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<document id="34F799E2B07C88F03DA7CE2799591229" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.207558" ID-GBIF-Dataset="820924d0-c86c-4169-b04d-13d3147a3ca7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="207558" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460289018739" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mcmahan, Caleb D., Murray, Christopher M., Geheber, Aaron D., Boeckman, Christopher D. &amp; Piller, Kyle R." docDate="2011" docId="03F2A12EFFABD36C01DFFD2EFE0BEE61" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02833p014.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2833" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Paraneetroplus melanurus Gunther 1862" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FFCBD956FFA2D3600148FFA0FFF8EC76" masterDocTitle="Paraneetroplus synspilus is a Junior Synonym of Paraneetroplus melanurus (Teleostei: Cichlidae)" masterLastPageNumber="14" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1698250946666" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="F4E9430C17F8B30E09F6A90E5C81F07D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="B330B007DABFD3912E36C6B3246C0D00">
<mods:title id="EAD3D445085207BAC31CA0595C28F91B">Paraneetroplus synspilus is a Junior Synonym of Paraneetroplus melanurus (Teleostei: Cichlidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="4C9EA78DD7A1158F2E0995944EFE9ADB" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4BA9D2A9B73B9DCF1E43AD5B0F2EB152">
<mods:roleTerm id="4246F0C50E60E717FE49E6FCB58EDE92">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C5D264AE79547B58A76394C3516D6E37">Mcmahan, Caleb D.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="24000C1BDF017CC32BD5CACEA4AE6928" type="personal">
<mods:role id="EFBA84DA11C82028384B1287E7C6995C">
<mods:roleTerm id="4EC921140CDF9E2B1591D265421DAF7F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BC2FC7E44C11D54432DE1A12D24F4B45">Murray, Christopher M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="EEE0181F2A265154B6F5F84F13DB5A4C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7C0F8980B11A12C60CF29E18C7F45BAB">
<mods:roleTerm id="E2A7FD715A8B4EEABF9B3DDE5DD2A2DC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="02BD30BF70BE31CCDF312471B3BFEDC6">Geheber, Aaron D.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="1822FA69C00B6FF77326633007816E81" type="personal">
<mods:role id="756A58028882AA183FC855BEE7C577AC">
<mods:roleTerm id="73401D073FF7BB2E7E41769DE276FC71">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FEB3AA230BA3CF8EF878E8B0961CF15A">Boeckman, Christopher D.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="66C6C0B6F15EDF34571B98276774D009" type="personal">
<mods:role id="9E2B7DC2E0FF38FD6F5DE16BADD387C9">
<mods:roleTerm id="0EBD19F22E66E2C3D19F8180EB31B3A1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5F64C5C294A2862C487593F91DD8A688">Piller, Kyle R.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="CCE42F44661B8514249E019731A82035">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="31A0781A7914DF93D6703DA03E866C58" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="3232840DBC76293415F1B7BC55B6C4AF">
<mods:title id="DF52179922131B8A358FB384016650C0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="F73C72F4FD57C72485A09C54538AC497">
<mods:date id="F3E279E3E48EAD957338A61D7A7DD10A">2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="9BB60256EC9E77CE92AE9A2709216C53" type="volume">
<mods:number id="EBB1634C97553CFA8AF4EC7F5F32D8DA">2833</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="A62F81EBC8B9684179961F25C9505091" unit="page">
<mods:start id="E9C40D94AC1CA1592BA680B5EB1B86C7">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="BD4966F52A6EAA1047F6C3020D5E6624">14</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="92AB0CBDEDA67359A59BBFF686C8AD84">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="04829F6725B9A750B5C7F532032DCAB1" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.207558</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="636A1C0F2385D7E6D3113893BCA206EC" type="GBIF-Dataset">820924d0-c86c-4169-b04d-13d3147a3ca7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C56FA740C39AEF6881AB5E17DC9F5C6E" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BC9EE8D2289831416F9933D245DB4CD2" type="Zenodo-Dep">207558</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03F2A12EFFABD36C01DFFD2EFE0BEE61" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5690666" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119398093" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5690666" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F2A12EFFABD36C01DFFD2EFE0BEE61" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F2A12EFFABD36C01DFFD2EFE0BEE61" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<subSubSection id="C34143B3FFABD36901DFFD2EFC79EEDE" box="[151,897,654,680]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE41038FFABD36901DFFD2EFC79EEDE" blockId="9.[151,897,654,680]" box="[151,897,654,680]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="D0ACA754FFABD36901DFFD2EFC79EEDE" bold="true" box="[151,897,654,680]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD36901DFFD2EFC79EEDE" bold="true" box="[151,897,654,680]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Re-description of
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD369003EFD2EFC79EEDE" ID-CoL="4D5TH" authority="Gunther 1862" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1862" box="[374,897,654,680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanurus">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD369003EFD2EFD41EEDE" bold="true" box="[374,697,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Paraneetroplus melanurus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA6DC9FFABD3690380FD2EFC81EEDE" author="Gunther" box="[712,889,654,680]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Gunther, A. (1862) Catalog of the Fishes in the British Museum. Vol. 4. London, 288 pp." type="book" year="1862">Günther 1862</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34143B3FFABD36901DFFD75FD50EF2F" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE41038FFABD36901DFFD75FB3BEF67" blockId="9.[151,1437,725,2009]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD36901DFFD75FEECEE9B" bold="true" box="[151,276,725,749]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<typeStatus id="54E0AE9AFFABD36901DFFD75FEF7EE9B" box="[151,271,725,749]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
BMNH 1864.1.26.82 (
<figureCitation id="13600CBDFFABD369035EFD75FDA2EE9B" box="[534,602,725,749]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,920,943]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,440,885]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[169,1418,421,909]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Lectotype of Paraneetroplus melanurus (BMNH 1864.1.26.82), 207 mm SL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207565/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
).
<typeStatus id="54E0AE9AFFABD3690327FD76FD5FEE98" box="[623,679,726,750]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Type</typeStatus>
locality is Lake Petén,
<collectingCountry id="F34C50A8FFABD36902E2FD75FBDFEE9B" box="[938,1063,725,749]" name="Guatemala" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
. We designate the largest
<typeStatus id="54E0AE9AFFABD369040DFD76FA64EE98" box="[1349,1436,726,750]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
as the
<typeStatus id="54E0AE9AFFABD3690197FD59FEBDEF67" box="[223,325,761,785]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
and the remaining four specimens as
<typeStatus id="54E0AE9AFFABD36903A5FD59FC76EF67" box="[749,910,761,785]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
(BMNH.1864.1.26.78-81).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE41038FFABD369018DFCBDFD50EF2F" blockId="9.[151,1437,725,2009]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD369018DFCBDFEBFEF40" bold="true" box="[197,327,797,822]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Synonyms.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD3690018FCBEFD45EF43" authority="Gunther 1862" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1862" box="[336,701,797,821]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Heros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanurus">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD3690018FCBEFDEBEF43" box="[336,531,797,821]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Heros melanurus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA6DC9FFABD3690355FCBDFD45EF43" author="Gunther" box="[541,701,797,821]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Gunther, A. (1862) Catalog of the Fishes in the British Museum. Vol. 4. London, 288 pp." type="book" year="1862">Günther 1862</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD3690382FCBEFB77EF43" authority="Steindachner 1864" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1864" box="[714,1167,797,821]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Heros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopogon">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD3690382FCBEFC48EF43" box="[714,944,797,821]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Heros melanopogon</emphasis>
Steindachner 1864
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD36905D4FCBDFED9EF2F" authority="Hubbs 1935" authorityName="Hubbs" authorityYear="1935" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Cichlasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="synspilum">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD36905D4FCBDFA64EF43" box="[1180,1436,797,821]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cichlasoma synspilum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA6DC9FFABD36901DFFCE1FED9EF2F" author="Hubbs" box="[151,289,833,857]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Hubbs, C. L. (1935) Fresh-water fishes collected in British Honduras and Guatemala. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Miscellaneous Publications, 28." type="book chapter" year="1935">Hubbs 1935</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD3690065FCE1FD50EF2F" authority="Fowler 1956" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1956" box="[301,680,833,857]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Cichlaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hicklingi">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD3690065FCE1FDEAEF2F" box="[301,530,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cichlaurus hicklingi</emphasis>
Fowler 1956
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34143B3FFABD369018DFCC5FB6EE903" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE41038FFABD369018DFCC5FB6EE903" blockId="9.[151,1437,725,2009]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD369018DFCC5FCFAEF08" bold="true" box="[197,770,869,894]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Material examined.
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD369008EFCC5FCFAEF08" box="[454,770,869,894]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanurus">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD369008EFCC5FCFAEF08" bold="true" box="[454,770,869,894]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Paraneetroplus melanurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
—
<collectingCountry id="F34C50A8FFABD3690253FCC5FC49EF0B" box="[795,945,869,893]" name="Guatemala" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">GUATEMALA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectionCode id="ED4A88FDFFABD3690280FCC6FBE7EF0B" box="[968,1055,870,893]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">UMMZ</collectionCode>
143888 (n=11), 143889 (n=2), 143937 (n=30), 143940 (n=30), 143949 (n=3), 187210 (n=4);
<collectionCode id="ED4A88FDFFABD3690227FC2AFC3BEFD7" box="[879,963,906,929]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">BMNH</collectionCode>
1864.1.26.78-82 (n=5) [Lago de Petén];
<collectionCode id="ED4A88FDFFABD36901DFFC0EFF16EFB3" box="[151,238,942,965]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">UMMZ</collectionCode>
95518 (n=1) [Río
<collectingCountry id="F34C50A8FFABD369008AFC0DFDCCEFB3" box="[450,564,941,965]" name="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">San Pedro</collectingCountry>
de Mártir; Río Usumacinta Drainage];
<collectionCode id="ED4A88FDFFABD36902B9FC0EFBB0EFB3" box="[1009,1096,942,965]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">UMMZ</collectionCode>
189985 (n=23) [Río Chixoy];
<collectionCode id="ED4A88FDFFABD36901DFFC72FF16EF9F" box="[151,238,978,1001]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">UMMZ</collectionCode>
144044 (n=17) [Laguna Perdida];
<collectionCode id="ED4A88FDFFABD36903CFFC72FD26EF9F" box="[647,734,978,1001]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">UMMZ</collectionCode>
144035 (n=7) [Laguna de Eckibix];
<collectionCode id="ED4A88FDFFABD36905C7FC72FB1EEF9F" box="[1167,1254,978,1001]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">UMMZ</collectionCode>
144048 (n=18) [Laguna de Yalac];
<collectionCode id="ED4A88FDFFABD36900CCFC56FE23E87B" box="[388,475,1014,1037]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">UMMZ</collectionCode>
144053 (n=18) [Río de la Pasión; Río Usumacinta Drainage].
<collectingCountry id="F34C50A8FFABD369059BFC55FAC8E87B" box="[1235,1328,1013,1037]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
:
<collectionCode id="ED4A88FDFFABD369040DFC56FA64E87B" box="[1349,1436,1014,1037]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">UMMZ</collectionCode>
196488 (n=2),
<date id="FFE536F8FFABD369000AFBB9FE6EE847" box="[322,406,1049,1073]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="68-08-21">210868</date>
(n=5) [Laguna Bacalar];
<collectionCode id="ED4A88FDFFABD36903F5FBBAFCECE847" box="[701,788,1050,1073]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">UMMZ</collectionCode>
184628 (n=7), 184637 (n=2) [Río Chilapa; Río Grijalva Drainage];
<collectionCode id="ED4A88FDFFABD3690054FB9EFE8BE823" box="[284,371,1086,1109]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">UMMZ</collectionCode>
196435 (n=30) [Río Usumacinta];
<collectionCode id="ED4A88FDFFABD3690269FB9EFC80E823" box="[801,888,1086,1109]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">UMMZ</collectionCode>
196605 (n=11) [Gulf of Campeche];
<collectionCode id="ED4A88FDFFABD369040DFB9EFA64E823" box="[1349,1436,1086,1109]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">UMMZ</collectionCode>
<date id="FFE536F8FFABD36901DFFBC1FF13E80F" box="[151,235,1121,1145]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="43-09-21">210943</date>
(n=2) [Río El Huil; Río Usumacinta Drainage].
<collectingCountry id="F34C50A8FFABD369026FFBC2FC80E80F" box="[807,888,1122,1145]" name="Belize" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">BELIZE</collectingCountry>
:
<collectionCode id="ED4A88FDFFABD36902C2FBC2FC19E80F" box="[906,993,1122,1145]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">UMMZ</collectionCode>
167692 (n=1),
<date id="FFE536F8FFABD36905D2FBC1FB16E80F" box="[1178,1262,1121,1145]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="44-01-19">190144</date>
(n=1),
<date id="FFE536F8FFABD3690400FBC1FA64E80F" box="[1352,1436,1121,1145]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="49-01-19">190149</date>
(n=1), 202885 (n=22) [Río
<collectingCountry id="F34C50A8FFABD3690080FB25FDEEE8EB" box="[456,534,1157,1181]" name="Belize" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Belize</collectingCountry>
]. COMPARATIVE MATERIAL—
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD369022FFB26FBEAE8EB" box="[871,1042,1157,1181]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculicauda">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD369022FFB26FBEAE8EB" box="[871,1042,1157,1181]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. maculicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4A88FDFFABD3690568FB25FB81E8EB" box="[1056,1145,1157,1181]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">UMMZ</collectionCode>
<date id="FFE536F8FFABD36905C8FB25FB2FE8EB" box="[1152,1239,1157,1181]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="67-06-18">180667</date>
, n=3,
<collectingCountry id="F34C50A8FFABD3690452FB25FA61E8EB" box="[1306,1433,1157,1181]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
: Tortugero;
<collectionCode id="ED4A88FDFFABD369005BFB0AFE92E8B7" box="[275,362,1194,1217]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">UMMZ</collectionCode>
195944; n=1;
<collectingCountry id="F34C50A8FFABD3690344FB09FDA0E8B7" box="[524,600,1193,1217]" name="Belize" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Belize</collectingCountry>
: Golden Stream);
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD3690269FB0AFC54E8B7" box="[801,940,1193,1217]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttulatus">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD3690269FB0AFC54E8B7" box="[801,940,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. guttulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4A88FDFFABD36902F2FB09FBEBE8B7" box="[954,1043,1193,1217]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">UMMZ</collectionCode>
194116, n=5,
<collectingCountry id="F34C50A8FFABD36905FAFB09FAC8E8B7" box="[1202,1328,1193,1217]" name="Guatemala" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
: Río
<collectingCountry id="F34C50A8FFABD3690420FB09FA76E8B7" box="[1384,1422,1193,1217]" name="Switzerland" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sis</collectingCountry>
);
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD36901DFFB6EFEFFE893" box="[151,263,1230,1253]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. z o n a t u s</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4A88FDFFABD3690055FB6DFE8EE893" box="[285,374,1229,1253]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">UMMZ</collectionCode>
178573, n=4,
<collectingCountry id="F34C50A8FFABD369036AFB6DFD84E893" box="[546,636,1229,1253]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mexico</collectingCountry>
: Río Tehuantepec);
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD369022CFB6EFC06E893" box="[868,1022,1229,1253]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fenestratus">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD369022CFB6EFC06E893" box="[868,1022,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. fenestratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4A88FDFFABD3690547FB6DFBBDE893" box="[1039,1093,1229,1253]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/p7k0-ij1x" name="Southeastern Louisiana University, Vertebrate Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">SLU</collectionCode>
5022; n=1; Río Chiquito);
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD36904CFFB6EFF02E97F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentea">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD36904CFFB6EFF02E97F" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. argentea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4A88FDFFABD3690042FB51FE9BE97F" box="[266,355,1265,1289]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">UMMZ</collectionCode>
189984; n=4;
<collectingCountry id="F34C50A8FFABD3690345FB51FD73E97F" box="[525,651,1265,1289]" name="Guatemala" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
: Río Chixoy);
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD369027CFB52FC62E97F" box="[820,922,1266,1289]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regani">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD369027CFB52FC62E97F" box="[820,922,1266,1289]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. regani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4A88FDFFABD36902E2FB51FBFBE97F" box="[938,1027,1265,1289]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">UMMZ</collectionCode>
184757; n=2;
<collectingCountry id="F34C50A8FFABD36905E5FB51FAFFE97F" box="[1197,1287,1265,1289]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mexico</collectingCountry>
: Río Coatzacoalcos);
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD3690043FAB6FE81E95B" box="[267,377,1301,1325]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bulleri">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD3690043FAB6FE81E95B" box="[267,377,1301,1325]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. bulleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4A88FDFFABD36900D8FAB5FE1EE95B" box="[400,486,1301,1325]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">BMNH</collectionCode>
90.10.10.94, n=1,
<collectingCountry id="F34C50A8FFABD369039AFAB5FCD4E95B" box="[722,812,1301,1325]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mexico</collectingCountry>
: Río de Sarabia;
<collectionCode id="ED4A88FDFFABD3690542FAB6FBA3E95B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" box="[1034,1115,1302,1325]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FMNH</collectionCode>
63937, n=1,
<collectingCountry id="F34C50A8FFABD369044FFAB5FA99E95B" box="[1287,1377,1301,1325]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mexico</collectingCountry>
: Río Papaloapan);
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD3690078FA9AFE48E927" box="[304,432,1337,1361]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hartwegi">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD3690078FA9AFE48E927" box="[304,432,1337,1361]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. hartwegi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4A88FDFFABD36900F5FA99FDEEE927" box="[445,534,1337,1361]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">UMMZ</collectionCode>
186407, n=3,
<collectingCountry id="F34C50A8FFABD36903F1FA99FCEBE927" box="[697,787,1337,1361]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mexico</collectingCountry>
: Río Grijalva);
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD3690289FA9AFBBDE927" box="[961,1093,1337,1361]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="breidohri">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD3690289FA9AFBBDE927" box="[961,1093,1337,1361]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. breidohri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4A88FDFFABD369051CFA99FB55E927" box="[1108,1197,1337,1361]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">UMMZ</collectionCode>
193906, n=3,
<collectingCountry id="F34C50A8FFABD3690407FA99FF2AE903" name="Guatemala" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
: Río Usumacinta);
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD36900E1FAFEFDC6E903" box="[425,574,1373,1397]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bifasciatus">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD36900E1FAFEFDC6E903" box="[425,574,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. bifasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4A88FDFFABD3690305FAFDFD5EE903" box="[589,678,1373,1397]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">UMMZ</collectionCode>
143879, n=2,
<collectingCountry id="F34C50A8FFABD3690200FAFDFC3EE903" box="[840,966,1373,1397]" name="Guatemala" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
: Río Usumacinta).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34143B3FFABD36A018DFA21FA6CEDF1" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE41038FFABD369018DFA21FE21EA3B" blockId="9.[151,1437,725,2009]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD369018DFA21FEC7E9EC" bold="true" box="[197,319,1409,1434]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD369000FFA21FD8BE9EF" box="[327,627,1409,1433]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanurus">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD369000FFA21FD8BE9EF" box="[327,627,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Paraneetroplus melanurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses a single dark horizontal to slightly angled band or stripe that typically extends from the caudal-fin base to near the mid-point of the body; ranging from about one-third to nearly half the length of the body. The band appears as a series of connected dark blotches that, in many specimens, are then broken into separated blotches near the band’s anterior extent (
<figureCitation id="13600CBDFFABD36902DFFA4DFC1FEA73" box="[919,999,1517,1541]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1865,1888]" captionTargetBox="[350,1237,997,1833]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[339,1248,983,1843]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Single specimen of Paraneetroplus melanurus, UMMZ 143940 [SL 115 mm], showing the a) right side of specimen illustrating blotched and downward sloped appearance of caudal band and b) left side of same specimen illustrating nonblotched and relatively straight appearance of caudal band." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207564/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13600CBDFFABD36902BCFA4EFBFCEA73" box="[1012,1028,1518,1541]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,920,943]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,440,885]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[169,1418,421,909]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Lectotype of Paraneetroplus melanurus (BMNH 1864.1.26.82), 207 mm SL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207565/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7</figureCitation>
, and 8b). The characteristic “caudal band” is present in both adults and large juveniles, and distinguishes the species from its congeners as well as all other syntopic cichlid fishes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE41038FFABD36A018DF9F9FA6CEDF1" blockId="9.[151,1437,725,2009]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,391]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
This species is most closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD3690327F9F9FC4BEA07" box="[623,947,1625,1649]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculicauda">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD3690327F9F9FC4BEA07" box="[623,947,1625,1649]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Paraneetroplus maculicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA6DC9FFABD3690289F9F9FBB5EA07" author="Hubbs" box="[961,1101,1625,1649]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Hubbs, C. L. (1935) Fresh-water fishes collected in British Honduras and Guatemala. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Miscellaneous Publications, 28." type="book chapter" year="1935">Hubbs 1935</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA6DC9FFABD3690510F9F9FAB2EA07" author="McMahan" box="[1112,1354,1625,1649]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="McMahan, C. D., Geheber, A. D. &amp; Piller, K. R. (2010) Molecular systematics of the enigmatic Middle American Genus Vieja (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 57, 1293 - 1300." type="journal article" year="2010">
McMahan
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD369059AF9FAFAF2EA07" box="[1234,1290,1625,1649]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
) which occurs from the Río Usumacinta drainage south to the Río Chagres in
<collectingCountry id="F34C50A8FFABD36902F3F9DEFBECEAE3" box="[955,1044,1662,1685]" name="Panama" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Panama</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA6DC9FFABD369056CF9DDFB23EAE3" author="Kullander" box="[1060,1243,1661,1685]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Kullander, S. O. (2003) Family Cichlidae (Cichlids). In: Reis, R. E., Kullander, S. O., &amp; Ferraris Jr., C. J. (Eds), Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Central and South America. Edipucrs, Porto Alegre, pp. 605 - 654." type="book chapter" year="2003">Kullander 2003</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD36905A7F9DDFEF6EACF" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanurus">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD36905A7F9DDFEF6EACF" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Paraneetroplus melanurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is clearly distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD369032FF902FCEFEACF" box="[615,791,1697,1721]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculicauda">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD369032FF902FD8DEACF" box="[615,629,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD36903CEF901FCEFEACF" box="[646,791,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">maculicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence in
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD36902B4F902FB6AEACF" box="[1020,1170,1697,1721]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanurus">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD36902B4F902FBF2EACF" box="[1020,1034,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD3690553F901FB6AEACF" box="[1051,1170,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">melanurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of a long black caudal band, often extending to mid-body. In
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD3690301F966FD0DEAAB" box="[585,757,1733,1757]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculicauda">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD3690301F966FDAFEAAB" box="[585,599,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD369032DF965FD0DEAAB" box="[613,757,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">maculicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the “band” is absent, replaced by a single large dark blotch at the caudal-fin base (
<figureCitation id="13600CBDFFABD36900DCF949FE2EEB77" box="[404,470,1769,1793]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1330,1353]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,989,1289]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,975,1317]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of caudal markings in a) P. maculicauda (UMMZ 195944) and b) P. melanurus (UMMZ 189985). The caudal marking of P. melanurus extends up to mid-body anteriorly, while the caudal marking of P. maculicauda resembles a large spot or blotch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207566/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
a). In addition, adult
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD3690388F94AFC94EB77" box="[704,876,1769,1793]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculicauda">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD3690388F94AFD36EB77" box="[704,718,1770,1793]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD3690394F949FC94EB77" box="[732,876,1769,1793]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">maculicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
typically possess a dark vertical bar (belt) at midbody (
<figureCitation id="13600CBDFFABD3690195F8ADFEE7EB53" box="[221,287,1805,1829]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1330,1353]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,989,1289]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,975,1317]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of caudal markings in a) P. maculicauda (UMMZ 195944) and b) P. melanurus (UMMZ 189985). The caudal marking of P. melanurus extends up to mid-body anteriorly, while the caudal marking of P. maculicauda resembles a large spot or blotch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207566/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
a). This character is absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD3690323F8AEFD04EB53" box="[619,764,1805,1829]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanurus">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD3690323F8AEFD81EB53" box="[619,633,1806,1829]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD36903CEF8ADFD04EB53" box="[646,764,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">melanurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The caudal band of
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD36902ADF8AEFB8FEB53" box="[997,1143,1805,1829]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanurus">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD36902ADF8AEFC0BEB53" box="[997,1011,1806,1829]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD3690549F8ADFB8FEB53" box="[1025,1143,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">melanurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also allows this species to be differentiated from all other members of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD36903B1F891FC5EEB3F" box="[761,934,1841,1865]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD36903B1F891FC5EEB3F" box="[761,934,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Paraneetroplus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD36902FFF892FC0DEB3F" box="[951,1013,1842,1865]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA6DC9FFABD36902B4F891FB0CEB3F" author="McMahan" box="[1020,1268,1841,1865]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="McMahan, C. D., Geheber, A. D. &amp; Piller, K. R. (2010) Molecular systematics of the enigmatic Middle American Genus Vieja (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 57, 1293 - 1300." type="journal article" year="2010">
McMahan
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD369053FF892FB48EB3F" box="[1143,1200,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
). In contrast to
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD36901DFF8F6FED2EB1B" box="[151,298,1877,1901]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanurus">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD36901DFF8F6FF5DEB1B" box="[151,165,1878,1901]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD36901FCF8F5FED2EB1B" box="[180,298,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">melanurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the three congeners
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD3690368F8F6FD56EB1B" box="[544,686,1877,1901]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttulatus">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD3690368F8F6FDD6EB1B" box="[544,558,1878,1901]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD3690376F8F5FD56EB1B" box="[574,686,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">guttulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD36903F6F8F6FCC9EB1B" box="[702,817,1878,1901]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zonatus">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD36903F6F8F6FD34EB1B" box="[702,716,1878,1901]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD3690394F8F6FCC9EB1B" box="[732,817,1878,1901]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">zonatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD369023AF8F6FBF3EB1B" box="[882,1035,1877,1901]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fenestratus">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD369023AF8F6FC78EB1B" box="[882,896,1878,1901]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD36902D8F8F5FBF3EB1B" box="[912,1035,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">fenestratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
each have a longitudinal band that extends the entire length of the body.
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD369030CF8D9FCA3EBE7" box="[580,859,1913,1937]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentea">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD369030CF8D9FCA3EBE7" box="[580,859,1913,1937]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Paraneetroplus argentea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD36902DCF8DAFC02EBE7" box="[916,1018,1914,1937]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regani">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD36902DCF8DAFC5AEBE7" box="[916,930,1914,1937]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD36902FAF8DAFC02EBE7" box="[946,1018,1914,1937]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">regani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD3690440F8DAFA64EBE7" box="[1288,1436,1913,1937]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanurus">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD3690440F8DAFAEEEBE7" box="[1288,1302,1914,1937]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD369046EF8D9FA64EBE7" box="[1318,1436,1913,1937]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">melanurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of a caudal band.
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD3690346F83DFCF6EBC3" box="[526,782,1949,1973]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bulleri">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD3690346F83DFCF6EBC3" box="[526,782,1949,1973]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Paraneetroplus bulleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD3690542F83EFB65EBC3" box="[1034,1181,1949,1973]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanurus">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD3690542F83EFBE0EBC3" box="[1034,1048,1950,1973]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD369056FF83DFB65EBC3" box="[1063,1181,1949,1973]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">melanurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the presence in
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFABD36901FEF862FEE7EBAF" box="[182,287,1985,2009]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bulleri">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD36901FEF862FF3CEBAF" box="[182,196,1986,2009]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFABD369019CF861FEE7EBAF" box="[212,287,1985,2009]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">bulleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of an irregular longitudinal stripe down the body that ends at or just before the caudal-fin base and includes a series of large dark blotches.
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFA8D36A0328FF38FC98ECC6" box="[608,864,152,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bulleri">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA8D36A0328FF38FC98ECC6" box="[608,864,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Paraneetroplus bulleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also possesses a prominent rounded snout (versus angular in
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFA8D36A0046FF1DFE58ECA2" box="[270,416,188,212]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanurus">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA8D36A0046FF1DFEE4ECA2" box="[270,284,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA8D36A0062FF1CFE58ECA2" box="[298,416,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">melanurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and a more elongate body.
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFA8D36A0395FF1CFC0DECA2" box="[733,1013,188,212]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hartwegi">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA8D36A0395FF1CFC0DECA2" box="[733,1013,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Paraneetroplus hartwegi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFA8D36A046CFF1DFF43EC8E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanurus">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA8D36A046CFF1DFACAECA2" box="[1316,1330,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA8D36A0408FF1CFF43EC8E" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">melanurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of lateral blotches/bars that form a nearly complete longitudinal stripe down the body, which begins with a blotch dorsal to the pectoral fin.
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFA8D36A03E3FEA4FC22ED6A" box="[683,986,260,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bifasciatus">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA8D36A03E3FEA4FC22ED6A" box="[683,986,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Paraneetroplus bifasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFA8D36A053AFEA5FAFDED6A" box="[1138,1285,260,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanurus">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA8D36A053AFEA5FB78ED6A" box="[1138,1152,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA8D36A05C7FEA4FAFDED6A" box="[1167,1285,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">melanurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the presence of two stripes along each side of the body. The upper stripe may be a blotch if not developed; however, the lower stripe runs from the pectoral fin base to the caudal fin.
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFA8D36A021BFEECFB89ED12" box="[851,1137,332,356]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="breidohri">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA8D36A021BFEECFB89ED12" box="[851,1137,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Paraneetroplus breidohri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFA8D36A0440FEEDFA64ED12" box="[1288,1436,332,356]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanurus">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA8D36A0440FEEDFAEEED12" box="[1288,1302,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA8D36A046EFEECFA64ED12" box="[1318,1436,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">melanurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by possession of a relatively complete longitudinal dark band extending from near the head to the caudal-fin base.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF2440B0FFA8D36A01DFFC38FBDFEFD8" box="[151,1063,920,943]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207565/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[177,1411,440,885]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BE41038FFA8D36A01DFFC38FBDFEFD8" blockId="10.[151,1063,920,943]" box="[151,1063,920,943]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA8D36A01DFFC38FEEBEFD8" bold="true" box="[151,275,920,943]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Lectotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFA8D36A00E8FC39FD56EFD9" box="[416,686,921,943]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanurus">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA8D36A00E8FC39FD56EFD9" box="[416,686,921,943]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Paraneetroplus melanurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(BMNH 1864.1.26.82), 207 mm SL.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2440B0FFA8D36A01DFFA92FE8CE9F0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207566/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[157,1429,989,1289]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BE41038FFA8D36A01DFFA92FE8CE9F0" blockId="10.[151,1436,1330,1414]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA8D36A01DFFA92FEECE93E" bold="true" box="[151,276,1330,1353]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Comparison of caudal markings in a)
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFA8D36A03EFFA94FCBDE93F" box="[679,837,1331,1353]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculicauda">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA8D36A03EFFA94FD4CE93F" box="[679,692,1332,1353]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA8D36A038AFA93FCBDE93F" box="[706,837,1331,1353]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">maculicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(UMMZ 195944) and b)
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFA8D36A051BFA94FB22E93F" box="[1107,1242,1331,1353]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanurus">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA8D36A051BFA94FB98E93F" box="[1107,1120,1332,1353]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA8D36A0527FA93FB22E93F" box="[1135,1242,1331,1353]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">melanurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(UMMZ 189985). The caudal marking of
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFA8D36A00CBFAF2FDFFE911" box="[387,519,1361,1383]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanurus">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA8D36A00CBFAF2FE77E911" box="[387,399,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA8D36A00D4FAF1FDFFE911" box="[412,519,1361,1383]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">melanurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
extends up to mid-body anteriorly, while the caudal marking of
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFA8D36A05DCFAF2FAC8E911" box="[1172,1328,1361,1383]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculicauda">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA8D36A05DCFAF2FB58E911" box="[1172,1184,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA8D36A05E5FAF1FAC8E911" box="[1197,1328,1361,1383]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">maculicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles a large spot or blotch.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2440B0FFA8D36A01DFF860FD9FEB83" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207567/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[286,1300,1447,1978]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BE41038FFA8D36A01DFF860FD9FEB83" blockId="10.[151,1437,1984,2037]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA8D36A01DFF860FEEBEBA3" bold="true" box="[151,275,1984,2007]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
Live specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFA8D36A009CF860FD1AEBA0" box="[468,738,1984,2006]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanurus">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA8D36A009CF860FD1AEBA0" box="[468,738,1984,2006]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Paraneetroplus melanurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. SLU 6612; 180 mm SL; Mexico: Quintana Roo, Cenote Azul, collected 11 January 2009. Photo by K. R. Piller.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34143B3FFA9D36B018DFF37FC63EA7B" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE41038FFA9D36B018DFF37FD25EE49" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,576]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA9D36B018DFF37FEAEECC6" bold="true" box="[197,342,151,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description.</emphasis>
Morphometric data on the
<typeStatus id="54E0AE9AFFA9D36B03D8FF37FD0FECD9" box="[656,759,151,175]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus id="54E0AE9AFFA9D36B0278FF37FC2AECD9" box="[816,978,151,175]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
are reported in
<tableCitation id="C6D92583FFA9D36B05C2FF37FB19ECD9" box="[1162,1249,151,175]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,235,624,645]" captionTargetBox="[159,1273,793,1104]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements in percent of standard length of the lectotype and 4 paralectotypes of Paraneetroplus melanurus. SD = standard deviation." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2440B0FFA9D36B01DFFDD0FE7FEED2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="DF2440B0FFA9D36B01DFFDD0FE7FEED2">Table 3</tableCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFA9D36B05A7FF38FEF6ECA3" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanurus">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA9D36B05A7FF38FEF6ECA3" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Paraneetroplus melanurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses the following set of meristic traits: average dorsal fin formula XVII 12 [range XV–XVIII 10– 15], anal fin formula
<date id="FFE536F8FFA9D36B00CCFF43FE4EEC8C" box="[388,438,226,250]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">VI 9</date>
[range
<date id="FFE536F8FFA9D36B0343FF43FD6EEC8C" box="[523,662,225,251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1911-05-07" valueMax="1911-07-07" valueMin="1911-05-07">V–VII 7–11</date>
], upper lateral-line scales usually 20-22 (range 16–24); lower lateralline scales usually 11–14 (range 7–16); 2 (rarely 1) scale rows between upper and lower lateral line. Individuals possess deep oval shaped bodies (42.8% SL in
<typeStatus id="54E0AE9AFFA9D36B03EDFE8DFD2DED33" box="[677,725,301,325]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
material) and consistently have a prominent black caudal band. The band is variable, either blotched (discontinuous) or mostly solid (i.e. non-blotched), typically becoming more broken anteriorly. Slope of the caudal band is somewhat variable, ranging from nearly straight and horizontal in orientation to slightly angled, ventrally sloping anteriorly. The slope and blotched pattern of the caudal band may differ between left versus right side of the body of the same individual (
<figureCitation id="13600CBDFFA9D36B02FFFE1CFC03EDA2" box="[951,1019,444,468]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1865,1888]" captionTargetBox="[350,1237,997,1833]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[339,1248,983,1843]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Single specimen of Paraneetroplus melanurus, UMMZ 143940 [SL 115 mm], showing the a) right side of specimen illustrating blotched and downward sloped appearance of caudal band and b) left side of same specimen illustrating nonblotched and relatively straight appearance of caudal band." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207564/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Small juveniles may possess a relatively straight caudal band; however, large juveniles and adults typically possess downward sloped bands. Most specimens possess a series of dark blotches along the dorso-lateral scales ventral to the dorsal fin. Breeding males of this species possess a large nuchal hump (
<figureCitation id="13600CBDFFA9D36B03C2FD87FD36EE49" box="[650,718,551,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,920,943]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,440,885]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[169,1418,421,909]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Lectotype of Paraneetroplus melanurus (BMNH 1864.1.26.82), 207 mm SL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207565/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2440B0FFA9D36B01DFFDD0FE7FEED2" ID-Table-UUID="DF2440B0FFA9D36B01DFFDD0FE7FEED2" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2440B0FFA9D36B01DFFDD0FE7FEED2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[159,1273,793,1104]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BE41038FFA9D36B01DFFDD0FE7FEED2" blockId="11.[151,1435,624,760]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA9D36B01DFFDD0FEFEEEF3" bold="true" box="[151,262,624,645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
Measurements in percent of standard length of the lectotype and 4 paralectotypes of
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFA9D36B05CDFDD0FA6EEEF0" box="[1157,1430,624,646]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanurus">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA9D36B05CDFDD0FA6EEEF0" box="[1157,1430,624,646]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Paraneetroplus melanurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. SD=standard deviation.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE41038FFA9D36B0370FD19FC61EE81" blockId="11.[151,1435,624,760]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<typeStatus id="54E0AE9AFFA9D36B0370FD19FD65EEB8" box="[568,669,697,718]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
Range Mean SD Standard length (mm) 207.0 63.2–207.0
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE41038FFA9D36B01D7FCB9FB15E826" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<table id="F95BE298FFA92C9F01D7FCB9FB01E826" box="[159,1273,793,1104]" gridcols="5" gridrows="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<tr id="356B127AFFA92C9F01D7FCB9FB01EF59" box="[159,1273,793,815]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<th id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F01D7FCB9FE68EF59" box="[159,400,793,815]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Head length</th>
<th id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F0370FCB9FD9CEF59" box="[568,612,793,815]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">65.6</th>
<th id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F026FFCB9FC74EF59" box="[807,908,793,815]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">20.4–65.6</th>
<th id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F055BFCB9FBB8EF59" box="[1043,1088,793,815]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">40.9</th>
<th id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F0585FCB9FB01EF59" box="[1229,1273,793,815]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">16.5</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356B127AFFA92C9F01D7FCE2FB01EF2E" box="[159,1273,834,856]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<th id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F01D7FCE2FE68EF2E" box="[159,400,834,856]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Snout length</th>
<td id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F0370FCE2FD9CEF2E" box="[568,612,834,856]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">33.1</td>
<td id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F026FFCE2FC74EF2E" box="[807,908,834,856]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">7.6–33.1</td>
<td id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F055BFCE2FBB8EF2E" box="[1043,1088,834,856]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">18.8</td>
<td id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F0585FCE2FB01EF2E" box="[1229,1273,834,856]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">9.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356B127AFFA92C9F01D7FCCBFB01EFF7" box="[159,1273,875,897]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<th id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F01D7FCCBFE68EFF7" box="[159,400,875,897]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Head depth</th>
<td id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F0370FCCBFD9CEFF7" box="[568,612,875,897]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">77.6</td>
<td id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F026FFCCBFC74EFF7" box="[807,908,875,897]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">19.4–77.6</td>
<td id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F055BFCCBFBB8EFF7" box="[1043,1088,875,897]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">43.6</td>
<td id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F0585FCCBFB01EFF7" box="[1229,1273,875,897]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">21.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356B127AFFA92C9F01D7FC35FB01EFDD" box="[159,1273,917,939]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<th id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F01D7FC35FE68EFDD" box="[159,400,917,939]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Body depth</th>
<td id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F0370FC35FD9CEFDD" box="[568,612,917,939]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">88.7</td>
<td id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F026FFC35FC74EFDD" box="[807,908,917,939]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">28.3–88.7</td>
<td id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F055BFC35FBB8EFDD" box="[1043,1088,917,939]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">55.4</td>
<td id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F0585FC35FB01EFDD" box="[1229,1273,917,939]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">22.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356B127AFFA92C9F01D7FC1EFB01EFA2" box="[159,1273,958,980]" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<th id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F01D7FC1EFE68EFA2" box="[159,400,958,980]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Orbital diameter</th>
<td id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F0370FC1EFD9CEFA2" box="[568,612,958,980]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">11.1</td>
<td id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F026FFC1EFC74EFA2" box="[807,908,958,980]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">5.3–11.1</td>
<td id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F055BFC1EFBB8EFA2" box="[1043,1088,958,980]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">8.3</td>
<td id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F0585FC1EFB01EFA2" box="[1229,1273,958,980]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356B127AFFA92C9F01D7FC48FB01EF88" box="[159,1273,1000,1022]" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<th id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F01D7FC48FE68EF88" box="[159,400,1000,1022]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Interorbital width</th>
<td id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F0370FC48FD9CEF88" box="[568,612,1000,1022]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">25.2</td>
<td id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F026FFC48FC74EF88" box="[807,908,1000,1022]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">7.7–25.2</td>
<td id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F055BFC48FBB8EF88" box="[1043,1088,1000,1022]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">15.8</td>
<td id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F0585FC48FB01EF88" box="[1229,1273,1000,1022]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">6.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356B127AFFA92C9F01D7FBB1FB01E851" box="[159,1273,1041,1063]" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<th id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F01D7FBB1FE68E851" box="[159,400,1041,1063]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Caudal-peduncle width</th>
<td id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F0370FBB1FD9CE851" box="[568,612,1041,1063]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">29.6</td>
<td id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F026FFBB1FC74E851" box="[807,908,1041,1063]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">9.2–29.6</td>
<td id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F055BFBB1FBB8E851" box="[1043,1088,1041,1063]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">17.9</td>
<td id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F0585FBB1FB01E851" box="[1229,1273,1041,1063]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">7.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356B127AFFA92C9F01D7FB9AFB01E826" box="[159,1273,1082,1104]" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<th id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F01D7FB9AFE68E826" box="[159,400,1082,1104]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Caudal-peduncle length</th>
<td id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F0370FB9AFD9CE826" box="[568,612,1082,1104]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">25.6</td>
<td id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F026FFB9AFC74E826" box="[807,908,1082,1104]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">6.2–25.6</td>
<td id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F055BFB9AFBB8E826" box="[1043,1088,1082,1104]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">14.3</td>
<td id="76BA7B06FFA92C9F0585FB9AFB01E826" box="[1229,1273,1082,1104]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">7.2</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE41038FFA9D36B018DFB11FEC3E943" blockId="11.[151,1437,1201,2017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA9D36B018DFB11FE31E8BC" bold="true" box="[197,457,1201,1226]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Coloration in alcohol.</emphasis>
Body with an overall brown color; smaller individuals may be a darker brown. Caudal band and dorso-lateral blotches remain black or dark. Dorsal, anal, pelvic, and caudal fins tan, with juveniles often possessing dark spots on fins. Pectoral fins are translucent and relatively colorless in adults, but occasionally having dark spots.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE41038FFA9D36B018DFAE1FC63EA7B" blockId="11.[151,1437,1201,2017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA9D36B018DFAE1FE6FE92C" bold="true" box="[197,407,1345,1370]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Coloration in life.</emphasis>
Live specimens have an overall dusky tone, with a gray to yellowish body (
<figureCitation id="13600CBDFFA9D36B05A9FAE1FADDE92F" box="[1249,1317,1345,1369]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1984,2007]" captionTargetBox="[286,1300,1447,1978]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[286,1300,1445,1981]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 9. Live specimen of Paraneetroplus melanurus. SLU 6612; 180 mm SL; Mexico: Quintana Roo, Cenote Azul, collected 11 January 2009. Photo by K. R. Piller." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207567/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). The caudal band and dorso-lateral blotches are black or dark. Fins are a dusky color, often having small dark spots. Individuals may have areas of blue, green, or yellow scales on the body. Adults in breeding condition typically have extensive red or pink on the breast area and sometimes extending over much of the anterior part of the body, with such variation possibly related to localized differences across the native range (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA6DC9FFA9D36B054EFA71FB61E99F" author="Conkel" box="[1030,1177,1489,1513]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Conkel, D. (1997) Cichlids of North and Central America. T. F. H Publications, Inc., 64 pp." type="book" year="1997">Conkel 1997</bibRefCitation>
, Schmitter-Soto 1998). Breeding individuals also display blue and yellow coloration on fins.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34143B3FFA9D36B018DF9BAFAA6EA23" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE41038FFA9D36B018DF9BAFAA6EA23" blockId="11.[151,1437,1201,2017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA9D36B018DF9BAFEB3EA44" bold="true" box="[197,331,1562,1586]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Etymology.</emphasis>
While not stated in Günther’s original description, the specific epithet appears to be derived from the Greek
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA9D36B0043F99DFE90EA23" box="[267,360,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">melanos</emphasis>
(black) and
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA9D36B00BDF99EFDD2EA23" box="[501,554,1598,1621]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">oura</emphasis>
(tail), likely in reference to the characteristic caudal band of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34143B3FFA9D36C018DF9C1FB0BED12" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE41038FFA9D36B018DF9C1FE90EB03" blockId="11.[151,1437,1201,2017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFA9D36B018DF9C1FE00EA0C" bold="true" box="[197,504,1633,1658]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Description of
<typeStatus id="54E0AE9AFFA9D36B0033F9C2FE0BEA0C" box="[379,499,1634,1658]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="54E0AE9AFFA9D36B037FF9C1FD66EA0F" box="[567,670,1633,1657]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
is the largest of the five original
<typeStatus id="54E0AE9AFFA9D36B0561F9C2FB73EA0C" box="[1065,1163,1634,1658]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="13600CBDFFA9D36B05D5F9C1FB1CEA0F" box="[1181,1252,1633,1657]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,920,943]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,440,885]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[169,1418,421,909]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Lectotype of Paraneetroplus melanurus (BMNH 1864.1.26.82), 207 mm SL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207565/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). The specimen appears well preserved and still possesses distinguishable markings. It is an adult male of
<quantity id="4CA3BDDDFFA9D36B05DCF925FB0AEAEB" box="[1172,1266,1669,1693]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.07" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="207.0">207 mm</quantity>
SL,
<quantity id="4CA3BDDDFFA9D36B0461F925FA64EAEB" box="[1321,1436,1669,1693]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.508" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="55.08">55.08 mm</quantity>
from posterior of orbit to pectoral fin,
<quantity id="4CA3BDDDFFA9D36B0318F909FD3CEAB7" box="[592,708,1705,1729]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.307" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="53.07">53.07 mm</quantity>
from posterior of dorsal to anal fin,
<quantity id="4CA3BDDDFFA9D36B0521F909FB25EAB7" box="[1129,1245,1705,1729]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.875" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="88.75">88.75 mm</quantity>
from anterior of dorsal to pelvic fin, and
<quantity id="4CA3BDDDFFA9D36B00EFF96DFDE1EA93" box="[423,537,1741,1765]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.113" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="11.13">11.13 mm</quantity>
orbit diameter. Dorsal fin XVII 12, anal fin
<date id="FFE536F8FFA9D36B0542F96EFB9FEA93" box="[1034,1127,1741,1765]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1914-06-08">VI 8, 14</date>
pectoral rays, 22 upper lateral-line scales, 13 lower lateral-line scales, 7 scale rows from anal fin to lower lateral line, 2 scale rows between upper and lower lateral line, 6 scales from pectoral to pelvic fin. The gill rakers are relatively short and conical. The maxillary cleft is ventral to the dorsal margin of the pectoral-fin base, and the upper and lower jaws do not extend one over the other.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE41038FFA9D36C018DF821FE48EC81" blockId="11.[151,1437,1201,2017]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,151,535]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
The left side of the specimen possesses a ventral-sloped caudal band, ending anteriorly ventral to the lower lateral line. The caudal band on the right side of the specimen is incomplete, consisting of moderately defined blotches; however, this band also continues to ventral the lower lateral line. The lower lateral line runs through the center of the posterior portion of the caudal band. On both sides of the specimen a series of 3–4 joined dorso-lateral blotches is present. Teeth are conical. The
<typeStatus id="54E0AE9AFFAED36C0330FF1CFD26ECA2" box="[632,734,188,212]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
possesses a nuchal hump on the head, characteristic of breeding males of this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE41038FFAED36C018DFEA3FB0BED12" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,535]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFAED36C018DFEA3FE2FED6A" bold="true" box="[197,471,259,284]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Intraspecific variation.</emphasis>
Variation in meristic characters is minimal throughout the range of this species. Most variation is associated with the pattern and slope of the caudal band, and this variation does not appear to be geographically differentiated. There is also variation in color pattern (see section on coloration, above).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34143B3FFAED36C018DFECFFE0BEE61" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE41038FFAED36C018DFECFFE0BEE61" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,535]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFAED36C018DFECFFEA6EDFE" bold="true" box="[197,350,367,392]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6BBBFFAED36C002DFED0FD68EDFE" box="[357,656,368,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanurus">
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFAED36C002DFED0FD68EDFE" box="[357,656,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Paraneetroplus melanurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
naturally occurs along the Atlantic slope in the Río Grijalva-Usumacinta system, and east and southward throughout Quintana Roo,
<collectingCountry id="F34C50A8FFAED36C022DFE34FC45EDDA" box="[869,957,404,428]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F34C50A8FFAED36C02B0FE34FBC7EDDA" box="[1016,1087,404,428]" name="Belize" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Belize</collectingCountry>
to the Lago de Petén system of
<collectingCountry id="F34C50A8FFAED36C01DFFE17FEECEDB9" box="[151,276,439,463]" name="Guatemala" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
. An introduced population is presumably established in
<collectingCountry id="F34C50A8FFAED36C02D0FE17FBF2EDB9" box="[920,1034,439,463]" name="Singapore" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Singapore</collectingCountry>
(Ng and
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA6DC9FFAED36C0531FE18FB1FEDB9" author="Tan" box="[1145,1255,439,463]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Ng, H. H. &amp; Tan, H. H. (2010) An annotated checklist of the non-native freshwater fish species in the reservoirs of Singapore, Cosmos, 6, 95 - 116." type="journal article" year="2010">Tan 2010</bibRefCitation>
), and the specimens, likely released pet fish, have been reported for open waters of the
<collectingCountry id="F34C50A8FFAED36C029CFE7CFBF4ED82" box="[980,1036,476,500]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USA</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA6DC9FFAED36C0554FE7CFB1CED82" author="Fuller" box="[1052,1252,476,500]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Fuller P. L., Nico L. G. &amp; Williams J. D. (1999) Nonindigenous Fishes Introduced to Inland Waters of the United States, American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, 613 pp." type="book" year="1999">
Fuller
<emphasis id="B92FCC2AFFAED36C0521FE7DFB5AED82" box="[1129,1186,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
1999
</bibRefCitation>
) and the
<collectingCountry id="F34C50A8FFAED36C0407FE7CFF2AEE61" name="Philippines" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Philippines</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA6DC9FFAED36C01A8FE5FFE1FEE61" author="Froese" box="[224,487,511,535]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Froese, R. &amp; Pauly, D. (2009) FishBase, World Wide Web electronic publication. Available from www. fishbase. org. version 11 / 2010. (accessed 7 January 2011)." type="journal article" year="2009">Froese and Pauly 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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