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<document id="5E0075F3969B2A59ECCBBDC39AE32178" ID-CLB-Dataset="55635" ID-DOI="10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.2.12" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6df10d24-9c7b-4b70-8eb6-a637991879ce" ID-ISSN="2624-2834" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6530365" ID-ZooBank="D5677074-3D13-4D8A-8B9C-03BE43E1DA47" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1652082652668" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wang, Ye-hao, Nel, André, Fu, Yan-zhe, Su, Yi-tong, Cai, Chen-yang, Liu, Yu-ming, Gao, Jian &amp; Huang, Di-ying" docDate="2022" docId="03CBDC45FFF17B0C33E7FE45FB19DE7D" docLanguage="en" docName="palaeoentomology.5.2.12.pdf" docOrigin="Palaeoentomology 5 (2)" docSource="http://zoobank.org/d5677074-3d13-4d8a-8b9c-03be43e1da47" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4EE6FD780FF4521D541D0D0600705D0E.4:Palaeoentomology.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="4EE6FD780FF4521D541D0D0600705D0E" docStyleName="Palaeoentomology.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Sinoscarterella incompleta Wang &amp; Nel &amp; Fu &amp; Su &amp; Cai &amp; Liu &amp; Gao &amp; Huang 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="189" masterDocId="FFF2A43DFFF57B0A336FFFAEFFECDC41" masterDocTitle="New insect fossils discovered from the Lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation at the Turpan Basin, Xinjiang, NW China" masterLastPageNumber="194" masterPageNumber="183" pageNumber="187" updateTime="1699329907202" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="84A5A2D404CD26E5B475BEEDAA01CE52">New insect fossils discovered from the Lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation at the Turpan Basin, Xinjiang, NW China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A792993408060D660DEA11A06EBE6C41">Wang, Ye-hao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FA0B80FA58CE07ADF520B1BFF2B7D941">Nel, André</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="31EDE9BE57E5144A6FCB0A99C6249F34">Fu, Yan-zhe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="831AECC0A7BBA3B1C559BCEC48D13595">Su, Yi-tong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DA367D81DA00AB6863D61F285ECDDD3D">Cai, Chen-yang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A06C0F5B4E37962EDDCF62A06620292E">Liu, Yu-ming</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="882E101CC14891268133DDCBED7AB45D">Gao, Jian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E2F9B79F0E0FB6030735FB7BABE5847E">Huang, Di-ying</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0015AC699EF4922FDD2E4F15397899CC">Palaeoentomology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E057D972E1E13F25C099F1261D102651">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="9EA58D5667401F93A65659CFE8DC200E" type="DOI">10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.2.12</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CBDC45FFF17B0C33E7FE45FB19DE7D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6532898" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195277776" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6532898" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CBDC45FFF17B0C33E7FE45FB19DE7D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CBDC45FFF17B0C33E7FE45FB19DE7D" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">
<subSubSection id="C3783ED8FFF17B0E33E7FE45FDF1DE47" box="[136,541,491,518]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFF17B0E33E7FE45FDF1DE47" blockId="4.[136,778,491,629]" box="[136,541,491,518]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">
<heading id="D095DA3FFFF17B0E33E7FE45FDF1DE47" bold="true" box="[136,541,491,518]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF17B0E33E7FE45FDF1DE47" bold="true" box="[136,541,491,518]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF17B0E33E7FE45FE51DE47" authority="Wang &amp; Nel &amp; Fu &amp; Su &amp; Cai &amp; Liu &amp; Gao &amp; Huang, 2022" authorityName="Wang &amp; Nel &amp; Fu &amp; Su &amp; Cai &amp; Liu &amp; Gao &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2022" box="[136,445,491,518]" class="Insecta" family="Dysmorphoptilidae" genus="Sinoscarterella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incompleta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF17B0E33E7FE45FE51DE47" bold="true" box="[136,445,491,518]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Sinoscarterella incompleta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2250C3AFFF17B0E32ABFE42FDF1DE47" box="[452,541,492,518]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3783ED8FFF17B0E33E7FDBFFE48DE34" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFF17B0E33E7FDBFFE48DE34" blockId="4.[136,778,491,629]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">
(
<figureCitation id="135971D6FFF17B0E33FFFDBFFF38DE6A" box="[144,212,529,555]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[136,235,2004,2028]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,997,1952]" captionTargetId="figure-332@4.[280,1308,997,1980]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Sinoscarterella incompleta Nel, Fu &amp; Huang, gen. et sp. nov., Holotype (NIGP180151), upper Lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation in Xinjiang. A, Photography. B, Line drawing. Scale = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530373" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530373/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
)
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FFC45786FFF17B0E32D1FD98FE48DE34" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">CD4091CC-A2E9-4C0F- 8EA3-E4DCE6D7DD4D</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3783ED8FFF17B0E33E7FD0BFF19DEA5" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFF17B0E33E7FD0BFF19DEA5" blockId="4.[136,778,677,962]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF17B0E33E7FD0BFF1BDEFE" bold="true" box="[136,247,677,703]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B0A670EFFF17B0E3393FD0BFF19DEA5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763877302" collectionCode="NIGP" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" specimenCode="NIGP180151" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54D9D3F1FFF17B0E3393FD0BFE8BDEFE" box="[252,359,677,703]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCode id="DBC4C528FFF17B0E321FFD0BFDE4DE81" box="[368,520,677,704]" collectionCode="NIGP" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/j51y-avsb" name="Naking Institute of Geology and Palaeontology" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">NIGP180151</specimenCode>
, an incomplete isolated forewing.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3783ED8FFF17B0E33D2FD41FE49DF6F" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFF17B0E33D2FD41FE49DF6F" blockId="4.[136,778,677,962]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF17B0E33D2FD41FEA8DF48" bold="true" box="[189,324,751,777]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named after the incomplete state of preservation of the fossil.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFF17B0E33D2FC97FE11DF15" blockId="4.[136,778,677,962]" box="[189,509,825,852]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF17B0E33D2FC97FED4DF12" bold="true" box="[189,312,825,851]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
As for the genus.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3783ED8FFF17B0E33D2FCF0FF04DF83" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFF17B0E33D2FCF0FF04DF83" blockId="4.[136,778,677,962]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">
<materialsCitation id="3B0A670EFFF17B0E33D2FCF0FF08DF83" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763877303" county="Daheyan Town" location="Early Jurassic" municipality="Turpan City" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF17B0E33D2FCF0FDE8DF39" bold="true" box="[189,516,862,888]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">
<typeStatus id="54D9D3F1FFF17B0E33D2FCF0FF14DF39" box="[189,248,862,888]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Type</typeStatus>
locality and horizon.
</emphasis>
A fossil locality near the
<collectingCounty id="62BC15DFFFF17B0E33D7FC2DFE87DFDF" box="[184,363,899,926]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Daheyan Town</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB9F729FFF17B0E3212FC2AFDE0DFDC" box="[381,524,899,926]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Turpan City</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="49A6A3B1FFF17B0E3170FC2DFD69DFDC" box="[543,645,899,925]" country="China" name="Xinjiang Uygur" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Xinjiang</collectingRegion>
; late
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</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3783ED8FFF17B0E3030FF30FA81DEDA" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFF17B0E3030FF30FA81DEDA" blockId="4.[810,1452,158,965]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF17B0E3030FF30FC1DDCF9" bold="true" box="[863,1009,158,184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Description.</emphasis>
Forewing rugose and punctate in areas between C and R and RA and RP, evenly rounded, with basal portion narrowed; preserved part
<quantity id="4C9AC0B6FFF17B0E37B5FF47FAC2DD42" box="[1242,1326,233,259]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" unit="mm" value="8.3">8.3 mm</quantity>
long, wing
<quantity id="4C9AC0B6FFF17B0E3045FEA0FC92DD69" box="[810,894,270,296]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
wide, no pc vein between Costa and R; postclaval portion of membrane (tornus) curved, postnodal membrane distinctly widened; RA smoothly curved with five anterior branches, third one being forked again; no anterior branch of R basad base of RP; RA1 entering anterior margin before level of claval apex; RP simple, separated from common stalk ScP+R at basal ⅓ of tegmen length; base of RP well distad base of MP+CuA; stems MP and CuA not forking at same level; MP with 11 terminals; veinlet ir (ra-rp) present, sometimes shortened; two veinlets rp-mp and one mp-cua present; branches of CuA elongate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3783ED8FFF17B0C3030FD08FB19DE7D" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFF17B0F3030FD08FE2BDDF4" blockId="4.[810,1452,158,965]" lastBlockId="5.[136,778,158,2093]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF17B0E3030FD08FC3FDE81" bold="true" box="[863,979,678,704]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Remarks.</emphasis>
This fossil is a forewing of a cicadomorphan (
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF17B0E308BFD65FBB2DEA7" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[996,1118,715,742]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
) because of the tegminisation of the anterior part of wing and the general pattern of venation. The ‘base of RP far distad bases of MP and CuA’ and the ‘basal to sub-basal fusion of ScP with R’ are characters present in taxa of few Permian and/or Triassic families,
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF17B0E30CCFC28FC2EDFDE" box="[931,962,902,927]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">viz</emphasis>
. some
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF17B0E3759FC2BFB51DFDE" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[1078,1213,901,927]" class="Insecta" family="Prosbolidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Prosbolidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF17B0E37B6FC2BFC28DF84" authority="Evans, 1956" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1956" class="Insecta" family="Cicadoprosbolidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Cicadoprosbolidae
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF17B0E3045FC05FC28DF84" author="Evans, J. W." box="[810,964,938,965]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" pagination="165 - 258" refId="ref6993" refString="Evans, J. W. (1956) Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Hemiptera. Australian Journal of Zoology, 4 (2), 165 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9560165" type="journal article" year="1956">Evans, 1956</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF17B0E30B2FC04FADFDF85" authority="Brauckmann" authorityName="Brauckmann" box="[989,1331,938,964]" class="Insecta" family="Saaloscytinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Saaloscytinidae Brauckmann</taxonomicName>
, Martins- Neto &amp; Gallego, 2006,
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F32C4FF30FF2EDC9D" authority="Shcherbakov, 2011" authorityName="Shcherbakov" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Maguviopseidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Maguviopseidae
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F311DFF30FF2EDC9D" author="Shcherbakov, D. E." pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref9007" refString="Shcherbakov, D. E. (2011) New and little-known families of Hemiptera Cicadomorpha from the Triassic of Central Asia - early analogs of treehoppers and planthoppers. Zootaxa, 2836 (1), 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2836.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">Shcherbakov, 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F33BFFF6CFD82DC9D" authority="Storozhenko, 1992" authorityName="Storozhenko" authorityYear="1992" box="[208,622,194,220]" class="Insecta" family="Mesojabloniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mesojabloniidae Storozhenko, 1992</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F3113FF6CFED5DD41" authority="Zalessky, 1930" authorityName="Zalessky" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Pereboriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pereboriidae Zalessky, 1930</taxonomicName>
, Magnacicadidae
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F3161FF49FCE9DD41" author="Hong, Y. C. &amp; Chen, R. Y." box="[526,773,230,257]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="338 - 340" refId="ref7356" refString="Hong, Y. C. &amp; Chen, R. Y. (1981) Magnacicadidae, a new family of Homoptera from the Middle Triassic of Tongchuan, Shaanxi Province. Kexue Tongbao, 26 (4), 338 - 340." type="journal article" year="1981">Hong &amp; Chen, 1981</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F33E7FEA4FDCBDD65" authority="Handlirsch, 1906" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[136,551,266,292]" class="Insecta" family="Dysmorphoptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dysmorphoptilidae Handlirsch, 1906</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F315FFEA4FF2FDD08" authority="Evans, 1956" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1956" class="Insecta" family="Hylicellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Hylicellidae
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F31D1FEA5FF2FDD08" author="Evans, J. W." pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="165 - 258" refId="ref6993" refString="Evans, J. W. (1956) Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Hemiptera. Australian Journal of Zoology, 4 (2), 165 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9560165" type="journal article" year="1956">Evans, 1956</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F3267FE80FD61DD09" authority="Handlirsch, 1906" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[264,653,302,328]" class="Insecta" family="Scytinopteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scytinopteridae Handlirsch, 1906</taxonomicName>
. Indeed, a global phylogenetic analysis of all these groups would be necessary to make precise their definitions and limits (see catalogue in
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F3278FE34FE57DDF4" author="Szwedo, J." box="[279,443,410,437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="109 - 128" refId="ref9171" refString="Szwedo, J. (2018) The unity, diversity and conformity of bugs (Hemiptera) through time. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 107, 109 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 175569101700038 X" type="journal article" year="2018">Szwedo, 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1D3DDBFFF17B0E33E7F87AFC32D451" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530373" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6530373" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530373/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" startId="4.[136,235,2004,2028]" targetBox="[280,1308,997,1952]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFF17B0E33E7F87AFC32D451" blockId="4.[136,1451,2004,2065]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF17B0E33E7F87AFEE4DBAD" bold="true" box="[136,264,2004,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF17B0E327DF87AFD1CDBAC" authority="Nel, Fu &amp; Huang" authorityName="Nel, Fu &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2022" box="[274,752,2004,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Dysmorphoptilidae" genus="Sinoscarterella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incompleta" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF17B0E327DF87AFDC4DBAD" box="[274,552,2004,2028]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">Sinoscarterella incompleta</emphasis>
Nel, Fu &amp; Huang
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF17B0E3190F87BFC44DBAC" bold="true" box="[767,936,2005,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2250C3AFFF17B0E3190F87BFC44DBAC" box="[767,936,2005,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, Holotype (NIGP180151), upper Lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation in Xinjiang.
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF17B0E3282F856FE13D451" bold="true" box="[493,511,2040,2064]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">A</emphasis>
, Photography.
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF17B0E31F7F857FD45D450" bold="true" box="[664,681,2041,2065]" pageId="4" pageNumber="187">B</emphasis>
, Line drawing. Scale = 2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFF07B0F33D2FE10FF3CD8D9" blockId="5.[136,778,158,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">
The
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F326FFE10FE5CDD99" box="[256,432,446,472]" class="Insecta" family="Saaloscytinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Saaloscytinidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F316AFE10FD52DD99" authorityName="Shcherbakov" authorityYear="2011" box="[517,702,446,472]" class="Insecta" family="Maguviopseidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Maguviopseidae</taxonomicName>
have forewing tegminised on all their surface and no distal anterior veinlets between RA and C (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F314CFDAAFD12DE5F" author="Shcherbakov, D. E." box="[547,766,516,542]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref9007" refString="Shcherbakov, D. E. (2011) New and little-known families of Hemiptera Cicadomorpha from the Triassic of Central Asia - early analogs of treehoppers and planthoppers. Zootaxa, 2836 (1), 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2836.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">Shcherbakov, 2011</bibRefCitation>
). Some
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F33A3FD89FEBCDE00" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[204,336,551,577]" class="Insecta" family="Prosbolidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Prosbolidae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F3232FD89FDCEDE03" box="[349,546,551,578]" class="Insecta" family="Prosbolidae" genus="Orthoscytina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF07B0F3232FD89FE03DE00" box="[349,495,551,577]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">Orthoscytina</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F3135FD89FCE6DE00" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[602,778,551,577]" class="Insecta" family="Scytinopteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scytinopteridae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F33FEFDE5FE1FDE24" authority="Evans, 1956" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1956" box="[145,499,586,613]" class="Insecta" family="Hylicellidae" genus="Triassoscytinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF07B0F33FEFDE5FEB2DE25" box="[145,350,587,612]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">Triassoscytinopsis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F3208FDE5FE1FDE24" author="Evans, J. W." box="[359,499,586,613]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="165 - 258" refId="ref6993" refString="Evans, J. W. (1956) Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Hemiptera. Australian Journal of Zoology, 4 (2), 165 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9560165" type="journal article" year="1956">Evans, 1956</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) could show similarities with the new fossil, in the presence of a distal series of veinlets between RA and Costa and a simple RP, but the area between RA and RP is much narrower in these taxa than in the new fossil, and the basal-most such veinlet (ScP re-emerging from RA?) is different from the more distal ones, stronger and/or aligned with basal part of RA, unlike in the new fossil.The Magnacicadidae have rounded forewings with a broader area between R/RA and C and a different pattern of branches of the main veins (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F31A5FC26FEC7DF84" author="Hong, Y. C. &amp; Chen, R. Y." pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="338 - 340" refId="ref7356" refString="Hong, Y. C. &amp; Chen, R. Y. (1981) Magnacicadidae, a new family of Homoptera from the Middle Triassic of Tongchuan, Shaanxi Province. Kexue Tongbao, 26 (4), 338 - 340." type="journal article" year="1981">Hong &amp; Chen, 1981</bibRefCitation>
). Pereboriids have much more branches of MP and RP than the new fossil. Some cicadoprosbolids (
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F33FEFC5FFE36D84D" authority="Evans, 1956" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1956" box="[145,474,1009,1036]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigarctidae" genus="Cicadoprosbole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF07B0F33FEFC5FFEAFD84A" box="[145,323,1009,1035]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">Cicadoprosbole</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F3223FC5CFE36D84D" author="Evans, J. W." box="[332,474,1009,1036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="165 - 258" refId="ref6993" refString="Evans, J. W. (1956) Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Hemiptera. Australian Journal of Zoology, 4 (2), 165 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9560165" type="journal article" year="1956">Evans, 1956</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) and some mesojabloniids also share with the new fossil the presence of a distal series of veinlets between RA and Costa but they have a distinct elongate vein pc (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F32BFFBF5FD8FD837" author="Evans, J. W." box="[464,611,1115,1142]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="165 - 258" refId="ref6993" refString="Evans, J. W. (1956) Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Hemiptera. Australian Journal of Zoology, 4 (2), 165 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9560165" type="journal article" year="1956">Evans, 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F311DFBF5FF28D8D9" author="Shcherbakov, D. E." pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref9007" refString="Shcherbakov, D. E. (2011) New and little-known families of Hemiptera Cicadomorpha from the Triassic of Central Asia - early analogs of treehoppers and planthoppers. Zootaxa, 2836 (1), 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2836.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">Shcherbakov, 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFF07B0F33D2FB0FFD06DB77" blockId="5.[136,778,158,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F33D2FB0FFE47D8FD" author="Shcherbakov, D. E." box="[189,427,1185,1212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="52 - 63" refId="ref8917" refString="Shcherbakov, D. E. (1988 a) New cicadas (Cicadina) from the Late Mesozoic of Transbaikalia. Paleontological Journal, 22 (4), 52 - 63." type="journal article" year="1988">Shcherbakov (1988a</bibRefCitation>
, b), followed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F3117FB0FFF1AD8A1" author="Nicholson, D. B. &amp; Mayhew, P. J. &amp; Ross, A. J." pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="0128554" refId="ref8709" refString="Nicholson, D. B., Mayhew, P. J. &amp; Ross, A. J. (2015) Changes to the fossil record of insects through fifteen years of discovery. PLoS ONE, 10 (7), e 0128554, 1 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0128554" type="journal article" year="2015">
Nicholson
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF07B0F319AFB0CFF72D89E" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">et al</emphasis>
. (2015)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F3245FB6BFDAED89E" author="Szwedo, J. &amp; Huang, D. Y." box="[298,578,1221,1247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="148 - 170" refId="ref9272" refString="Szwedo, J. &amp; Huang, D. Y. (2019) First Dysmorphoptilidae from the Permian of China (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Prosbolomorpha), with notes on the fossil record of the family. Palaeoentomology, 2 (2), 148 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / palaeoentomology. 2.2.6" type="journal article" year="2019">Szwedo &amp; Huang (2019)</bibRefCitation>
, synonymized the
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F33E7FB46FED0D943" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[136,316,1256,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Eoscarterellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eoscarterellidae</taxonomicName>
under
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F32E8FB46FD8ED943" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[391,610,1256,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Dysmorphoptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dysmorphoptilidae</taxonomicName>
, but the former was treated as a family by the other authors (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F3118FAA5FCE9D967" author="Evans, J. W." box="[631,773,1291,1318]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="165 - 258" refId="ref6993" refString="Evans, J. W. (1956) Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Hemiptera. Australian Journal of Zoology, 4 (2), 165 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9560165" type="journal article" year="1956">Evans, 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F33E7FA81FEAED908" author="Carpenter, F. M." box="[136,322,1327,1353]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" refId="ref6602" refString="Carpenter, F. M. (1992) Hexapoda. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part R, Arthropoda 4 (3). Geological Society of America and University of Kansas, Boulder, Colorado, and Lawrence, Kansas, xxi + 277 pp." type="book" year="1992">Carpenter, 1992</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F323DFA80FDE5D908" author="Hamilton, K. G. A." box="[338,521,1326,1353]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="423 - 430" refId="ref7211" refString="Hamilton, K. G. A. (1992) Lower Cretaceous Homoptera from the Koonwarra Fossil Bed in Australia with a new superfamily and synopsis of Mesozoic Homoptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 85 (4), 423 - 430. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 85.4.423" type="journal article" year="1992">Hamilton, 1992</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F3177FA80FCEAD908" author="Szwedo, J. &amp; Bourgoin, T. &amp; Lefebvre, F." box="[536,774,1326,1353]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="1 - 199" refId="ref9222" refString="Szwedo, J., Bourgoin, T. &amp; Lefebvre, F. (2004) Fossil planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) of the World. An annotated catalogue with notes on Hemiptera classification. Studio 1 (publ.), Warsaw, 1 - 199." type="book chapter" year="2004">
Szwedo
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF07B0F3113FA81FD5DD909" box="[636,689,1326,1352]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">et al</emphasis>
., 2004
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F33E7FAFCFF12D92D" author="Jell, P. A." box="[136,254,1362,1388]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref7653" refString="Jell, P. A. (2004) The fossil insects of Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 50 (1), 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="2004">Jell, 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F3262FAFCFE59D92D" author="Szwedo, J." box="[269,437,1362,1388]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="109 - 128" refId="ref9171" refString="Szwedo, J. (2018) The unity, diversity and conformity of bugs (Hemiptera) through time. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 107, 109 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 175569101700038 X" type="journal article" year="2018">Szwedo, 2018</bibRefCitation>
). Among
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F3144FAFCFCEAD92D" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[555,774,1362,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Dysmorphoptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dysmorphoptilidae</taxonomicName>
, Eoscarterellinae
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F3225FADBFE37D9D1" author="Evans, J. W." box="[330,475,1397,1424]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="165 - 258" refId="ref6993" refString="Evans, J. W. (1956) Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Hemiptera. Australian Journal of Zoology, 4 (2), 165 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9560165" type="journal article" year="1956">Evans, 1956</bibRefCitation>
have forewing venations most similar to that of the new fossil,
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF07B0F3151FA37FDB1D9F3" box="[574,605,1433,1458]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">viz</emphasis>
. apical portion of tegmen not abruptly narrowed; postclaval margin (tornus) arcuate, convex, not sigmoidal (characteristic of the
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F33B9F9ACFE66DA5D" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1956" box="[214,394,1538,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Dysmorphoptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eoscarterellinae">Eoscarterellinae</taxonomicName>
after the key to dysmorphoptilid subfamilies in
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F322AF98BFD52DA01" author="Szwedo, J. &amp; Huang, D. Y." box="[325,702,1573,1600]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="148 - 170" refId="ref9272" refString="Szwedo, J. &amp; Huang, D. Y. (2019) First Dysmorphoptilidae from the Permian of China (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Prosbolomorpha), with notes on the fossil record of the family. Palaeoentomology, 2 (2), 148 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / palaeoentomology. 2.2.6" type="journal article" year="2019">Szwedo &amp; Huang, 2019: 153</bibRefCitation>
); bSc shortened and ending into R basad the re-emergence of MP+CuA; fork of CuA very deep and narrow with elongate branches; MP with several distal branches; base of RP far distad base of MP+CuA; RP simple, an elongate and broad cell between RA and RP; area between RA and RP distinctly narrowed in its distal half; and RA with a distal series of curved veinlets between RA and Costa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFF07B0F33D2F891FC79DD28" blockId="5.[136,778,158,2093]" lastBlockId="5.[810,1452,158,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F33D2F891FDB4DB1B" author="Szwedo, J. &amp; Huang, D. Y." box="[189,600,1855,1882]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="148 - 170" refId="ref9272" refString="Szwedo, J. &amp; Huang, D. Y. (2019) First Dysmorphoptilidae from the Permian of China (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Prosbolomorpha), with notes on the fossil record of the family. Palaeoentomology, 2 (2), 148 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / palaeoentomology. 2.2.6" type="journal article" year="2019">Szwedo and Huang (2019: 159)</bibRefCitation>
proposed the following diagnosis for
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F32F6F8CCFDBEDB3D" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1956" box="[409,594,1890,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Dysmorphoptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eoscarterellinae">Eoscarterellinae</taxonomicName>
: tegmen rugose, punctate, evenly rounded, basal portion narrowed; postclaval portion of membrane (tornus) arcuate, postnodal membrane distinctly widened; branch ScP+RA with more than two branches; RA
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF07B0F32FDF7ACFE76D451" attach="left" box="[402,410,2050,2064]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">1</subScript>
entering anterior margin before level of claval apex; RP separated from common stalk ScP+R at basal ⅓ of tegmen length; veinlet ir (ra-rp) present, sometimes shortened; veinlets rp-mp and mpcua present. All these characters are present in the new fossil. Only the character ‘MP with four terminals’ is not present, as the new fossil has 11 terminals, and four main branches.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFF07B0F3030FEDCFA9BD995" blockId="5.[810,1452,158,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F3030FEDCFBFFDDCD" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1956" box="[863,1043,370,396]" class="Insecta" family="Dysmorphoptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eoscarterellinae">Eoscarterellinae</taxonomicName>
currently comprise the genera
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F3045FE3BFB84DDF1" authority="Evans, 1956" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1956" box="[810,1128,405,432]" class="Insecta" family="Eoscarterellidae" genus="Eoscarterella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF07B0F3045FE3BFC2DDDEE" box="[810,961,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">Eoscarterella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F30BCFE38FB84DDF1" author="Evans, J. W." box="[979,1128,405,432]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="165 - 258" refId="ref6993" refString="Evans, J. W. (1956) Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Hemiptera. Australian Journal of Zoology, 4 (2), 165 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9560165" type="journal article" year="1956">Evans, 1956</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(Late Triassic,
<collectingCountry id="F3752DC3FFF07B0F365BFE3BFA73DDF1" box="[1332,1439,405,432]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">Australia</collectingCountry>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F3045FE17FB82DD95" authority="Evans, 1958" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1958" box="[810,1134,441,468]" class="Insecta" family="Eoscarterellidae" genus="Belmontocarta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF07B0F3045FE17FC3CDD92" box="[810,976,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">Belmontocarta</emphasis>
Evans, 1958
</taxonomicName>
(Late Permian,
<collectingCountry id="F3752DC3FFF07B0F365BFE17FA73DD95" box="[1332,1439,441,468]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">Australia</collectingCountry>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F3045FE73FB06DDB7" authority="Lara &amp; Wang, 2016" authorityName="Lara &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2016" box="[810,1258,476,503]" class="Insecta" family="Eoscarterellidae" genus="Duraznoscarta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF07B0F3045FE73FC3EDDB7" box="[810,978,477,502]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">Duraznoscarta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F3089FE73FB06DDB7" author="Lara, M. B. &amp; Wang, B." box="[998,1258,476,503]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="49 - 61" refId="ref8342" refString="Lara, M. B. &amp; Wang, B. (2016) New hemipteran insects (Eoscarterellidae, Scytinopteridae, and Protopsyllidiidae) from the Upper Triassic Potrerillos Formation of Mendoza, Argentina. Palaontologische Zeitschrift, 90, 49 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12542 - 016 - 0286 - 8" type="journal article" year="2016">Lara &amp; Wang, 2016</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(Late Triassic,
<collectingCountry id="F3752DC3FFF07B0F3045FE51FC72DE5B" box="[810,926,511,538]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">Argentina</collectingCountry>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F30AAFE51FAB9DE5B" authority="Riek, 1973" authorityName="Riek" authorityYear="1973" box="[965,1365,511,538]" class="Insecta" family="Eoscarterellidae" genus="Dysmorphoscartella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF07B0F30AAFE51FB46DE58" box="[965,1194,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">Dysmorphoscartella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F37AAFE51FAB9DE5B" author="Riek, E. F." box="[1221,1365,511,538]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="513 - 532" refId="ref8884" refString="Riek, E. F. (1973) Fossil insects from the Upper Permian of Natal, South Africa. Annals of the Natal Museum, 21, 513 - 532." type="journal article" year="1973">Riek, 1973</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(Late Permian,
<collectingCountry id="F3752DC3FFF07B0F30F5FD8DFBDEDE7F" box="[922,1074,547,574]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">South Africa</collectingCountry>
), and
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F3711FD8DFA47DE7F" authority="Evans, 1956" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1956" box="[1150,1451,547,574]" class="Insecta" family="Dysmorphoptilidae" genus="Eoscartoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF07B0F3711FD8DFAFCDE7C" box="[1150,1296,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">Eoscartoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F3673FD8DFA47DE7F" author="Evans, J. W." box="[1308,1451,547,574]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="165 - 258" refId="ref6993" refString="Evans, J. W. (1956) Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Hemiptera. Australian Journal of Zoology, 4 (2), 165 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9560165" type="journal article" year="1956">Evans, 1956</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F3026FDE9FB9DDE20" authority="Evans, 1956" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1956" box="[841,1137,582,609]" class="Insecta" family="Hylicellidae" genus="Mesonirvana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF07B0F3026FDE9FC31DE21" box="[841,989,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">Mesonirvana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F308BFDE9FB9DDE20" author="Evans, J. W." box="[996,1137,582,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="165 - 258" refId="ref6993" refString="Evans, J. W. (1956) Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Hemiptera. Australian Journal of Zoology, 4 (2), 165 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9560165" type="journal article" year="1956">Evans, 1956</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F3713FDE9FAE5DE20" author="Evans, J. W." box="[1148,1289,582,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="165 - 258" refId="ref6993" refString="Evans, J. W. (1956) Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Hemiptera. Australian Journal of Zoology, 4 (2), 165 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9560165" type="journal article" year="1956">Evans, 1956</bibRefCitation>
; Late Triassic,
<collectingCountry id="F3752DC3FFF07B0F3045FDC7FC7ADEC5" box="[810,918,617,644]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">Australia</collectingCountry>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F30C1FDC7FBA9DEC2" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1956" box="[942,1093,617,643]" class="Insecta" family="Eoscarterellidae" genus="Eoscarterella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF07B0F30C1FDC7FBA9DEC2" box="[942,1093,617,643]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">Eoscarterella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has branches of CuA shorter and much less branches of MP than in the new fossil;
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F3045FD1EFC50DE8B" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1956" box="[810,956,688,714]" class="Insecta" family="Dysmorphoptilidae" genus="Eoscartoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF07B0F3045FD1EFC50DE8B" box="[810,956,688,714]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">Eoscartoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the new fossil in the basal cell closed with short basal portion of stem CuA (‘arculus’) and stems R and MP leaving basal cell at same point, and less numerous branches of MP and the forked most basal anterior branch of RA (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F372BFC90FB35DF19" author="Evans, J. W." box="[1092,1241,829,856]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="165 - 258" refId="ref6993" refString="Evans, J. W. (1956) Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Hemiptera. Australian Journal of Zoology, 4 (2), 165 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9560165" type="journal article" year="1956">Evans, 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F3785FC93FA4CDF19" author="Lambkin, K. J." box="[1258,1440,829,856]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="207 - 218" refId="ref8258" refString="Lambkin, K. J. (2016) Revision of the Dysmorphoptilidae (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Prosboloidea) of the Queensland Triassic - Part 2. Zootaxa, 4092 (2), 207 - 218. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4092.2.4" type="journal article" year="2016">Lambkin, 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F3045FCCCFC3EDF3A" authorityName="Lara &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2016" box="[810,978,866,891]" class="Insecta" family="Eoscarterellidae" genus="Duraznoscarta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF07B0F3045FCCCFC3EDF3A" box="[810,978,866,891]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">Duraznoscarta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has branches of R basad the emergence of RP and much more anterior branches of RA (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F367FFC2AFC8BDF83" author="Lara, M. B. &amp; Wang, B." pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="49 - 61" refId="ref8342" refString="Lara, M. B. &amp; Wang, B. (2016) New hemipteran insects (Eoscarterellidae, Scytinopteridae, and Protopsyllidiidae) from the Upper Triassic Potrerillos Formation of Mendoza, Argentina. Palaontologische Zeitschrift, 90, 49 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12542 - 016 - 0286 - 8" type="journal article" year="2016">Lara &amp; Wang, 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F3011FC06FAAFDF83" authority="Riek, 1973" authorityName="Riek" authorityYear="1973" box="[894,1347,936,962]" class="Insecta" family="Eoscarterellidae" genus="Dysmorphoscartella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF07B0F3011FC06FB5BDF83" box="[894,1207,936,962]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">Dysmorphoscartella lobata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F37ACFC06FAAFDF83" author="Riek, E. F." box="[1219,1347,936,962]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="513 - 532" refId="ref8884" refString="Riek, E. F. (1973) Fossil insects from the Upper Permian of Natal, South Africa. Annals of the Natal Museum, 21, 513 - 532." type="journal article" year="1973">Riek, 1973</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
strongly differs from the new fossil and the other
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F3798FC65FA47DFA4" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1956" box="[1271,1451,971,997]" class="Insecta" family="Dysmorphoptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eoscarterellinae">Eoscarterellinae</taxonomicName>
in the presence of an elongate and pectinate first branch of RA+ScP and the postclaval portion of membrane nearly straight (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F3080FB9BFB96D80E" author="Riek, E. F." box="[1007,1146,1077,1103]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="513 - 532" refId="ref8884" refString="Riek, E. F. (1973) Fossil insects from the Upper Permian of Natal, South Africa. Annals of the Natal Museum, 21, 513 - 532." type="journal article" year="1973">Riek, 1973</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 13).
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F366AFB9BFBF7D832" authority="Evans, 1958" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Eoscarterellidae" genus="Belmontocarta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perfecta">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF07B0F366AFB9BFC6AD833" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">Belmontocarta perfecta</emphasis>
Evans, 1958
</taxonomicName>
resembles the new fossil, with the following differences: the stems R and MP leaving basal cell at same point
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF07B0F376DFB0EFBF5D8F8" box="[1026,1049,1184,1209]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">vs</emphasis>
. stems MP and CuA leaving basal cell at same point, the third veinlet between RA and C is simple
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF07B0F3013FB48FC7FD8BE" box="[892,915,1254,1279]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">vs</emphasis>
. forked in the latter, first anterior branch of MP forked basad crossvein rp-mp
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF07B0F3710FAA4FB7AD962" box="[1151,1174,1290,1315]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">vs</emphasis>
. distad in the latter, first posterior branch of MP forked distad crossvein mp-cua
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF07B0F3045FAFEFCADD928" box="[810,833,1360,1385]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">vs</emphasis>
. basad in the latter, first posterior branch of MP with only two branches
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF07B0F3090FADAFBFAD9CC" box="[1023,1046,1396,1421]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">vs</emphasis>
. seven along posterior wing margin in the latter (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F30DAFA38FBA8D9F0" author="Evans, J. W." box="[949,1092,1430,1457]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="165 - 258" refId="ref6993" refString="Evans, J. W. (1956) Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Hemiptera. Australian Journal of Zoology, 4 (2), 165 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9560165" type="journal article" year="1956">Evans, 1956</bibRefCitation>
). Both fossils share the presence of punctuation in the area between C, R, RA and RP.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFF07B0F3030FA73FAC2D46C" blockId="5.[810,1452,158,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">
The forewing venations of the species of the hylicellid genus
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F30E9F9AEFB15DA5B" authority="Martynov, 1926" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1926" box="[902,1273,1536,1563]" class="Insecta" family="Hylicellidae" genus="Cycloscytina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF07B0F30E9F9AEFBFBDA5B" box="[902,1047,1536,1562]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">Cycloscytina</emphasis>
Martynov, 1926
</taxonomicName>
(Vietocylinae Shcherbakov, 1988) strongly resemble that of the new fossil in the veinlets between RA and C, a crossvein imp present, making the cell C3 closed, and two crossveins rp-mp, making the cell C2 present (as in
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F3658F920FBE0DA8A" authority="Shcherbakov, 1988" authorityName="Shcherbakov" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Hylicellidae" genus="Vietocycla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF07B0F3658F920FA47DAE9" box="[1335,1451,1678,1704]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">Vietocycla</emphasis>
Shcherbakov, 1988
</taxonomicName>
, but unlike the other
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F364CF91FFC5BDAAE" authority="Evans, 1956" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1956" class="Insecta" family="Hylicellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Hylicellidae
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F3045F97BFC5BDAAE" author="Evans, J. W." box="[810,951,1748,1775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="165 - 258" refId="ref6993" refString="Evans, J. W. (1956) Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Hemiptera. Australian Journal of Zoology, 4 (2), 165 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9560165" type="journal article" year="1956">Evans, 1956</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
that have only one or two short crossveins between RA and C (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F3759F956FB28DB53" author="Evans, J. W." box="[1078,1220,1783,1810]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="165 - 258" refId="ref6993" refString="Evans, J. W. (1956) Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Hemiptera. Australian Journal of Zoology, 4 (2), 165 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9560165" type="journal article" year="1956">Evans, 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F37A0F956FA4BDB53" author="Shcherbakov, D. E." box="[1231,1447,1784,1810]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref9007" refString="Shcherbakov, D. E. (2011) New and little-known families of Hemiptera Cicadomorpha from the Triassic of Central Asia - early analogs of treehoppers and planthoppers. Zootaxa, 2836 (1), 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2836.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">Shcherbakov, 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF07B0F3045F8B5FC8ADB74" author="Shcherbakov, D. E." box="[810,870,1819,1845]" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" pagination="441 - 444" refId="ref9060" refString="Shcherbakov, D. E. (2012) A new subfamily of Mesozoic Hylicellidae (Homoptera: Cicadomorpha). Russian Entomological Journal, 21 (4), 441 - 444. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / rusentj. 21.4.10" type="journal article" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
), the shape of the basal cell between RA and RP, two crossveins between RP and MP.
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F37BDF890FAAADB19" authorityName="Shcherbakov" authorityYear="1988" box="[1234,1350,1854,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Hylicellidae" genus="Vietocycla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF07B0F37BDF890FAAADB19" box="[1234,1350,1854,1880]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">Vietocycla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
strongly differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F30A5F8CCFBB7DB3D" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1926" box="[970,1115,1890,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Hylicellidae" genus="Cycloscytina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF07B0F30A5F8CCFBB7DB3D" box="[970,1115,1890,1916]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">Cycloscytina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the new fossil in the presence of anterior branches of R basad emergence of RP and between base of RP and posterior curvature of RA, and in first branch of RA at level of the beginning of this curvature with three branches. The pattern of R/RA in
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F3045F7BCFC72D46D" authorityName="Shcherbakov" authorityYear="1988" box="[810,926,2066,2092]" class="Insecta" family="Hylicellidae" genus="Vietocycla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF07B0F3045F7BCFC72D46D" box="[810,926,2066,2092]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">Vietocycla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF07B0F3710F7BDFACBD46D" authorityName="Lara &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2016" box="[1151,1319,2067,2092]" class="Insecta" family="Eoscarterellidae" genus="Duraznoscarta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF07B0F3710F7BDFACBD46D" box="[1151,1319,2067,2092]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="188">Duraznoscarta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFF37B0C33D2FF30FB20DC9C" blockId="6.[136,778,158,924]" lastBlockId="6.[810,1452,158,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF37B0C33D2FF30FD57DCF9" authority="Martynov, 1926" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1926" box="[189,699,158,185]" class="Insecta" family="Hylicellidae" genus="Cycloscytina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delutinervia">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF37B0C33D2FF30FE04DCF9" box="[189,488,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Cycloscytina delutinervia</emphasis>
Martynov, 1926
</taxonomicName>
(Late Jurassic) differs from the new fossil by the less numerous branches of MP and shorter branches of CuA, but
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF37B0C33E7FEA3FCE6DD69" authority="(Becker-Migdisova, 1962)" baseAuthorityName="Becker-Migdisova" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[136,778,269,296]" class="Insecta" family="Hylicellidae" genus="Cycloscytina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgoroides">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF37B0C33E7FEA3FE5FDD66" box="[136,435,269,295]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Cycloscytina fulgoroides</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF37B0C32BAFEA3FCEDDD69" author="Becker-Migdisova, E. F." box="[469,769,269,296]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" pagination="89 - 104" refId="ref6466" refString="Becker-Migdisova, E. F. (1962) Nekotorye novye poluzhestkokrylye i senoedy. [Some new fossil Hemiptera and Psocoptera]. Paleontologicheskij Zhurnal, (1), 89 - 104. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Becker-Migdisova, 1962</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(Triassic,originallyin
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF37B0C3214FE9CFCEADD0D" authority="Becker-Migdisova, 1962" authorityName="Becker-Migdisova" authorityYear="1962" box="[379,774,306,332]" class="Insecta" family="Hylicellidae" genus="Asiocixius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF37B0C3214FE9CFE02DD0D" box="[379,494,306,332]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Asiocixius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF37B0C329EFE9CFCEADD0D" author="Becker-Migdisova, E. F." box="[497,774,306,332]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" pagination="89 - 104" refId="ref6466" refString="Becker-Migdisova, E. F. (1962) Nekotorye novye poluzhestkokrylye i senoedy. [Some new fossil Hemiptera and Psocoptera]. Paleontologicheskij Zhurnal, (1), 89 - 104. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Becker-Migdisova,1962</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, a genus synonymized with
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF37B0C32D7FEF9FDA5DD30" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1926" box="[440,585,343,369]" class="Insecta" family="Hylicellidae" genus="Cycloscytina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF37B0C32D7FEF9FDA5DD30" box="[440,585,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Cycloscytina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Shcherbakov, 1988, but see also
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF37B0C3230FED2FDAADDD7" author="Szwedo, J. &amp; Bourgoin, T. &amp; Lefebvre, F." box="[351,582,380,406]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" pagination="1 - 199" refId="ref9222" refString="Szwedo, J., Bourgoin, T. &amp; Lefebvre, F. (2004) Fossil planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) of the World. An annotated catalogue with notes on Hemiptera classification. Studio 1 (publ.), Warsaw, 1 - 199." type="book chapter" year="2004">
Szwedo
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF37B0C32AFFED3FE1FDDD7" box="[448,499,380,406]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">et al</emphasis>
., 2004
</bibRefCitation>
), has much more branches of MP (even more than in the new fossil) and longer branches of CuA, but supposedly no crossvein ir and only one crossvein rp-mp.
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF37B0C329EFE45FCE6DE44" baseAuthorityName="Becker-Migdisova" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[497,778,491,517]" class="Insecta" family="Hylicellidae" genus="Cycloscytina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgoroides">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF37B0C329EFE45FCE6DE44" box="[497,778,491,517]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Cycloscytina fulgoroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also differs from the new fossil in the aligned forks of MP and CuA.
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF37B0C3254FD9BFCE6DE0E" authority="(Martynov, 1937)" baseAuthorityName="Martynov" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[315,778,565,591]" class="Insecta" family="Hylicellidae" genus="Cycloscytina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asiatica">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF37B0C3254FD9BFDDEDE0F" box="[315,562,565,591]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Cycloscytina asiatica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF37B0C3129FD9BFCEDDE0E" author="Martynov, A. V." box="[582,769,565,591]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" pagination="1 - 179" refId="ref8511" refString="Martynov, A. V. (1937) Liasovye nasekomye Shuraba i Kizil- Kii [Liassic insects from Shurab and Kisyl-Kiya]. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii nauk SSSR, Moscow, 7 (1), 1 - 179. [In Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1937">Martynov, 1937</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF37B0C33DFFDF4FCEDDE35" authority="Becker-Migdisova, 1962" authorityName="Becker-Migdisova" authorityYear="1962" box="[176,769,601,628]" class="Insecta" family="Hylicellidae" genus="Mesocixiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rohdendorfi">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF37B0C33DFFDF4FE38DE35" box="[176,468,602,628]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Mesocixiella rohdendorfi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF37B0C328DFDF4FCEDDE35" author="Becker-Migdisova, E. F." box="[482,769,601,628]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" pagination="89 - 104" refId="ref6466" refString="Becker-Migdisova, E. F. (1962) Nekotorye novye poluzhestkokrylye i senoedy. [Some new fossil Hemiptera and Psocoptera]. Paleontologicheskij Zhurnal, (1), 89 - 104. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Becker-Migdisova, 1962</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) (Early Jurassic), and
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF37B0C32E4FDD0FF25DEFF" authority="(Martynov, 1937)" baseAuthorityName="Martynov" baseAuthorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Hylicellidae" genus="Cycloscytina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="extensa">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF37B0C32E4FDD0FD92DED9" box="[395,638,638,664]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Cycloscytina extensa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF37B0C31FBFDD1FF2DDEFF" author="Martynov, A. V." pageId="6" pageNumber="189" pagination="1 - 179" refId="ref8511" refString="Martynov, A. V. (1937) Liasovye nasekomye Shuraba i Kizil- Kii [Liassic insects from Shurab and Kisyl-Kiya]. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii nauk SSSR, Moscow, 7 (1), 1 - 179. [In Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1937">Martynov, 1937</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(Early to
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF37B0C3256FD0DFE01DEFF" authority="Jurassic" authorityName="Jurassic" box="[313,493,675,702]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Middle" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Middle Jurassic</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF37B0C3290FD0DFDF2DEA2" authority="(Hong, 1983) (Middle Jurassic)" authorityName="Middle Jurassic" baseAuthorityName="Hong" baseAuthorityYear="1983" class="Insecta" family="Hylicellidae" genus="Cycloscytina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="korlaensis">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF37B0C3290FD0DFCE6DEFC" box="[511,778,675,701]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Cycloscytina korlaensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF37B0C33FFFD67FECBDEA2" author="Hong, Y. C." box="[144,295,713,739]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" refId="ref7306" refString="Hong, Y. C. (1983) Middle Jurassic fossil insects in North China. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, 223 pp. [In Chinese with English summary] https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11430 - 017 - 9268 - 7" type="book" year="1983">Hong, 1983</bibRefCitation>
) (Middle Jurassic)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF37B0C3116FD66FE0EDF49" authority="(Shcherbakov, 1988)" baseAuthorityName="Shcherbakov" baseAuthorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Hylicellidae" genus="Cycloscytina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gobiensis">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF37B0C3116FD66FF1EDF46" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Cycloscytina gobiensis</emphasis>
(Shcherbakov, 1988)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF37B0C329EFD43FDA8DF46" box="[497,580,749,775]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Middle" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="192" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Middle</taxonomicName>
to Late Jurassic), have also numerous anterior branches of RA, and share with the new fossil a posterior curvature of main stem of RA. All differ from the latter in the less numerous branches of MP, and the fork of CuA distad the level of that of MP (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF37B0C30D2FF30FB95DCF9" author="Martynov, A. V." box="[957,1145,158,184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" pagination="1 - 179" refId="ref8511" refString="Martynov, A. V. (1937) Liasovye nasekomye Shuraba i Kizil- Kii [Liassic insects from Shurab and Kisyl-Kiya]. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii nauk SSSR, Moscow, 7 (1), 1 - 179. [In Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1937">Martynov, 1937</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF37B0C37E6FF30FA4BDCF9" author="Becker-Migdisova, E. F." box="[1161,1447,158,184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" pagination="89 - 104" refId="ref6466" refString="Becker-Migdisova, E. F. (1962) Nekotorye novye poluzhestkokrylye i senoedy. [Some new fossil Hemiptera and Psocoptera]. Paleontologicheskij Zhurnal, (1), 89 - 104. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Becker-Migdisova, 1962</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF37B0C3045FF6DFC5DDC9C" author="Hong, Y. C." box="[810,945,195,221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" refId="ref7306" refString="Hong, Y. C. (1983) Middle Jurassic fossil insects in North China. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, 223 pp. [In Chinese with English summary] https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11430 - 017 - 9268 - 7" type="book" year="1983">Hong, 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF37B0C30D2FF6CFB4EDC9C" author="Shcherbakov, D. E." box="[957,1186,194,221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" pagination="52 - 63" refId="ref8917" refString="Shcherbakov, D. E. (1988 a) New cicadas (Cicadina) from the Late Mesozoic of Transbaikalia. Paleontological Journal, 22 (4), 52 - 63." type="journal article" year="1988">Shcherbakov, 1988a</bibRefCitation>
, b).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFF37B0C3030FF4BFB19DE7D" blockId="6.[810,1452,158,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">
Given the traits discussed above, we tentatively placed the fossil in
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF37B0C374FFEA7FB3BDD62" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1956" box="[1056,1239,265,291]" class="Insecta" family="Dysmorphoptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eoscarterellinae">Eoscarterellinae</taxonomicName>
, and raised some questions about taxonomic units. The venation of the
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF37B0C3045FEE1FC02DD2B" box="[810,1006,335,362]" class="Insecta" family="Hylicellidae" genus="Cycloscytina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF37B0C3045FEE1FC57DD28" box="[810,955,335,361]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Cycloscytina</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
resembles those of the
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF37B0C379FFEE1FA4BDD28" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1956" box="[1264,1447,335,361]" class="Insecta" family="Dysmorphoptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eoscarterellinae">Eoscarterellinae</taxonomicName>
, to the point that we could not find any significant differences, except for the number of branches of RP and MP, characters variable in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF37B0C37ACFE16FAB8DD93" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1926" box="[1219,1364,440,466]" class="Insecta" family="Hylicellidae" genus="Cycloscytina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF37B0C37ACFE16FAB8DD93" box="[1219,1364,440,466]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Cycloscytina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF37B0C3045FE75FC0EDDB4" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1956" box="[810,994,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Dysmorphoptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eoscarterellinae">Eoscarterellinae</taxonomicName>
. It is likely possible that
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF37B0C3674FE75FA40DDB4" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1926" box="[1307,1452,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Hylicellidae" genus="Cycloscytina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF37B0C3674FE75FA40DDB4" box="[1307,1452,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Cycloscytina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF37B0C30B9FE51FB61DE58" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1956" box="[982,1165,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Dysmorphoptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eoscarterellinae">Eoscarterellinae</taxonomicName>
, but only a phylogenetic analysis could help to solve the problem.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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