plants are
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDFFFD7A12AFC05DA37FBCB" box="[267,379,1015,1038]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A12AFC05DA37FBCB" box="[267,379,1015,1038]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Dracaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
including
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDFFFD7A1D5FC05D933FBCA" box="[500,639,1014,1039]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="steudneri">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A1D5FC05D933FBCA" box="[500,639,1014,1039]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">D. steudneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the suburbs of Nairobi. SCC has also reared it from
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDFFFD7A4D1FC05DED0FBCA" box="[1264,1436,1015,1039]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afromontana">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A4D1FC05DED0FBCA" box="[1264,1436,1015,1039]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">D afromontana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in high Meru,
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFDFFFD7A116FBE9DAC8FBF6" box="[311,388,1051,1075]" name="Kenya" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Kenya</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="33CF848BFFDFFFC9A0E6FBCCDA3AFED8" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="317" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="description">
<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFDFFFD7A0E6FBCCD929FB5A" blockId="14.[151,1437,438,2011]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A0E6FBCCDA54FB92" bold="true" box="[199,280,1086,1111]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Ovum.</emphasis>
Working in
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFDFFFD7A184FBCDDABDFB92" box="[421,497,1087,1111]" name="Kenya" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, MJWC did not distinguish the ova from those of
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDFFFD7A405FBCDDE60FB93" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1925" box="[1060,1324,1087,1110]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="erinnys" subSpecies="vansomereni">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A405FBCDDE60FB93" box="[1060,1324,1087,1110]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">A. erinnys vansomereni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although examination of preserved material suggests that the ova are indistinguishable. The newly hatched caterpillar eats the shell of the ovum except for the base.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFDFFFD7A0E6FB58DAEAFA97" blockId="14.[151,1437,438,2011]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A0E6FB58DA2DFB06" bold="true" box="[199,353,1194,1219]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Leaf shelters</emphasis>
. The young caterpillars make leaf rolls similar to those described for
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDFFFD7A45CFB59DE0BFB06" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1925" box="[1149,1351,1195,1219]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="erinnys" subSpecies="vansomereni">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A45CFB59DE0BFB06" box="[1149,1351,1195,1219]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">A. e. vansomereni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
below; when young caterpillars of the first three instars were collected together at Thika, neither they nor their shelters were distinguished (although examination of preserved material shows that the third instars although similar can be distinguished). The pupal shelter was a large flap rolled under from the edge of the leaf, with a vertical silk screen just in front of the pupa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFDFFFD7A0E6FAACD8C9F9EE" blockId="14.[151,1437,438,2011]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A0E6FAACDA1DFAB2" bold="true" box="[199,337,1374,1399]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Caterpillar.</emphasis>
Examination of preserved remains indicates that there are normally five instars, and so they are recognised as such here. The heads of instars 2 to 5 measured 1.04 x 1.15 (n=7), 1.44 x 1.60 (n=8), 2.19 x 2.47 (n=15), and 3.42 x 3.95 (n=7) mm wide x high. Instar 2 has a plain dark head. The head of the instar 3 caterpillar is dark, with a diffuse brown marking on the face, which outlines dorsally and laterally a more or less heart-shaped dark marking in the centre of the face. This heart shaped marking is variable in size and clarity, measuring 0.9 (range 0.78–1.10) x 0.83 (range 0.75–0.98) mm wide x high (n=7).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFDFFFD7A0E6F9C5DB92F856" blockId="14.[151,1437,438,2011]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
A fourth instar caterpillar (88/52B1) measured
<quantity id="BC2D7AE5FFDFFFD7A2F4F9C5D850F98A" box="[725,796,1591,1615]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" unit="mm" value="20.0">20mm</quantity>
when described six days before moulting. Head 2.1 x
<quantity id="BC2D7AE5FFDFFFD7A558F9C5DB8FF9B7" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
wide x high; light brown with dark markings; posterior margin broadly dark to edge of face; heart- or V-shaped marking in upper 2/3 of face, bordered, except at ventral point, with a very light brown margin; stemmata dark with dark spot anterior to them. Pronotum on posterior margin; narrow, black, stopping short of spiracles; body dull grey-green, with narrow, pale lateral line where trachea visible through cuticle; paler below this; anal plate translucent; male gonads yellow, conspicuous; spiracles inconspicuous; all legs concolorous. The size of the head varies from 1.92–2.35 x
<quantity id="BC2D7AE5FFDFFFD7A18FF8FCD906F8E2" box="[430,586,1806,1831]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.455" metricValueMax="2.67" metricValueMin="2.24" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" unit="mm" value="2.455" valueMax="2.67" valueMin="2.24">2.24–2.67mm</quantity>
wide x high in 15 individuals. The markings also vary, the central heart or V-shape was on average
<quantity id="BC2D7AE5FFDFFFD7A196F8C1D95FF88E" box="[439,531,1843,1867]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.40mm</quantity>
wide, but varied from
<quantity id="BC2D7AE5FFDFFFD7A300F8C1D897F88E" box="[801,987,1842,1867]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.275" metricValueMax="1.57" metricValueMin="0.98" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" unit="mm" value="1.275" valueMax="1.57" valueMin="0.98">0.98 to 1.57mm</quantity>
, and on average was
<quantity id="BC2D7AE5FFDFFFD7A4F6F8C1DE7FF88E" box="[1239,1331,1843,1867]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.39" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" unit="mm" value="1.39">1.39mm</quantity>
high but varied from
<quantity id="BC2D7AE5FFDFFFD7A102F8A5DA96F8AA" box="[291,474,1878,1903]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.53" metricValueMax="1.96" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" unit="mm" value="1.53" valueMax="1.96" valueMin="1.1">1.10 to 1.96mm</quantity>
; the shape of the dorsal notch varied from a narrow V to a U-shape to a square sided shape.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFDFFFD6A0E6F86CDE1CFD6D" blockId="14.[151,1437,438,2011]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,151,680]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="316" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
The mature caterpillar (
<figureCitation id="E3EECB85FFDFFFD7A1F0F86CD90DF872" box="[465,577,1950,1975]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1340,1362]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,735,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,735,1315]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Final instar caterpillar of Artitropa milleri coryndon, collected on Dracaena steudneri, Thika, Kenya. 1 – 2, collected 22 Dec 1988; moulted to final instar 11 Jan 1989; photographed 16 Jan 89; pupated 27 Jan; 88 / 122 E; 1, head, lateral view; 2, head, anterolateral view. 3, anterodorsolateral view; collected 26 Jun 1988; moulted to final instar 12 Jul 1988; photographed 18 Jul, pupated 27 Jul; 88 / 52 B 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253545/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Figure 12</figureCitation>
) is a little smaller than that of
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDFFFD7A3BEF86DDFE4F873" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1925" box="[927,1192,1951,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="erinnys" subSpecies="vansomereni">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A3BEF86DDFE4F873" box="[927,1192,1951,1974]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">A. erinnys vansomereni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which overlaps with
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDFFFD7A0B6F831DA0EF81E" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,322,1986,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="milleri" subSpecies="coryndon">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A0B6F831DA0EF81E" box="[151,322,1986,2011]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">A. m. coryndon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in distribution; on average the head capsule of
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDFFFD7A374F836D8AFF81E" box="[853,995,1988,2011]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">vansomereni</emphasis>
measures 3.66 x
<quantity id="BC2D7AE5FFDFFFD7A487F831DE46F81F" box="[1190,1290,1987,2011]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.41" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" unit="mm" value="4.41">4.41 mm</quantity>
wide x high, whereas that of
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDEFFD6A16CFF65DAFBFF75" box="[333,439,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">coryndon</emphasis>
measures 3.42 (range 3.14–3.65) x 3.95 (range 3.88–4.08) mm (n=7).
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFDEFFD6A4FCFF6ADFB0FF75" box="[1245,1276,152,176]" name="American Samoa" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">As</collectingCountry>
<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFDEFFD6A525FF6ADED0FF75" author="Evans" box="[1284,1436,152,176]" firstAuthor="Evans" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" refId="ref30531" refString="Evans, W. H. (1937) A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, 212 pp., 30 plates." type="book" year="1937">Evans (1937)</bibRefCitation>
noted when comparing
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDEFFD6A183FF4ED903FF10" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[418,591,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="milleri" subSpecies="coryndon">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDEFFD6A183FF4ED903FF10" box="[418,591,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">A. m. coryndon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDEFFD6A2A6FF4ED81DFF11" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1925" box="[647,849,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="erinnys" subSpecies="vansomereni">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDEFFD6A2A6FF4ED81DFF11" box="[647,849,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">A. e. vansomereni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘the early stages have been found to be remarkably different’ and this particularly applies to the final instar caterpillars (
<figureCitation id="E3EECB85FFDEFFD6A3BEFF2DDF55FF3D" box="[927,1049,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1340,1362]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,735,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,735,1315]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Final instar caterpillar of Artitropa milleri coryndon, collected on Dracaena steudneri, Thika, Kenya. 1 – 2, collected 22 Dec 1988; moulted to final instar 11 Jan 1989; photographed 16 Jan 89; pupated 27 Jan; 88 / 122 E; 1, head, lateral view; 2, head, anterolateral view. 3, anterodorsolateral view; collected 26 Jun 1988; moulted to final instar 12 Jul 1988; photographed 18 Jul, pupated 27 Jul; 88 / 52 B 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253545/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Figures 12</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="E3EECB85FFDEFFD6A470FF2DDF3DFF3D" box="[1105,1137,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,805,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,805,1826]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 26. Final instar caterpillar of Artitropa erinnys vansomereni, on Dracaena steudneri. 1, dorsolateral, anterior and posterior views; collected Thika, 2 Jul 1988; photographed 18 Jul; pupated 24 Jul, 88 / 52 A 1; 2, head, anterior view; collected Nairobi; photographed 13 Sep 1988; 88 / 75 A 1; 3, head with atypical light markings, anterolateral view; Nairobi, 17 Jan 2006 [TCEC]; 4, head with atypical dark markings, anterior view; Nairobi, 23 Dec 2002; 5, dorsolateral view, Nairobi; photographed 25 Nov 89; 89 / 94." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253559/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">26</figureCitation>
). The head capsule of ssp.
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDEFFD6A0B6FEF6DA4DFED8" box="[151,257,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">coryndon</emphasis>
is orange-brown with black markings. Typically, these comprise: posterior margin narrowly dark; an transversely elongate postero-dorsolateral spot, a lateral spot, a diffuse postero-ventrolateral spot, a dark line through the anterior stemmata, a spot midway between this line and the adfrontals, and a conspicuous and distinctive rounded V-shaped mark on the face, typically with the black area in the frons separated from the black area in the adfrontals by a brown line. Individuals may be more heavily marked: the lateral spots may merge into a continuous irregular lateral band, extending as far anteriorly as the stemmata; the spot between the stemmata and adfrontals can be larger; the base of the V may be more or less continuous with the black marking of the frons. Individuals may also be more lightly marked: the lateral spots may be smaller, and the postero-ventrolateral spot may be absent; the black marking on the frons may be reduced to a short narrow central line. The pronotum is marked with a narrow black line on the posterior margin, widened into a spot laterally. Body greenish white; anal plate unmarked, translucent; spiracles pale; all legs concolorous. The wax glands are distributed ventrally on A1– A8, as for
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDEFFD6A12CFD62D95FFD6D" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1925" box="[269,531,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="erinnys" subSpecies="vansomereni">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDEFFD6A12CFD62D95FFD6D" box="[269,531,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">A. erinnys vansomereni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
below. The fifth instar is completed on average in 15 days (range 13–17).
</paragraph>
<caption id="2FAA8788FFDEFFD6A0B6FACED93DFA6B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253545/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" targetBox="[151,1436,735,1315]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFDEFFD6A0B6FACED93DFA6B" blockId="15.[151,1436,1340,1454]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDEFFD6A0B6FACEDA68FA97" bold="true" box="[151,292,1340,1362]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
Final instar caterpillar of
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDEFFD6A260FACFD81BFA97" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[577,855,1340,1362]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="milleri" subSpecies="coryndon">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDEFFD6A260FACFD81BFA97" box="[577,855,1340,1362]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Artitropa milleri coryndon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, collected on
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDEFFD6A3D0FACFDFF3FA97" box="[1009,1215,1340,1362]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="steudneri">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDEFFD6A3D0FACFDFF3FA97" box="[1009,1215,1340,1362]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Dracaena steudneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Thika, Kenya.
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDEFFD6A551FACEDED9FA97" bold="true" box="[1392,1429,1340,1362]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">1–2</emphasis>
, collected 22 Dec 1988; moulted to final instar 11 Jan 1989; photographed 16 Jan 89; pupated 27 Jan; 88/122E;
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDEFFD6A527FAA9DE5FFAB4" bold="true" box="[1286,1299,1371,1393]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">1</emphasis>
, head, lateral view;
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDEFFD6A0FBFA88DBAAFA55" bold="true" box="[218,230,1402,1424]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">2</emphasis>
, head, anterolateral view.
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDEFFD6A220FA88D942FA55" bold="true" box="[513,526,1402,1424]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">3</emphasis>
, anterodorsolateral view; collected 26 Jun 1988; moulted to final instar 12 Jul 1988; photographed 18 Jul, pupated 27 Jul; 88/52B3.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFDEFFD6A0E6FA29D984F909" blockId="15.[151,1436,1499,2028]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDEFFD6A0E6FA29DA40FA31" bold="true" box="[199,268,1499,1524]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Pupa.</emphasis>
The pupa (
<figureCitation id="E3EECB85FFDEFFD6A1B3FA29D94FFA36" box="[402,515,1499,1524]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1085,1107]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1063]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,337,1064]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 13. Pupa of Artitropa milleri coryndon, collected on Dracaena steudneri, Thika, Kenya. 1, dorsolateral view; collected 20 Dec 1988; prepupa 27 Jan 1989; photographed 14 Feb; emerged 17 – 20 Feb; 88 / 122; 2, anterodorsal view; collected as small caterpillar 26 Jun 1988; pupated by 29 Jul; photographed 16 Aug; adult 19 – 20 Aug; 88 / 52 B; 3, lateral view, shortly before emergence; collected as final instar caterpillar 26 Jun 1988; pupated 30 Jun; photographed 18 Jul; adult 20 Jul; 88 / 51 B." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253546/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Figure 13</figureCitation>
) is similar in shape to those of other members of the genus. Pupa 88/51A from Thika measured
<quantity id="BC2D7AE5FFDEFFD6A171FA0DDAD4F9D2" box="[336,408,1535,1559]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" unit="mm" value="28.0">28mm</quantity>
without the proboscis, which projected a further
<quantity id="BC2D7AE5FFDEFFD6A39BFA0DD8BFF9DD" box="[954,1011,1535,1560]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" unit="mm" value="5.0">5mm</quantity>
beyond the cremaster. Four days after formation, the head and thorax were dark, a narrow dark dorsal line on thorax; abdomen whitish with a dark dorsal line (the pupa subsequently died so colouring may not have been typical); setae around T1 spiracle, anterior and posterior portions of the eye, and dorsally in small patch on T2. Pupa suspended in the pupal shelter by a multistranded silk girdle just behind the thorax, not engaging dorsal setae on T2; both the pupa and the inside of the shelter liberally covered with white waxy powder.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFDEFFD6A0E6F925DFC7F8FD" blockId="15.[151,1436,1499,2028]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
Other pupae were photographed (Figure 13.1–2); they are pale with a dorsal line on the thorax, and a heavier transverse line dorsally between the eyes (Figure 13.2), neither of which are present as strongly in other members of the
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDEFFD6A0FFF8D2DA04F8FD" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1925" box="[222,328,1823,1848]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="milleri">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDEFFD6A0FFF8D2DA04F8FD" box="[222,328,1823,1848]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">A. milleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex. The pupa takes an average of 20 days (range 18–21) to develop.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFDEFFC9A0E6F8B1DA3AFED8" blockId="15.[151,1436,1499,2028]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="317" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDEFFD6A0E6F8B1DADDF899" bold="true" box="[199,401,1859,1884]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Natural enemies.</emphasis>
At Thika,
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDEFFD6A22AF8B6D9AAF899" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[523,742,1859,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="milleri" subSpecies="coryndon">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDEFFD6A22AF8B6D9AAF899" box="[523,742,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">A. milleri coryndon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDEFFD6A33CF8B6DF68F89E" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1925" box="[797,1060,1860,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="erinnys" subSpecies="vansomereni">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDEFFD6A33CF8B6DF68F89E" box="[797,1060,1860,1883]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">A. erinnys vansomereni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occur together, but the ova could not be separated and the caterpillars could only be separated from the third or fourth instar onwards. A third instar
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDEFFD6A0B6F87EDA30F861" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,380,1931,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="milleri" subSpecies="coryndon">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDEFFD6A0B6F87EDA30F861" box="[151,380,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">A. milleri coryndon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
caterpillar (MJWC 88/52C) was attacked by a gregarious ectoparasitoid, identified by J. LaSalle (CABI) as
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDEFFD6A155F85DDAA8F80D" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1829" box="[372,484,1967,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDEFFD6A155F85DDAA8F80D" box="[372,484,1967,1992]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Pediobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFDEFFD6A237F85DD9D3F802" box="[534,671,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">afronigripes</emphasis>
group (
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFDEFFD6A2DAF85DD8CDF80D" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1829" box="[763,897,1967,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
). There were ten naked black pupae in the leaf shelter of the host, from which six females and four males emerged. At the time, the parasitoid pupae were not distinguished from those of
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFC1FFC9A1F7FF65D979FF75" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1833" box="[470,565,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Elasmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFC1FFC9A1F7FF65D979FF75" box="[470,565,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Elasmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFC1FFC9A24FFF65D9BDFF75" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1829" box="[622,753,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
) which was reared from
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFC1FFC9A42EFF6ADE54FF75" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1925" box="[1039,1304,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="erinnys" subSpecies="vansomereni">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFC1FFC9A42EFF6ADE54FF75" box="[1039,1304,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">A. erinnys vansomereni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is likely that both parasitoid species will attack both
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFC1FFC9A2A2FF4ED9A6FF16" authorityName="Holland" authorityYear="1896" box="[643,746,188,211]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFC1FFC9A2A2FF4ED9A6FF16" box="[643,746,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Artitropa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. Similarly
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFC1FFC9A3B4FF4ED8B0FF16" authorityName="Holland" authorityYear="1896" box="[917,1020,188,211]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFC1FFC9A3B4FF4ED8B0FF16" box="[917,1020,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Artitropa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp(p). ova at Thika were parasitized, but could not be sorted by species, and the resultant egg parasitoids are treated more fully under
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFC1FFC9A504FF12DA69FED9" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="erinnys" subSpecies="vansomereni">
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFC1FFC9A504FF12DA69FED9" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">A. erinnys vansomereni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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