treatments-xml/data/3B/EF/2B/3BEF2BECF04251A2802D7689F4AF6B53.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6fd2433d-a10d-40d5-9a7c-8b5c14bd364e" ID-PMC="PMC8548288" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1063-49" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5298538BD85C59A69A5D81E54E499167" ID-PubMed="34744471" ID-ZooBank="2792B13CD577416CB83D1C8043701C78" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1063-49" checkinTime="1634632142747" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pivar, Robert J., Sinclair, Bradley J. &amp; Moulton, John K." docDate="2021" docId="3BEF2BECF04251A2802D7689F4AF6B53" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1063: 49-104" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1063" docPubDate="2021-10-19" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180" docTitle="Niphta courtneyi Pivar 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="AE13E1F7-1030-4B4F-9492-92515EE9F67E" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="5298538BD85C59A69A5D81E54E499167" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="5298538BD85C59A69A5D81E54E499167" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Niphta (Diptera, Thaumaleidae) Theischinger of South America, with descriptions of nine new species and a new immature morphotype" masterLastPageNumber="104" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1668150984031" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revision of the genus Niphta (Diptera, Thaumaleidae) Theischinger of South America, with descriptions of nine new species and a new immature morphotype</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pivar, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>The University of Tennessee, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 2505 E. J. Chapman Drive, 370 Plant Biotechnology Building, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Sinclair, Bradley J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Canadian National Collection of Insects and Canadian Food Inspection Agency, K. W. Neatby Building, C. E. F., 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K 1 A 0 C 6</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Moulton, John K.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8760-3274</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>The University of Tennessee, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 2505 E. J. Chapman Drive, 370 Plant Biotechnology Building, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">johnkmoulton@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-10-19</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1063</mods:number>
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<mods:start>49</mods:start>
<mods:end>104</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="189468644" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AE13E1F7-1030-4B4F-9492-92515EE9F67E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3BEF2BECF04251A2802D7689F4AF6B53" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/AE13E1F7-1030-4B4F-9492-92515EE9F67E" authority="Pivar" authorityName="Pivar" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta courtneyi" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="courtneyi" status="sp. nov.">Niphta courtneyi Pivar</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="49">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Ventral views of male Niphta nudipennis group terminalia A N. bifurcata sp. nov. B N. courtneyi sp. nov. C N. bispinosa sp. nov. D N. brunnea sp. nov. Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gcx pl, gonocoxal plate; gst, gonostylus; pm, paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600675" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figs 6B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Lateral views of male Niphta nudipennis group terminalia A N. bifurcata sp. nov. B N. courtneyi sp. nov. C N. bispinosa sp. nov. D N. brunnea sp. nov. Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gcx pl, gonocoxal plate; gst, gonostylus; pm, paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600677" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 8B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Adult lateral habitus micrographs of the Niphta nudipennis group A N. bifurcata sp. nov. (♂) B N. brunnea sp. nov. (♂) C N. courtneyi sp. nov. (♀), abdomen dissected D N. daniellae sp. nov. (♂) E N. eurydactyla sp. nov. (♂) F N. bispinosa sp. nov. (♂), abdomen dissected G N. nudipennis (♂) H N. courtneyi sp. nov. (♂), inset with arrow indicating antealar ridge. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600678" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 9C, H</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Adult dorsal habitus micrographs of the Niphta nudipennis group A N. bifurcata sp. nov. (♂) B N. brunnea sp. nov. (♂) C N. courtneyi sp. nov. (♀), abdomen dissected D N. daniellae sp. nov. (♂) E N. eurydactyla sp. nov. (♂) F N. bispinosa sp. nov. (♂), abdomen dissected G N. nudipennis (♂) Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600679" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 10C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Ventral views of female Niphta nudipennis group terminalia A N. bifurcata sp. nov. B N. courtneyi sp. nov. C N. bispinosa sp. nov. D N. nudipennis. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; gen fk, genital fork; hyp pr, hypogynial protuberance; hyp vlv, hypogynial valve; hypct, hypoproct; lat arm crcl, lateral arm circle; lat arm cmplx, lateral arm complex; spthc p, spermathecal pump. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600680" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 11B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Lateral views of female Niphta nudipennis group terminalia A N. bifurcata sp. nov. B N. courtneyi sp. nov. C N. bispinosa sp. nov. D N. nudipennis. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; gen fk, genital fork; hyp pr, hypogynial protuberance; hyp vlv, hypogynial valve; hypct, hypoproct; lat arm crcl, lateral arm circle; lat arm cmplx, lateral arm complex; S, sternite; spthc p, spermathecal pump; T, tergite. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600681" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 12B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Known distribution of Chilean Niphta A N. halteralis group B N. nudipennis group." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600693" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 24B</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Holotype</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
♂, glued to point with abdomen in glycerine microvial pinned beneath, labelled: &quot;Chile, Region X (Los Lagos)/ East side Lago Llanquihue/ small falls on road (nr PN/ VPR) 
<geoCoordinate degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="08.47" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-41.141167">41°08.47'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="35.28" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-72.588">72°35.28'W</geoCoordinate>
/ ≈ 100 m 2.xii.2008 GW/ Courtney (CH08-30)&quot;; &quot;HOLOTYPE/ 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Theischinger" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pivar" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta courtneyi" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="courtneyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta courtneyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ Pivar [red label]&quot; (CNC). 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Allotype</emphasis>
: ♀*, same data as holotype (CNC). 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Paratypes</emphasis>
: Chile: Region X (Los Lagos): Rte. U-99, 10.xii.2016, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="28.2" value="-41.141167">41°08'28.2&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="16.8" value="-72.588005">72°35'16.8&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, elev. 101 m, roadside seeps/creek, J.K. Moulton &amp; R.J. Pivar (1♀*).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="recognition">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Recognition.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
This species is recognised by the bifurcate posterior apex of the cheliform gonostylus and the presence of three gonocoxal projections. It is lighter in colouration than the closely related 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. bifurcata" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="bifurcata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
The descriptions of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. courtneyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="courtneyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. courtneyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from that of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. bifurcata" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="bifurcata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the following regards:
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Male.</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">n</emphasis>
= 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Length</emphasis>
2.1-2.3 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Colouration</emphasis>
(Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Adult lateral habitus micrographs of the Niphta nudipennis group A N. bifurcata sp. nov. (♂) B N. brunnea sp. nov. (♂) C N. courtneyi sp. nov. (♀), abdomen dissected D N. daniellae sp. nov. (♂) E N. eurydactyla sp. nov. (♂) F N. bispinosa sp. nov. (♂), abdomen dissected G N. nudipennis (♂) H N. courtneyi sp. nov. (♂), inset with arrow indicating antealar ridge. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600678" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">9C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Adult dorsal habitus micrographs of the Niphta nudipennis group A N. bifurcata sp. nov. (♂) B N. brunnea sp. nov. (♂) C N. courtneyi sp. nov. (♀), abdomen dissected D N. daniellae sp. nov. (♂) E N. eurydactyla sp. nov. (♂) F N. bispinosa sp. nov. (♂), abdomen dissected G N. nudipennis (♂) Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600679" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">10C</figureCitation>
). Head dull, brown; pronotum and postpronotum brown; postpronotal lobe and lateral margins of prescutum yellow; scutum shiny with three distinct dark brown stripes, pleura yellow; postscutum yellow, two lateral brown spots above scutoscutellar suture; scutellum shiny, yellow; mediotergite shiny, anterior half yellow, posterior half brown; katepisternum mainly pale brown, yellow near fore coxa; remaining pteropleuron mainly yellow with dispersed brown markings; halter creamy yellow; legs pale yellow, apex of tarsi darker; abdomen brown; terminalia yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Head</emphasis>
. Frons with three strong setae. Flagellomere 1 expanded, 1.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as wide as next segment, shorter in length than 2 and 3 combined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Wing</emphasis>
. Wing length: 1.9-2.2 mm. Lightly infuscate throughout.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Terminalia</emphasis>
(Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Ventral views of male Niphta nudipennis group terminalia A N. bifurcata sp. nov. B N. courtneyi sp. nov. C N. bispinosa sp. nov. D N. brunnea sp. nov. Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gcx pl, gonocoxal plate; gst, gonostylus; pm, paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600675" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">6B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Lateral views of male Niphta nudipennis group terminalia A N. bifurcata sp. nov. B N. courtneyi sp. nov. C N. bispinosa sp. nov. D N. brunnea sp. nov. Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gcx pl, gonocoxal plate; gst, gonostylus; pm, paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600677" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">8B</figureCitation>
). Epandrium quadrate in ventral view, posterior margin rounded, with narrow medial cleft; long, extended beyond gonostyli; without lobes or projections. Gonocoxites oblong, longer than wide; anterior margin rounded, somewhat expanded dorsally, not closely approximated; with three spine-like projections; two anterior projections, with inner projection shorter than outer; posterior projection long, slender, tapered to single apex, 3.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than shortest projection; margin around gonostylus with long, dense thin setae. Gonostylus cheliform, dorsoventrally flattened anteriorly, swollen posteriorly; anterior apex with a few setae; posterior apex bifurcate, setose. Parameres medially fused, attached basally to arms of gonocoxal plate; divided distally into dorsal parameral apodeme and ventral arm; ventral arm projected anteroventrally toward gonocoxal plate, strongly curved anteriorly, sickle-shaped, surface textured with tiny bumps, except for smooth apex; ventral arm, when retracted, rests ventrally between dorsal arm of gonocoxal plate and inner margin of gonocoxite. Gonocoxal plate broad, well sclerotised; anterior margin subquadrate, basal margin cleft; pair of dorsal arms connected to parameres; medial aedeagal guide projected ventrally between posterior margins of gonocoxites, well sclerotised, consisting of two parts: anterior Y-shaped structure and posterior triangular plate. Cercus ovoid, only slightly visible in lateral view; projected anteroventrally; situated within epandrial indentation.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600693" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 24" startId="F24">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 24.</emphasis>
Known distribution of Chilean 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Theischinger" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. halteralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="halteralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. halteralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. nudipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="nudipennis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. nudipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Female.</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">n</emphasis>
= 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
Similar to male except as follows: 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Terminalia</emphasis>
(Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Ventral views of female Niphta nudipennis group terminalia A N. bifurcata sp. nov. B N. courtneyi sp. nov. C N. bispinosa sp. nov. D N. nudipennis. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; gen fk, genital fork; hyp pr, hypogynial protuberance; hyp vlv, hypogynial valve; hypct, hypoproct; lat arm crcl, lateral arm circle; lat arm cmplx, lateral arm complex; spthc p, spermathecal pump. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600680" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">11B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Lateral views of female Niphta nudipennis group terminalia A N. bifurcata sp. nov. B N. courtneyi sp. nov. C N. bispinosa sp. nov. D N. nudipennis. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; gen fk, genital fork; hyp pr, hypogynial protuberance; hyp vlv, hypogynial valve; hypct, hypoproct; lat arm crcl, lateral arm circle; lat arm cmplx, lateral arm complex; S, sternite; spthc p, spermathecal pump; T, tergite. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600681" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">12B</figureCitation>
). Tergite 9 subquadrate in lateral view, 2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as wide as tergite 8, lacking lateral projections.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="immature stages">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Immature stages.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
Known only from the 
<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
series.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
Known only from the type locality, the East side of Lago Llanquihue in Southern Chile (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Known distribution of Chilean Niphta A N. halteralis group B N. nudipennis group." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600693" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">24B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pivar" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta courtneyi" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="courtneyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta courtneyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is named in honour of its collector, Gregory W. Courtney (Iowa State University). Courtney collected three new species of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bezzi" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Thaumaleidae</taxonomicName>
from Chile (
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. fredericki" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="fredericki">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. fredericki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pivar, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. courtneyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="courtneyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. courtneyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. mapuche" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="mapuche">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. mapuche</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), as well as immature material, prompting us to further investigate the Chilean fauna.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>