treatments-xml/data/03/B0/87/03B087EDFFEAFFBDFF59F91DFE0DD8FA.xml

<document id="B57750FECBC1137262E0D988817F2AC9" ID-CLB-Dataset="25927" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4658.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c807f833-9fe4-45ec-b5d6-62c6b88979b3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3376028" ID-ZooBank="D926CCEC-56EF-4E9A-98BE-CEB4D4D3D60A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1566575792581" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Goodwin, Claire E., Berman, Jade &amp; Hendry, Katharine R." docDate="2019" docId="03B087EDFFEAFFBDFF59F91DFE0DD8FA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4658.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4658 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tedania (Tedaniopsis) tantula" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="497" masterDocId="FF89FF95FFC9FF99FFCEFFD4FFA5DF62" masterDocTitle="Demosponges from the sublittoral and shallow-circalittoral (&lt;24 m depth) Antarctic Peninsula with a description of four new species and notes on in situ identification characteristics" masterLastPageNumber="508" masterPageNumber="461" pageNumber="496" updateTime="1732601715405" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="EF56AF1BC115BB7F217AD5E4E45694BD">Demosponges from the sublittoral and shallow-circalittoral (&lt;24 m depth) Antarctic Peninsula with a description of four new species and notes on in situ identification characteristics</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C194D78FFEAFFBAFF59F91DFD5FD986" ID-CoL="677cbada-67ad-41de-bc3b-9da234dc5e05" authority="(Kirkpatrick, 1907)" baseAuthorityName="Kirkpatrick" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[151,762,1737,1764]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tedaniidae" genus="Tedania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="35" pageNumber="496" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tantula" subGenus="Tedaniopsis">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEAFFBAFF59F91DFD5FD986" bold="true" box="[151,762,1737,1764]" pageId="35" pageNumber="496">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEAFFBAFF59F91DFF5DD986" bold="true" box="[151,248,1737,1764]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="496">Tedania</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEAFFBAFEC7F91DFE32D986" bold="true" box="[265,407,1737,1764]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="496">Tedaniopsis</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEAFFBAFE66F91DFE5BD986" bold="true" box="[424,510,1737,1764]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="496">tantula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B0AFFEAFFBAFDC0F91EFD57D986" author="Kirkpatrick, R." box="[526,754,1738,1764]" pageId="35" pageNumber="496" pagination="271 - 291" refId="ref35517" refString="Kirkpatrick, R. (1907) Preliminary Report on the Monaxonellida of the National Antarctic Expedition. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 20 (117), 271 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930709487333" type="journal article" year="1907">Kirkpatrick, 1907</bibRefCitation>
)
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(
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)
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Synonomy: 
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<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEAFFBAFEDCF8E6FE14D828" box="[274,433,1842,1866]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="496">Tedania tantula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B0AFFEAFFBAFE70F8E5FDD2D828" author="Kirkpatrick, R." box="[446,631,1841,1866]" pageId="35" pageNumber="496" pagination="271 - 291" refId="ref35517" refString="Kirkpatrick, R. (1907) Preliminary Report on the Monaxonellida of the National Antarctic Expedition. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 20 (117), 271 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930709487333" type="journal article" year="1907">Kirkpatrick, 1907</bibRefCitation>
)
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, 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D78FFEAFFBAFD47F8E7FBA1D828" authority="Kirkpatrick, 1907" authorityName="Kirkpatrick" authorityYear="1907" box="[649,1028,1841,1866]" class="Demospongiae" family="Phloeodictyidae" genus="Oceanapia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="35" pageNumber="496" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tantula">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEAFFBAFD47F8E7FCE2D828" box="[649,839,1842,1866]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="496">Oceanapia tantula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B0AFFEAFFBAFC83F8E5FBA1D828" author="Kirkpatrick, R." box="[845,1028,1841,1866]" pageId="35" pageNumber="496" pagination="271 - 291" refId="ref35517" refString="Kirkpatrick, R. (1907) Preliminary Report on the Monaxonellida of the National Antarctic Expedition. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 20 (117), 271 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930709487333" type="journal article" year="1907">Kirkpatrick, 1907</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="8BA636FBFFEAFFBDFF59F8ACFAD9DE7D" blockId="35.[151,1437,1912,2011]" lastBlockId="36.[151,1437,152,1944]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="497" pageId="35" pageNumber="496">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEAFFBAFF59F8ACFEB9D8F1" bold="true" box="[151,284,1912,1939]" pageId="35" pageNumber="496">Specimens.</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED08AE3EFFEAFFBAFEE9F8ACFE2ED8F1" box="[295,395,1912,1939]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2x42-q9ch" name="Ulster Museum, Belfast" pageId="35" pageNumber="496">BELUM</collectionCode>
. 
<location id="8EC66020FFEAFFBAFE40F8ACFE16D8F1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B087EDFFEAFFBDFF59F91DFE0DD8FA:8EC66020FFEAFFBAFE40F8ACFE16D8F1" box="[398,435,1912,1939]" county="Site" latitude="-65.24358" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-64.25032" municipality="Verdansky Base" name="Mc" pageId="35" pageNumber="496">Mc</location>
2015.600 
<location id="8EC66020FFEAFFBAFDE7F8ADFD61D8F0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B087EDFFEAFFBDFF59F91DFE0DD8FA:8EC66020FFEAFFBAFDE7F8ADFD61D8F0" box="[553,708,1912,1939]" county="Site" latitude="-65.24358" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-64.25032" municipality="Verdansky Base" name="Grotto Island" pageId="35" pageNumber="496">Grotto Island</location>
, 
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1) (
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, 
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), depth 
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</date>
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<location id="8EC66020FFEAFFBAFE33F848FD87D8D5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B087EDFFEAFFBDFF59F91DFE0DD8FA:8EC66020FFEAFFBAFE33F848FD87D8D5" box="[509,546,1948,1975]" county="Site" latitude="-65.24215" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-64.257515" municipality="Verdansky Base" name="Mc" pageId="35" pageNumber="496">Mc</location>
2015.619 
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, 
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(
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2) (
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2D503CFFEAFFBAFB23F848FA2AD8D5" box="[1261,1423,1948,1975]" degrees="64" direction="west" minutes="15.451" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="496" precision="1" value="-64.257515">64° 15.451’W</geoCoordinate>
), depth 
<quantity id="4CE19B1EFFEAFFBAFF10F814FE9DD8B9" box="[222,312,1984,2011]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="35" pageNumber="496" unit="m" value="12.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="6.0">
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</date>
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<location id="8EC66020FFEAFFBAFDF2F814FDC4D8B9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B087EDFFEAFFBDFF59F91DFE0DD8FA:8EC66020FFEAFFBAFDF2F814FDC4D8B9" box="[572,609,1984,2011]" latitude="-65.758934" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-65.78865" municipality="Rocks" name="Mc" pageId="35" pageNumber="496">Mc</location>
2015.686 
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(
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, 
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), depth 
<quantity id="4CE19B1EFFEDFFBDFF13FF4DFE90DFD1" box="[221,309,153,179]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="14.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="6.0">
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<collectionCode id="ED08AE3EFFEDFFBDFE01FF4CFD96DFD1" box="[463,563,152,179]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2x42-q9ch" name="Ulster Museum, Belfast" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">BELUM</collectionCode>
. 
<location id="8EC66020FFEDFFBDFDF8FF4CFDFEDFD1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B087EDFFEAFFBDFF59F91DFE0DD8FA:8EC66020FFEDFFBDFDF8FF4CFDFEDFD1" box="[566,603,152,179]" county="Booth Island" latitude="-65.06422" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-64.031136" municipality="Port Charcot" name="Mc" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Mc</location>
2015.738 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC2AC81FFEDFFBDFD00FF4DFCC5DFD1" box="[718,864,153,179]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Port Charcot</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62C74E77FFEDFFBDFCA5FF4DFC5FDFD1" box="[875,1018,153,179]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Booth Island</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE2D503CFFEDFFBDFBC5FF4CFB3EDFD1" box="[1035,1179,152,179]" degrees="65" direction="south" minutes="03.853" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" precision="1" value="-65.06422">65°03.853’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2D503CFFEDFFBDFB69FF4DFAEFDFD6" box="[1191,1354,153,180]" degrees="64" direction="west" minutes="01.868" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" precision="1" value="-64.031136">64° 01.868’W</geoCoordinate>
), depth 
<quantity id="4CE19B1EFFEDFFBDFF59FF69FF48DFB5" box="[151,237,189,215]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="11.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="6.0">
<elevation id="0034D1C8FFEDFFBDFF59FF69FF48DFB5" box="[151,237,189,215]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="11.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="6.0">6–16 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; 
<date id="FFA7103BFFEDFFBDFF39FF68FEDEDFB5" box="[247,379,188,215]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" value="2015-02-23">
<collectingDate id="EFE3E9D3FFEDFFBDFF39FF68FEDEDFB5" box="[247,379,188,215]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" value="2015-02-23">23/02/2015</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B713CA6FFEDFFBDFE4DFF68FCFBDF99" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2351015111" collectingDate="2015-02-25" collectionCode="BELUM" collectorName="C. Goodwin &amp; E. Priestley" county="Orne Harbour" elevation="13" latitude="-64.62925" location="Mc" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-62.5503" municipality="Under Spiggot Peak" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED08AE3EFFEDFFBDFE4DFF68FE42DFB5" box="[387,487,188,215]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2x42-q9ch" name="Ulster Museum, Belfast" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">BELUM</collectionCode>
. 
<location id="8EC66020FFEDFFBDFE24FF68FDAADFB5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B087EDFFEAFFBDFF59F91DFE0DD8FA:8EC66020FFEDFFBDFE24FF68FDAADFB5" box="[490,527,188,215]" county="Orne Harbour" latitude="-64.62925" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-62.5503" municipality="Under Spiggot Peak" name="Mc" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Mc</location>
2015.778 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC2AC81FFEDFFBDFDB1FF69FCC5DFB5" box="[639,864,189,215]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Under Spiggot Peak</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62C74E77FFEDFFBDFCA7FF69FBA6DFB5" box="[873,1027,189,215]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Orne Harbour</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE2D503CFFEDFFBDFBDFFF68FB07DFB5" box="[1041,1186,188,215]" degrees="64" direction="south" minutes="37.755" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" precision="1" value="-64.62925">64°37.755’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2D503CFFEDFFBDFB65FF69FAE9DFB5" box="[1195,1356,189,215]" degrees="62" direction="west" minutes="33.018" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" precision="1" value="-62.5503">62° 33.018’W</geoCoordinate>
), depth 
<quantity id="4CE19B1EFFEDFFBDFF59FF34FF55DF99" box="[151,240,224,251]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="13.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="5.0">
<elevation id="0034D1C8FFEDFFBDFF59FF34FF55DF99" box="[151,240,224,251]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="13.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="5.0">5–21 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; collected by 
<collectorName id="26EC532DFFEDFFBDFE42FF35FDB0DF99" box="[396,533,225,251]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">C. Goodwin</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName id="26EC532DFFEDFFBDFD83FF35FD6ADF99" box="[589,719,225,251]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">E. Priestley</collectorName>
, 
<date id="FFA7103BFFEDFFBDFD15FF34FCFBDF99" box="[731,862,224,251]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" value="2015-02-25">
<collectingDate id="EFE3E9D3FFEDFFBDFD15FF34FCFBDF99" box="[731,862,224,251]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" value="2015-02-25">25/02/2015</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B713CA6FFEDFFBDFCA7FF34FAD2DE7D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2351015252" collectingDate="2015-02-26" collectionCode="BELUM" collectorName="C. Goodwin &amp; E. Priestley" county="Deception Island" elevation="13" latitude="-62.99345" location="Mc" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-60.560017" municipality="Neptune's Bellows" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED08AE3EFFEDFFBDFCA7FF34FC68DF99" box="[873,973,224,251]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2x42-q9ch" name="Ulster Museum, Belfast" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">BELUM</collectionCode>
. 
<location id="8EC66020FFEDFFBDFC1EFF34FC50DF99" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B087EDFFEAFFBDFF59F91DFE0DD8FA:8EC66020FFEDFFBDFC1EFF34FC50DF99" box="[976,1013,224,251]" county="Deception Island" latitude="-62.99345" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-60.560017" municipality="Neptune's Bellows" name="Mc" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Mc</location>
2015.809 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC2AC81FFEDFFBDFBA6FF35FAE5DF99" box="[1128,1344,225,251]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Neptune’s Bellows</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62C74E77FFEDFFBDFA85FF35FEABDE7D" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Deception Island</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE2D503CFFEDFFBDFED3FED0FE0ADE7D" box="[285,431,260,287]" degrees="62" direction="south" minutes="59.607" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" precision="1" value="-62.99345">62°59.607’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2D503CFFEDFFBDFE74FED1FDF9DE42" box="[442,604,261,288]" degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="33.601" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" precision="1" value="-60.560017">60° 33.601’W</geoCoordinate>
), depth 
<quantity id="4CE19B1EFFEDFFBDFD7BFED1FCA8DE7D" box="[693,781,261,287]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="7.0">
<elevation id="0034D1C8FFEDFFBDFD7BFED1FCA8DE7D" box="[693,781,261,287]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="7.0">7–18 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; collected by 
<collectorName id="26EC532DFFEDFFBDFC66FED1FB95DE7D" box="[936,1072,261,287]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">C. Goodwin</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName id="26EC532DFFEDFFBDFBA9FED1FB4CDE7D" box="[1127,1257,261,287]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">E. Priestley</collectorName>
, 
<date id="FFA7103BFFEDFFBDFB3AFED0FAD2DE7D" box="[1268,1399,260,287]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" value="2015-02-26">
<collectingDate id="EFE3E9D3FFEDFFBDFB3AFED0FAD2DE7D" box="[1268,1399,260,287]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" value="2015-02-26">26/02/2015</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA636FBFFEDFFBDFF09FEFCFDA9DE05" blockId="36.[151,1437,152,1944]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">
<materialsCitation id="3B713CA6FFEDFFBDFF09FEFCFB32DE21" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2351015135" box="[199,1175,296,323]" collectionCode="BELUM" elevation="14" latitude="-62.203083" location="Mc" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-58.946" municipality="Diomedea Island" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED08AE3EFFEDFFBDFF09FEFCFE8EDE21" box="[199,299,296,323]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2x42-q9ch" name="Ulster Museum, Belfast" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">BELUM</collectionCode>
. 
<location id="8EC66020FFEDFFBDFEE0FEFCFEF6DE21" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B087EDFFEAFFBDFF59F91DFE0DD8FA:8EC66020FFEDFFBDFEE0FEFCFEF6DE21" box="[302,339,296,323]" latitude="-62.203083" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-58.946" municipality="Diomedea Island" name="Mc" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Mc</location>
2015.840 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC2AC81FFEDFFBDFE08FEFDFD20DE21" box="[454,645,297,323]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Diomedea Island</collectingMunicipality>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE2D503CFFEDFFBDFD58FEFCFC83DE21" box="[662,806,296,323]" degrees="62" direction="south" minutes="12.185" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" precision="1" value="-62.203083">62°12.185’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2D503CFFEDFFBDFCFCFEFCFC73DE21" box="[818,982,296,323]" degrees="58" direction="west" minutes="56.760" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" precision="1" value="-58.946">58° 56.760’W</geoCoordinate>
), depth 
<quantity id="4CE19B1EFFEDFFBDFBFEFEFDFB32DE21" box="[1072,1175,297,323]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="14.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="10.0">
<elevation id="0034D1C8FFEDFFBDFBFEFEFDFB32DE21" box="[1072,1175,297,323]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="14.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="10.0">10–18 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
; collected by C. Goodwin and E. Priestley, 
<date id="FFA7103BFFEDFFBDFE4BFE98FDACDE05" box="[389,521,332,359]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" value="2015-03-01">01/03/2015</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA636FBFFEDFFBDFF09FEA4FD3CDED2" blockId="36.[151,1437,152,1944]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFF09FEA4FDEBDEE9" bold="true" box="[199,590,368,395]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Comparative material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B713CA6FFEDFFBDFD9DFEA5FD3CDED2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2351015209" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" specimenCode="BMNH 1908.2" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCode id="DBBF9E80FFEDFFBDFD9DFEA5FD5EDEE9" box="[595,763,368,395]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">BMNH 1908.2</specimenCode>
.5.198 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D78FFEDFFBDFC8AFEA5FB7BDEE9" authority="Kirkpatrick, 1907" authorityName="Kirkpatrick" authorityYear="1907" box="[836,1246,369,395]" class="Demospongiae" family="Phloeodictyidae" genus="Oceanapia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tantula">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFC8AFEA5FBB6DEE9" box="[836,1043,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Oceanapia tantula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B0AFFEDFFBDFBD7FEA5FB7BDEE9" author="Kirkpatrick, R." box="[1049,1246,369,395]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" pagination="271 - 291" refId="ref35517" refString="Kirkpatrick, R. (1907) Preliminary Report on the Monaxonellida of the National Antarctic Expedition. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 20 (117), 271 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930709487333" type="journal article" year="1907">Kirkpatrick, 1907</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54A28859FFEDFFBDFB2DFEA5FAEADEE9" box="[1251,1359,369,395]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
. Slides a–k (spicule preparations and tissue sections).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA636FBFFEDFFBDFF09FE6DFD78DD01" blockId="36.[151,1437,152,1944]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFF09FE6DFE6EDEB1" bold="true" box="[199,459,441,467]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">External morphology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C194D78FFEDFFBDFE1EFE6EFD3BDEB1" box="[464,670,442,467]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Iophon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="situ" subSpecies="appearance">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFE1EFE6EFD3BDEB1" box="[464,670,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">In situ appearance</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13222A7EFFEDFFBDFD64FE6DFC89DEB1" box="[682,812,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="37.[151,250,927,952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,908]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,174,908]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 21. Tedania (Tedaniopsis) tantula (Kirkpatrick, 1907). BELUM.Mc2015.600.A. In situ appearance. B. Choanosomal skeleton, scale bar 500 µm. C. Ectosomal skeleton, scale bar 500 µm D. Style. E. Tornote. F. Tornote ends. G. Small onychaete. H. Large onychaete. I. Large onychaete ends. Spicule scale bars all 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3376072/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Figure 21A</figureCitation>
): Yellow orange tubular sponge which may be branched. Up to 
<quantity id="4CE19B1EFFEDFFBDFF2EFE09FE82DE95" box="[224,295,477,503]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
in length. The oval tubes taper out to a pore sieve structure at their end. In all of our specimens the majority of the tube was covered in encrusting epiphytes and epizooids (algae, bryozoans, other sponges) and only the terminal pore sieve structures were visible and immediately apparent. The texture of the tubes is very chitinous and most un sponge-like—resembling a worm tube.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA636FBFFEDFFBDFF09FDB9FA34DDE5" blockId="36.[151,1437,152,1944]" box="[199,1425,621,647]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFF09FDB9FE6FDDE5" box="[199,458,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Preserved appearance.</emphasis>
Tapered tube with smooth surface. Texture very firm. Alcohol coloured bright yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA636FBFFEDFFBDFF09FD44FC5EDD91" blockId="36.[151,1437,152,1944]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFF09FD44FE8BDDC9" bold="true" box="[199,302,656,683]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Skeleton</emphasis>
: The main choanosomal skeleton (
<figureCitation id="13222A7EFFEDFFBDFD0DFD45FCE2DDC9" box="[707,839,657,683]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="37.[151,250,927,952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,908]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,174,908]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 21. Tedania (Tedaniopsis) tantula (Kirkpatrick, 1907). BELUM.Mc2015.600.A. In situ appearance. B. Choanosomal skeleton, scale bar 500 µm. C. Ectosomal skeleton, scale bar 500 µm D. Style. E. Tornote. F. Tornote ends. G. Small onychaete. H. Large onychaete. I. Large onychaete ends. Spicule scale bars all 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3376072/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Figure 21B</figureCitation>
) is formed of ascending columns of up to 20 styles mixed with onychaetes with some smaller intercrossing columns and many free styles. The outer ectosomal chitinous layer (
<figureCitation id="13222A7EFFEDFFBDFEC2FD0DFE2BDD91" box="[268,398,729,755]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="37.[151,250,927,952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,908]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,174,908]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 21. Tedania (Tedaniopsis) tantula (Kirkpatrick, 1907). BELUM.Mc2015.600.A. In situ appearance. B. Choanosomal skeleton, scale bar 500 µm. C. Ectosomal skeleton, scale bar 500 µm D. Style. E. Tornote. F. Tornote ends. G. Small onychaete. H. Large onychaete. I. Large onychaete ends. Spicule scale bars all 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3376072/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Figure 21C</figureCitation>
) is formed of an ectosomal tangential layer of tornotes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA636FBFFEDFFBDFF09FD28FC85DC75" blockId="36.[151,1437,152,1944]" box="[199,800,764,791]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFF09FD28FE96DC75" bold="true" box="[199,307,764,791]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Spicules:</emphasis>
Measurements from 
<collectionCode id="ED08AE3EFFEDFFBDFDEFFD28FD23DC75" box="[545,646,764,791]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2x42-q9ch" name="Ulster Museum, Belfast" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">BELUM</collectionCode>
.Mc2015.600.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA636FBFFEDFFBDFF09FCF5FB01DC59" blockId="36.[151,1437,152,1944]" box="[199,1188,800,828]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">
Styles (
<figureCitation id="13222A7EFFEDFFBDFED4FCF5FE04DC59" box="[282,417,801,827]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="37.[151,250,927,952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,908]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,174,908]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 21. Tedania (Tedaniopsis) tantula (Kirkpatrick, 1907). BELUM.Mc2015.600.A. In situ appearance. B. Choanosomal skeleton, scale bar 500 µm. C. Ectosomal skeleton, scale bar 500 µm D. Style. E. Tornote. F. Tornote ends. G. Small onychaete. H. Large onychaete. I. Large onychaete ends. Spicule scale bars all 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3376072/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Figure 21D</figureCitation>
): 393(445)512 by 16(20) 
<quantity id="4CE19B1EFFEDFFBDFD76FCF5FCA6DC59" box="[696,771,801,828]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 µm</quantity>
abruptly pointed and usually curved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA636FBFFEDFFBDFF09FC91FBF4DC3D" blockId="36.[151,1437,152,1944]" box="[199,1105,836,863]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">
Tornotes (
<figureCitation id="13222A7EFFEDFFBDFEF9FC91FE74DC3D" box="[311,465,837,863]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="37.[151,250,927,952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,908]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,174,908]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 21. Tedania (Tedaniopsis) tantula (Kirkpatrick, 1907). BELUM.Mc2015.600.A. In situ appearance. B. Choanosomal skeleton, scale bar 500 µm. C. Ectosomal skeleton, scale bar 500 µm D. Style. E. Tornote. F. Tornote ends. G. Small onychaete. H. Large onychaete. I. Large onychaete ends. Spicule scale bars all 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3376072/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Figure 21E,F</figureCitation>
): 404(438)452 by 7(12) 
<quantity id="4CE19B1EFFEDFFBDFD12FC90FC80DC3D" box="[732,805,836,863]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 µm</quantity>
ends usually symmetrical.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA636FBFFEDFFBDFF09FCBDFD58DCE1" blockId="36.[151,1437,152,1944]" box="[199,765,873,900]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">
Onychaetes 1 (
<figureCitation id="13222A7EFFEDFFBDFEA3FCBDFE51DCE1" box="[365,500,873,899]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="37.[151,250,927,952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,908]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,174,908]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 21. Tedania (Tedaniopsis) tantula (Kirkpatrick, 1907). BELUM.Mc2015.600.A. In situ appearance. B. Choanosomal skeleton, scale bar 500 µm. C. Ectosomal skeleton, scale bar 500 µm D. Style. E. Tornote. F. Tornote ends. G. Small onychaete. H. Large onychaete. I. Large onychaete ends. Spicule scale bars all 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3376072/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Figure 21G</figureCitation>
): length 76(88) 
<quantity id="4CE19B1EFFEDFFBDFD51FCBDFD5CDCE1" box="[671,761,873,900]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" unit="mm" value="103.0">103 µm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA636FBFFEDFFBDFF09FC59FC8FDCC5" blockId="36.[151,1437,152,1944]" box="[199,810,908,935]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">
Onychaetes 2 (
<figureCitation id="13222A7EFFEDFFBDFEA3FC59FDA1DCC5" box="[365,516,909,935]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="37.[151,250,927,952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,908]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,174,908]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 21. Tedania (Tedaniopsis) tantula (Kirkpatrick, 1907). BELUM.Mc2015.600.A. In situ appearance. B. Choanosomal skeleton, scale bar 500 µm. C. Ectosomal skeleton, scale bar 500 µm D. Style. E. Tornote. F. Tornote ends. G. Small onychaete. H. Large onychaete. I. Large onychaete ends. Spicule scale bars all 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3376072/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Figure 21H,I</figureCitation>
): length 416(510) 
<quantity id="4CE19B1EFFEDFFBDFD05FC58FC83DCC5" box="[715,806,908,935]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.94" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" unit="mm" value="694.0">694 µm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA636FBFFEDFFBDFF09FC65FCF6DB39" blockId="36.[151,1437,152,1944]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFF09FC65FE9EDCA9" bold="true" box="[199,315,945,971]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Remarks.</emphasis>
The spicule size ranges and external form of our specimen closely match those of the type (from our measurements of the 
<typeStatus id="54A28859FFEDFFBDFE4DFC01FE4EDC8D" box="[387,491,981,1007]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(styles 460–550 by 
<quantity id="4CE19B1EFFEDFFBDFD05FC01FCE5DC8D" box="[715,832,981,1007]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="18.0">18–22 µm</quantity>
; tornotes 320–390 by 
<quantity id="4CE19B1EFFEDFFBDFBF8FC01FB24DC8D" box="[1078,1153,981,1007]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 µm</quantity>
; onychaetes 
<quantity id="4CE19B1EFFEDFFBDFAC0FC00FA39DC8D" box="[1294,1436,980,1007]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" metricValueMax="6.7" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" unit="mm" value="610.0" valueMax="670.0" valueMin="550.0">550–670 µm</quantity>
and 
<quantity id="4CE19B1EFFEDFFBDFF06FC2DFEE8DB71" box="[200,333,1017,1043]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" unit="mm" value="95.0" valueMax="110.0" valueMin="80.0">80–110 µm</quantity>
). The form of the styles differs slightly in that the majority of those in the 
<typeStatus id="54A28859FFEDFFBDFB6CFC2DFAA1DB71" box="[1186,1284,1017,1043]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
are modified into strongyles, where strongyle modifications were hardly ever found in our specimens. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B0AFFEDFFBDFBB7FBC9FB5BDB5A" author="Rios, P." box="[1145,1278,1053,1080]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" refId="ref36627" refString="Rios, P. (2006) Esponjas del orden Poecilosclerida de las campanas espanolas de bentos Antartico. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 527 pp." type="book" year="2006">Rios (2006)</bibRefCitation>
also notes the presence of strongyle modifications in some of her specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3036570FFEDFFBDFF09FBB1FA89D865" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA636FBFFEDFFBDFF09FBB1FE6BDA35" blockId="36.[151,1437,152,1944]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">
<taxonomicName id="4C194D78FFEDFFBDFF09FBB1FE4DDB1D" authority="Burton 1929" authorityName="Burton" authorityYear="1929" box="[199,488,1125,1151]" genus="Paratedania" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFF09FBB1FEF6DB1D" box="[199,339,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Paratedania</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B0AFFEDFFBDFE95FBB1FE4DDB1D" author="Burton, M." box="[347,488,1125,1151]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" pagination="393 - 458" refId="ref34303" refString="Burton, M. (1929) British Antarctic (' Terra Nova') Expedition, 1910. Natural History Report. Porifera: Part II: Antarctic Sponges. Zoology, 6, 393 - 458." type="journal article" year="1929">Burton 1929</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was erected for this species because of its densely packed layer of tangential megascleres as opposed to the bouquet-type arrangement found in other 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D78FFEDFFBDFC46FB5DFC44DBC1" ID-CoL="43441871-cf39-4926-b7a5-e4a90116e0c9" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[904,993,1161,1187]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tedaniidae" genus="Tedania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFC46FB5DFC44DBC1" box="[904,993,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Tedania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B0AFFEDFFBDFBACFB5DFAA7DBC1" author="Burton, M." box="[1122,1282,1161,1187]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" pagination="237 - 392" refId="ref34378" refString="Burton, M. (1932) Sponges. Discovery Reports, 6, 237 - 392. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24379" type="journal article" year="1932">Burton (1932)</bibRefCitation>
withdrew the genus and synonomised the species with 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D78FFEDFFBDFDAFFB79FB02DBA5" ID-CoL="d3787cd1-39a2-4576-99bd-9c78a50b9199" authority="Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityYear="1886" box="[609,1191,1197,1223]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tedaniidae" genus="Tedania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="massa" subGenus="Tedaniopsis">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFDAFFB79FD1FDBA5" box="[609,698,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Tedania</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFD04FB79FCEADBA5" box="[714,847,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Tedaniopsis</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFC90FB7AFC01DBA5" box="[862,932,1198,1223]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">massa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B0AFFEDFFBDFC65FB79FB02DBA5" author="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A." box="[939,1191,1197,1223]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" pagination="325 - 351" refId="ref36528" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1886) Preliminary Report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. &quot; Challenger. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 18, 325 - 351. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938609459982" type="journal article" year="1886">Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as he noted that some 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D78FFEDFFBDFF59FB06FF5FDB89" ID-CoL="d3787cd1-39a2-4576-99bd-9c78a50b9199" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,250,1234,1259]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tedaniidae" genus="Tedania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="massa">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFF59FB06FF5FDB89" box="[151,250,1234,1259]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">T. massa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens had patches of chitinous ectosome which had a similar arrangement of spicules, even though in the rest of the specimen the arrangement was normal. Whilst he notes a variety of forms, some with cuticle and some without, in 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D78FFEDFFBDFE93FACEFE65DA51" ID-CoL="d3787cd1-39a2-4576-99bd-9c78a50b9199" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityYear="1886" box="[349,448,1306,1331]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tedaniidae" genus="Tedania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="massa">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFE93FACEFE65DA51" box="[349,448,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">T. massa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D78FFEDFFBDFE36FACEFDC1DA51" authorityName="Kirkpatrick" authorityYear="1907" box="[504,612,1305,1331]" class="Demospongiae" family="Phloeodictyidae" genus="Oceanapia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tantula">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFE36FACEFDC1DA51" box="[504,612,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">T. tantula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
he considered, given the similarities in spiculation and embryology, that they were not valid species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA636FBFFEDFFBDFF09FAB5FA89D865" blockId="36.[151,1437,152,1944]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B0AFFEDFFBDFF09FAB5FEC0DA1E" author="Koltun, V. M." box="[199,357,1377,1404]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" pagination="6 - 133" refId="ref35597" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1964) Sponges of the Antarctic I. Tetraxonida and Cornacuspongida. In: Pavilovskii, E. P., Andriyashev, A. P. &amp; Ushakov, P. V. (Eds.), Biological reports of the Soviet Antarctic expedition (1955 - 1958). Vol. 2. Akademya Nauk SSSR, Moscow, Leningrad, pp. 6 - 133." type="book chapter" year="1964">Koltun (1964)</bibRefCitation>
states that while 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D78FFEDFFBDFDECFAB6FD2EDA19" authorityName="Kirkpatrick" authorityYear="1907" box="[546,651,1377,1403]" class="Demospongiae" family="Phloeodictyidae" genus="Oceanapia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tantula">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFDECFAB6FD2EDA19" box="[546,651,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">T. tantula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D78FFEDFFBDFCD6FAB6FCDDDA19" ID-CoL="d3787cd1-39a2-4576-99bd-9c78a50b9199" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityYear="1886" box="[792,888,1378,1403]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tedaniidae" genus="Tedania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="massa">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFCD6FAB6FCDDDA19" box="[792,888,1378,1403]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">T. massa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in terms of skeletal arrangement its external form is more like that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D78FFEDFFBDFEA0FA52FCB4DAFD" authority="Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityYear="1886" box="[366,785,1413,1439]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tedaniidae" genus="Tedania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="actiniformis">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFEA0FA52FDB5DAFD" box="[366,528,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">T. actiniformis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B0AFFEDFFBDFDD8FA51FCB4DAFD" author="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A." box="[534,785,1413,1439]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" pagination="325 - 351" refId="ref36528" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1886) Preliminary Report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. &quot; Challenger. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 18, 325 - 351. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938609459982" type="journal article" year="1886">Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and recommended that, pending a revision of all Antarctic 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D78FFEDFFBDFF59FA7DFF55DAA1" ID-CoL="43441871-cf39-4926-b7a5-e4a90116e0c9" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,240,1449,1475]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tedaniidae" genus="Tedania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFF59FA7DFF55DAA1" box="[151,240,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Tedania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, they be maintained as separate species. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B0AFFEDFFBDFCDAFA7DFB53DAA6" author="Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M." box="[788,1270,1449,1476]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" pagination="3 - 79" refId="ref34849" refString="Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (1996) A review of Iophonidae, Myxillidae and Tedaniidae occurring in the South East Pacific (Porifera: Poecilosclerida). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 103, 3 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 79938" type="journal article" year="1996">Desqueyroux-Faúndez &amp; Van Soest (1996)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B0AFFEDFFBDFAE3FA7DFF55DA8A" author="Van Soest, R. W. M." pageId="36" pageNumber="497" pagination="625 - 632" refId="ref37178" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (2002 b) Family Tedaniidae Ridley and Dendy 1886. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; Van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. Guide to the classification of sponges. Vol. 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, pp. 625 - 632. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 66" type="book chapter" year="2002">Van Soest (2002b)</bibRefCitation>
followed 
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B0AFFEDFFBDFEADFA19FDA6DA85" author="Burton, M." box="[355,515,1485,1511]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" pagination="237 - 392" refId="ref34378" refString="Burton, M. (1932) Sponges. Discovery Reports, 6, 237 - 392. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24379" type="journal article" year="1932">Burton (1932)</bibRefCitation>
in considering 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D78FFEDFFBDFD7DFA1AFCBBDA85" authorityName="Kirkpatrick" authorityYear="1907" box="[691,798,1485,1511]" class="Demospongiae" family="Phloeodictyidae" genus="Oceanapia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tantula">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFD7DFA1AFCBBDA85" box="[691,798,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">T. tantula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D78FFEDFFBDFBFFFA1AFA3DDA85" ID-CoL="d3787cd1-39a2-4576-99bd-9c78a50b9199" authority="Ridley &amp; Dendy 1886" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityYear="1886" box="[1073,1432,1485,1511]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tedaniidae" genus="Tedania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="massa">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFBFFFA1AFB36DA85" box="[1073,1171,1486,1511]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">T. massa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B0AFFEDFFBDFB55FA19FA3DDA85" author="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A." box="[1179,1432,1485,1511]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" pagination="325 - 351" refId="ref36528" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1886) Preliminary Report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. &quot; Challenger. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 18, 325 - 351. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938609459982" type="journal article" year="1886">Ridley &amp; Dendy 1886</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B0AFFEDFFBDFF59FA25FEC7D969" author="Van Soest, R. W. M." box="[151,354,1521,1547]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" pagination="227 - 244" refId="ref37280" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (2002 c) Family Suberitidae. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; Van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. Guide to the classification of sponges. Vol. 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London and Moscow, pp. 227 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 25" type="book chapter" year="2002">Van Soest (2002c)</bibRefCitation>
re-examined the 
<typeStatus id="54A28859FFEDFFBDFDECFA25FDF7D969" box="[546,594,1521,1547]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">type</typeStatus>
specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D78FFEDFFBDFD2BFA26FCEBD969" authorityName="Kirkpatrick" authorityYear="1907" box="[741,846,1521,1547]" class="Demospongiae" family="Phloeodictyidae" genus="Oceanapia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tantula">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFD2BFA26FCEBD969" box="[741,846,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">T. tantula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and noted that the tangential arrangement of spicules at the surface was probably induced by the shells of molluscs to which they were attached. Whilst he noted some differences in the tornote ending between 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D78FFEDFFBDFDBBF9EEFD45D931" authorityName="Kirkpatrick" authorityYear="1907" box="[629,736,1593,1619]" class="Demospongiae" family="Phloeodictyidae" genus="Oceanapia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tantula">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFDBBF9EEFD45D931" box="[629,736,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">T. tantula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D78FFEDFFBDFCD7F9EEFCD9D931" ID-CoL="d3787cd1-39a2-4576-99bd-9c78a50b9199" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityYear="1886" box="[793,892,1594,1619]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tedaniidae" genus="Tedania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="massa">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFCD7F9EEFCD9D931" box="[793,892,1594,1619]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">T. massa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
he considered that, as this character is variable, conspecificity was still possible. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B0AFFEDFFBDFDC9F989FD2ED91A" author="Rios, P." box="[519,651,1629,1656]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" refId="ref36627" refString="Rios, P. (2006) Esponjas del orden Poecilosclerida de las campanas espanolas de bentos Antartico. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 527 pp." type="book" year="2006">Rios (2006)</bibRefCitation>
collected several specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D78FFEDFFBDFC22F98AFBF3D915" authorityName="Kirkpatrick" authorityYear="1907" box="[1004,1110,1629,1655]" class="Demospongiae" family="Phloeodictyidae" genus="Oceanapia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tantula">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFC22F98AFBF3D915" box="[1004,1110,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">T. tantula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Antarctic Peninsula and notes that the tangential arrangement of spicules is present in the ectosomal layer even when the specimens are not attached to mollusc shells, therefore she maintains it as a valid species. We support this here and the 
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFAE2F972FAD4D9DD" box="[1324,1393,1702,1727]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">in situ</emphasis>
appearance also differs significantly from 
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFD9CF91EFD19D981" box="[594,700,1738,1763]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">
<taxonomicName id="4C194D78FFEDFFBDFD9CF91EFD13D981" ID-CoL="d3787cd1-39a2-4576-99bd-9c78a50b9199" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityYear="1886" box="[594,694,1738,1763]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tedaniidae" genus="Tedania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="massa">T. massa</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
the 
<typeStatus id="54A28859FFEDFFBDFD25F91DFCBED981" box="[747,795,1737,1763]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">type</typeStatus>
specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D78FFEDFFBDFC61F91EFBB5D981" ID-CoL="d3787cd1-39a2-4576-99bd-9c78a50b9199" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityYear="1886" box="[943,1040,1738,1763]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tedaniidae" genus="Tedania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="massa">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFC61F91EFBB5D981" box="[943,1040,1738,1763]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">T. massa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is described as ‘massive, cake-like, attaining enormous dimensions’ whereas, as in our specimens the 
<typeStatus id="54A28859FFEDFFBDFCB7F939FC0CD865" box="[889,937,1773,1799]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">type</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D78FFEDFFBDFC01F93AFB9CD865" authorityName="Kirkpatrick" authorityYear="1907" box="[975,1081,1773,1799]" class="Demospongiae" family="Phloeodictyidae" genus="Oceanapia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tantula">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFC01F93AFB9CD865" box="[975,1081,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">T. tantula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a thin-walled tube.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3036570FFEDFFBDFF09F8C4FE0DD8FA" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA636FBFFEDFFBDFF09F8C4FE0DD8FA" blockId="36.[151,1437,152,1944]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFF09F8C4FEC4D849" bold="true" box="[199,353,1808,1835]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Distribution.</emphasis>
This species is very abundant in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic (
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B0AFFEDFFBDFB9EF8C5FB46D849" author="Koltun, V. M." box="[1104,1251,1809,1835]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" pagination="6 - 133" refId="ref35597" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1964) Sponges of the Antarctic I. Tetraxonida and Cornacuspongida. In: Pavilovskii, E. P., Andriyashev, A. P. &amp; Ushakov, P. V. (Eds.), Biological reports of the Soviet Antarctic expedition (1955 - 1958). Vol. 2. Akademya Nauk SSSR, Moscow, Leningrad, pp. 6 - 133." type="book chapter" year="1964">Koltun 1964</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B0AFFEDFFBDFB3EF8C5FA89D84E" author="Koltun, V. M." box="[1264,1324,1809,1836]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" pagination="163 - 198" refId="ref35674" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1976) Porifera-Part 1: Antarctic Sponges. Report B. A. N. Z. Antarctic Research Expedition 1929 - 1931, B (Zoology and Botany), 5, 163 - 198." type="journal article" year="1976">1976</bibRefCitation>
). Records include the 
<typeStatus id="54A28859FFEDFFBDFED7F8E1FEECD82D" box="[281,329,1845,1871]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">type</typeStatus>
location, Winter Quarters Ross Sea, (
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B0AFFEDFFBDFD25F8E1FC15D82D" author="Kirkpatrick, R." box="[747,944,1845,1871]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" pagination="271 - 291" refId="ref35517" refString="Kirkpatrick, R. (1907) Preliminary Report on the Monaxonellida of the National Antarctic Expedition. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 20 (117), 271 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930709487333" type="journal article" year="1907">Kirkpatrick 1907</bibRefCitation>
); McMurdo Sound (
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B0AFFEDFFBDFB5FF8E1FA86D82D" author="Burton, M." box="[1169,1315,1845,1871]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" pagination="393 - 458" refId="ref34303" refString="Burton, M. (1929) British Antarctic (' Terra Nova') Expedition, 1910. Natural History Report. Porifera: Part II: Antarctic Sponges. Zoology, 6, 393 - 458." type="journal article" year="1929">Burton 1929</bibRefCitation>
); Ross Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B0AFFEDFFBDFF51F88DFED6D811" author="Pansini, M. &amp; Calcinai, B. &amp; Cattaneo-Vietti, R. &amp; Sara, M." box="[159,371,1881,1907]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" pagination="67 - 100" refId="ref36291" refString="Pansini, M., Calcinai, B., Cattaneo-Vietti, R. &amp; Sara, M. (1994) Demosponges from Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica): 1987 / 1988 and 1989 / 90. Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide, Expeditions. National Scientific Commission for Antarctica Oceanographic Campaign 1987 / 88 and 1989 / 90, 3, 67 - 100." type="journal article" year="1994">
Pansini 
<emphasis id="B96DEAE9FFEDFFBDFF37F88EFE94D811" box="[249,305,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">et al.</emphasis>
1994
</bibRefCitation>
), Weddell Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B0AFFEDFFBDFDD0F88DFCA6D811" author="Gutt, J. &amp; Koltun, V. M." box="[542,771,1880,1907]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" pagination="227 - 234" refId="ref35072" refString="Gutt, J. &amp; Koltun, V. M. (1995) Sponges of the Lazarev and Weddell Sea, Antarctica: explanations for their patchy occurrence. Antarctic Science, 7, 227 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0954102095000320" type="journal article" year="1995">Gutt &amp; Koltun 1995</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B0AFFEDFFBDFCC0F88DFB85D811" author="Gocke, C. &amp; Janussen, D." box="[782,1056,1881,1907]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" pagination="28 - 101" refId="ref34970" refString="Gocke, C., Janussen, D. (2013) Demospongiae of ANT XXIV / 2 (SYSTCO I) Expedition-Antarctic Eastern Weddell Sea. Zootaxa, 3692 (1), 28 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3692.1.5" type="journal article" year="2013">Göcke &amp; Janussen 2013</bibRefCitation>
). Antarctic Peninsula and Bellinghausen Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B0AFFEDFFBDFEEDF8A9FE39D8FA" author="Rios, P." box="[291,412,1917,1944]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" refId="ref36627" refString="Rios, P. (2006) Esponjas del orden Poecilosclerida de las campanas espanolas de bentos Antartico. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 527 pp." type="book" year="2006">Rios 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>