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<mods:title id="FD6E943D71E30F48ED0130C56390C34D">Division of the genera Sparna Thomson, 1864 and Carterica Pascoe, 1858 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Colobotheini) with description of six new genera and eight new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="58C428189EBE26B45FC17DD22DD76E66">Santos-Silva, Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A80E41D9911A753414325E5061CE8707">Galileo, Maria Helena M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A8C2C6C50E60698161827CDAFCD93B8F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="ABE2E5A4FFB6E465069DE8A4FE2CE95B" ID-CoL="7JYY" authority="Thomson, 1864" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,437,510,536]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sparna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="5E964235FFB6E465069DE8A4FF76E95B" bold="true" box="[151,239,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Sparna</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="5E964235FFB6E465069DEB1CFF79E918" box="[151,224,582,603]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Sparna</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="0873E3D6FFB6E46506EDEB1FFE13E918" box="[231,394,581,603]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref20226" refString="Thomson, J. (1864 - 65) Systema cerambycidarum ou expose de tous les genres compris dans la famille des cerambycides et familles limitrophes. H. Dessain, Liege, 578 pp. [1864: pp. 1 - 352; 1865: pp. 353 - 578]" type="book chapter">Thomson, 1864</bibRefCitation>
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: 30
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; 1865: 30;
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<treatmentCitation id="ED43B836FFB6E465042FEB1FFC92E918" author="" box="[549,779,581,603]" page="828" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<bibRefCitation id="0873E3D6FFB6E465042FEB1FFD4EE918" box="[549,727,581,603]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref19285" refString="Lacordaire, J. T. (1872) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres, ou expose methodique et critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. 9 (2). Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 520 pp. [pp. 411 - 930]" type="book chapter">Lacordaire, 1872</bibRefCitation>
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: 828
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="ED43B836FFB6E465051CEB1FFB96E918" author="" box="[790,1039,581,603]" page="3175" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<bibRefCitation id="0873E3D6FFB6E465051CEB1FFC48E918" box="[790,977,581,603]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref19116" refString="Gemminger, M. (1873) Cerambycidae (Lamiini) In: Gemminger, M. & Harold, E. Catalogus Coleopterorum hucusque descriptorum synonymicus et systematicus. Vol. 10. Gummi, Monachii, pp. 2989 - 3216." type="book">Gemminger, 1873</bibRefCitation>
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: 3175
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</treatmentCitation>
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(cat.);
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<treatmentCitation id="ED43B836FFB6E4650253EB1CFA85E918" author="" box="[1113,1308,581,603]" page="68" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<bibRefCitation id="0873E3D6FFB6E4650253EB1CFB6CE918" box="[1113,1269,581,603]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref19386" refString="Lameere, A. A. (1883) Liste des cerambycides, decrits posterieurement au catalogue de Munich. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 26, 1 - 78." type="journal article">Lameere, 1883</bibRefCitation>
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: 68
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="ED43B836FFB6E4650322EB1FFEB5E939" author="" page="457" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<bibRefCitation id="0873E3D6FFB6E4650322EB1FFF64E939" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref18678" refString="Aurivillius, C. (1923) Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 74. Cerambycidae: Lamiinae. W. Junk, Berlin, 382 pp. [pp. 323 - 704]" type="book chapter">Aurivillius, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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: 457
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</treatmentCitation>
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(cat.);
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<treatmentCitation id="ED43B836FFB6E465077EEB3EFDFCE939" author="" box="[372,613,612,634]" page="621" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<bibRefCitation id="0873E3D6FFB6E465077EEB3EFDACE939" box="[372,565,612,634]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref18974" refString="Blackwelder, R. E. (1946) Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and South America. Part 4. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 185, 551 - 763." type="journal article">Blackwelder, 1946</bibRefCitation>
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: 621
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</treatmentCitation>
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(checklist);
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<treatmentCitation id="ED43B836FFB6E46504E9EB3EFC34E939" author="" box="[739,941,612,634]" page="550" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<bibRefCitation id="0873E3D6FFB6E46504E9EB3EFCE3E939" box="[739,890,612,634]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref19160" refString="Gilmour, E. F. (1950) New and rare Lamiinae. Longicornia, 1, 537 - 556." type="journal article">Gilmour, 1950</bibRefCitation>
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: 550
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</treatmentCitation>
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; 1954: 76;
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<treatmentCitation id="ED43B836FFB6E4650217EB3EFB57E939" author="" box="[1053,1230,612,634]" page="575" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<bibRefCitation id="0873E3D6FFB6E4650217EB3EFB05E939" box="[1053,1180,612,634]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref19079" refString="Fuchs, E. (1956) 2. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der neotropischen Cerambyciden (Col.). Entomologischen Arbeitenaus dem Museum G. Frey, 7 (2), 567 - 576." type="journal article">Fuchs, 1956</bibRefCitation>
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: 575
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="ED43B836FFB6E46502D2EB3EFEB5E9DB" author="" page="274" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<bibRefCitation id="0873E3D6FFB6E46502D2EB3EFF64E9DB" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref19874" refString="Monne, M. A. & Giesbert, E. F. (1994) Checklist of the Cerambycidae and Disteniidae (Coleoptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Wolfsgarden Books, Burbank, 409 pp." type="book">Monné & Giesbert, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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: 274
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</treatmentCitation>
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(checklist);
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<treatmentCitation id="ED43B836FFB6E46507A0EBD8FDCEE9DB" author="" box="[426,599,642,664]" page="24" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<bibRefCitation id="0873E3D6FFB6E46507A0EBD8FDADE9DB" box="[426,564,642,664]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref19626" refString="Monne, M. A. (1995) Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Part XIX. Subfamily Lamiinae: Tribes Elytracanthini, Cyrtinini, Colobotheini, Tetraopini, and Saperdini. Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia, Sao Paulo, 94 pp." type="book">Monné, 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 24
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</treatmentCitation>
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(cat.); 2005: 356 (cat.);
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<treatmentCitation id="ED43B836FFB6E4650546EBD8FBE8E9DB" author="" box="[844,1137,642,664]" page="237" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<bibRefCitation id="0873E3D6FFB6E4650546EBD8FBDBE9DB" box="[844,1090,642,664]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref19912" refString="Monne, M. A. & Hovore, F. T. (2006) Checklist of the Cerambycidae, or longhorned wood-boring beetles, of the Western Hemisphere. Bio Quip Publications, Rancho Dominguez, 394 pp." type="book">Monné & Hovore, 2006</bibRefCitation>
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: 237
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</treatmentCitation>
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(checklist);
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<treatmentCitation id="ED43B836FFB6E46502E5EBD8FA05E9DB" author="" box="[1263,1436,642,664]" page="91" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<bibRefCitation id="0873E3D6FFB6E46502E5EBD8FAE3E9DB" box="[1263,1402,642,664]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref19726" refString="Monne, M. A. (2012) Catalogue of the type-species of the genera of the Cerambycidae, Disteniidae, Oxypeltidae and Vesperidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Zootaxa, 3213, 1 - 183." type="journal article">Monné, 2012</bibRefCitation>
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: 91
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</treatmentCitation>
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(cat.); 2017: 312 (cat.).
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<paragraph id="6C5D9E27FFB6E465069DEB84FD61E9B7" blockId="1.[151,760,734,756]" box="[151,760,734,756]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="5E964235FFB6E465069DEB84FEBFE9B7" bold="true" box="[151,294,734,756]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Type species:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="ABE2E5A4FFB6E4650721EB85FDEAE9B7" authority="Thomson, 1864" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1864" box="[299,627,734,756]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sparna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycoides">
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<emphasis id="5E964235FFB6E4650721EB85FE57E9B7" box="[299,462,734,756]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Sparna lycoides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="0873E3D6FFB6E46507DEEB84FDEAE9B7" box="[468,627,734,756]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref20226" refString="Thomson, J. (1864 - 65) Systema cerambycidarum ou expose de tous les genres compris dans la famille des cerambycides et familles limitrophes. H. Dessain, Liege, 578 pp. [1864: pp. 1 - 352; 1865: pp. 353 - 578]" type="book chapter">Thomson, 1864</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(monotypy).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="6C5D9E27FFB6E465069DEA7BFB36EF51" blockId="1.[151,1437,801,2014]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="0873E3D6FFB6E465069DEA7BFECBE879" box="[151,338,801,826]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref20226" refString="Thomson, J. (1864 - 65) Systema cerambycidarum ou expose de tous les genres compris dans la famille des cerambycides et familles limitrophes. H. Dessain, Liege, 578 pp. [1864: pp. 1 - 352; 1865: pp. 353 - 578]" type="book chapter">Thomson (1864)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
described
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ABE2E5A4FFB6E46507C0EA78FD82E87A" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1864" box="[458,539,802,825]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sparna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="5E964235FFB6E46507C0EA78FD82E87A" box="[458,539,802,825]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Sparna</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
to include a single species:
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ABE2E5A4FFB6E4650559EA78FB18E879" authority="Thomson, 1864" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1864" box="[851,1153,801,826]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sparna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycoides">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="5E964235FFB6E4650559EA78FC52E87A" box="[851,971,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">S. lycoides</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="0873E3D6FFB6E46505DBEA7BFB18E879" box="[977,1153,801,826]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref20226" refString="Thomson, J. (1864 - 65) Systema cerambycidarum ou expose de tous les genres compris dans la famille des cerambycides et familles limitrophes. H. Dessain, Liege, 578 pp. [1864: pp. 1 - 352; 1865: pp. 353 - 578]" type="book chapter">Thomson, 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(unfortunately, without a collection locality for the type). According to
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="0873E3D6FFB6E46504ACEA1CFBF5E81D" box="[678,1132,837,862]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref19255" refString="ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature) (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, xxx + 306 pp." type="book">ICZN (1999: recommendation 76A.1.4)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, the type locality could be designated using a place where the species is formally recorded. However, information on the place where the species would occur is based on
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="0873E3D6FFB6E4650416EAD7FD72E8E5" box="[540,747,909,934]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref19285" refString="Lacordaire, J. T. (1872) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres, ou expose methodique et critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. 9 (2). Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 520 pp. [pp. 411 - 930]" type="book chapter">Lacordaire (1872)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="0873E3D6FFB6E4650523EAD7FC7AE8E5" box="[809,995,909,934]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref19182" refString="Gilmour, E. F. (1954) Revision of the genus Sparna Thomson (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Colobotheini). Entomologische Blatter, 50, 76 - 86." type="journal article">Gilmour (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: Bolivia. These authors indicated that Bolivia is the country where the holotype was collected, again, a fact not included in the original description. As the description of the female provided by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="0873E3D6FFB6E4650467EA8FFCA3E8AD" box="[621,826,981,1006]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref19285" refString="Lacordaire, J. T. (1872) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres, ou expose methodique et critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. 9 (2). Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 520 pp. [pp. 411 - 930]" type="book chapter">Lacordaire (1872)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, also without a collection locality, does not agree with the true
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ABE2E5A4FFB6E46506F9EAA0FEF3EF52" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1864" box="[243,362,1017,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sparna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycoides">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="5E964235FFB6E46506F9EAA0FEF3EF52" box="[243,362,1017,1041]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">S. lycoides</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, it is more appropriate to keep the type locality of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ABE2E5A4FFB6E46505A8EAA0FB83EF52" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1864" box="[930,1050,1017,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sparna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycoides">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="5E964235FFB6E46505A8EAA0FB83EF52" box="[930,1050,1017,1041]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">S. lycoides</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
as unknown.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="6C5D9E27FFB6E46506CDED47FC31EE81" blockId="1.[151,1437,801,2014]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="0873E3D6FFB6E46506CDED47FEE2EF75" box="[199,379,1053,1078]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref19182" refString="Gilmour, E. F. (1954) Revision of the genus Sparna Thomson (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Colobotheini). Entomologische Blatter, 50, 76 - 86." type="journal article">Gilmour (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
revised
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ABE2E5A4FFB6E46507E9ED44FDADEF76" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1864" box="[483,564,1054,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sparna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="5E964235FFB6E46507E9ED44FDADEF76" box="[483,564,1054,1077]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Sparna</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, but although he did not examine specimens of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ABE2E5A4FFB6E465027EED44FB69EF76" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1864" box="[1140,1264,1053,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sparna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycoides">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="5E964235FFB6E465027EED44FB69EF76" box="[1140,1264,1053,1077]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">S. lycoides</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
he provided a translation of the original description (genus and species): “Body depressed, broadened, looks like the Genus
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ABE2E5A4FFB6E465069DED3CFF41EF3E" box="[151,216,1126,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Lycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="5E964235FFB6E465069DED3CFF41EF3E" box="[151,216,1126,1149]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Lycus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
; frons strongly concave; eyes strongly granulated; male antennae a little longer than the body, 11-segmented, 1
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ABE2E5A4FFB6E46506ABEDD0FE84EFE1" box="[161,285,1162,1186]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="segment">st segment</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
equal in length to the third, pilose beneath, 3rd also pilose beneath, swollen, the rest of the segments slender gradually decreasing; prothorax trapezoidal, gradually widening from apex to base, posterior angles acute; elytra extremely broadened (opening!), gradually widening from base to apex, depressed, rounded posteriorly; prosternal and mesosternal appendages laminiform; legs slender, the posterior a little elongated; tarsi simple, elongate, especially the posterior, the 1
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ABE2E5A4FFB6E465045FEC40FD4AEE71" box="[597,723,1306,1330]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="segment">st segment</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
of these alone (i. e. the latter!—GILMOUR) the longest.” This translation is accurate except for part on the eyes, which
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="0873E3D6FFB6E4650504EC67FC27EE15" box="[782,958,1341,1366]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref19182" refString="Gilmour, E. F. (1954) Revision of the genus Sparna Thomson (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Colobotheini). Entomologische Blatter, 50, 76 - 86." type="journal article">Gilmour (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
translated “oculi tenuè granulate” as “eyes strongly granulated”. Actually, this means eyes finely granulated. Still according to
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="0873E3D6FFB6E4650236EC3BFB77EE39" box="[1084,1262,1377,1402]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref19182" refString="Gilmour, E. F. (1954) Revision of the genus Sparna Thomson (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Colobotheini). Entomologische Blatter, 50, 76 - 86." type="journal article">Gilmour (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, on the original description of the species: “Length;
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="AB1A33C2FFB6E4650440ECDFFD0DEEDE" box="[586,660,1413,1438]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
. Breadth: 5,5 mm (Posterior half of elytra).
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="14F5DEB7FFB6E46502BAECDCFABEEEDD" box="[1200,1319,1414,1438]" name="Bolivia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">BOLIVIA</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
. (Specific description, p. 30).”Again, “
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="14F5DEB7FFB6E46507D9ECF3FDB0EE81" box="[467,553,1449,1474]" name="Bolivia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
” is not in the original description.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="6C5D9E27FFB6E46506CDEC97FB94EC69" blockId="1.[151,1437,801,2014]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="0873E3D6FFB6E46506CDEC97FE08EEA5" box="[199,401,1485,1510]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref19285" refString="Lacordaire, J. T. (1872) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres, ou expose methodique et critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. 9 (2). Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 520 pp. [pp. 411 - 930]" type="book chapter">Lacordaire (1872)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
redescribed
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ABE2E5A4FFB6E465042AEC94FDE8EEA6" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1864" box="[544,625,1486,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sparna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="5E964235FFB6E465042AEC94FDE8EEA6" box="[544,625,1486,1509]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Sparna</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ABE2E5A4FFB6E46504ACEC94FC87EEA6" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1864" box="[678,798,1485,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sparna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycoides">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="5E964235FFB6E46504ACEC94FC87EEA6" box="[678,798,1485,1509]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">S. lycoides</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, based on a female from
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="14F5DEB7FFB6E465023DEC97FB10EEA5" box="[1079,1161,1485,1510]" name="Bolivia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(according to Thomson, the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="B3592085FFB6E46506C9ECABFEBCED49" box="[195,293,1521,1546]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
is a male).
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="0873E3D6FFB6E46507B8ECABFDFCED49" box="[434,613,1521,1546]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref19182" refString="Gilmour, E. F. (1954) Revision of the genus Sparna Thomson (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Colobotheini). Entomologische Blatter, 50, 76 - 86." type="journal article">Gilmour (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
translated parts of these redescriptions and pointed out: “On the elytra LACORDAIRE only says: “Elytra flat, no broader basally than the prothora [
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="5E964235FFB6E46505E5EF4CFB97ED6E" box="[1007,1038,1558,1581]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">sic</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
], gradually widening and obtusely rounded behind, sharp laterally and bearing the epipleura sub-horizontally.” The translation reflects what Lacordaire originally wrote, and apparently was the basis upon which
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="0873E3D6FFB6E46505A7EF07FBC7ED35" box="[941,1118,1629,1654]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref19182" refString="Gilmour, E. F. (1954) Revision of the genus Sparna Thomson (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Colobotheini). Entomologische Blatter, 50, 76 - 86." type="journal article">Gilmour (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
provided an elytral drawing of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ABE2E5A4FFB6E46506BFEFD8FEB4EDDA" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1864" box="[181,301,1665,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sparna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycoides">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="5E964235FFB6E46506BFEFD8FEB4EDDA" box="[181,301,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">S. lycoides</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
as having the outer distal angles acutely projected. Nevertheless,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ABE2E5A4FFB6E4650207EFD8FA05EDD9" authority="sensu Lacordaire (1872)" authorityName="sensu Lacordaire" authorityYear="1872" box="[1037,1436,1665,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sparna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycoides">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="5E964235FFB6E4650207EFD8FB53EDDA" box="[1037,1226,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">S. lycoides sensu</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="0873E3D6FFB6E46502DBEFDBFA05EDD9" box="[1233,1436,1665,1690]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref19285" refString="Lacordaire, J. T. (1872) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres, ou expose methodique et critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. 9 (2). Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 520 pp. [pp. 411 - 930]" type="book chapter">Lacordaire (1872)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
isclearly not the true
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ABE2E5A4FFB6E465078CEFFCFE67EDFE" authorityName="sensu Lacordaire" authorityYear="1872" box="[390,510,1701,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sparna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycoides">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="5E964235FFB6E465078CEFFCFE67EDFE" box="[390,510,1701,1725]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">S. lycoides</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
as the drawing from
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="0873E3D6FFB6E46504FAEFFFFC38EDFD" box="[752,929,1701,1726]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref19182" refString="Gilmour, E. F. (1954) Revision of the genus Sparna Thomson (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Colobotheini). Entomologische Blatter, 50, 76 - 86." type="journal article">Gilmour (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
does not agree with Thomson’s species. The elytral apices of the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="B3592085FFB6E4650774EF93FE79EDA1" box="[382,480,1737,1762]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ABE2E5A4FFB6E4650402EF90FD18EDA2" authorityName="sensu Lacordaire" authorityYear="1872" box="[520,641,1737,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sparna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycoides">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="5E964235FFB6E4650402EF90FD18EDA2" box="[520,641,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">S. lycoides</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
are exactly as written by Thomson: distinctly and uniformly rounded. Furthermore, the legs in the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="B3592085FFB6E46507E1EFB7FDD4EC45" box="[491,589,1773,1798]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ABE2E5A4FFB6E4650471EFB4FD61EC46" authorityName="sensu Lacordaire" authorityYear="1872" box="[635,760,1773,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sparna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycoides">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="5E964235FFB6E4650471EFB4FD61EC46" box="[635,760,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">S. lycoides</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
are not as described by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="0873E3D6FFB6E4650228EFB7FB68EC45" box="[1058,1265,1773,1798]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref19285" refString="Lacordaire, J. T. (1872) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres, ou expose methodique et critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. 9 (2). Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 520 pp. [pp. 411 - 930]" type="book chapter">Lacordaire (1872)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
(“Pattes assez longues” [legs very long]). Actually they are more correctly described as short.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="6C5D9E27FFB6E46606CDEE6FFCDCE954" blockId="1.[151,1437,801,2014]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,1005]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
|||
|
|
Unfortunately, specimens of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ABE2E5A4FFB6E4650400EE6CFD1BEC0E" authorityName="sensu Lacordaire" authorityYear="1872" box="[522,642,1845,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sparna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycoides">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="5E964235FFB6E4650400EE6CFD1BEC0E" box="[522,642,1845,1869]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">S. lycoides</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
were not available to assist in checking character details and provide a solid basis for a redescription of the genus. However, by using the original description, photograph of the
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<typeStatus id="B3592085FFB6E4650330EE03FA05EC31" box="[1338,1436,1881,1906]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="ABE2E5A4FFB6E46506B0EE24FEAFECD6" authorityName="sensu Lacordaire" authorityYear="1872" box="[186,310,1917,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sparna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycoides">
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<emphasis id="5E964235FFB6E46506B0EE24FEAFECD6" box="[186,310,1917,1941]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">S. lycoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and the new species, we believe that the genus can be appropriately defined as follows: body flattened; head opisthognathous; frons sub-square or elongate; antennal tubercles somewhat elevated, in frontal view, their inner margins together distinctly V-shaped; antennae slightly longer than body; scape with distinct bristly pubescence, shorter than on antennomere III; antennomere III slightly thicker than II; with long, abundant setae throughout, slightly shorter than scape; remaining antennomeres more slender and shorter than III; antennomere IV shorter than III; prothorax trapezoidal, forming distinct spine near base, with short constriction between base and spine; prosternal and mesoventral processes laminiform; elytra gradually and strongly widened toward its distal third (straight outer margins), then along outer margin gradually, slightly narrowed and rounded toward apex, with or without tooth near apex laterally; elytral apex distinctly rounded; elytra with distinct humeral carina from base to apex; elytra with sparse erect setae; epipleuron slightly oblique, wide close to humerus, gradually more oblique and narrower, becoming sub-horizontal near apex (not visible in dorsal view); elytra with two distinct dorsal carina from base to apex, fused or not near apex; femora clavate, with short peduncle and club slightly fusiform; metatarsomere I about as long as II–V together; abdominal ventrite V gradually and slightly narrowed toward apex, with short spine on each side of apex.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6C5D9E27FFB5E46606CDEB7EFC12E8E6" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
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<taxonomicName id="ABE2E5A4FFB5E46606CDEB7EFE81E978" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1864" box="[199,280,548,571]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sparna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="5E964235FFB5E46606CDEB7EFE81E978" box="[199,280,548,571]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Sparna</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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differs from
|
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<taxonomicName id="ABE2E5A4FFB5E46607A7EB7EFD83E978" authorityName="Pascoe" authorityYear="1858" box="[429,538,548,571]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Carterica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="5E964235FFB5E46607A7EB7EFD83E978" box="[429,538,548,571]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Carterica</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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as follows: body flattened; head opisthognathous; antennae slightly longer than body; antennomere III with dense, long setae throughout, distinctly wider than remaining segments; prothorax trapezoidal, with lateral spine near base; elytra distinctly widened toward distal third; humeral carina reaching apex; elytral, between humeral carina and epipleura, not visible dorsally, distinctly narrowed toward apex, from oblique at base to sub-horizontal distally; elytral apex rounded; abdominal ventrite V slightly narrowed toward apex. In
|
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|
<taxonomicName id="ABE2E5A4FFB5E46606F3EB82FEFFE9AC" authorityName="Pascoe" authorityYear="1858" box="[249,358,728,751]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Carterica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="5E964235FFB5E46606F3EB82FEFFE9AC" box="[249,358,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Carterica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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, the body is not flattened, head hypognathous, antennae noticeably longer than body, especially in male, antennomere III not densely pubescent or distinctly thicker than remaining segments, prothorax not trapezoidal, with rounded tubercle near base laterally, elytra parallel-sided, humeral carina reaching about distal third, epipleuron not narrowed toward apex, distinctly visible dorsally, especially toward apex, elytral apex sinuous, with distinct spine at lateral apex; abdominal ventrite V distinctly narrowed toward apex, in female, last segment of abdomen tubuliform for more than half its distal length.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="24F8CDACFFB5E46606CDEAF5FE8BE8AF" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="6C5D9E27FFB5E46606CDEAF5FE8BE8AF" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
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|
<emphasis id="5E964235FFB5E46606CDEAF5FE17E88B" bold="true" box="[199,398,943,968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Species included</emphasis>
|
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:
|
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<taxonomicName id="ABE2E5A4FFB5E4660795EAEAFDCFE88B" authorityName="sensu Lacordaire" authorityYear="1872" box="[415,598,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sparna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycoides">
|
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|
<emphasis id="5E964235FFB5E4660795EAEAFDCFE88B" box="[415,598,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Sparna lycoides</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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|
|
(see photograph of the holotype at
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="0873E3D6FFB5E46605FFEAF5FB13E88B" box="[1013,1162,943,968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref18920" refString="Bezark, L. G. (2017) A photographic Catalog of the Cerambycidae of the New World. Available from: https: // apps 2. cdfa. ca. gov / publicApps / plant / bycidDB / wsearch. asp? w = n (accessed 30 August 2017)" type="journal article">Bezark 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
|
),
|
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|
|
<taxonomicName id="ABE2E5A4FFB5E46602AAEAEAFAAEE88B" authority="Santos-Silva & Galileo & Mcclarin, 2018" authorityName="Santos-Silva & Galileo & Mcclarin" authorityYear="2018" box="[1184,1335,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sparna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tavakiliani" status="sp. nov.">
|
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|
|
<emphasis id="5E964235FFB5E46602AAEAEAFAAEE88B" box="[1184,1335,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">S. tavakiliani</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="45A5FF4EFFB5E466034AEAF5FA05E884" box="[1344,1436,943,968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">
|
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|
|
<emphasis id="5E964235FFB5E466034AEAF5FA0CE88B" bold="true" box="[1344,1429,943,968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
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|
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.
|
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|
|
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
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|
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(
|
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|
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<figureCitation id="F4D982A2FFB5E4660695EA8EFE9CE8AF" box="[159,261,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURES1–8.1–4" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox="[195,1399,200,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[190,1399,195,1923]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES1–8.1–4, Sparna tavakiliani, sp. nov., holotype male:1, dorsal habitus; 2, ventral habitus; 3, lateral habitus; 4, head, frontalview.5–9, Carterica mucronata: 5, male, dorsal habitus; 6, male, ventral habitus; 7, male, lateral habitus; 8, male, head, frontal view; 9, female, abdomen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1216422/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 1–4</figureCitation>
|
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|
|
).
|
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|
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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|
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</treatment>
|
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</document>
|