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<document id="B724880CCA4E123B322B871C7027491F" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5444.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11071464" ID-ZooBank="5DE4A9DD-99F7-4E23-AD50-58DC491BB75E" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1714119547772" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hennemann, Frank H. &amp; Conle, Oskar V." docDate="2024" docId="03FD87D9FF16D8D2FF55F0FD2C22E056" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5444.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5444 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5444.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Phanocles horni Hennemann &amp; Conle 2024, comb. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="184" masterDocId="FFC4FFA1FFA0D865FFC2F06B292AE42B" masterDocTitle="Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea XXVI: Taxonomic review of Cladomorformia tax. n., a lineage of Diapheromerinae stick insects, with the descriptions of seven new genera and 41 new species (Phasmatodea: Occidophasmata: Diapheromerinae)" masterLastPageNumber="454" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="183" updateTime="1714126622619" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="42CF57DE787CD844A3387813E820583D">Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea XXVI: Taxonomic review of Cladomorformia tax. n., a lineage of Diapheromerinae stick insects, with the descriptions of seven new genera and 41 new species (Phasmatodea: Occidophasmata: Diapheromerinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="BE1311CF511728B735916D2E8223A8C2">Tannenwaldallee 53, 61348 Bad Homburg, Germany. hennemann @ phasmatodea. com; http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 651 FCCFA- 271 B- 48 A 3 - A 58 E-A 30 FDC 739493 https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6547 - 4704; Website: www. phasmatodea. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9420D1A78B407E60C72AFADE22962229">Conle, Oskar V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="52F798838525C8DDC7E3AAB4274262BE">Tannenwaldallee 53, 61348 Bad Homburg, Germany. hennemann @ phasmatodea. com; http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 651 FCCFA- 271 B- 48 A 3 - A 58 E-A 30 FDC 739493 https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6547 - 4704; Website: www. phasmatodea. com &amp; Am Freischütz 16, 47058 Duisburg, Germany. conle @ phasmatodea. de; http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: D 2712 C 02 - 7973 - 4 FAA-A 186 - 5 F 8540 A 66691 https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5609 - 5107; Website: www. phasmatodea. com * Corresponding author &amp; Tannenwaldallee 53, 61348 Bad Homburg, Germany. hennemann @ phasmatodea. com; http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 651 FCCFA- 271 B- 48 A 3 - A 58 E-A 30 FDC 739493 https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6547 - 4704; Website: www. phasmatodea. com</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="B920EADDFF16D8D3FF55F0FD287CE49A" bold="true" box="[151,342,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Phanocles horni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B3EFF16D8D3FEA6F0FD2B6CE49B" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[356,582,150,176]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" pagination="341 - 589" refId="ref332052" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1908) n. k. In: Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. III. Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). Verlag W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 341 - 589, pls. 16 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1908">Redtenbacher, 1908</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF16D8D3FF55F0D12D7BE4FF" blockId="182.[151,1105,150,213]" box="[151,1105,186,213]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">
(
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF16D8D3FF5DF0D12838E4FE" box="[159,274,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="372.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[192,1393,186,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-22@372.[189,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="372" captionText="FIGURE 52. Phanocles Stål, 1875 habitus (A–C in scale): A. P. horni (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀ (captive reared from SW-Mexico, Oaxaca/Chiapas, Est. D. Tehuantepec), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0700–28]; B. P. mexicanus sp. n. ♀ HT (Mexico, Chiapas, Huixtla/Motozintla 700 m), dorsal view [MNHN]; C. P. mexicanus sp. n. ♀ PT (Guatemala, Dept. Chimaltenango), dorsal view [MNHN]; D. P. superbus sp. n. ♀ HT (Ecuador, Prov. Pichincha, Tandapi 1700 m), dorsal view [MNHN]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071595/files/figure.png" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Figs. 52A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF16D8D3FEDFF0D1287AE4FE" box="[285,336,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="375.[151,250,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,204,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-17@375.[151,1435,199,1766]" captionTargetPageId="375" captionText="FIGURE 55. Phanocles Stål, 1875: A. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♂ PT (Ecuador, Prov. Esmeraldas, Rio Verde), dorsolateral view [MNCN]; B. P. falcatus sp. n. ♂ PT (Ecuador, Prov. Napo, Misahualli), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0919–3]; C. P. maximus sp. n. ♀ PT (captive reared from Panamá, Prov. Coclé, Valle deAntón), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 1360–3]; D. P. spectabilis sp. n. ♂ PT (captive reared from Costa Rica, Prov. Puntarenas, La Gamba), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0563–18]; E. P. ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) ♀ (Panamá, Prov. Coclé, Valle de Antón 650–850 m), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0705–12]; F. P. obtusus (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂ (Venezuela, Aragua N.P., Rancho Grande), dorsolateral view [ANSP]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071603/files/figure.png" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">55D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF16D8D3FE99F0D128A1E4FE" box="[347,395,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="378.[151,250,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,186,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-22@378.[151,1436,181,1711]" captionTargetPageId="378" captionText="FIGURE 58. Phanocles Stål, 1875 head and prothorax: A. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀, lateral view [coll. FH]; B. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002 ♀, lateral view [coll. FH]; C. P. ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) ♀, lateral view [coll. FH]; D. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, lateral view [MNHN]; E. P. satyr (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀ dorsolateral view [ANSP]; F. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♀ PT, lateral view [coll. FH]; G. P. maximus sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; H. P. spectabilis sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; J. P. spectabilis sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; K. P. subvolans (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀, dorsolateral view [ANSP]; L. P. horni (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071613" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071613/files/figure.png" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">58L</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF16D8D3FE54F0D128ECE4FF" box="[406,454,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="380.[151,250,1617,1641]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,204,1590]" captionTargetId="figure-22@380.[151,1435,199,1594]" captionTargetPageId="380" captionText="FIGURE 60. Phanocles Stål, 1875 head and prothorax: A. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; B. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002 ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; C. P. muticus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; D. P. mexicanus sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view [UMMZ, © Erika Tucker]; E. P. horni (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; F. P. maximus sp. n. ♂ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; G. P. spectabilis sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view [coll. FH]; H. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; J. P. vosseleri (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071621/files/figure.png" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">60E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF16D8D3FE13F0D12B0EE4FF" box="[465,548,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 64" captionStartId="384.[151,250,1724,1748]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-22@384.[213,1374,181,1700]" captionTargetPageId="384" captionText="FIGURE 64. Phanocles Stål, 1875 terminalia of ♀♀: A. P. superbus sp. n. ♀ HT, lateral view [MNHN]; B. P. superbus sp. n. ♀ HT, dorsal view [MNHN]; C. P. superbus sp. n. ♀ HT, ventral view [MNHN]; D. P. acutecornutus sp. n. ♀ PT, lateral view [ZSMC]; E. P. berezini sp. n. ♀ PT, lateral view [coll. FH]; F. P. berezini sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsal view [coll. FH]; G. P. berezini sp. n. ♀ PT, ventral view [coll. FH]; H. P. muticus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907), lateral view [coll. FH]; J. P. muticus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907), dorsal view [coll. FH]; K. P. muticus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907), ventral view [coll. FH]; L. P. horni (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view [coll. FH]; M. P. horni (Redtenbacher, 1908), dorsal view [coll. FH]; N. P. horni(Redtenbacher, 1908), ventral view [coll. FH]; O. P. mexicanus sp. n. ♀ PT, lateral view [MNHN]; P. P. mexicanus sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsal view [MNHN]; Q. P. mexicanus sp. n. ♀ HT, ventral view [MNHN]; R. P. barbadosense sp. n. ♀ PT, lateral view [ANSP]; S. P. barbadosense sp. n. ♀ PT, ventral view [ANSP]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071629/files/figure.png" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">64L–N</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF16D8D3FDEDF0D12B57E4FE" box="[559,637,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 65" captionStartId="385.[151,250,1719,1743]" captionTargetBox="[189,1393,186,1695]" captionTargetId="figure-17@385.[189,1398,181,1695]" captionTargetPageId="385" captionText="FIGURE 65. Phanocles Stål, 1875 terminalia of ♂♂: A. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002, lateral view [coll. FH]; B. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002, dorsal view [coll. FH]; C. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002, ventral view [coll. FH]; D. P. falcatus sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view [coll. FH]; E. P. falcatus sp. n. ♂ PT, dorsal view [coll. FH]; F. P. falcatus sp. n. ♂ PT, ventral view [coll. FH]; G. P. virgulatus (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view [coll. FH]; H. P. virgulatus (Redtenbacher, 1908), dorsal view [coll. FH]; J. P. virgulatus (Redtenbacher, 1908), ventral view [coll. FH]; K. P. maximus sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view [ANSP]; L. P. maximus sp. n. ♂ PT, dorsal view [coll. FH]; M. P. maximus sp. n. ♂ PT, ventral view [coll. FH]; N. P. spectabilis sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view [coll. FH]; O. P. spectabilis sp. n. ♂ PT, dorsal view [ANSP]; P. P. spectabilis sp. n. ♂ PT, ventral view [ANSP]; Q. P. vosseleri (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view [coll. FH]; R. P. vosseleri (Redtenbacher, 1908), dorsal view [coll. FH]; S. P. vosseleri (Redtenbacher, 1908), ventral view [coll. FH]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071631/files/figure.png" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">65D–F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF16D8D3FD4AF0D12BF6E4FF" box="[648,732,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 67" captionStartId="387.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,186,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-17@387.[213,1374,181,1656]" captionTargetPageId="387" captionText="FIGURE 67. Phanocles Stål, 1875: A. P. horni (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view of terminalia [coll. FH]; B.. horni (Redtenbacher, 1908), dorsal view of terminalia [coll. FH]; C. P. horni (Redtenbacher, 1908), ventral view of terminalia [coll. FH]; D. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view of terminalia [coll. FH]; E. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908), dorsal view of terminalia [coll. FH]; F. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908), ventral view of terminalia [coll. FH]; G. P. mexicanus sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view of terminalia [UMMZ, © Erika Tucker]; H. P. mexicanus sp. n. ♂ PT, dorsal view of terminalia [UMMZ, © Erika Tucker]; J. P. chiapasense sp. n. ♂ HT, lateral view of terminalia [ZMUH]; K. P. chiapasense sp. n. ♂ HT, dorsal view of terminalia [ZMUH]; L. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, right mesofemur in intero-lateral view [MNHN]; M. P. solidus sp. n. ♀ HT, right mesofemur in intero-lateral view [ANSP]; N. P. ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) ♀, right mesofemur in interolateral view [coll. FH]; O. P. ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) ♀, right mesofemur in intero-lateral view [coll. FH]; P. P. brevipes sp. n. ♀ HT, right metatibia in intero-lateral view [ANSP]; Q. P. brevipes sp. n. ♀ HT, left mid leg in intero-lateral view [ANSP]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071635/files/figure.png" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">67A–C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF16D8D3FD25F0D12A30E4FF" box="[743,794,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 87" captionStartId="407.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[233,1351,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-17@407.[232,1355,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="407" captionText="FIGURE 87. Mesosternum: A. Phanocloidea incolumis (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) ♀ [NHMUK]; B. Phanocloidea muricata (Burmeister, 1838) ♀ [coll. FH]; C. Phanocloidea muricata (Burmeister, 1838) ♂ [coll. FH]; D. Phanocloidea venezuelica sp. n. ♀ PT [coll. FH]; E. Phanocloidea venezuelica sp. n. ♂ PT [coll. FH]; F. Phanocloidea turgida (Westwood, 1859) ♀ [coll. FH]; G. Phanocloidea turgida (Westwood, 1859) ♂ [coll. FH]; H. Phanocloidea tobagoense (Langlois &amp; Bellanger, 2012) ♀ HT [MNHN]; J. Phanocloidea submutica (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀ [ANSP]; K. Phanocloidea schulthessi (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀ [ANSP]; L. Phanocloidea schulthessi (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂ [ANSP]; M. Phanocles solidus sp. n. ♀ HT [ANSP]; N. Phanocles horni (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀ [coll. FH]. Not in scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071680/files/figure.png" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">87N</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF16D8D3FCE7F0D12A7DE4FF" box="[805,855,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 92" captionStartId="412.[151,250,1725,1749]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,181,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-22@412.[151,1435,181,1701]" captionTargetPageId="412" captionText="FIGURE 92. Praeopercular organ of ♀♀: A. Phanocles berezini sp. n. PT [coll. FH]; B. Phanocles horni (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; C. Phanocles chaperi (Redtenbacher, 1908) HT [MNHN]; D. Phanocles keratosqueleton (Olivier, 1792) St. Vincent [coll. ASPER, © Philippe Lelong]; E. Phanocles keratosqueleton (Olivier, 1792) Dominica [coll. ASPER, © Philippe Lelong]; F. Phanocles mutica (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) Trinidad [coll. ASPER, © Philippe Lelong]; G. Phanocles ecuadoricus sp. n. PT [ZMUH]; H. Phanocles maximus sp. n. [coll. FH]; J. Phanocles spectabilis sp. n. PT [coll. FH]. Not in scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071692/files/figure.png" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">92B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF16D8D3FCA0F0D12AB8E4FF" box="[866,914,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 97" captionStartId="417.[151,250,1699,1723]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,203,1676]" captionTargetId="figure-17@417.[151,1435,199,1676]" captionTargetPageId="417" captionText="FIGURE 97. Vomer of ♂♂: A. Phanocles falcatus sp. n. HT lateral view [NHMUK]; B. Phanocles falcatus sp. n. PT [MNHN]; C. Phanocles maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) [MNHN]; D. Phanocles costaricensis Hennemann, 2002 [coll. FH]; E. Phanocles maximus sp. n. PT Laguna San Carlos, Panamá [coll. FH]; F. Phanocles significans (Redtenbacher, 1908) [ANSP]; G. Phanocles virgulatus (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; H. Phanocles ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) [coll. FH]; J. Phanocles vosseleri (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; K. Phanocles spectabilis sp. n. PT [ANSP]; L. Phanocles horni (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; M. Phanocles acutecornutus sp. n. PT [ZSMC]; N. Phanocles mutica (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) [coll. ASPER, © Philippe Lelong]; O. Phanocles keratosqueleton (Olivier, 1792) St. Vincent [coll. ASPER, © Philippe Lelong]. Not in scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071705/files/figure.png" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">97L</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF16D8D3FC5FF0D12AF7E4FF" box="[925,989,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 100" captionStartId="420.[151,250,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[217,1385,185,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-22@420.[201,1386,181,1733]" captionTargetPageId="420" captionText="FIGURE 100. Eggs: A. Phanocles berezini sp. n. [coll. FH]; B. Phanocles horni (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; C. Parotocrania panamae gen. n., sp. n. PT [coll. FH]; D. Trychopeplus laciniatus (Westwood, 1874) [coll. OC]; E. Cranidium gibbosum (Burmeister, 1838) [coll. FH]; F. Phanoclocrania gen. n. dorsuaria (Stål, 1875) [coll. FH]; G. Phanocloidea procera (Conle et al., 2021) [coll. FH]; H. Phanocloidea incolumis (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) [coll. FH]; J. Phanocloidea schulthessi (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; K. Phanocloidea pallidenotata (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. TR]; L. Phanocloidea muricata (Burmeister, 1838) [coll. FH]; M. Phanocloidea venezuelica sp. n. PT [coll. FH]; N. Phanocloidea tobagoense (Langlois &amp; Bellanger, 2012) [coll. FH]; O. Phanocloidea turgida (Westwood, 1859) [coll. FH]; P. Phanocloidea incompta (Rehn, 1904) [coll. FH]. [Scale = 1 mm]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071711/files/figure.png" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">100B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF16D8D3FC2AF0D12D63E4FF" box="[1000,1097,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 119" captionStartId="439.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[177,1409,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-17@439.[177,1409,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="439" captionText="FIGURE 119. Live insects of Phanocles horni (Redtenbacher, 1908): A. Closeup of head and thorax of ♀ near border between Oaxaca and Chiapas, SW-Mexico (© Paolo Fontana); B. Head and thorax of captive raered ♀ with strongly developed and brightly coloured thoracic armature; C. Head and thorax of captive raered ♀ with moderately developed thoracic armature; D. Mating couple." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071766/files/figure.png" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">119A–D</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E6544FF16D8D3FF55F09128B2E51B" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF16D8D3FF55F0912B1CE53A" blockId="182.[151,667,249,488]" box="[151,566,249,273]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4411E1FF16D8D3FF55F0912B1CE53A" box="[151,566,249,273]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF510DEFF16D8D3FF55F0912B18E53A" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[151,562,249,273]" page="419" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" year="1908">
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF16D8D3FF55F0912B18E53A" ID-CoL="K9F3" authority="Redtenbacher, 1908: 419" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityPageNumber="419" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,562,249,273]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Bacteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horni">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF16D8D3FF55F0912806E53A" box="[151,300,249,273]" italics="true" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Bacteria horni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B3EFF16D8D3FEF0F0922B18E53A" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[306,562,249,273]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" pagination="341 - 589" refId="ref332052" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1908) n. k. In: Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. III. Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). Verlag W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 341 - 589, pls. 16 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1908">Redtenbacher, 1908: 419</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF16D8D3FF05F17328B2E51B" blockId="182.[151,667,249,488]" box="[199,408,280,304]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B3EFF16D8D3FF05F17328BEE51B" author="Shelford, R. W. C." box="[199,404,280,304]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" pagination="5 - 8" refId="ref332528" refString="Shelford, R. W. C. (1909) Family Phasmidae. In: Godman, F. D. &amp; Salvin, O. (Eds.), Biologia Centrali-Americana; or, Contributions to the knowledge of the Fauna and Flora of Mexico and Central America. Insecta, Orthoptera. Vol. 2. R. H. Porter, London, pp. 343 - 377, pls. 5 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 730" type="book chapter" year="1909">Shelford, 1909: 364</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E6544FF16D8D3FF05F15C2842E5C3" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF16D8D3FF05F15C2858E564" blockId="182.[151,667,249,488]" box="[199,370,311,335]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Brock, 1998: 33.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF16D8D3FF05F13E2894E546" blockId="182.[151,667,249,488]" box="[199,446,341,365]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B3EFF16D8D3FF05F13E2890E546" author="Otte, D. &amp; Brock, P." box="[199,442,341,365]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" refId="ref331591" refString="Otte, D. &amp; Brock, P. (2005) Phasmid Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the World. The Insect Diversity Association and the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 414 pp. [CafePress. com]" type="book" year="2005">Otte &amp; Brock, 2005: 64</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF16D8D3FF05F11E28ACE5A7" blockId="182.[151,667,249,488]" box="[199,390,372,396]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B3EFF16D8D3FF05F11E28A8E5A7" author="Harman, A. J. E." box="[199,386,372,396]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" pagination="26 - 27" refId="ref328385" refString="Harman, A. J. E. (2015) The development of the Phasmid Species List Part Seven: PSG No. 301 - PSG No. 350. Phasmid Study Group Newsletter, 135, 26 - 27." type="journal article" year="2015">Harman, 2015: 27</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF16D8D3FF05F1F82BB1E580" blockId="182.[151,667,249,488]" box="[199,667,403,427]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B3EFF16D8D3FF05F1F82BBDE580" author="Lopez-Mora, U. &amp; Llorente-Bousquets, J." box="[199,663,403,427]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" pagination="46 - 78" refId="ref331222" refString="Lopez-Mora, U. &amp; Llorente-Bousquets, J. (2018) Lista de especies y clave ilustrada de los generos de Phasmatodea (Insecta) de Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 89, 46 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.22201 / ib. 20078706 e. 2018.1.2175" type="journal article" year="2018">López-Mora &amp; Llorente-Bousquets, 2018: 48</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF16D8D3FF05F1DA2BA3E5E2" blockId="182.[151,667,249,488]" box="[199,649,433,458]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B3EFF16D8D3FF05F1DA28C6E5E2" author="Brock, P. D. &amp; Buscher, T. H." box="[199,492,433,458]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" refId="ref325523" refString="Brock, P. D. &amp; Buscher, T. H. (2022) Stick and Leaf Insects of the world. Phasmids. N. A. P. Editions, Verrieres le Buisson, 609 pp." type="book" year="2022">Brock &amp; Büscher, 2022: 216</bibRefCitation>
, 232, 510, figs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF16D8D3FF05F1BA2842E5C3" blockId="182.[151,667,249,488]" box="[199,360,464,488]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B3EFF16D8D3FF05F1BA284EE5C3" author="Luna, M. de" box="[199,356,464,488]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" pagination="90 - 105" refId="ref331277" refString="Luna, M. de (2022) Checklist of stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) of North America, with three new records for Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Phasmid Studies, 21, 90 - 105." type="journal article" year="2022">Luna, 2022: 91</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E6544FF16D8D3FF55F27A2A23E757" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF16D8D3FF55F27A2BC2E600" blockId="182.[151,744,529,558]" box="[151,744,529,558]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF16D8D3FF55F27A2BC2E600" bold="true" box="[151,744,529,558]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">
Further material examined [
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF16D8D3FE28F27A2B13E605" box="[490,569,529,558]" count="94" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" type="male">94 ♂♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF16D8D3FD85F27A2BBEE605" box="[583,660,529,558]" count="59" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" type="female">59 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, eggs]:
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF16D8D3FF55F23B2A23E757" blockId="182.[151,1437,592,892]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3C92FF16D8D3FF55F23B2DF6E64C" box="[151,1244,592,616]" collectionCode="NHMW" collectorName="Coll. Br. &amp; Mus. Budapest" country="Mexico" location="Procopp" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Mexico">
<collectingCountry id="F343765FFF16D8D3FF55F23B29D5E643" box="[151,255,592,616]" name="Mexico" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
: 
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF16D8D3FECBF23B281BE64C" box="[265,305,592,616]" count="1" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
: 
<collectingRegion id="4990F82DFF16D8D3FEFFF23B28A7E643" box="[317,397,592,616]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Mexico</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="8E8B6014FF16D8D3FE55F23B28C5E64C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87D9FF16D8D2FF55F0FD2C22E056:8E8B6014FF16D8D3FE55F23B28C5E64C" box="[407,495,592,615]" country="Mexico" name="Procopp" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" stateProvince="Mexico">Procopp</location>
; 
<collectorName id="26A15319FF16D8D3FE3BF23B2B7BE64C" box="[505,593,592,616]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Coll. Br.</collectorName>
v. W., ex 
<collectorName id="26A15319FF16D8D3FD74F23B2A78E643" box="[694,850,592,616]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Mus. Budapest</collectorName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF16D8D3FC9EF23A2AD0E643" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1908" box="[860,1018,592,616]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Bostra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobulata">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF16D8D3FC9EF23A2AD0E643" box="[860,1018,592,616]" italics="true" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Bostra lobulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
m.; 23.319 [
<collectionCode id="ED45AE0AFF16D8D3FBB9F23B2DFCE64C" box="[1147,1238,592,615]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3C92FF16D8D3FB25F23B2803E68E" collectingDate="1974-01-10" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="M. Descamps &amp; Museum Paris &amp; Mexique" country="Mexico" elevation="1050" location="Tehuantepec" municipality="Etat" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Oaxaca">
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF16D8D3FB25F23B2C25E64C" box="[1255,1295,592,616]" count="1" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8FACB5FF16D8D3FAD9F23B2C6EE64C" box="[1307,1348,592,615]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Etat</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingRegion id="4990F82DFF16D8D3FA88F23B2CB3E643" box="[1354,1433,592,616]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
, km. 98 entre 
<collectingRegion id="4990F82DFF16D8D3FE8CF20428B0E6AC" box="[334,410,623,647]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
et 
<location id="8E8B6014FF16D8D3FE7BF2042B11E6AC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87D9FF16D8D2FF55F0FD2C22E056:8E8B6014FF16D8D3FE7BF2042B11E6AC" box="[441,571,623,647]" country="Mexico" municipality="Etat" name="Tehuantepec" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" stateProvince="Oaxaca">Tehuantepec</location>
, 
<quantity id="4CAC9B2AFF16D8D3FD84F2052BA5E6AD" box="[582,655,622,646]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" unit="m" value="1050.0">
<elevation id="0079D1FCFF16D8D3FD84F2052BA5E6AD" box="[582,655,622,646]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" unit="m" value="1050.0">1050m</elevation>
</quantity>
. 
<date id="FFEA100FFF16D8D3FD58F2042A24E6AC" box="[666,782,623,647]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" value="1974-01-10">
<collectingDate id="EFAEE9E7FF16D8D3FD58F2042A24E6AC" box="[666,782,623,647]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" value="1974-01-10">10–1–1974</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26A15319FF16D8D3FCDBF2042A8EE6AD" box="[793,932,623,646]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">M. Descamps</collectorName>
rec.; 
<collectorName id="26A15319FF16D8D3FC1CF2042D59E6AC" box="[990,1139,623,647]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Muséum Paris</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26A15319FF16D8D3FBBFF2042DF0E6AC" box="[1149,1242,623,647]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Mexique</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26A15319FF16D8D3FB26F2042C5AE6AD" box="[1252,1392,623,646]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">M. Descamps</collectorName>
rec. [
<collectionCode id="ED45AE0AFF16D8D3FF0FF2E52808E68E" box="[205,290,654,677]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">MNHN</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3C92FF16D8D3FEF7F2E62BC8E6E8" collectingDate="2008-09-15" collectionCode="PF" collectorName="Est. S. D. Tehuantepec &amp; Fontana &amp; Buzetti" country="Mexico" elevation="440" location="Carr." pageId="182" pageNumber="183" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-female="7" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Mexico">
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF16D8D3FEF7F2E62858E68E" box="[309,370,653,677]" count="4" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" type="male">4 ♂♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF16D8D3FEBCF2E52891E68E" box="[382,443,654,677]" count="7" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" type="female">7 ♀♀</specimenCount>
: 
<collectingRegion id="4990F82DFF16D8D3FE0AF2E62B32E68E" box="[456,536,653,677]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Mexico</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="4990F82DFF16D8D3FDE6F2E62B59E68E" box="[548,627,653,677]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="8E8B6014FF16D8D3FDBDF2E62B98E68E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87D9FF16D8D2FF55F0FD2C22E056:8E8B6014FF16D8D3FDBDF2E62B98E68E" box="[639,690,653,677]" country="Mexico" name="Carr." pageId="182" pageNumber="183" stateProvince="Mexico">Carr.</location>
190, 
<collectorName id="26A15319FF16D8D3FD2FF2E52AF1E68E" box="[749,987,653,677]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Est. S. D. Tehuantepec</collectorName>
, 
<quantity id="4CAC9B2AFF16D8D3FC2AF2E62D06E68E" box="[1000,1068,653,677]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" unit="m" value="440.0">
<elevation id="0079D1FCFF16D8D3FC2AF2E62D06E68E" box="[1000,1068,653,677]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" unit="m" value="440.0">440 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFEA100FFF16D8D3FBFAF2E62D84E68E" box="[1080,1198,653,677]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" value="2008-09-15">
<collectingDate id="EFAEE9E7FF16D8D3FBFAF2E62D84E68E" box="[1080,1198,653,677]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" value="2008-09-15">15.IX.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
, #10, N 16°24’95’’, W 095°40’44’’, leg. 
<collectorName id="26A15319FF16D8D3FEB8F2C728E4E6E8" box="[378,462,684,707]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Fontana</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26A15319FF16D8D3FE1AF2C72B0EE6EF" box="[472,548,684,708]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Buzetti</collectorName>
, Mariño-P. z. [
<collectionCode id="ED45AE0AFF16D8D3FD7AF2C72BF1E6E8" box="[696,731,684,707]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">PF</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
; 
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(+ 
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): 
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, 
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, 
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190 (border OAX-CHI) 
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Est.
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, 
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, 
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<collectingDate id="EFAEE9E7FF16D8D3FDA4F2A02BF6E6C8" box="[614,732,715,739]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" value="2008-09-13">13.IX.2008</collectingDate>
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, #7, N 16°26’33’’, W 094°05’47’’, leg. 
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, 
<collectorName id="26A15319FF16D8D3FB09F2A02C3DE6C8" box="[1227,1303,715,739]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Buzetti</collectorName>
, Mariño-P. z. [
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]
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; 
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, eggs: ex 
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: F. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B3EFF16D8D3FDA6F2812A31E72A" author="Hennemann, F. H. &amp; Conle, O. V." box="[612,795,745,769]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" pagination="101 - 113" refId="ref329012" refString="Hennemann, F. H. &amp; Conle, O. V. (2010) Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea X: Redescriptions of Aplopocranidium Zompro, 2004 and Jeremia Redtenbacher, 1908, with a survey of the tribe Cladomorphini Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893 and keys to the genera (Insecta: Phasmatodea: &quot; Anareolatae &quot;: Cladomorphinae). Journal of Orthoptera Research, 19 (1), 101 - 113. https: // doi. org / 10.1665 / 034.019.0116" type="journal article" year="2010">Hennemann 2010</bibRefCitation>
/11, 
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, 
<collectingRegion id="4990F82DFF16D8D3FC62F2822AC7E72A" box="[928,1005,745,769]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
/ 
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, 
<collectorName id="26A15319FF16D8D3FB93F2812C10E72A" box="[1105,1338,745,769]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Est. S. de Tehuantepec</collectorName>
, 
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<elevation id="0079D1FCFF16D8D3FA86F28229F7E734" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.255" metricValueMax="6.11" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" unit="m" value="525.5" valueMax="611.0" valueMin="440.0">440–611 m</elevation>
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, 13.–15.IX.08; F2– 
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[
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, 
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0700–1 to 31, E]
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; 
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, 
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(in copula), 
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<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF16D8D3FB83F3632DA4E734" box="[1089,1166,776,800]" count="16" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" type="male">16 ♂♂</specimenCount>
: ex 
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: 
<collectorName id="26A15319FF16D8D3FAC4F3632CB6E734" box="[1286,1436,776,799]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">F. Hennemann</collectorName>
2012–2015, 
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, 
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/ 
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, 
<collectorName id="26A15319FF16D8D3FD9BF34C2A6DE714" box="[601,839,807,831]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Est. S. de Tehuantepec</collectorName>
, 
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, 13.–15.IX.08 [
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, 
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0700–32 to 51]
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; 
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<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF16D8D3FA41F34D29C5E776" count="59" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" type="male">59 ♂♂</specimenCount>
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, 
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: 
<location id="8E8B6014FF16D8D3FE71F32D2B3FE776" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87D9FF16D8D2FF55F0FD2C22E056:8E8B6014FF16D8D3FE71F32D2B3FE776" box="[435,533,837,861]" country="Mexico" name="Ex Zucht" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" stateProvince="Mexico">Ex Zucht</location>
: 
<collectorName id="26A15319FF16D8D3FDDCF32E2B50E776" box="[542,634,837,861]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">O. Conle</collectorName>
2010–2012 PSG 330 CLP 332, 
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: S-Mexiko, 
<collectingRegion id="4990F82DFF16D8D3FB4EF32E2DF1E776" box="[1164,1243,837,861]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
, near 
<collectorName id="26A15319FF16D8D3FAD4F32E2CB2E776" box="[1302,1432,837,861]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Tehuantepec</collectorName>
, 
<quantity id="4CAC9B2AFF16D8D3FF05F30F281FE757" box="[199,309,868,892]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.255" metricValueMax="6.11" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" unit="m" value="525.5" valueMax="611.0" valueMin="440.0">
<elevation id="0079D1FCFF16D8D3FF05F30F281FE757" box="[199,309,868,892]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.255" metricValueMax="6.11" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" unit="m" value="525.5" valueMax="611.0" valueMin="440.0">440–611m</elevation>
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, leg. 
<collectorName id="26A15319FF16D8D3FEA9F30F28D7E750" box="[363,509,868,892]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Paolo Fontana</collectorName>
2010 [
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, 0431–1 to 90]
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E6544FF16D8D2FF55F3CE2898E682" lastPageId="183" lastPageNumber="184" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF16D8D3FF55F3CE2D09E160" blockId="182.[151,1437,933,2039]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF16D8D3FF55F3CE2838E794" bold="true" box="[151,274,933,959]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This peculiar species is well recognised amongst 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF16D8D3FCFCF3CE2A99E794" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1875" box="[830,947,933,959]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phanocles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF16D8D3FCFCF3CE2A99E794" box="[830,947,933,959]" italics="true" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Phanocles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and separated from other Central American species of the genus by a number of morphological features. Females (fig. 52A) are characteristic for the distinctly spinose meso- and metathorax and median segment (
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF16D8D3FD2DF3862A75E023" box="[751,863,1005,1032]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="378.[151,250,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,186,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-22@378.[151,1436,181,1711]" captionTargetPageId="378" captionText="FIGURE 58. Phanocles Stål, 1875 head and prothorax: A. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀, lateral view [coll. FH]; B. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002 ♀, lateral view [coll. FH]; C. P. ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) ♀, lateral view [coll. FH]; D. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, lateral view [MNHN]; E. P. satyr (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀ dorsolateral view [ANSP]; F. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♀ PT, lateral view [coll. FH]; G. P. maximus sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; H. P. spectabilis sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; J. P. spectabilis sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; K. P. subvolans (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀, dorsolateral view [ANSP]; L. P. horni (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071613" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071613/files/figure.png" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Figs. 58L</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF16D8D3FCA9F3862AE7E02C" box="[875,973,1005,1031]" captionStart="FIGURE 119" captionStartId="439.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[177,1409,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-17@439.[177,1409,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="439" captionText="FIGURE 119. Live insects of Phanocles horni (Redtenbacher, 1908): A. Closeup of head and thorax of ♀ near border between Oaxaca and Chiapas, SW-Mexico (© Paolo Fontana); B. Head and thorax of captive raered ♀ with strongly developed and brightly coloured thoracic armature; C. Head and thorax of captive raered ♀ with moderately developed thoracic armature; D. Mating couple." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071766/files/figure.png" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">119A–C</figureCitation>
), almost smooth meso- and metasternum (
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF16D8D3FF5DF47A282CE000" box="[159,262,1041,1067]" captionStart="FIGURE 87" captionStartId="407.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[233,1351,181,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-17@407.[232,1355,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="407" captionText="FIGURE 87. Mesosternum: A. Phanocloidea incolumis (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) ♀ [NHMUK]; B. Phanocloidea muricata (Burmeister, 1838) ♀ [coll. FH]; C. Phanocloidea muricata (Burmeister, 1838) ♂ [coll. FH]; D. Phanocloidea venezuelica sp. n. ♀ PT [coll. FH]; E. Phanocloidea venezuelica sp. n. ♂ PT [coll. FH]; F. Phanocloidea turgida (Westwood, 1859) ♀ [coll. FH]; G. Phanocloidea turgida (Westwood, 1859) ♂ [coll. FH]; H. Phanocloidea tobagoense (Langlois &amp; Bellanger, 2012) ♀ HT [MNHN]; J. Phanocloidea submutica (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀ [ANSP]; K. Phanocloidea schulthessi (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀ [ANSP]; L. Phanocloidea schulthessi (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂ [ANSP]; M. Phanocles solidus sp. n. ♀ HT [ANSP]; N. Phanocles horni (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀ [coll. FH]. Not in scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071680/files/figure.png" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Fig. 87N</figureCitation>
), very small posterolateral lobe of abdominal tergum VII, short gonapophyses VIII, that do not project over the posterior margin of the anal segment, and ± whitish head. The long, lanceolate and acutely pointed subgenital plate, that notably extends beyond the apex of the abdomen (
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF16D8D3FC89F4322AF7E058" box="[843,989,1113,1139]" captionStart="FIGURE 64" captionStartId="384.[151,250,1724,1748]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,181,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-22@384.[213,1374,181,1700]" captionTargetPageId="384" captionText="FIGURE 64. Phanocles Stål, 1875 terminalia of ♀♀: A. P. superbus sp. n. ♀ HT, lateral view [MNHN]; B. P. superbus sp. n. ♀ HT, dorsal view [MNHN]; C. P. superbus sp. n. ♀ HT, ventral view [MNHN]; D. P. acutecornutus sp. n. ♀ PT, lateral view [ZSMC]; E. P. berezini sp. n. ♀ PT, lateral view [coll. FH]; F. P. berezini sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsal view [coll. FH]; G. P. berezini sp. n. ♀ PT, ventral view [coll. FH]; H. P. muticus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907), lateral view [coll. FH]; J. P. muticus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907), dorsal view [coll. FH]; K. P. muticus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907), ventral view [coll. FH]; L. P. horni (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view [coll. FH]; M. P. horni (Redtenbacher, 1908), dorsal view [coll. FH]; N. P. horni(Redtenbacher, 1908), ventral view [coll. FH]; O. P. mexicanus sp. n. ♀ PT, lateral view [MNHN]; P. P. mexicanus sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsal view [MNHN]; Q. P. mexicanus sp. n. ♀ HT, ventral view [MNHN]; R. P. barbadosense sp. n. ♀ PT, lateral view [ANSP]; S. P. barbadosense sp. n. ♀ PT, ventral view [ANSP]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071629/files/figure.png" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Figs. 64L–N</figureCitation>
) is shared with the Mexican 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF16D8D3FAE4F4312CB6E058" authority="Hennemann &amp; Conle, 2024" authorityName="Hennemann &amp; Conle" authorityYear="2024" box="[1318,1436,1113,1139]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phanocles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="berezini" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF16D8D3FAE4F4312CB6E058" box="[1318,1436,1113,1139]" italics="true" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">P. berezini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF16D8D3FF55F41629DAE0BC" bold="true" box="[151,240,1149,1175]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357A6FF16D8D3FF55F41629DAE0BC" box="[151,240,1149,1175]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Males (
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF16D8D3FE8BF4162887E0B3" box="[329,429,1149,1176]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="375.[151,250,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,204,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-17@375.[151,1435,199,1766]" captionTargetPageId="375" captionText="FIGURE 55. Phanocles Stål, 1875: A. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♂ PT (Ecuador, Prov. Esmeraldas, Rio Verde), dorsolateral view [MNCN]; B. P. falcatus sp. n. ♂ PT (Ecuador, Prov. Napo, Misahualli), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0919–3]; C. P. maximus sp. n. ♀ PT (captive reared from Panamá, Prov. Coclé, Valle deAntón), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 1360–3]; D. P. spectabilis sp. n. ♂ PT (captive reared from Costa Rica, Prov. Puntarenas, La Gamba), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0563–18]; E. P. ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) ♀ (Panamá, Prov. Coclé, Valle de Antón 650–850 m), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0705–12]; F. P. obtusus (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂ (Venezuela, Aragua N.P., Rancho Grande), dorsolateral view [ANSP]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071603/files/figure.png" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Fig. 55D</figureCitation>
) are readily recognised by the almost entirely white head (
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF16D8D3FBF7F4162DB0E0BC" box="[1077,1178,1149,1175]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="380.[151,250,1617,1641]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,204,1590]" captionTargetId="figure-22@380.[151,1435,199,1594]" captionTargetPageId="380" captionText="FIGURE 60. Phanocles Stål, 1875 head and prothorax: A. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; B. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002 ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; C. P. muticus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; D. P. mexicanus sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view [UMMZ, © Erika Tucker]; E. P. horni (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; F. P. maximus sp. n. ♂ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; G. P. spectabilis sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view [coll. FH]; H. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; J. P. vosseleri (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071621/files/figure.png" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Fig. 60E</figureCitation>
), strongly enlarged and broadened anal segment (
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF16D8D3FE79F4CA2B7BE090" box="[443,593,1185,1211]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="380.[151,250,1617,1641]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,204,1590]" captionTargetId="figure-22@380.[151,1435,199,1594]" captionTargetPageId="380" captionText="FIGURE 60. Phanocles Stål, 1875 head and prothorax: A. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; B. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002 ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; C. P. muticus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; D. P. mexicanus sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view [UMMZ, © Erika Tucker]; E. P. horni (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; F. P. maximus sp. n. ♂ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; G. P. spectabilis sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view [coll. FH]; H. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]; J. P. vosseleri (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂, lateral view [coll. FH]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071621/files/figure.png" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Figs. 60A–B</figureCitation>
), that is notably broader than all preceding abdominal segments, obtusely bidentate apex of the vomer (
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF16D8D3FE2AF4AE2B67E0F4" box="[488,589,1221,1247]" captionStart="FIGURE 97" captionStartId="417.[151,250,1699,1723]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,203,1676]" captionTargetId="figure-17@417.[151,1435,199,1676]" captionTargetPageId="417" captionText="FIGURE 97. Vomer of ♂♂: A. Phanocles falcatus sp. n. HT lateral view [NHMUK]; B. Phanocles falcatus sp. n. PT [MNHN]; C. Phanocles maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) [MNHN]; D. Phanocles costaricensis Hennemann, 2002 [coll. FH]; E. Phanocles maximus sp. n. PT Laguna San Carlos, Panamá [coll. FH]; F. Phanocles significans (Redtenbacher, 1908) [ANSP]; G. Phanocles virgulatus (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; H. Phanocles ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) [coll. FH]; J. Phanocles vosseleri (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; K. Phanocles spectabilis sp. n. PT [ANSP]; L. Phanocles horni (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; M. Phanocles acutecornutus sp. n. PT [ZSMC]; N. Phanocles mutica (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) [coll. ASPER, © Philippe Lelong]; O. Phanocles keratosqueleton (Olivier, 1792) St. Vincent [coll. ASPER, © Philippe Lelong]. Not in scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071705/files/figure.png" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Fig. 97L</figureCitation>
) and the very distinct annulations of the legs. The eggs (
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF16D8D3FB18F4AE2C67E0F4" box="[1242,1357,1221,1247]" captionStart="FIGURE 100" captionStartId="420.[151,250,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[217,1385,185,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-22@420.[201,1386,181,1733]" captionTargetPageId="420" captionText="FIGURE 100. Eggs: A. Phanocles berezini sp. n. [coll. FH]; B. Phanocles horni (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; C. Parotocrania panamae gen. n., sp. n. PT [coll. FH]; D. Trychopeplus laciniatus (Westwood, 1874) [coll. OC]; E. Cranidium gibbosum (Burmeister, 1838) [coll. FH]; F. Phanoclocrania gen. n. dorsuaria (Stål, 1875) [coll. FH]; G. Phanocloidea procera (Conle et al., 2021) [coll. FH]; H. Phanocloidea incolumis (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) [coll. FH]; J. Phanocloidea schulthessi (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; K. Phanocloidea pallidenotata (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. TR]; L. Phanocloidea muricata (Burmeister, 1838) [coll. FH]; M. Phanocloidea venezuelica sp. n. PT [coll. FH]; N. Phanocloidea tobagoense (Langlois &amp; Bellanger, 2012) [coll. FH]; O. Phanocloidea turgida (Westwood, 1859) [coll. FH]; P. Phanocloidea incompta (Rehn, 1904) [coll. FH]. [Scale = 1 mm]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071711/files/figure.png" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Fig. 100B</figureCitation>
) differ from all other known eggs of the genus by the almost ovoid and just minutely coriaceous but not punctured capsule, that has the polar area rounded and is blackish in colour with the dorsal surface pale grey. Moreover, also the hollow opercular excrescence is much higher than in all other known eggs of 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF16D8D3FC65F55A2D36E160" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1875" box="[935,1052,1329,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Phanocles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF16D8D3FC65F55A2D36E160" box="[935,1052,1329,1355]" italics="true" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Phanocles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF16D8D3FF05F53E2873E384" blockId="182.[151,1437,933,2039]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF16D8D3FF05F53E2867E144" bold="true" box="[199,333,1365,1391]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Variability.</emphasis>
Females of this species in particular show a remarkable size range. Considerable variability is also seen in the number, degree and size of the thoracic spines in 
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF16D8D3FC84F5122A5AE1B8" box="[838,880,1401,1427]" count="1" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
(
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF16D8D3FCBDF5122AC5E1BF" box="[895,1007,1401,1428]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="378.[151,250,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,186,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-22@378.[151,1436,181,1711]" captionTargetPageId="378" captionText="FIGURE 58. Phanocles Stål, 1875 head and prothorax: A. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀, lateral view [coll. FH]; B. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002 ♀, lateral view [coll. FH]; C. P. ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) ♀, lateral view [coll. FH]; D. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, lateral view [MNHN]; E. P. satyr (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀ dorsolateral view [ANSP]; F. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♀ PT, lateral view [coll. FH]; G. P. maximus sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; H. P. spectabilis sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; J. P. spectabilis sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; K. P. subvolans (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀, dorsolateral view [ANSP]; L. P. horni (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071613" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071613/files/figure.png" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Figs. 58L</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF16D8D3FC39F5122D77E1B8" box="[1019,1117,1401,1427]" captionStart="FIGURE 119" captionStartId="439.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[177,1409,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-17@439.[177,1409,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="439" captionText="FIGURE 119. Live insects of Phanocles horni (Redtenbacher, 1908): A. Closeup of head and thorax of ♀ near border between Oaxaca and Chiapas, SW-Mexico (© Paolo Fontana); B. Head and thorax of captive raered ♀ with strongly developed and brightly coloured thoracic armature; C. Head and thorax of captive raered ♀ with moderately developed thoracic armature; D. Mating couple." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071766/files/figure.png" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">119A–C</figureCitation>
), which can be rather sparse or densely cover the entire meso- and metanotum, the meso- and metapleurae and the median segment. In some specimens with large and numerous spines, the largest of these on the mesonotum may be rather obtuse and peg-like (
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF16D8D3FF5DF58E283BE22B" box="[159,273,1509,1536]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="378.[151,250,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,186,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-22@378.[151,1436,181,1711]" captionTargetPageId="378" captionText="FIGURE 58. Phanocles Stål, 1875 head and prothorax: A. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀, lateral view [coll. FH]; B. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002 ♀, lateral view [coll. FH]; C. P. ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) ♀, lateral view [coll. FH]; D. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, lateral view [MNHN]; E. P. satyr (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀ dorsolateral view [ANSP]; F. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♀ PT, lateral view [coll. FH]; G. P. maximus sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; H. P. spectabilis sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; J. P. spectabilis sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; K. P. subvolans (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀, dorsolateral view [ANSP]; L. P. horni (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071613" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071613/files/figure.png" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Figs. 58L</figureCitation>
). While the meso- and metapleurae are distinctly spinose in most specimens at hand, the pleural spines are much reduced and merely represented as small spiniform tubercles in a fairly small percentage of the specimens. Variability is also seen in the colouration of the thoracic spines which can be bright dark red (mostly in specimens with very pronounced armature) or dull yellow to ochre. The pair of cephalic spines shows slight variability in size and shape. The main colouration ranges from yellowish grey and pale buff over drab to greyish mid brown and the head is more or less distinctly white, although there are some specimens which only have the dorsal portion of the vertex faintly white. In contrast to 
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF16D8D3FD88F6D62B5FE2FC" box="[586,629,1725,1751]" count="1" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
, no considerable variability other than a moderate size range and slight variability in colouration is seen in the numerous 
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF16D8D3FD17F68A2BD5E2D0" box="[725,767,1761,1787]" count="1" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
examined in the context of the present study. Noteworthy size variation is also seen in the distinctive eggs, which are here described for the first time. While identical in morphology, the larger eggs are black in colour whereas the black portions are sepia in most of the smaller examples. Interestingly, some 
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF16D8D3FEB7F72628B5E34C" box="[373,415,1869,1895]" count="1" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
constantly lay the larger black eggs while other exceptionally lay the smaller, brown 
<typeStatus id="54EF886DFF16D8D3FAAEF7262CB6E34C" box="[1388,1436,1869,1895]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">type</typeStatus>
of eggs. Body lengths: 
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF16D8D3FE5EF71A28ECE3A0" box="[412,454,1905,1931]" count="1" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
78.0–102.0 mm, 
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF16D8D3FD4CF71A2B92E3A0" box="[654,696,1905,1931]" count="1" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
135.5–176.0 (including subgenital plate), 127.0–171.0 mm (excl. subgenital plate).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF16D8D2FF05F7D22D5FE64A" blockId="182.[151,1437,933,2039]" lastBlockId="183.[151,1437,151,1149]" lastPageId="183" lastPageNumber="184" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF16D8D3FF05F7D228A0E3F9" bold="true" box="[199,394,1976,2003]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">
Egg (
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF16D8D3FEC4F7D32857E3F9" box="[262,381,1976,2002]" captionStart="FIGURE 100" captionStartId="420.[151,250,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[217,1385,185,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-22@420.[201,1386,181,1733]" captionTargetPageId="420" captionText="FIGURE 100. Eggs: A. Phanocles berezini sp. n. [coll. FH]; B. Phanocles horni (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; C. Parotocrania panamae gen. n., sp. n. PT [coll. FH]; D. Trychopeplus laciniatus (Westwood, 1874) [coll. OC]; E. Cranidium gibbosum (Burmeister, 1838) [coll. FH]; F. Phanoclocrania gen. n. dorsuaria (Stål, 1875) [coll. FH]; G. Phanocloidea procera (Conle et al., 2021) [coll. FH]; H. Phanocloidea incolumis (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) [coll. FH]; J. Phanocloidea schulthessi (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; K. Phanocloidea pallidenotata (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. TR]; L. Phanocloidea muricata (Burmeister, 1838) [coll. FH]; M. Phanocloidea venezuelica sp. n. PT [coll. FH]; N. Phanocloidea tobagoense (Langlois &amp; Bellanger, 2012) [coll. FH]; O. Phanocloidea turgida (Westwood, 1859) [coll. FH]; P. Phanocloidea incompta (Rehn, 1904) [coll. FH]. [Scale = 1 mm]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071711/files/figure.png" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Fig. 100B</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Large and atypical for the genus in several aspects. Shape of capsule ovoid, notably longer than wide or high, gently narrowed towards the polar end with the polar-area convex and rounded; slightly oval in cross-section and the dorsal surface slightly more convex than lateral or ventral surfaces. Capsule surface almost smooth, slightly glossy and just very minutely coriaceous (20x magnification). Micropylar plate elongate, very slightly but gradually widening towards the posterior with the anterior end rounded and the posterior end narrowed; about 3/4 the length of capsule and roughly 5x longer than wide. Surface sculptured like that of capsule and weakly convex medio-longitudinally, the outer margin slightly raised. Micropylar cup a small knoB-like swelling at posterior end of plate. Median line very fine but well defined and almost reaching to posterior pole of capsule. Operculum slightly oval. Operculum oval and with a very large sized, hollow and raised structure that is formed by a network of fimbriate or vein-like excrescences of the outer margin, that are connected by thin membranes (these only present in freshly laid eggs); the structure much higher than wide, somewhat narrowing towards the apex and often gently arcuate; height ± corresponding to two-thirds of capsule length. Colour of capsule basically plain dark grey to black or sepia, polar-area and most of dorsal surface pale grey to cream; centre of polar-area with an blackish central marking. Micropylar plate pale grey to cream with the very posterior portion dark brown and the outer margin marked by a fine yellow line. Opercular excrescence amber with the membranes yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF17D8D2FF05F2002898E682" blockId="183.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">Measurements [mm]: length incl. capitulum 5.9–7.0, length 3.4–3.9, width 2.7–3.0, height 3.0–3.4, length of micropylar plate 2.8–3.1.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E6544FF17D8D2FF05F2D92C22E056" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BEB36CFFF17D8D2FF05F2D92C22E056" blockId="183.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF17D8D2FF05F2D92865E6E7" bold="true" box="[199,335,690,716]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">Comments.</emphasis>
This species has been reared in captivity for several generations based on stock collected by Paolo Fontana along the carretera 190 near Tehuantepec at the border between the states of 
<collectingRegion id="4990F82DFF17D8D2FBA6F2BC2D92E6DA" box="[1124,1208,727,753]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion id="4990F82DFF17D8D2FB33F2BC2C64E6DA" box="[1265,1358,727,753]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
, South 
<collectingRegion id="4990F82DFF17D8D2FF55F29029C7E73E" box="[151,237,763,789]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">Mexico</collectingRegion>
in 
<date id="FFEA100FFF17D8D2FED4F29028FAE73E" box="[278,464,763,789]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" value="2008-09">September 2008</date>
(
<figureCitation id="136F2A4AFF17D8D2FE21F2902B76E73E" box="[483,604,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 130" captionStartId="450.[151,250,1609,1633]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,182,1586]" captionTargetId="figure-22@450.[151,1436,181,1586]" captionTargetPageId="450" captionText="FIGURE 130. Habitats: A. Mexico, border between Oaxaca and Chiapas: Dry bushy slopes (Phanocles horni) [© Paolo Fontana]; B. Peru, Dept. Huanuco, Panguana showing the first author with colleagues of ZSMC in the background in 2004: Primary Amazon lowland rainforest, 240 m (Phanocles virgulatus and Parotocrania curvata sp. n.); C. Costa Rica, Prov. Puntarenas, Osa Peninsula, Corcovado National Park: Coastal lowland rainforest (Calynda coronata, Phanocles spectabilis and Jeremiodes costaricensis); D. Panamá, Canal Zone, Parque Nacional Soberanía, “Camino de Plantación” near Gamboa: Primary and secondary lowland rainforest (Phanocles ploiaria, Parotocrania panamae sp. n. and Spinocloidea panamaense sp. n.); E. French Guiana, road near Matoury: Secondary growth with numerous pioneer plants along roadside in area of lowland rainforest (Phanocloidea muricata); F. French Guiana, Piste de Kaw: Primary lowland rainforest (Phanocloidea muricata, Phanocloidea procera and Cranidium gibbosum)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11071802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11071802/files/figure.png" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">Fig. 130A</figureCitation>
). Captive breeding has proven fairly easy in large gauze cages and in a moderately humid but well-ventilated environment.Average temperatures of 25°C have found to be appropriate and daily spray with fresh water was much appreciated by nymphs and adults, which were frequently observed drinking. Alternative food plants frequently accepted included bramble (
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF17D8D2FCB8F30C2D10E7AA" box="[890,1082,871,897]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosus">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF17D8D2FCB8F30C2D10E7AA" box="[890,1082,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">Rubus fruticosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&amp; 
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF17D8D2FBAAF30C2C3CE7AB" box="[1128,1302,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF17D8D2FBAAF30C2C38E7AB" box="[1128,1298,871,896]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="armeniacus">R. armeniacus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF17D8D2FAE0F30C2CBAE7AA" box="[1314,1424,871,897]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
), raspberry (
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF17D8D2FED6F3E02886E78E" box="[276,428,907,933]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="idaeus">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF17D8D2FED6F3E02886E78E" box="[276,428,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">Rubus idaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF17D8D2FE7FF3E02B01E78E" box="[445,555,907,933]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
), wild roses (
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF17D8D2FD05F3E02A13E78E" box="[711,825,907,933]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rosa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF17D8D2FD05F3E02BD5E78F" box="[711,767,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">Rosa</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF17D8D2FC85F3E02A9FE78E" box="[839,949,907,933]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
), oak (
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF17D8D2FBC4F3E02D86E78E" box="[1030,1196,907,933]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robur">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF17D8D2FBC4F3E02D86E78E" box="[1030,1196,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">Quercus robur</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF17D8D2FB7EF3E02C0CE78E" authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" box="[1212,1318,907,933]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
) and salal (
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF17D8D2FF63F3C42847E7E2" box="[161,365,943,969]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Gautheria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shallon">
<emphasis id="B920EADDFF17D8D2FF63F3C42847E7E2" box="[161,365,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">Gautheria shallon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D4CFF17D8D2FEB9F3C428C0E7E2" box="[379,490,943,969]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ericaceae</taxonomicName>
) but unfortunately, nothing is known about the native host plants. Females produced an average of 3– 
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF17D8D2FE9BF3B8288EE7C6" box="[345,420,979,1005]" count="4" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" type="egg">4 eggs</specimenCount>
per day, which were simply flicked away by an abrupt movement of the abdomen with dispersal being supported by the long and lanceolate subgenital plate. At the average temperatures mentioned above, eggs hatched after 4–5 months and at more than 75% the hatching rates were consistently high during the first three or so generations. Mating was constantly observed all day and occasionally up the 
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF17D8D2FBF2F4542DB2E072" box="[1072,1176,1087,1113]" count="3" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" type="male">three ♂♂</specimenCount>
could be seen trying to mate with the same 
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF17D8D2FEB5F40828A7E056" box="[375,397,1123,1149]" count="1" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
. Not surprisingly, struggles between competing 
<specimenCount id="9D52FD46FF17D8D2FC69F4082AFFE056" box="[939,981,1123,1149]" count="1" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
could frequently observed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>