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230 lines
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<document id="0B83825928297F825C319231CAA2B800" ID-CLB-Dataset="22516" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4685.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="77e441b5-2bdc-4c26-b6fc-b007d8d9ca25" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3772829" ID-ZooBank="5A946337-6921-45CB-B6F8-F64BC48F2D5A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588058821214" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lobato-Vila, Irene & Pujade-Villar, Juli" docDate="2019" docId="03E287CBB217FFA7F3D085F5FDDAFCB3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4685.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4685 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Ceroptres quercusficu" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="FFDBFFB3B22BFF9BF347856CFF91FFDD" masterDocTitle="Revision of world Ceroptresini (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with the description of a new genus and five new species" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1698837771968" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3CF4401F8CFD5DC26345E3610924E4CC">
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<mods:title id="583607EDFB0F5895D675FC132DEC5359">Revision of world Ceroptresini (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with the description of a new genus and five new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="9655BCCBAE5EEF747EC676CBADB99BE5" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="079CED0E0A2296824E5E4EA31786705B">Lobato-Vila, Irene</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="C2C0F9E513FB4018EBC8A2C66CF45D58" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="727ACE7D76325D0D7471F074EB3F23AB">Pujade-Villar, Juli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9848F1FD55CBF3B475A92C251E2F49E1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="761510E425AE39FEF1D3F5355FF7BF05">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="963CDC8D2B5195452C09784029BC27B2">
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<mods:date id="5A9F3F9B0A9CE298EE01BF57DA64DFB3">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F55D33857BC31E068CE8AD3E2A056896">2019-10-11</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="000D737B8D722766EDD8CAECBA3C743B">4685</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="05C5C50B41C7FAE509CFD57AD13D393F">1</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="DF1656C9EE64F25623B0B0296F4B0B05" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4685.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EC79B0832541AF2BD4094FE21741A564" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E287CBB217FFA7F3D085F5FDDAFCB3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3797533" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163830199" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3797533" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E287CBB217FFA7F3D085F5FDDAFCB3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E287CBB217FFA7F3D085F5FDDAFCB3" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<subSubSection id="C3516556B217FFA7F3D085F5FD48FF69" box="[151,729,153,180]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF436DDB217FFA7F3D085F5FD48FF69" blockId="60.[151,729,153,180]" box="[151,729,153,180]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<heading id="D0BC81B1B217FFA7F3D085F5FD48FF69" bold="true" box="[151,729,153,180]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F3D085F5FD48FF69" bold="true" box="[151,729,153,180]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB217FFA7F3D085F5FE32FF6E" box="[151,419,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusficu">
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<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F3D085F5FE32FF6E" bold="true" box="[151,419,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ceroptres quercusficu</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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s (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB217FFA7F2F985F5FDDDFF6E" author="Fitch, A. M. D." box="[446,588,153,179]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="781 - 829" refId="ref55876" refString="Fitch, A. M. D. (1859) Fifth report on the noxious and other insects of the state of New York. Insects infesting deciduous forest trees. Annual Reports of the New York State Agricultural Society, 18, 781 - 829." type="journal article" year="1859">Fitch, 1859</bibRefCitation>
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) nom. dub.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3516556B217FFA7F3D085B2FBB9FE8F" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF436DDB217FFA7F3D085B2FB52FF2B" blockId="60.[151,1344,221,338]" box="[151,1219,221,246]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F3D085B2FF66FF28" box="[151,247,222,245]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB217FFA7F3D085B2FF4CFF28" ID-CoL="3YK3" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,221,222,245]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cynips</taxonomicName>
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q.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB217FFA7F3BA85B2FE3BFF2B" authority="Fitch, 1859" authorityName="Fitch" authorityYear="1859" box="[253,426,221,246]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficus">
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<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F3BA85B2FEBCFF2B" box="[253,301,222,246]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">ficus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB217FFA7F27485B1FE3BFF2B" author="Fitch, A. M. D." box="[307,426,221,246]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="781 - 829" refId="ref55876" refString="Fitch, A. M. D. (1859) Fifth report on the noxious and other insects of the state of New York. Insects infesting deciduous forest trees. Annual Reports of the New York State Agricultural Society, 18, 781 - 829." type="journal article" year="1859">Fitch, 1859</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F2F485B2FD55FF28" box="[435,708,222,245]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Trans. N. Y. State Agr. Soc.</emphasis>
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18: 812.
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<typeStatus id="54F0887FB217FFA7F06585B2FCC5FF2B" box="[802,852,222,246]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Type</typeStatus>
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material: USNM [Poor conditions].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF436DDB217FFA7F3D08591FC40FEEE" blockId="60.[151,1344,221,338]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB217FFA7F3D08591FDC3FEC8" authority="(Fitch) Osten-Sacken, 1865" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" baseAuthorityName="Fitch" box="[151,594,252,277]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficus">
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<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F3D08591FEA0FEC9" box="[151,305,252,276]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ceroptres ficus</emphasis>
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(Fitch)
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB217FFA7F2C58590FDC3FEC8" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[386,594,252,277]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref57049" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von. (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4 (3), 331 - 380." type="journal article" year="1865">Osten-Sacken, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F11C8591FCA6FEC9" box="[603,823,252,276]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila.</emphasis>
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4: 368 [Unjustified emendation for specific name].
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB217FFA7F3D08477FDC0FEEE" authority="(Fitch) Weld, 1951" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1951" baseAuthorityName="Fitch" box="[151,593,282,307]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus-ficus">
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<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F3D08477FE18FEEE" box="[151,393,283,307]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ceroptres quercus-ficus</emphasis>
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(Fitch)
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB217FFA7F29D8476FDC0FEEE" author="Weld, L. H." box="[474,593,282,307]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="594 - 654" refId="ref59040" refString="Weld, L. H. (1951) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Muesebeck, C. F. W., Krombein, K. V. & Townes, H. K. (Eds.), Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico. Agricultural Monograph 2. United States Government Printing Office, Washington D. C., pp. 594 - 654." type="book chapter" year="1951">Weld, 1951</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F11C8470FC14FEEE" box="[603,901,283,307]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<collectingCountry id="F35C764DB217FFA7F11C8470FD1CFEEF" box="[603,653,283,307]" name="United States of America" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">U. S.</collectingCountry>
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Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog.
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</emphasis>
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2: 614.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF436DDB217FFA7F3D08456FBB9FE8F" blockId="60.[151,1344,221,338]" box="[151,1064,313,338]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB217FFA7F3D08456FC9AFE8F" authority="(Fitch) Burks in Krombein et al. 1979" authorityName="Burks in Krombein" authorityYear="1979" baseAuthorityName="Fitch" box="[151,779,313,338]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusficus">
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<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F3D08456FE11FE8F" box="[151,384,314,338]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ceroptres quercusficus</emphasis>
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(Fitch) Burks in Krombein
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<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F1DB8456FD5EFE8F" box="[668,719,314,338]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
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1979
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F0538456FC71FE8C" box="[788,992,314,338]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Smithson. Ins. Press</emphasis>
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: 1065.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3516556B217FFA7F3D08413FC19FE47" box="[151,904,383,411]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BF436DDB217FFA7F3D08413FC19FE47" blockId="60.[151,1437,383,878]" box="[151,904,383,411]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F3D08413FEA0FE47" bold="true" box="[151,305,383,410]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F35C764DB217FFA7F27084ECFEE2FE47" box="[311,371,384,410]" name="United States of America" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">USA</collectingCountry>
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. State of
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<collectingRegion id="498FF83FB217FFA7F29C84EDFDC1FE47" box="[475,592,384,411]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">New York</collectingRegion>
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, according to
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB217FFA7F1AA84ECFC15FE47" author="Burks, B. D." box="[749,900,384,410]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1045 - 1107" refId="ref55625" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107." type="book chapter" year="1979">Burks (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3516556B217FFA7F38084CFFE23FE3E" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BF436DDB217FFA7F38084CFFE23FE3E" blockId="60.[151,1437,383,878]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F38084CFFEB6FE63" bold="true" box="[199,295,419,446]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Biology.</emphasis>
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Reared from galls of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB217FFA7F16E84C8FBB2FE62" authority="(Walsh, 1864)" baseAuthorityName="Walsh" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[553,1059,420,447]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Xanthoteras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusforticone">
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<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F16E84C8FCE8FE63" box="[553,889,420,446]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Xanthoteras quercusforticone</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB217FFA7F0CD84C8FB8AFE62" author="Walsh, B. D." box="[906,1051,420,447]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="443 - 500" refId="ref58812" refString="Walsh, B. D. (1864) On dimorphism in the hymenopterous genus Cynips; with an appendix, containing hints for a new classification of Cynipidae and a list of Cynipidae, including descriptions of several new species, inhabiting the oak-galls of Illinois. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 2, 443 - 500." type="journal article" year="1864">Walsh, 1864</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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on
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB217FFA7F71484C9FB38FE63" box="[1107,1193,420,447]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">
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<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F71484C9FBF6FE62" box="[1107,1127,421,447]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Q</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F73084C8FB38FE63" box="[1143,1193,420,446]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">alba</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, according to Osten- Sacken (1865: 350, 369).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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|
<subSubSection id="C3516556B217FFA7F3808480FDDAFCB3" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="discussion">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB217FFA7F3808480FDDAFCB3" blockId="60.[151,1437,383,878]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F3808480FEAAFDDB" bold="true" box="[199,315,492,518]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB217FFA7F2068480FD80FDDB" author="Walsh, B. D." box="[321,529,492,518]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="443 - 500" refId="ref58812" refString="Walsh, B. D. (1864) On dimorphism in the hymenopterous genus Cynips; with an appendix, containing hints for a new classification of Cynipidae and a list of Cynipidae, including descriptions of several new species, inhabiting the oak-galls of Illinois. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 2, 443 - 500." type="journal article" year="1864">Walsh (1864: 494)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
mentions that
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB217FFA7F1F28481FCF3FDDB" box="[693,866,492,519]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusficus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F1F28481FCF3FDDB" box="[693,866,492,519]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">C. quercusficus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is a possible synonymy of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB217FFA7F7D78480FA97FDDB" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1843" box="[1168,1286,492,518]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synophrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F7D78480FA97FDDB" box="[1168,1286,492,518]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Synophrus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
?
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F65D8480FA0CFDDB" box="[1306,1437,492,518]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">laeviventris</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB217FFA7F3D0877CFEEAFDF7" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[151,379,528,554]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="47 - 72" refId="ref57009" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von. (1861) On the Cynipidae of the North American oaks and their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 1 (3), 47 - 72." type="journal article" year="1861">Osten-Sacken, 1861</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, but
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB217FFA7F2F5877CFD49FDF7" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[434,728,527,554]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref57049" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von. (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4 (3), 331 - 380." type="journal article" year="1865">Osten-Sacken (1865: 375)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
transferred
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB217FFA7F027877CFC47FDF7" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1843" box="[864,982,528,554]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synophrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F027877CFC47FDF7" box="[864,982,528,554]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Synophrus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
?
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F0AD877CFBFCFDF7" box="[1002,1133,528,554]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">laeviventris</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB217FFA7F7D7877CFB67FDF7" box="[1168,1270,528,554]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F7D7877CFB67FDF7" box="[1168,1270,528,554]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Synergus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. We examined the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54F0887FB217FFA7F3868759FF60FD92" box="[193,241,565,591]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
material of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB217FFA7F23A8758FE62FD93" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1843" box="[381,499,564,590]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synophrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F23A8758FE62FD93" box="[381,499,564,590]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Synophrus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
?
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F14F8758FD1AFD93" box="[520,651,564,590]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">laeviventris</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
deposited in MCZ and confirmed that it belongs to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB217FFA7F79C8758FAD0FD93" box="[1243,1345,564,590]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F79C8758FAD0FD93" box="[1243,1345,564,590]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Synergus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, clearly differing from that of
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F2CB8735FDD0FDAF" box="[396,577,600,627]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB217FFA7F2CB8735FDACFDAF" box="[396,573,600,627]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusficus">C. quercusficus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
However, the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54F0887FB217FFA7F1A38735FC85FDAE" box="[740,788,601,627]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
material of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB217FFA7F0DB8735FBD8FDAF" box="[924,1097,600,627]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusficus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F0DB8735FC3EFDAE" box="[924,943,601,627]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F0FA8734FBD8FDAF" box="[957,1097,600,626]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">quercusficus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, which is deposited in USNM (
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D4DFD54B217FFA7F3E68710FF55FD4B" box="[161,196,636,662]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
pierced through the mesosoma by thin pins, all four mounted on a piece of wood in the same pin with ‘Fitch’s type’ and ‘Fitch’s coll’ labels), is in poor conditions, thus making it hard to appreciate some of its diagnostic morphological traits, and Fitch’s original description (1859: 812) for
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F02E87A9FB9CFD03" box="[873,1037,708,735]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB217FFA7F02E87A9FC26FD02" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[873,951,709,735]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cynips</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
q.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB217FFA7F09F87A8FB9CFD03" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" baseAuthorityName="Fitch" box="[984,1037,708,734]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficus">ficus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
is very poor and thus insufficient to distinguish this species from the rest of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB217FFA7F1178785FD2FFCDE" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[592,702,745,771]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F1178785FD2FFCDE" box="[592,702,745,771]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ceroptres</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB217FFA7F18C8784FC60FCDE" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[715,1009,743,771]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref57049" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von. (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4 (3), 331 - 380." type="journal article" year="1865">Osten-Sacken (1865: 368)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, who transferred the species to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB217FFA7F6098785FF51FCFB" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F6098785FF51FCFB" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ceroptres</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, says nothing new about its morphology. Hence, we here propose to place
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB217FFA7F7458661FA0DFCFB" authority="(Fitch, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Fitch" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1026,1436,779,807]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusficus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F7458661FA95FCFB" box="[1026,1284,780,807]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ceroptres quercusficus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB217FFA7F6558660FA05FCFB" author="Fitch, A. M. D." box="[1298,1428,779,806]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="781 - 829" refId="ref55876" refString="Fitch, A. M. D. (1859) Fifth report on the noxious and other insects of the state of New York. Insects infesting deciduous forest trees. Annual Reports of the New York State Agricultural Society, 18, 781 - 829." type="journal article" year="1859">Fitch, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
as nomen dubium, because the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54F0887FB217FFA7F2BE865DFDB8FC96" box="[505,553,817,843]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
material deposited in USNM corresponds to
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB217FFA7F76C865DFB31FC96" box="[1067,1184,817,843]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB217FFA7F76C865DFB0DFC96" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[1067,1180,817,843]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ceroptres</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
but it is impossible to recognize the species morphologically.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|