treatments-xml/data/03/FD/87/03FD87C3B111341CFE6A5F49FC5F666B.xml

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<mods:title id="B75FC5D9B43160ED37B5045A4C2EFA8E">Jumping spiders from Ivory Coast collected by J. - C. Ledoux (Araneae, Salticidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E6528299309E579CA0B17B43F2B6CB1E">Wesołowska, Wanda</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4BA5384082FD2EF698A69AA52CC2607E">Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Taxonomy, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 65, 51 - 148 Wrocław, Poland.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DAE717CF977A472F10E06B06C47AA7D9">Russell-Smith, Anthony</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="9F4386A92F532A97974574220F78B7CE">2022</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D56B1113413FE6A5F49FC5560EF" ID-CoL="C7QHZ" authority="Berland &amp; Millot, 1941" authorityName="Berland &amp; Millot" authorityYear="1941" box="[467,984,376,403]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubius">
<emphasis id="B920EAC7B1113413FE6A5F49FD3660EF" bold="true" box="[467,699,376,403]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Menemerus dubius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B24B1113413FD7B5F48FC5560EF" author="Berland L. &amp; Millot J." box="[706,984,376,403]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="297 - 423" refId="ref44104" refString="Berland L. &amp; Millot J. 1941. Les araignees de l'Afrique Occidentale Francaise I. - Les salticides. Memoires du Museum national d'histoire naturelle (N. S.) 12: 297 - 423. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 59645843 [accessed 11 Aug. 2022]." type="journal article" year="1941">Berland &amp; Millot, 1941</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
revalidated
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36D5B1113413FD495FACFCCE60CA" blockId="55.[467,1121,376,438]" box="[752,835,412,438]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<figureCitation id="136F2A50B1113413FD495FACFCCE60CA" box="[752,835,412,438]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="55.[189,232,1945,1971]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,620,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-48@55.[189,1398,620,1907]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Fig. 34. Menemerus dubius Berland &amp; Millot, 1941, lectotype, ♀ (MNHN). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, lateral view. C–D. Epigyne. E. Internal structure of epigyne." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195456/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36D5B1113413FF045FEEFCF26084" blockId="55.[189,895,477,504]" box="[189,895,477,504]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF510C4B1113413FF045FEEFD7B608B" author="Berland L. &amp; Millot J." box="[189,758,477,503]" page="348" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" year="1941">
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56B1113413FF045FEEFD7B608B" ID-CoL="C7QHZ" authority="Berland &amp; Millot, 1941: 348" authorityName="Berland &amp; Millot" authorityPageNumber="348" authorityYear="1941" box="[189,758,477,503]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubius">
<emphasis id="B920EAC7B1113413FF045FEEFE16608B" box="[189,411,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Menemerus dubius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B24B1113413FE1A5FEDFD7B608B" author="Berland L. &amp; Millot J." box="[419,758,477,503]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="297 - 423" refId="ref44104" refString="Berland L. &amp; Millot J. 1941. Les araignees de l'Afrique Occidentale Francaise I. - Les salticides. Memoires du Museum national d'histoire naturelle (N. S.) 12: 297 - 423. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 59645843 [accessed 11 Aug. 2022]." type="journal article" year="1941">Berland &amp; Millot, 1941: 348</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 51a–b.
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D56B1113413FF045C2FFE166344" ID-CoL="C7QHZ" authorityName="Berland &amp; Millot" authorityYear="1941" box="[189,411,542,568]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubius">
<emphasis id="B920EAC7B1113413FF045C2FFE166344" box="[189,411,542,568]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Menemerus dubius</emphasis>
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– 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF510C4B1113413FE015C2EFD446345" author="Wesolowska W." box="[440,713,542,569]" page="344" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B24B1113413FE015C2EFD446345" author="Wesolowska W." box="[440,713,542,569]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="251 - 353" refId="ref46952" refString="Wesolowska W. 1999. A revision of the spider genus Menemerus in Africa (Araneae: Salticidae). Genus 10 (2): 251 - 353." type="journal article" year="1999">Wesołowska 1999: 344</bibRefCitation>
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(nom. dub.).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF2B665DB1113413FF0459A9FB8266AA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195456" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7195456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195456/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" startId="55.[189,232,1945,1971]" targetBox="[189,1398,620,1883]" targetPageId="55">
<paragraph id="8BEB36D5B1113413FF0459A9FB8266AA" blockId="55.[189,1399,1945,2007]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B920EAC7B1113413FF0459A9FE9066CF" bold="true" box="[189,285,1945,1971]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 34.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56B1113413FE9F59AAFCA066CF" authority="Berland &amp; Millot, 1941" authorityName="Berland &amp; Millot" authorityYear="1941" box="[294,813,1945,1971]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubius">
<emphasis id="B920EAC7B1113413FE9F59AAFD8B66CF" box="[294,518,1945,1971]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Menemerus dubius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B24B1113413FDA959A9FCA066CF" author="Berland L. &amp; Millot J." box="[528,813,1945,1971]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="297 - 423" refId="ref44104" refString="Berland L. &amp; Millot J. 1941. Les araignees de l'Afrique Occidentale Francaise I. - Les salticides. Memoires du Museum national d'histoire naturelle (N. S.) 12: 297 - 423. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 59645843 [accessed 11 Aug. 2022]." type="journal article" year="1941">Berland &amp; Millot, 1941</bibRefCitation>
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, lectotype, ♀ (MNHN). 
<emphasis id="B920EAC7B1113413FBEC59A9FBE766CF" bold="true" box="[1109,1130,1945,1971]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">A</emphasis>
. Habitus, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="B920EAC7B1113413FF04598DFF5C66AB" bold="true" box="[189,209,1981,2007]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">B</emphasis>
. Habitus, lateral view. 
<emphasis id="B920EAC7B1113413FE59598CFD9566AA" bold="true" box="[480,536,1980,2006]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C–D</emphasis>
. Epigyne. 
<emphasis id="B920EAC7B1113413FD21598DFD2166AB" bold="true" box="[664,684,1981,2007]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">E</emphasis>
. Internal structure of epigyne.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34E655EB11E341CFF045F38FC8660EB" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BEB36D5B11E341CFF045F38FEBB605E" blockId="56.[189,310,264,290]" box="[189,310,264,290]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<heading id="D0A381B9B11E341CFF045F38FEBB605E" bold="true" box="[189,310,264,290]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B920EAC7B11E341CFF045F38FEBB605E" bold="true" box="[189,310,264,290]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36D5B11E341CFF045F07FC8660EB" blockId="56.[189,1399,311,408]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
This species is easily distinguished from congeners by its small size (at ca 
<quantity id="4CAC9B30B11E341CFB985F07FBE5602E" box="[1057,1128,311,338]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
, the smallest species in the genus) and striped abdominal pattern. The shape of the epigyne is characteristic, its posterior third part is elongated, V-shaped and with a deep notch.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C34E655EB11E341CFF045F8FFB386357" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEB36D5B11E341CFF045F8FFE2760A5" blockId="56.[189,426,447,473]" box="[189,426,447,473]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="B920EAC7B11E341CFF045F8FFE2760A5" bold="true" box="[189,426,447,473]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36D5B11E341CFF535FDEFB386357" blockId="56.[189,1205,493,555]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3C88B11E341CFF535FDEFB386357" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3926365471" collectingDate="1975-10-30" collectionCode="MNHN" country="Ivory Coast" location="Lamto" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<emphasis id="B920EAC7B11E341CFF535FDEFEEB6374" bold="true" box="[234,358,494,520]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<typeStatus id="54EF8877B11E341CFF535FDEFEEB6374" box="[234,358,494,520]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(designated here) 
<collectingCountry id="F3437645B11E341CFF045C21FE0D6357" box="[189,384,529,555]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">IVORY COAST</collectingCountry>
• 
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; 
<location id="8E8B600EB11E341CFE0F5C21FD8B6357" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87C3B111341CFE6A5F49FC5F666B:8E8B600EB11E341CFE0F5C21FD8B6357" box="[438,518,529,555]" country="Ivory Coast" name="Lamto" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Lamto</location>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56B11E341CFDA85C21FD596357" authority="Forest" authorityName="Forest" box="[529,724,529,555]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Icius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bandama">Bandama Forest</taxonomicName>
; 
<date id="FFEA1015B11E341CFD595C21FCF16357" box="[736,892,528,555]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1975-10-30">
<collectingDate id="EFAEE9FDB11E341CFD595C21FCF16357" box="[736,892,528,555]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1975-10-30">30 Oct. 1975</collectingDate>
</date>
; “vieille souche”; 
<collectionCode id="ED45AE10B11E341CFBEA5C21FB3C6357" box="[1107,1201,529,555]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">MNHN</collectionCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E655EB11E341CFF045C62FEB064F4" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEB36D5B11E341CFF045C62FEE66310" blockId="56.[189,363,594,620]" box="[189,363,594,620]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<heading id="D0A381B9B11E341CFF045C62FEE66310" bold="true" box="[189,363,594,620]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B920EAC7B11E341CFF045C62FEE66310" bold="true" box="[189,363,594,620]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Redescription</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36D5B11E341CFF535CB1FEA763E7" blockId="56.[189,313,641,702]" box="[234,298,641,667]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B920EAC7B11E341CFF535CB1FEA763E7" bold="true" box="[234,298,641,667]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Male</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36D5B11E341CFF045C94FEB463C2" blockId="56.[189,313,641,702]" box="[189,313,676,702]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Unknown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36D5B11E341CFF535CD5FEC86383" blockId="56.[189,1399,741,873]" box="[234,325,741,767]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B920EAC7B11E341CFF535CD5FEC86383" bold="true" box="[234,325,741,767]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Female</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36D5B11E341CFF045D39FDA46215" blockId="56.[189,1399,741,873]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
MEASUREMENTS. Cephalothorax length 1.4, width 0.9, height 0.2. Eye field length 0.7, anterior and posterior width 0.8. Abdomen length 1.7, width 1.0. General appearance as in 
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. Very small spider, body strongly flattened.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36D5B11E341CFF045DA0FC11628D" blockId="56.[189,1398,912,1009]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">CARAPACE. Brown, eye field slightly darker, eyes with black rings. White hairs between anterior eyes and on posterior slope. Lateral slopes with three vertical streaks formed by white hairs. Mouthparts brownish, clypeus clothed in white hairs, sternum light brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36D5B11E341CFF045A28FE9E6504" blockId="56.[189,1399,1048,1144]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">ABDOMEN. Oval, variegated, greyish brown with small yellowish marks, long hairs at anterior edge. Three narrow stripes composed of white hairs on dorsum. Venter yellow tinged with grey. Spinnerets yellow.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36D5B11E341CFF045A90FD3965A1" blockId="56.[189,1399,1184,1245]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">LEGS. Yellow, first and second pairs with brown patellae basally and brown lines on tibiae and metatarsi prolaterally. Palps yellow with white hairs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36D5B11E341CFF045B35FEB064F4" blockId="56.[189,1399,1284,1416]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
EPIGYNE. Strongly sclerotized, with two triangular lobes on its posterior margin and deep notch between them (
<figureCitation id="136F2A50B11E341CFEB45B18FE2E643E" box="[269,419,1320,1346]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="55.[189,232,1945,1971]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,620,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-48@55.[189,1398,620,1907]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Fig. 34. Menemerus dubius Berland &amp; Millot, 1941, lectotype, ♀ (MNHN). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, lateral view. C–D. Epigyne. E. Internal structure of epigyne." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195456/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 34C–D</figureCitation>
). Copulatory openings located in strongly sclerotized ‘cups’ hidden in rounded depressions, seminal ducts short, accompanied by accessory glands, spermathecae large, spherical (
<figureCitation id="136F2A50B11E341CFF7F5B5EFEBD64F4" box="[198,304,1390,1416]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="55.[189,232,1945,1971]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,620,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-48@55.[189,1398,620,1907]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Fig. 34. Menemerus dubius Berland &amp; Millot, 1941, lectotype, ♀ (MNHN). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, lateral view. C–D. Epigyne. E. Internal structure of epigyne." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7195456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7195456/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 34E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E655EB11E341CFF045B80FC4567D4" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BEB36D5B11E341CFF045B80FEA264B6" blockId="56.[189,303,1456,1482]" box="[189,303,1456,1482]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<heading id="D0A381B9B11E341CFF045B80FEA264B6" bold="true" box="[189,303,1456,1482]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B920EAC7B11E341CFF045B80FEA264B6" bold="true" box="[189,303,1456,1482]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36D5B11E341CFF045BEEFC4567D4" blockId="56.[189,1399,1502,1705]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
Since the original description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56B11E341CFDF95BEFFC936484" authorityName="Berland &amp; Millot" authorityYear="1941" box="[576,798,1502,1528]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubius">
<emphasis id="B920EAC7B11E341CFDF95BEFFC936484" box="[576,798,1502,1528]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Menemerus dubius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was quite cursory and the type specimens are lost, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B24B11E341CFF045831FE256767" author="Wesolowska W." box="[189,424,1537,1563]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="251 - 353" refId="ref46952" refString="Wesolowska W. 1999. A revision of the spider genus Menemerus in Africa (Araneae: Salticidae). Genus 10 (2): 251 - 353." type="journal article" year="1999">Wesołowska (1999)</bibRefCitation>
recognized this species as a nomen dubium. The recording of another specimen and identifying it as identical to the first allowed for its revalidation and redescription. The shape of the epigyne is identical to that shown in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B24B11E341CFDCF5878FC1B671E" author="Berland L. &amp; Millot J." box="[630,918,1608,1634]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="297 - 423" refId="ref44104" refString="Berland L. &amp; Millot J. 1941. Les araignees de l'Afrique Occidentale Francaise I. - Les salticides. Memoires du Museum national d'histoire naturelle (N. S.) 12: 297 - 423. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 59645843 [accessed 11 Aug. 2022]." type="journal article" year="1941">Berland &amp; Millot (1941</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 51a). These authors also mentioned that the spider is small. We remove the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D56B11E341CFD77585CFC2167F9" authorityName="Berland &amp; Millot" authorityYear="1941" box="[718,940,1643,1669]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubius">
<emphasis id="B920EAC7B11E341CFD77585CFC2167F9" box="[718,940,1643,1669]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Menemerus dubius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from nomina dubia. A 
<typeStatus id="54EF8877B11E341CFB03585BFAAB67F9" box="[1210,1318,1643,1669]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of this species is designated to maintain the stability of the nomenclature.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E655EB11E341CFF0458FFFC5F666B" box="[189,978,1743,1816]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BEB36D5B11E341CFF0458FFFEDB6795" blockId="56.[189,342,1743,1769]" box="[189,342,1743,1769]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<heading id="D0A381B9B11E341CFF0458FFFEDB6795" bold="true" box="[189,342,1743,1769]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B920EAC7B11E341CFF0458FFFEDB6795" bold="true" box="[189,342,1743,1769]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36D5B11E341CFF0458CDFC5F666B" blockId="56.[189,978,1789,1816]" box="[189,978,1789,1816]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
Originally described from 
<collectingCountry id="F3437645B11E341CFE4C58CDFDC0666B" box="[501,589,1789,1815]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Guinea</collectingCountry>
, now recorded from 
<collectingCountry id="F3437645B11E341CFCF858CEFC43666B" box="[833,974,1789,1816]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>