<documentID-CLB-Dataset="3754"ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1067.72779"ID-GBIF-Dataset="39ded5c1-e041-4aa3-bf7e-5efb47e0aee2"ID-PMC="PMC8571249"ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1067-57"ID-Pensoft-UUID="921145FDEC60583E831A6266908B4BCD"ID-PubMed="34759719"ID-ZooBank="8DB9C8FE9DF7438D92BA4B40E81F5DE1"ModsDocID="1313-2970-1067-57"checkinTime="1635566822117"checkinUser="pensoft"docAuthor="Kwanboon, Sedtawut, Sartori, Michel & Boonsoong, Boonsatien"docDate="2021"docId="E47AD7D9ECE556F7863FE00403810630"docLanguage="en"docName="ZooKeys 1067: 57-82"docOrigin="ZooKeys 1067"docPubDate="2021-10-29"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1067.72779"docTitle="Protobehningia merga Peters & Gillies 1991"docType="treatment"docVersion="6"id="921145FDEC60583E831A6266908B4BCD"lastPageNumber="57"masterDocId="921145FDEC60583E831A6266908B4BCD"masterDocTitle="Behningiidae and Potamanthidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) in Thailand"masterLastPageNumber="82"masterPageNumber="57"pageNumber="57"updateTime="1732749980920"updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:affiliationid="F92041B0AFF3856D3EBC0F2C023B2C95">Animal Systematics and Ecology Speciality Research Unit (ASESRU), Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="41F909DCF85CB961ABB2FFB49C3F9C34">Museum of Zoology, Palais de Rumine, Place Riponne 6, CH- 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland & University of Lausanne (UNIL), Department of Ecology and Evolution, CH- 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="F954F600FCD37E96B0B4ACCB4E05A8B4">Animal Systematics and Ecology Speciality Research Unit (ASESRU), Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
<taxonomicNameid="BA00DD41A0F3ED62C78F64EDBCEA46D1"ID-CoL="4N4MT"LSID="E47AD7D9-ECE5-56F7-863F-E00403810630"authority="Peters & Gillies, 1991"authorityName="Peters & Gillies"authorityYear="1991"class="Insecta"family="Behningiidae"genus="Protobehningia"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Protobehningia merga"order="Ephemeroptera"pageId="0"pageNumber="57"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="merga">Protobehningia merga Peters & Gillies, 1991</taxonomicName>
<figureCitationid="EDC441B80CA06846D523A520CDE112D7"captionStart="Figure 1"captionStartId="F1"captionText="Figure 1. Habitus of larvae A Behningia nujiangensis Zhou & Bisset, 2019 B Protobehningia merga Peters & Gillies, 1991."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72779.figure1"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604582"pageId="0"pageNumber="57">Figures 1B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="9D8BED5FA5E7AE5B9EDA349589B07639"captionStart="Figure 5"captionStartId="F5"captionText="Figure 5. Protobehningia merga Peters & Gillies, 1991, larval morphology A overview of head B labium (ventral view) C glossa & paraglossae (ventral view) D gill I."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72779.figure5"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604586"pageId="0"pageNumber="57">, 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="626BCB58AB75E67AC0D7C30A78BDE5CB"captionStart="Figure 6"captionStartId="F6"captionText="Figure 6. Protobehningia merga Peters & Gillies, 1991, larval morphology A foreleg B closer view of tibia and tarsi of foreleg C middle leg D hind leg."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72779.figure6"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604587"pageId="0"pageNumber="57">, 6</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="BB12C58D75441C8333432BC505BCC8B1"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="F8"captionText="Figure 8. Habitats of Protobehningia merga Peters & Gillies, 1991 larva A Mae Chaem wadeable river (October 2019) B sampling method C sandy bottom river (November 2020) D microhabitat."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72779.figure8"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604589"pageId="0"pageNumber="57">, 8</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="003F3A4935A71847D40B46E59660E1B6"captionStart="Figure 9"captionStartId="F9"captionText="Figure 9. Distribution map of the family Behningiidae in Thailand."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72779.figure9"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604590"pageId="0"pageNumber="57">, 9</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="311F6BE2E998ABEF44EA18FBC369DD25"captionStart="Figure 1"captionStartId="F1"captionText="Figure 1. Habitus of larvae A Behningia nujiangensis Zhou & Bisset, 2019 B Protobehningia merga Peters & Gillies, 1991."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72779.figure1"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604582"pageId="0"pageNumber="57">1B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="69CED742A9DC76B6138CE7E94AB4C0A4"captionStart="Figure 1"captionStartId="F1"captionText="Figure 1. Habitus of larvae A Behningia nujiangensis Zhou & Bisset, 2019 B Protobehningia merga Peters & Gillies, 1991."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72779.figure1"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604582"pageId="0"pageNumber="57">1B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="5902813D98E7796E37269E7F9250B108"captionStart="Figure 5"captionStartId="F5"captionText="Figure 5. Protobehningia merga Peters & Gillies, 1991, larval morphology A overview of head B labium (ventral view) C glossa & paraglossae (ventral view) D gill I."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72779.figure5"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604586"pageId="0"pageNumber="57">5A</figureCitation>
). Black eyes on dorsolateral margin; ocelli almost white, inner margin of ocelli black in front of compound eye. Antennae at lateral margin of head. Labium extending the entire anterior margin of head, with long setae; labial palp 3-segmented, surface of labial palp covered with rows of long blunt setae, base of second palp segment with the longest setae, first segment longer than other segments (Fig.
<figureCitationid="9689771127187370BBDE1C3F72966DCA"captionStart="Figure 5"captionStartId="F5"captionText="Figure 5. Protobehningia merga Peters & Gillies, 1991, larval morphology A overview of head B labium (ventral view) C glossa & paraglossae (ventral view) D gill I."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72779.figure5"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604586"pageId="0"pageNumber="57">5B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="F4C8C358B6A6EC78537F5FBCC53F71D4"captionStart="Figure 5"captionStartId="F5"captionText="Figure 5. Protobehningia merga Peters & Gillies, 1991, larval morphology A overview of head B labium (ventral view) C glossa & paraglossae (ventral view) D gill I."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72779.figure5"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604586"pageId="0"pageNumber="57">5C</figureCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="B3E9E6EB73C80AD48063DE4A7121379D"authorityName="Zhou & Bisset"authorityYear="2019"class="Insecta"family="Behningiidae"genus="Behningia"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Behningia nujiangensis"order="Ephemeroptera"pageId="0"pageNumber="57"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="nujiangensis">
<figureCitationid="A953DE6E5FF86FB5D81BBE1937A9AAF1"captionStart="Figure 6"captionStartId="F6"captionText="Figure 6. Protobehningia merga Peters & Gillies, 1991, larval morphology A foreleg B closer view of tibia and tarsi of foreleg C middle leg D hind leg."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72779.figure6"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604587"pageId="0"pageNumber="57">6A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="EA46A10E6B4B8F85E0C8215C16A6482A"captionStart="Figure 6"captionStartId="F6"captionText="Figure 6. Protobehningia merga Peters & Gillies, 1991, larval morphology A foreleg B closer view of tibia and tarsi of foreleg C middle leg D hind leg."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72779.figure6"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604587"pageId="0"pageNumber="57">6B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="D0D71433E7AC7AC048A43FB4E1FFD28A"captionStart="Figure 6"captionStartId="F6"captionText="Figure 6. Protobehningia merga Peters & Gillies, 1991, larval morphology A foreleg B closer view of tibia and tarsi of foreleg C middle leg D hind leg."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72779.figure6"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604587"pageId="0"pageNumber="57">6C, D</figureCitation>
Similar in colour to head and thorax, abdominal segments elongated and convex, with short straight setae at lateral margin, lateral margin of abdominal segment I-IX with flat projections spine-like in shape. Gill present on segment I-VII, plumose shape, first gill filament single (Fig.
<figureCitationid="9262151AF743DD79307A1D90FB8C6330"captionStart="Figure 5"captionStartId="F5"captionText="Figure 5. Protobehningia merga Peters & Gillies, 1991, larval morphology A overview of head B labium (ventral view) C glossa & paraglossae (ventral view) D gill I."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72779.figure5"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604586"pageId="0"pageNumber="57">5D</figureCitation>
); gills II-VII double, upper branch of each gill shorter than lower one. Three caudal filaments fringed with short pale setae, length of median filament as long as lateral filaments.
<taxonomicNameid="246BB56547C42604A866565CC37C7016"authorityName="Zhou & Bisset"authorityYear="2019"class="Insecta"family="Behningiidae"genus="Behningia"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Behningia nujiangensis"order="Ephemeroptera"pageId="0"pageNumber="57"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="nujiangensis">
<taxonomicNameid="81AAF82938468FA444EAC9EF8742505E"authorityName="Peters & Gillies"authorityYear="1991"class="Insecta"family="Behningiidae"genus="Protobehningia"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Protobehningia merga"order="Ephemeroptera"pageId="0"pageNumber="57"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="merga">
based on the following characteristics: i) glossae and paraglossae with more than 20 setae on the ventral surface, ii) maxillary palp segment II 2/3 the length of segment I, each maxillary palp segment completely divided, but segments II and III indistinct (
<bibRefCitationid="D83072D2C84B396EE3322F66C509F8CB"author="Peters, WL"editor="Alba-Tercedor, J"journalOrPublisher="Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville"pageId="0"pageNumber="57"pagination="207 - 216"refId="B19"refString="Peters, WL, Gillies, MT, 1991. The male imago of Protobehningia Tshernova from Thailand (Ephemeroptera: Behningiidae). In: Alba-Tercedor, J, Sanchez-Ortega, A, Eds., Overview and Strategies of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville: 207 - 216"title="The male imago of Protobehningia Tshernova from Thailand (Ephemeroptera: Behningiidae)."volumeTitle="Overview and Strategies of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera."year="1991">Peters and Gillies 1991</bibRefCitation>
In general, the larvae of behningiid mayflies are rarely collected. In this study, the larvae (middle instar) were found in October (turbidity from flooding, Fig.
<figureCitationid="059F27D63BD7417F2538CEFC8482A7E6"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="F8"captionText="Figure 8. Habitats of Protobehningia merga Peters & Gillies, 1991 larva A Mae Chaem wadeable river (October 2019) B sampling method C sandy bottom river (November 2020) D microhabitat."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72779.figure8"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604589"pageId="0"pageNumber="57">8A</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="7A0CAF1CB6FC9A95525DAC2C2F549FD1"author="Peters, WL"editor="Alba-Tercedor, J"journalOrPublisher="Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville"pageId="0"pageNumber="57"pagination="207 - 216"refId="B19"refString="Peters, WL, Gillies, MT, 1991. The male imago of Protobehningia Tshernova from Thailand (Ephemeroptera: Behningiidae). In: Alba-Tercedor, J, Sanchez-Ortega, A, Eds., Overview and Strategies of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville: 207 - 216"title="The male imago of Protobehningia Tshernova from Thailand (Ephemeroptera: Behningiidae)."volumeTitle="Overview and Strategies of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera."year="1991">Peters and Gillies (1991)</bibRefCitation>
found the exuviae and imago during December in Kanchanaburi province (western Thailand). The specimens were collected from the Mae Chaem river, which is submontane and bordered by farmland and residential areas (Fig.
<figureCitationid="576C984D2D0733DA0E08B90BDC984A69"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="F8"captionText="Figure 8. Habitats of Protobehningia merga Peters & Gillies, 1991 larva A Mae Chaem wadeable river (October 2019) B sampling method C sandy bottom river (November 2020) D microhabitat."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72779.figure8"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604589"pageId="0"pageNumber="57">8A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="E17EDD0131FACE124410338C1BC7717F"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="F8"captionText="Figure 8. Habitats of Protobehningia merga Peters & Gillies, 1991 larva A Mae Chaem wadeable river (October 2019) B sampling method C sandy bottom river (November 2020) D microhabitat."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72779.figure8"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604589"pageId="0"pageNumber="57">8C</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A40C41BDD2EDEFF49D9502B3BDE47592"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="F8"captionText="Figure 8. Habitats of Protobehningia merga Peters & Gillies, 1991 larva A Mae Chaem wadeable river (October 2019) B sampling method C sandy bottom river (November 2020) D microhabitat."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1067.72779.figure8"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604589"pageId="0"pageNumber="57">8B, D</figureCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="A167392983BAA0F78B42D7F8AF55B434"authorityName="Peters & Gillies"authorityYear="1991"class="Insecta"family="Behningiidae"genus="Protobehningia"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Protobehningia merga"order="Ephemeroptera"pageId="0"pageNumber="57"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="merga">
<taxonomicNameid="F426ED479E3FBAAF334A3A598F5A859B"authorityName="Tshernova & Bajkova"authorityYear="1960"class="Insecta"family="Behningiidae"genus="Protobehningia"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Protobehningia asiatica"order="Ephemeroptera"pageId="0"pageNumber="57"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="asiatica">
<taxonomicNameid="AED830EFE733E6847F841C0041227331"authorityName="Peters & Gillies"authorityYear="1991"class="Insecta"family="Behningiidae"genus="Protobehningia"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Protobehningia merga"order="Ephemeroptera"pageId="0"pageNumber="57"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="merga">
<bibRefCitationid="B951B366C5AE056981BA075EA7C6E667"author="Peters, WL"editor="Alba-Tercedor, J"journalOrPublisher="Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville"pageId="0"pageNumber="57"pagination="207 - 216"refId="B19"refString="Peters, WL, Gillies, MT, 1991. The male imago of Protobehningia Tshernova from Thailand (Ephemeroptera: Behningiidae). In: Alba-Tercedor, J, Sanchez-Ortega, A, Eds., Overview and Strategies of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville: 207 - 216"title="The male imago of Protobehningia Tshernova from Thailand (Ephemeroptera: Behningiidae)."volumeTitle="Overview and Strategies of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera."year="1991">Peters and Gillies (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, but they did not give a more detailed description of the larval stage. The labium structures of our specimens are similar to those of the larval exuviae described by
<bibRefCitationid="2A68EAC7EE686B12C9D37CDDEEF9A0BA"author="Peters, WL"editor="Alba-Tercedor, J"journalOrPublisher="Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville"pageId="0"pageNumber="57"pagination="207 - 216"refId="B19"refString="Peters, WL, Gillies, MT, 1991. The male imago of Protobehningia Tshernova from Thailand (Ephemeroptera: Behningiidae). In: Alba-Tercedor, J, Sanchez-Ortega, A, Eds., Overview and Strategies of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville: 207 - 216"title="The male imago of Protobehningia Tshernova from Thailand (Ephemeroptera: Behningiidae)."volumeTitle="Overview and Strategies of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera."year="1991">Peters and Gillies (1991)</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="4045B45477B2D2AFC5C2F520C61F1683"authorityName="Peters & Gillies"authorityYear="1991"class="Insecta"family="Behningiidae"genus="Protobehningia"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Protobehningia merga"order="Ephemeroptera"pageId="0"pageNumber="57"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="merga">
