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<document id="D1CB5753683162E2B96066C41198F311" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3710.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4a23a5c7-1973-4b69-8fab-a4c9c1d85941" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="221933" ID-ZooBank="FD7C6A48-0CA0-43F5-B937-59C3528F4769" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460676258976" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Caetano, Daniel S., Bená, Daniela De C. &amp; Vanin, Sergio A." docDate="2013" docId="038E87C0FFE9FFD2FF3FA1BDFBB5DECB" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03710p232.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3710 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Copelatus cessaima Caetano, Bená &amp; Vanin, 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="232" masterDocId="FFB7FFB8FFE8FFD4FFA8A477FF9EDC7C" masterDocTitle="Copelatus cessaima sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Copelatinae): first record of a troglomorphic diving beetle from Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="232" masterPageNumber="226" pageNumber="227" updateTime="1698349879538" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="2889130158DDC93CAE23D99F4F45385F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="765478F4C10193B64C6D17BBBA353819">
<mods:title id="5E039391B37E5DBD83F341858D3C71E4">Copelatus cessaima sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Copelatinae): first record of a troglomorphic diving beetle from Brazil</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="7B33003026444D6324D77B8C998B29AD" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F282967850786A619D38DEC9B9FDA143">
<mods:roleTerm id="27E5ECDECA9416A1AFE569B974175475">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="53E7E4471F4BF74A5F887A79493D61A8">Caetano, Daniel S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="3FD6E31ABD5AE5448D077C474FD0D509" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A82E6E3463908C9932FD9D01292F60D4">
<mods:roleTerm id="A3C75C9131B93A3BBB6D91914ED5296F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F592F8998230F7FAA82EAA5AFE13B031">Bená, Daniela De C.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="5DEE006B914C7ED8A99DBB0FBF1C941B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D7E29C8FC0E8B7E44A9BA39BA159D3F3">
<mods:roleTerm id="2DC212E2F7B47C568BF499F2CC4A7969">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="780C31B8352105A3248DAEEFF15D1940">Vanin, Sergio A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="E8842D75F3FE06A79F256AAD808E60AA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="BADDF1235F27B72E3966C6E93EACFC51" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="4374B0C2ACDC33823BA04063019A81AA">
<mods:title id="DBF0E2592EA271B17B6B324AE3EBA7A3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="DCBFA106C4B3B6BBDEFB313336AD07BE">
<mods:date id="E9D5E38F6D75E5E801FFA51AD546D524">2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="981CDE3D9A793CDA903E746D44AF7355" type="volume">
<mods:number id="D86E5DF7CDE50F3985512C3034799A67">3710</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="A425E8EAC46BDCF64433B3A68D63C30F" type="issue">
<mods:number id="1E7CF7391917AE916481441C366CE8DB">3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="BD5EA47EE198FAD926A20FB81EAE4D57" unit="page">
<mods:start id="135FD1123AE47A0CBB37BC73E764CB08">226</mods:start>
<mods:end id="83EFC86B1F3B3261ED829A9CBEF1737C">232</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="8210280F2801BA514BAD48819AC5A7CC">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="F917F0D10EED252B9B1C473003759759" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3710.3.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="26476274DB794EC94230DE5C136A14A2" type="GBIF-Dataset">4a23a5c7-1973-4b69-8fab-a4c9c1d85941</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="794D7FD7AAA8437E54288FDE1DEFFC76" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="08DFE045E87951831711455FB192FFE7" type="Zenodo-Dep">221933</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C81DC0A3A3A4E97D2ED955254E147DB5" type="ZooBank">FD7C6A48-0CA0-43F5-B937-59C3528F4769</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="038E87C0FFE9FFD2FF3FA1BDFBB5DECB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6152286" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119576684" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6152286" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E87C0FFE9FFD2FF3FA1BDFBB5DECB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87C0FFE9FFD2FF3FA1BDFBB5DECB" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="232" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">
<subSubSection id="C33D655DFFE9FFD5FF3FA1BDFE8FDA7A" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9836D6FFE9FFD5FF3FA1BDFE76D999" blockId="1.[151,488,1482,1542]" box="[151,488,1482,1509]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">
<heading id="D0D081BAFFE9FFD5FF3FA1BDFE76D999" bold="true" box="[151,488,1482,1509]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFE9FFD5FF3FA1BDFE76D999" bold="true" box="[151,488,1482,1509]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">
<taxonomicName id="4C274D55FFE9FFD5FF3FA1BDFE1AD998" ID-CoL="8LZB9" box="[151,388,1482,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cessaima" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFE9FFD5FF3FA1BDFE1AD998" bold="true" box="[151,388,1482,1508]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">Copelatus cessaima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26057BFFFE9FFD5FE23A1BCFE76D999" box="[395,488,1483,1509]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836D6FFE9FFD5FF3FA19AFE8FDA7A" blockId="1.[151,488,1482,1542]" box="[151,273,1517,1542]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">(Figs. 1–8)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D655DFFE9FFD5FF3FA242FB38DBCA" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9836D6FFE9FFD5FF3FA242FB67DA32" blockId="1.[151,1436,1589,2010]" box="[151,1273,1589,1614]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFE9FFD5FF3FA242FEA7DA32" bold="true" box="[151,313,1589,1614]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">
<typeStatus id="549C8874FFE9FFD5FF3FA242FF4CDA32" box="[151,210,1589,1614]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3307646FFE9FFD5FEE8A242FE18DA32" box="[320,390,1589,1614]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">Brasil</collectingCountry>
, Parauapebas, Pará, Floresta Nacional de Carajás,
<geoCoordinate id="EE135011FFE9FFD5FC13A242FBDFDA32" box="[955,1089,1589,1614]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" precision="1" value="-6.0727196">6°4'21.79&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE135011FFE9FFD5FBE0A242FB6BDA32" box="[1096,1269,1589,1614]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" precision="1" value="-50.19164">50°11'29.90&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836D6FFE9FFD5FF6FA22EFBC7DAC6" blockId="1.[151,1436,1589,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFE9FFD5FF6FA22EFEA3DA0E" bold="true" box="[199,317,1625,1650]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">
<typeStatus id="549C8874FFE9FFD5FF6FA22EFEA6DA0E" box="[199,312,1625,1650]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
♂, “
<collectingCountry id="F3307646FFE9FFD5FEDFA22EFE20DA0E" box="[375,446,1625,1650]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">Brasil</collectingCountry>
, Parauapebas, Pará, Floresta Nacional de Carajás, Gruta N4WS13 Flona,
<geoCoordinate id="EE135011FFE9FFD5FABEA22EFA05DA0E" box="[1302,1435,1625,1650]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" precision="1" value="-6.0727196">6°4'21.79&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE135011FFE9FFD5FF3FA20AFEDDDAEA" box="[151,323,1661,1686]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" precision="1" value="-50.19164">50°11'29.90&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF991016FFE9FFD5FEFBA20AFE2CDAEA" box="[339,434,1661,1686]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" value="2006-11">XI/2006</date>
, Andrade
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFE9FFD5FD86A209FDFDDAE9" box="[558,611,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">et al</emphasis>
. col.”
<typeStatus id="549C8874FFE9FFD5FD1FA20AFC81DAEA" box="[695,799,1661,1686]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
label red, with black line border, printed: “
<typeStatus id="549C8874FFE9FFD5FA8DA20AFA02DAEA" box="[1317,1436,1661,1686]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" type="holotype">Holotypus</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4C274D55FFE9FFD5FF3FA2D6FEE8DAC5" box="[151,374,1697,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cessaima" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFE9FFD5FF3FA2D6FEE8DAC5" box="[151,374,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">Copelatus cessaima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26057BFFFE9FFD5FED5A2D6FE48DAC6" box="[381,470,1697,1722]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFE9FFD5FED5A2D6FE48DAC6" bold="true" box="[381,470,1697,1722]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Caetano, Bená &amp; Vanin det. 2013”. Deposited in MSZP.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836D6FFE9FFD5FF6FA2B2FB38DBCA" blockId="1.[151,1436,1589,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFE9FFD5FF6FA2B2FED6DAA2" bold="true" box="[199,328,1733,1758]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">
<typeStatus id="549C8874FFE9FFD5FF6FA2B2FEDDDAA2" box="[199,323,1733,1758]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Same data as
<typeStatus id="549C8874FFE9FFD5FE4EA2B2FDD3DAA2" box="[486,589,1733,1758]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="9D21FD5FFFE9FFD5FDFFA2B1FD1FDAA1" box="[599,641,1734,1758]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" type="generic">2 ♂</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCount id="9D21FD5FFFE9FFD5FD3BA2B1FD24DAA1" box="[659,698,1734,1758]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
dissected), 2 ♀ (1 ♀ dissected) (MZSP); same data as
<typeStatus id="549C8874FFE9FFD5FAB5A2B2FA1DDAA2" box="[1309,1411,1733,1758]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="9D21FD5FFFE9FFD5FA26A2B1FF30DB7D" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" type="generic">2 ♂</specimenCount>
, 1 ♀ (MNRJ); same data, but
<date id="FF991016FFE9FFD5FDAEA29DFD55DB7E" box="[518,715,1770,1794]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" value="2010-04-20" valueMax="2010-05-04" valueMin="2010-04-20">20.IV–04.V.2010</date>
:
<specimenCount id="9D21FD5FFFE9FFD5FD7FA29DFC9DDB7D" box="[727,771,1770,1794]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, 3 ♀ (MZSP); same data, but
<date id="FF991016FFE9FFD5FBF2A29DFB64DB7E" box="[1114,1274,1770,1794]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" value="2011-05-10" valueMax="2011-05-19" valueMin="2011-05-10">10–19.V.2011</date>
: 1 ♀ (MZSP); same data, but Gruta N4E-22 Flona,
<geoCoordinate id="EE135011FFE9FFD5FD96A37AFD28DB5A" box="[574,694,1805,1830]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" precision="1" value="-6.0339165">6°2'2.10&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE135011FFE9FFD5FD17A37AFCC0DB5A" box="[703,862,1805,1830]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" precision="1" value="-50.167706">50°10'3.74&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF991016FFE9FFD5FCC3A37AFC52DB5A" box="[875,972,1805,1830]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" value="2006-11">XI.2006</date>
:
<specimenCount id="9D21FD5FFFE9FFD5FC70A379FB9ADB59" box="[984,1028,1806,1830]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
dissected, 1 ♀ (MZSP); same data, but
<date id="FF991016FFE9FFD5FF6DA345FEC2DB36" box="[197,348,1842,1866]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" value="2008-10-07" valueMax="2008-10-12" valueMin="2008-10-07">7–12.X.2008</date>
:
<specimenCount id="9D21FD5FFFE9FFD5FEC3A345FE04DB35" box="[363,410,1842,1866]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, 2 ♀ (MZSP); same data, but
<date id="FF991016FFE9FFD5FCAEA345FC55DB36" box="[774,971,1842,1866]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" value="2008-04-20" valueMax="2008-05-04" valueMin="2008-04-20">20.IV–04.V.2008</date>
:
<specimenCount id="9D21FD5FFFE9FFD5FC72A345FB96DB35" box="[986,1032,1842,1866]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
dissected (MZSP); same data, but
<date id="FF991016FFE9FFD5FF3FA321FEC2DB12" box="[151,348,1878,1902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" value="2010-04-20" valueMax="2010-05-04" valueMin="2010-04-20">20.IV–04.V.2010</date>
: 3 ♀ (MZSP); same data, but Gruta N4E10 Flona,
<geoCoordinate id="EE135011FFE9FFD5FC16A322FBDADB12" box="[958,1092,1877,1902]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" precision="1" value="-6.0389333">6°2'20.16&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE135011FFE9FFD5FBF8A322FB71DB12" box="[1104,1263,1877,1902]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" precision="1" value="-50.160633">50°9'38.28&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF991016FFE9FFD5FB56A322FAC1DB12" box="[1278,1375,1877,1902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" value="2006-11">XI.2006</date>
:
<specimenCount id="9D21FD5FFFE9FFD5FAC6A321FA02DB11" box="[1390,1436,1878,1902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
dissected, 1 ♀ (MZSP); same data, but
<date id="FF991016FFE9FFD5FDCBA30DFCB6DBEE" box="[611,808,1914,1938]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" value="2010-04-20" valueMax="2010-05-04" valueMin="2010-04-20">20.IV–04.V.2010</date>
: 3 ♀ (MZSP). All
<typeStatus id="549C8874FFE9FFD5FBAEA30DFBF8DBEE" box="[1030,1126,1914,1938]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
labels red, with black line border, printed: “
<typeStatus id="549C8874FFE9FFD5FEFDA3E9FE58DBCA" box="[341,454,1950,1974]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" type="paratype">Paratypus</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4C274D55FFE9FFD5FE64A3EAFD32DBC9" box="[460,684,1949,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cessaima" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFE9FFD5FE64A3EAFD32DBC9" box="[460,684,1949,1973]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">Copelatus cessaima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26057BFFFE9FFD5FD1BA3EAFC92DBCA" box="[691,780,1949,1974]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFE9FFD5FD1BA3EAFC92DBCA" bold="true" box="[691,780,1949,1974]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Caetano, Bená &amp; Vanin det. 2013”.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D655DFFE9FFD0FF6FA3B6FDA7DFFC" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="230" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9836D6FFE9FFD6FF6FA3B6FDD2DC8B" blockId="1.[151,1436,1589,2010]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,536]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="228" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFE9FFD5FF6FA3B6FEE3DBA6" bold="true" box="[199,381,1985,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">Measurements.</emphasis>
Values are the min–max measurements from all
<typeStatus id="549C8874FFE9FFD5FC36A3B5FC50DBA6" box="[926,974,1986,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">type</typeStatus>
specimens followed by the measurement from the
<typeStatus id="549C8874FFEAFFD6FEABA4E0FEFBDCCC" box="[259,357,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="228" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
specimen between parenthesis: total length 2.95–4.9 (3.9) mm; maximum width of the elytra 1.05–1.25 (1.25) mm; elytral length 2.05–2.4 (2.2) mm; maximum width of the pronotum 1.05–1.45 (1.2) mm; pronotum length 0.55–0.65 (0.59) mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836D6FFEAFFD6FF6FA573FE23DD3C" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEAFFD6FF6FA573FEB3DD61" bold="true" box="[199,301,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">Habitus.</emphasis>
Head large, maximum width only slightly smaller than that of pronotum. Body flat, outline subparallel in dorsal view.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836D6FFEAFFD6FF6FA53BFE14DDF4" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEAFFD6FF6FA53BFE8EDD19" bold="true" box="[199,272,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">Color.</emphasis>
Dorsal and ventral surface of integument usually light brown. Variation in color ranges from light brown to dark brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836D6FFEAFFD6FF6FA5E3FBDBDE64" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEAFFD6FF6FA5E3FE3ADDD1" bold="true" box="[199,420,404,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">Surface sculpture.</emphasis>
Dorsal surface without striae or strioles. Head with small punctures evenly distributed. Pronotum with a transversal punctate line of irregular dark maculae close to anterior margin; shape and number of maculae varying among specimens. Anterior quarter of elytron with dark punctate line parallel to internal margin of elytron, curved outwards near scutellum and ending at anterior margin of elytron.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836D6FFEAFFD6FF3FA30DFF79DBB2" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">
<table id="F927C476FFEA002BFF3FA30DFA02DBB2" box="[151,1436,1914,1998]" gridcols="3" gridrows="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">
<tr id="35173494FFEA002BFF3FA30DFA02DBED" box="[151,1436,1914,1937]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">
<th id="76C65DE8FFEA002BFF3FA30DFEA3DBED" box="[151,317,1914,1937]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEAFFD6FF3FA30DFEA3DBF3" bold="true" box="[151,317,1914,1937]" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">FIGURES 1–2.</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C65DE8FFEA002BFEEDA30DFC04DBED" box="[325,922,1914,1937]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">
<taxonomicName id="4C274D55FFEAFFD6FEEDA30DFD8CDBEC" box="[325,530,1914,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cessaima" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEAFFD6FEEDA30DFD8CDBEC" box="[325,530,1914,1936]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">Copelatus cessaima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26057BFFFEAFFD6FD89A30CFDEADBEC" box="[545,628,1915,1936]" pageId="2" pageNumber="228" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEAFFD6FD89A30CFDEADBEC" bold="true" box="[545,628,1915,1936]" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
: (1) habitus in dorsal view;
</th>
<th id="76C65DE8FFEA002BFC09A30DFA02DBED" box="[929,1436,1914,1937]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">(2) in ventral view, pro- and mesolegs including</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35173494FFEA002BFF3FA3EEFA02DBD3" box="[151,1436,1945,1967]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">
<th id="76C65DE8FFEA002BFF3FA3EEFEA3DBD3" box="[151,317,1945,1967]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">coxae removed.</th>
<td id="76C65DE8FFEA002BFEEDA3EEFC04DBD3" box="[325,922,1945,1967]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">Pro- and mesocoxae cavities shaded in grey. Metacoxae</td>
<td id="76C65DE8FFEA002BFC09A3EEFA02DBD3" box="[929,1436,1945,1967]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">and only the left metatrochanter and metafemur</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35173494FFEA002BFF3FA3CEFA02DBB2" box="[151,1436,1977,1998]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="228" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76C65DE8FFEA002BFF3FA3CEFEA3DBB2" box="[151,317,1977,1998]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">present.</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF58665EFFEBFFD7FF3FA058FB35D839" box="[151,1195,1071,1094]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221934/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="229" targetBox="[150,1435,193,1049]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B9836D6FFEBFFD7FF3FA058FB35D839" blockId="3.[151,1195,1071,1094]" box="[151,1195,1071,1094]" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEBFFD7FF3FA058FEA4D838" bold="true" box="[151,314,1071,1094]" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">FIGURES 3–4.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEBFFD7FEE8A058FD8ED83A" box="[320,528,1071,1094]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">
<taxonomicName id="4C274D55FFEBFFD7FEE8A058FD92D83A" box="[320,524,1071,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cessaima" status="sp. nov.">Copelatus cessaima</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26057BFFFEBFFD7FDBFA047FDF9D839" box="[535,615,1072,1093]" pageId="3" pageNumber="229" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEBFFD7FDBFA047FDF9D839" bold="true" box="[535,615,1072,1093]" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
photos of habitus: (3) in dorsal view; (4) in ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF58665EFFEBFFD7FF3FA2A1FE8DDB77" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221935/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="229" targetBox="[209,1380,1156,1711]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B9836D6FFEBFFD7FF3FA2A1FE8DDB77" blockId="3.[151,1436,1750,1803]" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEBFFD7FF3FA2A1FEA4DA90" bold="true" box="[151,314,1750,1773]" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">FIGURES 5–7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C274D55FFEBFFD7FEE8A2A1FD94DA91" box="[320,522,1750,1773]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cessaima" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEBFFD7FEE8A2A1FD94DA91" box="[320,522,1750,1773]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">Copelatus cessaima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26057BFFFEBFFD7FDBEA2A0FDF9DA90" box="[534,615,1751,1772]" pageId="3" pageNumber="229" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEBFFD7FDBEA2A0FDF9DA90" bold="true" box="[534,615,1751,1772]" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
: (5) median lobe of aedeagus in ventral view; (6) in lateral view; (7) paramere in lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9836D6FFEBFFD0FF6FA345FAE0DE64" blockId="3.[151,1436,1842,2012]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,896]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="230" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEBFFD7FF6FA345FE2FDB37" bold="true" box="[199,433,1842,1867]" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">Structural features.</emphasis>
Eyes absent. Pronotum lacking lateral bead. Pronotum and elytra with long lateral setae. Pronotal setae restricted to anterolateral margin. Elytral setae regularly distributed alongside external margin in groups of two close setae (pairs); distance between pairs of setae twice as large as distance between setae within a pair (Fig. 1). Elytra completely fused. Metathoracic wings absent. Mentum and gula completely fused. Prosternal process lance-shaped, not protruded, not reaching metaventrite. Mesocoxae contiguous (Fig. 2). Anteromedial process of metaventrite short, apex rounded. Metacoxal lines strongly divergent anteriorly. Internal margin of anterior femur with row of setae, length of setae equal to half femur maximum width. External margin of anterior tibia with row of small spines, apical portion of internal margin with row of setae pointing forward, tip with three internal and three external spines. Internal margin of middle femur glabrous. External margin of mesotibia with row of spines, apical portion of internal margin with two spines, tip with two internal and two external spines. Segments I–III of pro- and mesotarsi ventrally with two pads formed by dense aggregation of setae in males (absent in females). Internal margin of hind femur glabrous.
<collectingCountry id="F3307646FFECFFD0FCC0A518FC3EDDF4" box="[872,928,367,392]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="230">Hind</collectingCountry>
tibia dorsoventrally flattened, tip with two internal and two external spines, internal dorsal-most spine longer than others (half-length of metatarsus I). Segments I–III of metatarsi with a fringe of long setae. Tarsal claws of all legs simple, slightly curved, with equal length. Notes: The large setae found on the lateral margins of the pronotum, elytra, and metatarsi (Fig. 1) were not found in some specimens, likely because these are very fragile structures that are easily broken during handling.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836D6FFECFFD0FF6FA653FBFBDEDB" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFECFFD0FF6FA653FEE4DE41" bold="true" box="[199,378,548,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="230">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
Median lobe of aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="131C2A53FFECFFD0FD1BA653FC81DE41" box="[691,799,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1750,1773]" captionTargetBox="[209,1380,1156,1711]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,1143,1729]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 7. Copelatus cessaima, sp. nov.: (5) median lobe of aedeagus in ventral view; (6) in lateral view; (7) paramere in lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221935/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="230">Figs. 5–6</figureCitation>
) strongly curved, hook-shaped, becoming more slender towards anterior tip; basal portion of internal margin irregularly crenulated in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="131C2A53FFECFFD0FB39A630FB4BDE1C" box="[1169,1237,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1750,1773]" captionTargetBox="[209,1380,1156,1711]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,1143,1729]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 7. Copelatus cessaima, sp. nov.: (5) median lobe of aedeagus in ventral view; (6) in lateral view; (7) paramere in lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221935/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="230">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Parameres (
<figureCitation id="131C2A53FFECFFD0FAC6A630FF38DEF8" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1750,1773]" captionTargetBox="[209,1380,1156,1711]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,1143,1729]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 7. Copelatus cessaima, sp. nov.: (5) median lobe of aedeagus in ventral view; (6) in lateral view; (7) paramere in lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221935/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="230">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) symmetrical, broad at base, internal margin without setae; stylus straight, tip with row of four short setae on upper margin and a single short seta on lower margin, two sub-equal large apical setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836D6FFECFFD0FF6FA6C3FDA7DFFC" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFECFFD0FF6FA6C3FE0CDEB1" bold="true" box="[199,402,692,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="230">Female genitalia.</emphasis>
Gonocoxa (gc) (
<figureCitation id="131C2A53FFECFFD0FDE6A6C3FD0FDEB0" box="[590,657,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1898,1920]" captionTargetBox="[517,1064,956,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[510,1076,949,1877]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 8. Copelatus cessaima, sp. nov.: female genitalia in ventral view, terminology and abbreviations following Miller (2001): alc—anterior lobe of gonocoxosternite (only left gonocoxosternite represented), bc—bursa copulatrix, co—common oviduct, fc—fertilization duct, gc—gonocoxa, gs—gonocoxosternite, lt—laterotergite, ra—ramus, sd—spermathecal duct, sp—spermatheca, va—vagina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221936/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="230">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
) slender, lateral margins sinuous, broader near basal two thirds, distal third setose, apex with one long seta; laterotergite (lt) elongate, very slender; gonocoxosternite (gs) broadly oval, slightly narrowed towards apex, inner margin slightly concave, region near anterior outer margin with microtrichiae; anterior lobe of gonocoxosternite (al) nearly rounded with apex slightly protruded; bursa copulatrix (bc) present; spermatheca (sp) slender, loosely coiled, tapered to spermathecal duct (sd); fertilization duct (fd) broken, not observed (but see
<figureCitation id="131C2A53FFECFFD0FE40A710FDB5DFFC" box="[488,555,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1898,1920]" captionTargetBox="[517,1064,956,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[510,1076,949,1877]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 8. Copelatus cessaima, sp. nov.: female genitalia in ventral view, terminology and abbreviations following Miller (2001): alc—anterior lobe of gonocoxosternite (only left gonocoxosternite represented), bc—bursa copulatrix, co—common oviduct, fc—fertilization duct, gc—gonocoxa, gs—gonocoxosternite, lt—laterotergite, ra—ramus, sd—spermathecal duct, sp—spermatheca, va—vagina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221936/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="230">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF58665EFFECFFD0FF3FA31DFE50DBA0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221936/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="230" targetBox="[517,1064,956,1873]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8B9836D6FFECFFD0FF3FA31DFE50DBA0" blockId="4.[151,1436,1898,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFECFFD0FF3FA31DFE8BDB03" bold="true" box="[151,277,1898,1920]" pageId="4" pageNumber="230">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C274D55FFECFFD0FEB5A31DFE77DBFC" box="[285,489,1898,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cessaima" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFECFFD0FEB5A31DFE77DBFC" box="[285,489,1898,1920]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="230">Copelatus cessaima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26057BFFFECFFD0FE50A31CFDD4DBFC" box="[504,586,1899,1920]" pageId="4" pageNumber="230" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFECFFD0FE50A31CFDD4DBFC" bold="true" box="[504,586,1899,1920]" pageId="4" pageNumber="230">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
: female genitalia in ventral view, terminology and abbreviations following Miller (2001): alc—anterior lobe of gonocoxosternite (only left gonocoxosternite represented), bc—bursa copulatrix, co—common oviduct, fc—fertilization duct, gc—gonocoxa, gs—gonocoxosternite, lt—laterotergite, ra—ramus, sd—spermathecal duct, sp—spermatheca, va—vagina.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33D655DFFEDFFD1FF6FA4E0FE88DD3C" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9836D6FFEDFFD1FF6FA4E0FE88DD3C" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEDFFD1FF6FA4E0FE3CDCCC" bold="true" box="[199,418,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">
<typeStatus id="549C8874FFEDFFD1FF6FA4E0FEAADCCC" box="[199,308,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
features.
</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="549C8874FFEDFFD1FE73A4E0FDA3DCCC" box="[475,573,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
does not differ from the
<typeStatus id="549C8874FFEDFFD1FCFCA4EFFC21DCCC" box="[852,959,152,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in any of the described features.
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEDFFD1FF6FA4CBFED0DCA9" bold="true" box="[199,334,188,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet “
<taxonomicName id="4C274D55FFEDFFD1FDFBA4CBFD22DCA9" box="[595,700,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cessaima">cessaima</taxonomicName>
” is a non-latinized adjective, derived from the Tupi (Brazilian indigenous language) word &quot;ceçaima&quot;, which means “blind” and refers to the eyeless condition of the species.
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEDFFD1FF6FA573FEB4DD61" bold="true" box="[199,298,260,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Habitat.</emphasis>
Specimens were found inside caves in water puddles naturally carved on iron rocks (ironstone formation).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D655DFFEDFFD1FF6FA53BFBF9D9E1" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9836D6FFEDFFD1FF6FA53BFCA4DDF4" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEDFFD1FF6FA53BFEFEDD19" bold="true" box="[199,352,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Distribution.</emphasis>
Only known from three caves of an ironstone formation at the Carajás National Forest, in the Brazilian municipality of Parauapebas, State of Pará,
<collectingCountry id="F3307646FFEDFFD1FD46A518FCA8DDF4" box="[750,822,367,392]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836D6FFEDFFD1FF3FA5ABFCFBDD89" blockId="5.[151,869,476,501]" box="[151,869,476,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEDFFD1FF3FA5ABFCFBDD89" bold="true" box="[151,869,476,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Troglomorphism and infrageneric systematic considerations</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836D6FFEDFFD1FF3FA653FCA9DEB1" blockId="5.[151,1437,548,1149]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">
This troglomorphic species is readily differentiated from the other non-troglomorphic
<taxonomicName id="4C274D55FFEDFFD1FBDCA653FB78DE40" box="[1140,1254,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEDFFD1FBDCA653FB78DE40" box="[1140,1254,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Copelatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, for the eyes are absent, the mentum and the gula are fused, and the head is large.
<taxonomicName id="4C274D55FFEDFFD1FBA8A63FFB5DDE1C" box="[1024,1219,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Exocelina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abdita">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEDFFD1FBA8A63FFB5DDE1C" box="[1024,1219,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Exocelina abdita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the single other troglomorphic
<taxonomicName id="4C274D55FFEDFFD1FEE8A61BFE54DEF9" box="[320,458,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Copelatinae">Copelatinae</taxonomicName>
. Both species are similar in shape (Balke
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEDFFD1FC05A61AFC7EDEF8" box="[941,992,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">et al</emphasis>
. 2004a, figs 2–3), but
<taxonomicName id="4C274D55FFEDFFD1FB40A61BFAECDEF8" box="[1256,1394,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cessaima" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEDFFD1FB40A61BFAECDEF8" box="[1256,1394,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">C. cessaima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26057BFFFEDFFD1FAD2A61BFF56DED4" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEDFFD1FAD2A61BFF56DED4" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
does not have the pronotal and elytral bases strongly narrowed, the lateral setae of the elytra are regularly distributed, and the metacoxal lines are divergent anteriorly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836D6FFEDFFD1FF6FA6A0FE7AD800" blockId="5.[151,1437,548,1149]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">
Species restricted to caves and underground habitats commonly have reduced pigmentation and eyes reduced or completely absent. On the other hand, sensorial appendages are often highly developed, such as longer antennae and body setae, and longer and more slender legs (Romero 2004). Troglomorphic modifications in distantly related taxa can result in convergent and similar body shapes. These modifications, as pointed out by Balke
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEDFFD1FB56A732FAAEDF20" box="[1278,1328,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">et al</emphasis>
. (2004a), can make it difficult to determine the correct taxonomic placement of a species. As a result, several monotypic genera defined due to their unique troglomorphic modifications have been synonymized with well-known genera.
<taxonomicName id="4C274D55FFEDFFD1FF3FA7C7FEE8DFBB" box="[151,374,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cessaima" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEDFFD1FF3FA7C7FEE8DFBB" box="[151,374,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Copelatus cessaima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26057BFFFEDFFD1FED5A7D8FE48DFB4" box="[381,470,943,968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEDFFD1FED5A7D8FE48DFB4" bold="true" box="[381,470,943,968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is a species that lacks eyes, elytral striae, and metathoracic wings, and has completely fused elytra and long body setae (Figs. 1–4). These characters may lead to misplacement of
<taxonomicName id="4C274D55FFEDFFD1FB30A7A3FABEDF90" box="[1176,1312,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cessaima" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEDFFD1FB30A7A3FABEDF90" box="[1176,1312,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">C. cessaima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26057BFFFEDFFD1FA8EA7A3FAE1DF91" box="[1318,1407,980,1005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEDFFD1FA8EA7A3FAE1DF91" bold="true" box="[1318,1407,980,1005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
in one of the 15
<taxonomicName id="4C274D55FFEDFFD1FE98A78FFE3CD86C" box="[304,418,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEDFFD1FE98A78FFE3CD86C" box="[304,418,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Copelatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species groups. In addition, these groups may be arbitrary subdivisions of the genus, given that they are not monophyletic (Miller 2001; Balke
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEDFFD1FD7EA06AFC98D848" box="[726,774,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">et al</emphasis>
. 2004b). Therefore, here we did not assign
<taxonomicName id="4C274D55FFEDFFD1FB45A06BFAEAD848" box="[1261,1396,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cessaima" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEDFFD1FB45A06BFAEAD848" box="[1261,1396,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">C. cessaima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26057BFFFEDFFD1FAD2A06BFF56D824" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEDFFD1FAD2A06BFF56D824" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
to one of the
<taxonomicName id="4C274D55FFEDFFD1FE2BA037FE6BD824" box="[387,501,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEDFFD1FE2BA037FE6BD824" box="[387,501,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Copelatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species groups, and assign the new species among those specified as “group unknown” by Nilsson (2013).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836D6FFEDFFD1FF3FA0B8FEE1D894" blockId="5.[151,383,1231,1256]" box="[151,383,1231,1256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEDFFD1FF3FA0B8FEE1D894" bold="true" box="[151,383,1231,1256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Acknowledgements</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836D6FFEDFFD1FF3FA16FFBF9D9E1" blockId="5.[151,1436,1303,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">We thank R. Andrade for making the specimens available for study, R. Kawada for taking the specimen images and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. The equipment used to take the specimen photos was kindly provided by the Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo. D.S. Caetano is supported by fellowship from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES—1093/12-6).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D655DFFEDFFD2FF3FA198FBB5DECB" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="232" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" type="reference_group">
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<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEDFFD1FBB1A3FEFA8BDBE3" box="[1049,1301,1929,1951]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Copelatus wayanadensis</emphasis>
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The unusual occurrence of aquatic beetles in amber,
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEEFFD2FC5EA546FB4FDD3B" box="[1014,1233,305,327]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="232">Copelatus aphroditae</emphasis>
Balke, n. sp. and
<emphasis id="B953EAC4FFEEFFD2FA2CA545FED4DD1A" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="232">C. predaveterus</emphasis>
Miller, n. sp., (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Copelatinae)
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</document>
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