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<document id="8AD77155D71ADCA79AD476C723537DAE" ID-CLB-Dataset="31611" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2017.348" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e6b25548-6721-4e1e-a68e-663c949b3306" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1042663" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:56D8BC29-3C29-4EE8-8633-B997784CA00A" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1509986452861" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Stephan M. Blank, Katja Kramp, David R. Smith, Yuri N. Sundukov, Meicai Wei &amp; Akihiko Shinohara" docDate="2017" docId="03C587E2FFC4FF87FD81FEECFCEFFCBB" docLanguage="en" docName="EJT-348_synonyms style example.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 348" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Megaxyela langstoni Ross 1936" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="FFFCFF9AFFD1FF90FFA8FFE7FFE4FFB2" masterDocTitle="Big and beautiful: the Megaxyela species (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae) of East Asia and North America" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1698480835060" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="73D3BC3AEC7CF5D81CABD42D219E97C2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="7060F296C784BBCF01FA3BF2AE042931">
<mods:title id="5C6C11B639DDCF5537C9599E41C2ACC8">Big and beautiful: the Megaxyela species (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae) of East Asia and North America</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F58E0AD8D058A554658CF861135E1ABA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1AF3272ADAA24D3FAFF725E96706894F">Stephan M. Blank</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="C360B2FEFB8D8ACE55468D32630BB5F4">Katja Kramp</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A77E3D4D7D79366D8B923954297A67E9" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E28102DC7F07454B45742A8C10944083">David R. Smith</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6EA186F71E42520E97A00FD6353580F5" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C382A1D3B636AD93FE210C7C9468636F">
<mods:roleTerm id="D0558D898E06B86204670496D11CE91C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7DCD5115B6995E5119943763A186294F">Yuri N. Sundukov</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0B7E0F094AEF2A8E9DB4A41C855E83A7" type="personal">
<mods:role id="67BCBE5040B1AF3F2B95DA3CC92850C6">
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<mods:namePart id="A0BE035C3426DA19A78DBBD81131BC18">Meicai Wei</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A2C8842273F3C140DEA5A425AE2E6E96" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C4A160B3F35C4D88A5544F488FB1E83C">
<mods:roleTerm id="0CEAB9C01DDC122CF51098669AA57D9F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="433BCE831C14CAC0AC9EF41827A5A5F9">Akihiko Shinohara</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="541C83B493FFC83528AB469F7F1787B6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="08F43F2E7886A895E0E06AB88E054852">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="C3A2BFFFF770F9C8191D967D8F5B6283">
<mods:date id="BA85628EA82FAC9B645F45CB4BB9325D">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="59C627970D8A9761F3C6480E73D7C8AE">2017-09-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9D960122D5C0F78AFFF11F08DBDAF95B">348</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="D03EE9474CB5F7F47F64F7CBBFACCCF3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="03C587E2FFC4FF87FD81FEECFCEFFCBB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698080" ID-GBIF-Taxon="137239427" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698080" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C587E2FFC4FF87FD81FEECFCEFFCBB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587E2FFC4FF87FD81FEECFCEFFCBB" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<subSubSection id="C376657FFFC4FF85FD81FEECFBEEFE94" box="[553,1034,267,294]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC4FF85FD81FEECFBEEFE94" blockId="21.[553,1034,267,329]" box="[553,1034,267,294]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="D09B8198FFC4FF85FD81FEECFBEEFE94" box="[553,1034,267,294]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC4FF85FD81FEECFC4BFE97" authority="Ross, 1936" authorityName="Ross" authorityYear="1936" box="[553,943,267,294]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langstoni">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FD81FEECFCC1FE94" bold="true" box="[553,805,267,294]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Megaxyela langstoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFC4FF85FC85FEEBFC4BFE97" author="Ross H. H." box="[813,943,267,294]" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="131 – 132" part="47" refString="Ross H. H. 1936. A new pecan sawfly, Megaxyela langstoni n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae). Entomological News 47: 131 - 132." title="A new pecan sawfly, Megaxyela langstoni n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae)." type="book" year="1936">Ross, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
sp. rev.
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C376657FFFC4FF85FD16FEC8FC92FEFB" box="[702,886,303,329]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC4FF85FD16FEC8FC92FEFB" blockId="21.[553,1034,267,329]" box="[702,886,303,329]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<figureCitation id="13572A71FFC4FF85FD16FEC8FCD8FEFB" box="[702,828,303,329]" captionStart="Fig. 7" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,500,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[189,1399,500,1817]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 7. A – F. Megaxyela langstoni Ross, 1936, ♀ (A – C = holotype, DEI-GISHym 30821, INHS; D – F = 30822, USNM). G – K. M. major (Cresson, 1880), ♂, paratype (30823, ANSP). A – B. ♀, holotype, habitus dorsal / lateroventral. C. ♀, holotype, head frontal. D – E. ♀, metatarsus, lateral / ventral. F. ♀, abdomen lateroventral. G – H. Habitus dorsal / lateroventral. I. Head frontal. J – K. Metatarsus lateral / ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1042679/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs 7A–F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13572A71FFC4FF85FCEFFEC8FC92FEFB" box="[839,886,303,329]" captionStart="Fig. 11" captionStartId="36.[189,232,1789,1815]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[189,1399,265,1749]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Fig. 11. Species of Megaxyela Ashmead, 1898, ovipositor sheaths. A. M. euchroma Blank, Shinohara &amp; Wei sp. nov. (holotype, DEI-GISHym 22554, CSCS). B. M. fulvago Blank, Shinohara &amp; Wei sp. nov. (5752, NSMT). C. M. gigantea Mocsáry, 1909, holotype of M. mikado Sato, 1930 (22350, NSMT). D. M. inversa Blank &amp; D. R. Smith sp. nov., paratype (22356, USNM). E. M. langstoni Ross, 1936, holotype (30821, INHS). F. M. parki Shinohara, 1992 (18510, NSMT). G. M. pulchra Blank, Shinohara &amp; Sundukov sp. nov., holotype (18501, NSMT). H. M. togashii Shinohara, 1992, holotype (22352, NSMT). Images not to the same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1042687/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">11E</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C376657FFFC4FF85FF15FE96FB24FDEF" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC4FF85FF15FE96FE56FE02" blockId="21.[189,1399,369,432]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC4FF85FF15FE96FD8BFE39" authority="Ross, 1936: 131" authorityName="Ross" authorityPageNumber="131" authorityYear="1936" box="[189,623,369,396]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langstoni">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FF15FE96FE54FE39" box="[189,432,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Megaxyela langstoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFC4FF85FE1EFE95FDDFFE39" author="Ross H. H." box="[438,571,369,396]" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="131 – 132" part="47" refString="Ross H. H. 1936. A new pecan sawfly, Megaxyela langstoni n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae). Entomological News 47: 131 - 132." title="A new pecan sawfly, Megaxyela langstoni n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae)." type="book" year="1936">Ross, 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 131
</taxonomicName>
–132 (♀ ♂, type locality: USA, Mississippi, Starkville, Mississippi State University).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC4FF85FF15FE30FDAEFDA4" blockId="21.[189,1398,471,605]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC4FF85FF15FE30FE5CFE43" authorityName="Ross" authorityYear="1936" box="[189,440,471,497]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langstoni">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FF15FE30FE5CFE43" box="[189,440,471,497]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Megaxyela langstoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– Smith 1978: 25 (listed in synonymy with
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC4FF85FC5FFE3FFB8FFE43" authorityName="Det. D. Burdick" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[1015,1131,472,497]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FC5FFE3FFB8FFE43" box="[1015,1131,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). ―
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFC4FF85FB1DFE30FAACFE43" author="Shinohara A. &amp; Smith D. R." box="[1205,1352,471,497]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Series A, Zoology" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="281 - 288" part="5" refString="Shinohara A. &amp; Smith D. R. 1979. The Sato types of sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta). Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Series A, Zoology 5: 281 - 288." title="The Sato types of sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta)" type="journal article" year="1979">Smith 1979</bibRefCitation>
: 10 (synonymized with
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC4FF85FE64FE1BFDDDFDA7" authorityName="Det. D. Burdick" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[460,569,508,533]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FE64FE1BFDDDFDA7" box="[460,569,508,533]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC4FF85FF15FDF8FB24FDEF" blockId="21.[189,1398,471,605]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC4FF85FF15FDF8FE6DFD8B" authorityName="Det. D. Burdick" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[189,393,543,569]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FF15FDF8FE6DFD8B" box="[189,393,543,569]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Megaxyela major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFC4FF85FE0BFDF8FD72FD8B" author="Smith D. R. &amp; Schiff N. M." box="[419,662,543,569]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="636 - 657" part="100" refString="Smith D. R. &amp; Schiff N. M. 1998. The genera Macroxyela Kirby and Megaxyela Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae) in North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 100: 636 - 657." title="The genera Macroxyela Kirby and Megaxyela Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae) in North America" type="journal article" year="1998">Smith &amp; Schiff 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 644–648 (misidentification,
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FC4FFDC7FBD1FD8B" box="[999,1077,544,569]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">partim</emphasis>
). ―
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFC4FF85FBC7FDC7FB05FD8B" author="Ree B." box="[1135,1249,543,570]" journalOrPublisher="Texas Pecan Pest Management Newsletter 12" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 3" part="1" refString="Ree B. 2012. Insects. Texas Pecan Pest Management Newsletter 12 (1): [1 - 3]." title="Insects" type="journal article" year="2012">Ree 2012</bibRefCitation>
: [1] (damage to pecan). ―
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFC4FF85FE2AFDA4FE12FDEF" author="Ree B." box="[386,502,579,605]" journalOrPublisher="Texas Pecan Pest Management Newsletter 14" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 3" part="2" refString="Ree B. 2014. Sawfly. Texas Pecan Pest Management Newsletter 14 (2): [1 - 3]." title="Sawfly" type="journal article" year="2014">Ree 2014</bibRefCitation>
: [2] (damage to pecan). ―
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFC4FF85FC9FFDA4FC4FFDEF" author="Ree B." box="[823,939,579,605]" journalOrPublisher="Texas Pecan Pest Management Newsletter" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 – 3" part="16" publicationUrl="http://presidio.agrilife.org/files/2011/08/Texas-Pecan-Pest-Management-Newsletter-March-31-2016.pdf" refString="Ree B. 2016: Insects. Texas Pecan Pest Management Newsletter 16 (2): [1 - 3]. Available from http: //presidio. agrilife. org / files / 2011 / 08 / Texas-Pecan-Pest-Management-Newsletter-March- 31 - 2016. pdf [accessed 13 Jul. 2017]." title="Insects" type="journal article" year="2016">Ree 2016</bibRefCitation>
: [2] (damage to pecan).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C376657FFFC4FF85FF15FD62FD81FB89" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC4FF85FF15FD62FE88FD2D" blockId="21.[189,364,645,671]" box="[189,364,645,671]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="D09B8198FFC4FF85FF15FD62FE88FD2D" bold="true" box="[189,364,645,671]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FF15FD62FE88FD2D" bold="true" box="[189,364,645,671]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Type material</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<materialsCitation id="3B043CA9FFC4FF85FF42FD53FDAAFCEC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1699357578" collectingDate="1932-07-04" collectionCode="INHS" collectorName="J. M. Langston" country="United States of America" location="Starkville" municipality="Starkville" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCode="Pecan 283813, DEI-GISHym 30821" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Mississippi" typeStatus="holotype">
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC4FF85FF42FD53FEB8FD7C" blockId="21.[189,1399,692,862]" box="[234,348,692,718]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="D09B8198FFC4FF85FF42FD53FEB8FD7C" bold="true" box="[234,348,692,718]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FF42FD53FEB8FD7C" bold="true" box="[234,348,692,718]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<typeStatus id="54D78856FFC4FF85FF42FD53FEB8FD7C" box="[234,348,692,718]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC4FF85FF15FD3FFDAAFCEC" blockId="21.[189,1399,692,862]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry id="F37B7664FFC4FF85FF15FD3FFF18FD40" box="[189,252,728,754]" name="United States of America" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="9D6AFD7DFFC4FF85FEA0FD3EFEC4FD41" box="[264,288,729,755]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
: “State College Miss.
<date id="FFD21034FFC4FF85FD82FD3FFD9EFD40" box="[554,634,728,754]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1932-07-04">
<collectingDate id="EF96E9DCFFC4FF85FD82FD3FFD9EFD40" box="[554,634,728,754]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1932-07-04">4/7/32</collectingDate>
</date>
”; “
<collectorName id="26995322FFC4FF85FD37FD3FFCB4FD41" box="[671,848,728,755]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">J. M. Langston</collectorName>
Collector”; “
<specimenCode id="DBCA9E8FFFC4FF85FC45FD3FFB78FD40" box="[1005,1180,728,754]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Pecan 283813</specimenCode>
”; [red:] “
<typeStatus id="54D78856FFC4FF85FAAEFD3FFA92FD40" box="[1286,1398,728,754]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC4FF85FF15FD1BFE10FCA4" authority="Ross" authorityName="Ross" authorityYear="1936" box="[189,500,764,790]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langstoni">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FF15FD1BFE57FCA4" box="[189,435,764,790]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Megaxyela langstoni</emphasis>
Ross
</taxonomicName>
♀”; “INHS Type #1071”; “
<specimenCode id="DBCA9E8FFFC4FF85FC94FD1BFBDCFCA4" box="[828,1080,764,790]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">DEI-GISHym 30821</specimenCode>
” (INHS), left posterior leg missing. The locality data correspond with the present-day
<collectingRegion id="49A8F816FFC4FF85FCD3FCC7FBE5FC88" box="[891,1025,800,826]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
State University of Agriculture and Applied Science in
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB7AC8EFFC4FF85FE7CFCA3FDAEFCEC" box="[468,586,836,862]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Starkville</collectingMunicipality>
.
</paragraph>
</materialsCitation>
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC4FF85FF15FC61FDD0FC12" blockId="21.[189,564,902,928]" box="[189,564,902,928]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="D09B8198FFC4FF85FF15FC61FDD0FC12" bold="true" box="[189,564,902,928]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FF15FC61FDD0FC12" bold="true" box="[189,564,902,928]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Additional material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC4FF85FF15FC52FD81FB89" blockId="21.[189,1399,948,1083]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<materialsCitation id="3B043CA9FFC4FF85FF15FC52FE9CFC41" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1699357594" collectingDate="1915-04-10" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Ag. Coll. Miss. &amp; C. C. Greer" country="United States of America" location="Starkville" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCode="DEI-GISHym 30822" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Mississippi">
<collectingCountry id="F37B7664FFC4FF85FF15FC52FF18FC7D" box="[189,252,949,975]" name="United States of America" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="9D6AFD7DFFC4FF85FEA2FC52FEDDFC62" box="[266,313,949,976]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="49A8F816FFC4FF85FEE3FC52FE30FC7D" box="[331,468,949,975]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8EB3602FFFC4FF85FE4AFC52FDB0FC7D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C587E2FFC4FF87FD81FEECFCEFFCBB:8EB3602FFFC4FF85FE4AFC52FDB0FC7D" box="[482,596,949,975]" country="United States of America" name="Starkville" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" stateProvince="Mississippi">Starkville</location>
[“
<collectorName id="26995322FFC4FF85FDDAFC52FCD1FC7D" box="[626,821,948,975]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ag. Coll. Miss.</collectorName>
”],
<date id="FFD21034FFC4FF85FCF0FC52FC1DFC62" box="[856,1017,949,976]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1915-04-10">
<collectingDate id="EF96E9DCFFC4FF85FCF0FC52FC1DFC62" box="[856,1017,949,976]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1915-04-10">10 Apr. 1915</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26995322FFC4FF85FBA0FC52FB6FFC7D" box="[1032,1163,949,975]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">C.C. Greer</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCode id="DBCA9E8FFFC4FF85FB7AFC52FEE2FC41" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">DEI-GISHym 30822</specimenCode>
(USNM)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B043CA9FFC4FF85FE2BFC3EFECDFB89" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1699357592" collectingDate="2016-04-09" collectingDateMax="2016-04-23" collectingDateMin="2016-04-09" collectingMethod="Malaise trap" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="C. Apgar" country="United States of America" county="Pawnee County" latitude="36.292" location="352736 East Hwy 64" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-96.716" municipality="Pawnee" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCode="DEI-GISHym 30796" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Oklahoma">
<specimenCount id="9D6AFD7DFFC4FF85FE2BFC3EFE4AFC41" box="[387,430,985,1011]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="49A8F816FFC4FF85FE13FC3EFDDCFC41" box="[443,568,985,1011]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="62B24E78FFC4FF85FDEBFC3EFD18FC41" box="[579,764,985,1011]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Pawnee County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB7AC8EFFC4FF85FCAEFC3EFC80FC41" box="[774,868,985,1011]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Pawnee</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EB3602FFFC4FF85FCC6FC3EFB80FC41" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C587E2FFC4FF87FD81FEECFCEFFCBB:8EB3602FFFC4FF85FCC6FC3EFB80FC41" box="[878,1124,985,1012]" country="United States of America" county="Pawnee County" latitude="36.292" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-96.716" municipality="Pawnee" name="352736 East Hwy 64" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" stateProvince="Oklahoma">352736 East Hwy 64</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE585033FFC4FF85FBC7FC3EFB0DFC41" box="[1135,1257,985,1011]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="55" value="36.292">36.292° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE585033FFC4FF85FB5CFC3EFA96FC41" box="[1268,1394,985,1011]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="55" value="-96.716">96.716° W</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingMethod id="522D4EE3FFC4FF85FF15FC1AFEBCFBA5" box="[189,344,1021,1047]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
,
<date id="FFD21034FFC4FF85FEC0FC1AFDC8FBA5" box="[360,556,1021,1047]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2016-04-09" valueMax="2016-04-23" valueMin="2016-04-09">
<collectingDate id="EF96E9DCFFC4FF85FEC0FC1AFDC8FBA5" box="[360,556,1021,1047]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2016-04-09" valueMax="2016-04-23" valueMin="2016-04-09">9–23 Apr. 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26995322FFC4FF85FD95FC1AFD48FBA5" box="[573,684,1021,1047]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">C. Apgar</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCode id="DBCA9E8FFFC4FF85FD51FC1AFC17FBA5" box="[761,1011,1021,1047]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">DEI-GISHym 30796</specimenCode>
(specimen used for barcoding) (USNM)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B043CA9FFC4FF85FE9DFBC6FD85FB89" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1699357593" box="[309,609,1057,1083]" collectionCode="USNM" country="United States of America" location="Texas" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Texas">
<specimenCount id="9D6AFD7DFFC4FF85FE9DFBC6FE85FB89" box="[309,353,1057,1083]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D6AFD7DFFC4FF85FEC7FBC6FE79FB89" box="[367,413,1057,1083]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="49A8F816FFC4FF85FE02FBC6FE0AFB89" box="[426,494,1057,1083]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Texas</collectingRegion>
(USNM)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C376657FFFC4FF85FF15FB85FEA4FA84" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC4FF85FF15FB85FDF5FBCF" blockId="21.[189,529,1122,1149]" box="[189,529,1122,1149]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="D09B8198FFC4FF85FF15FB85FDF5FBCF" bold="true" box="[189,529,1122,1149]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FF15FB85FDF5FBCF" bold="true" box="[189,529,1122,1149]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Supplementary description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC4FF85FF42FB75FEA1FB1E" blockId="21.[189,1399,1170,1268]" box="[234,325,1170,1196]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="D09B8198FFC4FF85FF42FB75FEA1FB1E" bold="true" box="[234,325,1170,1196]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FF42FB75FEA1FB1E" bold="true" box="[234,325,1170,1196]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Female</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC4FF85FF15FB51FA93FB46" blockId="21.[189,1399,1170,1268]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Synantennomere 3
<quantity id="4C949B11FFC4FF85FE08FB51FE1AFB62" box="[416,510,1206,1232]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
, filament
<quantity id="4C949B11FFC4FF85FDD9FB51FD2BFB62" box="[625,719,1206,1232]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
, with (6–)8–9 articles. Pulvilli present on metatarsomeres 1–4, on article 1 pulvillus 100 µm long, on article 4 170 µm (
<figureCitation id="13572A71FFC4FF85FCC3FB3DFC0CFB46" box="[875,1000,1242,1268]" captionStart="Fig. 7" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,500,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[189,1399,500,1817]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 7. A – F. Megaxyela langstoni Ross, 1936, ♀ (A – C = holotype, DEI-GISHym 30821, INHS; D – F = 30822, USNM). G – K. M. major (Cresson, 1880), ♂, paratype (30823, ANSP). A – B. ♀, holotype, habitus dorsal / lateroventral. C. ♀, holotype, head frontal. D – E. ♀, metatarsus, lateral / ventral. F. ♀, abdomen lateroventral. G – H. Habitus dorsal / lateroventral. I. Head frontal. J – K. Metatarsus lateral / ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1042679/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 7D–E</figureCitation>
). See key for additional characters.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC4FF85FF15FAFBFEA4FA84" blockId="21.[189,320,1308,1334]" box="[189,320,1308,1334]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="D09B8198FFC4FF85FF15FAFBFEA4FA84" bold="true" box="[189,320,1308,1334]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FF15FAFBFEA4FA84" bold="true" box="[189,320,1308,1334]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Host plant</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C376657FFFC4FF85FF15FAABFD48F837" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC4FF85FF15FAABFBBCFA1F" blockId="21.[189,1399,1355,1453]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Pecan (
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FEB0FAACFE1FFAD7" box="[280,507,1355,1381]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC4FF85FEB0FAACFE85FAD7" authorityName="Nuttall" authorityYear="1818" box="[280,353,1355,1381]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Carya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Carya</taxonomicName>
illinoinensis
</emphasis>
; cited as “
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FD2BFAACFCF9FAD7" box="[643,797,1355,1381]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC4FF85FD2BFAACFD28FAD7" authorityName="Nuttall" authorityYear="1818" box="[643,716,1355,1381]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Carya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Carya</taxonomicName>
pecan
</emphasis>
A. &amp; G.” by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFC4FF85FC64FAABFBA8FAD4" author="Ross H. H." box="[972,1100,1355,1382]" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="131 – 132" part="47" refString="Ross H. H. 1936. A new pecan sawfly, Megaxyela langstoni n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae). Entomological News 47: 131 - 132." title="A new pecan sawfly, Megaxyela langstoni n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae)." type="book" year="1936">Ross 1936</bibRefCitation>
) and possibly additional species of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC4FF85FE90FA88FE65FA3B" authorityName="Nuttall" authorityYear="1818" box="[312,385,1391,1417]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Carya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FE90FA88FE65FA3B" box="[312,385,1391,1417]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Carya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFC4FF85FE38FA88FDF9FA3B" author="Dyar H. G." box="[400,541,1391,1417]" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="173 - 176" part="30" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent30173-7" refString="Dyar H. G. 1898 b. Notes on some sawfly larvae, especially the Xyelidae. Canadian Entomologist 30: 173 - 176 [July 1898]. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 30173 - 7" title="Notes on some sawfly larvae, especially the Xyelidae" type="journal article" year="1898" yearSuffix="b">Dyar 1898b</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC4FF85FDEBFA97FD54FA3B" authorityName="Det. D. Burdick" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[579,688,1392,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FDEBFA97FD54FA3B" box="[579,688,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Yuasa 1923 as
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC4FF85FCC4FA88FC09FA3B" authorityName="Ashmead in Dyar" authorityYear="1898" box="[876,1005,1391,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FCC4FA88FC09FA3B" box="[876,1005,1391,1417]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Megaxyela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1). Supposedly also the photo by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFC4FF85FF4AFA74FE81FA1F" author="Ree B." box="[226,357,1427,1453]" journalOrPublisher="Texas Pecan Pest Management Newsletter 14" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 3" part="2" refString="Ree B. 2014. Sawfly. Texas Pecan Pest Management Newsletter 14 (2): [1 - 3]." title="Sawfly" type="journal article" year="2014">Ree (2014)</bibRefCitation>
of gregarious larvae of
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FDD6FA73FD7AFA1F" box="[638,670,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M.</emphasis>
‘
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC4FF85FD07FA73FD11FA1F" authorityName="Det. D. Burdick" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[687,757,1428,1453]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FD07FA73FD11FA1F" box="[687,757,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ feeding on pecan refers here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC4FF85FF15FA32FECBFA5D" blockId="21.[189,303,1493,1519]" box="[189,303,1493,1519]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="D09B8198FFC4FF85FF15FA32FECBFA5D" bold="true" box="[189,303,1493,1519]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FF15FA32FECBFA5D" bold="true" box="[189,303,1493,1519]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC4FF85FF15F9E3FD48F837" blockId="21.[189,1399,1540,1925]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Smith (1978, 1979) treated
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC4FF85FDA4F9E3FCE0F9AC" authorityName="Ross" authorityYear="1936" box="[524,772,1540,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langstoni">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FDA4F9E3FCE0F9AC" box="[524,772,1540,1566]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Megaxyela langstoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC4FF85FC48F9E2FBB4F9AC" authorityName="Det. D. Burdick" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[992,1104,1541,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FC48F9E2FBB4F9AC" box="[992,1104,1541,1566]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. With some reservation,
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFC4FF85FF15F9CFFE27F9F0" author="Smith D. R. &amp; Schiff N. M." box="[189,451,1576,1602]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="636 - 657" part="100" refString="Smith D. R. &amp; Schiff N. M. 1998. The genera Macroxyela Kirby and Megaxyela Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae) in North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 100: 636 - 657." title="The genera Macroxyela Kirby and Megaxyela Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae) in North America" type="journal article" year="1998">Smith &amp; Schiff (1998)</bibRefCitation>
discussed differences in behavior, color and morphology as possible intraspecific variation. Here we reinstate
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC4FF85FDADF9AAFD7CF9D4" authorityName="Ross" authorityYear="1936" box="[517,664,1612,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langstoni">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FDADF9AAFD7CF9D4" box="[517,664,1612,1638]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. langstoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. rev. as a valid species. The analysis of the barcoding region of three females, all originating from a collection site in
<collectingRegion id="49A8F816FFC4FF85FCEAF997FC5BF938" box="[834,959,1648,1674]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
, resulted in two clades (DEI-GISHym 30796 and 30767 + 30797, respectively) separated by a minimum pairwise distance of 13.5%, while the two specimens included in the clade 30767 + 30797 are separated by a mimimum pairwise distance of only 0.3% (
<figureCitation id="13572A71FFC4FF85FECEF93CFE4AF947" box="[358,430,1755,1781]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1789,1815]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,903,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[189,1399,902,1756]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 2. Phylogenetic hypothesis of Megaxyela Ashmead, 1898, based on a Maximum Likelihood analysis of the barcoding region (COI- 5 P) applying the the Jukes-Cantor model. Two specimens of Macroxyela ferruginea (Say, 1824) have been included as outgroup. See Material and Methods for details. Bootstrap values above 50 % are shown next to the concerning nodes. The labels of the individual specimens consist of species name, voucher number (for Megaxyela identical with the DEI-GISHym numbers used in the text, for Macroxyela GenBank accession number), sex (♀ for females, ♂ for males) or larva, country and province of origin, and sequence length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1042669/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). This observation is paralleled by different coloration of the adults corresponding with the
<typeStatus id="54D78856FFC4FF85FE8CF8E7FEB3F8A8" box="[292,343,1792,1818]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
material and the descriptions of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC4FF85FD70F8E7FC89F8AB" authorityName="Ross" authorityYear="1936" box="[728,877,1791,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langstoni">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FD70F8E7FC89F8AB" box="[728,877,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. langstoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC4FF85FC0FF8E7FBF0F8AB" authorityName="Det. D. Burdick" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[935,1044,1792,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FC0FF8E7FBF0F8AB" box="[935,1044,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Specimen 30796 agrees with
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC4FF85FF15F8C3FEB6F88F" authorityName="Ross" authorityYear="1936" box="[189,338,1827,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langstoni">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FF15F8C3FEB6F88F" box="[189,338,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. langstoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the predominantly red brown terga and the basally black pterostigma (
<figureCitation id="13572A71FFC4FF85FB17F8C4FAFBF88F" box="[1215,1311,1827,1853]" captionStart="Fig. 7" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,500,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[189,1399,500,1817]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 7. A – F. Megaxyela langstoni Ross, 1936, ♀ (A – C = holotype, DEI-GISHym 30821, INHS; D – F = 30822, USNM). G – K. M. major (Cresson, 1880), ♂, paratype (30823, ANSP). A – B. ♀, holotype, habitus dorsal / lateroventral. C. ♀, holotype, head frontal. D – E. ♀, metatarsus, lateral / ventral. F. ♀, abdomen lateroventral. G – H. Habitus dorsal / lateroventral. I. Head frontal. J – K. Metatarsus lateral / ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1042679/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
), while the specimens 30767 + 30797 agree with
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC4FF85FD1AF8AFFCC5F8D3" authorityName="Det. D. Burdick" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[690,801,1864,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FD1AF8AFFCC5F8D3" box="[690,801,1864,1889]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the dorsally predominantly black terga and the unicolorous yellow pterostigma (
<figureCitation id="13572A71FFC4FF85FDE9F88CFD7BF837" box="[577,671,1899,1925]" captionStart="Fig. 7" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,500,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[189,1399,500,1817]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 7. A – F. Megaxyela langstoni Ross, 1936, ♀ (A – C = holotype, DEI-GISHym 30821, INHS; D – F = 30822, USNM). G – K. M. major (Cresson, 1880), ♂, paratype (30823, ANSP). A – B. ♀, holotype, habitus dorsal / lateroventral. C. ♀, holotype, head frontal. D – E. ♀, metatarsus, lateral / ventral. F. ♀, abdomen lateroventral. G – H. Habitus dorsal / lateroventral. I. Head frontal. J – K. Metatarsus lateral / ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1042679/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 7G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C376657FFFC4FF87FF15F84AFC46FEFB" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC4FF87FF15F84AFC46FEFB" blockId="21.[189,1399,1965,2028]" lastBlockId="23.[189,1398,267,329]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Several specimens included in the
<typeStatus id="54D78856FFC4FF85FDC7F84AFD46F875" box="[623,674,1965,1991]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
series of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC4FF85FC8BF849FC59F875" authorityName="Ross" authorityYear="1936" box="[803,957,1965,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langstoni">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FC8BF849FC59F875" box="[803,957,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. langstoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were reared from the pecan
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FA85F84AFEA8F859" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC4FF85FA85F84AFA92F875" authorityName="Nuttall" authorityYear="1818" box="[1325,1398,1965,1991]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Carya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Carya</taxonomicName>
illinoinensis
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFC4FF85FEF5F836FE3BF85E" author="Ross H. H." box="[349,479,2001,2028]" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="131 – 132" part="47" refString="Ross H. H. 1936. A new pecan sawfly, Megaxyela langstoni n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae). Entomological News 47: 131 - 132." title="A new pecan sawfly, Megaxyela langstoni n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae)." type="book" year="1936">Ross 1936</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFC4FF85FE5DF836FD60F85E" author="Ross H. H." box="[501,644,2001,2028]" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="131 – 132" part="47" refString="Ross H. H. 1936. A new pecan sawfly, Megaxyela langstoni n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae). Entomological News 47: 131 - 132." title="A new pecan sawfly, Megaxyela langstoni n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae)." type="book" year="1936">Ross (1936)</bibRefCitation>
also referred to the descriptions of larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC4FF85FB37F835FAE9F859" authorityName="Det. D. Burdick" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[1183,1293,2002,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC4FF85FB37F835FAE9F859" box="[1183,1293,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFC4FF86FA94F836FEFDFE94" author="Dyar H. G." journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="173 - 176" part="30" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent30173-7" refString="Dyar H. G. 1898 b. Notes on some sawfly larvae, especially the Xyelidae. Canadian Entomologist 30: 173 - 176 [July 1898]. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 30173 - 7" title="Notes on some sawfly larvae, especially the Xyelidae" type="journal article" year="1898" yearSuffix="b">Dyar (1898b)</bibRefCitation>
and Yuasa (1923). Dyar described the larvae as “gregarious on the young leaves of hickory” [=
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC7FF86FF48FEC8FECDFEFB" authorityName="Nuttall" authorityYear="1818" box="[224,297,303,329]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Carya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC7FF86FF48FEC8FECDFEFB" box="[224,297,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Carya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spec.]. Yuasa (1923) noted “on hickory and pecan”. If the association of larvae described by Yuasa as “
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC7FF86FE92FEB5FE5FFEDE" authorityName="Ashmead in Dyar" authorityYear="1898" box="[314,443,338,364]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC7FF86FE92FEB5FE5FFEDE" box="[314,443,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Megaxyela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1” with
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC7FF86FDF8FEB4FD5AFEDE" authorityName="Det. D. Burdick" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[592,702,339,364]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC7FF86FDF8FEB4FD5AFEDE" box="[592,702,339,364]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by J.M. Langston and H.H. Ross is correct,
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC7FF86FB7DFEB4FAA0FEDE" authorityName="Det. D. Burdick" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[1237,1348,339,364]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC7FF86FB7DFEB4FAA0FEDE" box="[1237,1348,339,364]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a “solitary feeder on pecan and some other hickories” (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFC7FF86FCE9FE92FC20FE22" author="Ross H. H." box="[833,964,373,400]" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="131 – 132" part="47" refString="Ross H. H. 1936. A new pecan sawfly, Megaxyela langstoni n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae). Entomological News 47: 131 - 132." title="A new pecan sawfly, Megaxyela langstoni n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae)." type="book" year="1936">Ross 1936</bibRefCitation>
). Citing
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC7FF86FB86FE91FB79FE3D" authorityName="Det. D. Burdick" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[1070,1181,374,399]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC7FF86FB86FE91FB79FE3D" box="[1070,1181,374,399]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC7FF86FB07FE91FAA1FE3D" authorityName="Ross" authorityYear="1936" box="[1199,1349,373,399]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langstoni">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC7FF86FB07FE91FAA1FE3D" box="[1199,1349,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. langstoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been listed as a pest of pecan in
<collectingRegion id="49A8F816FFC7FF86FDE3FE7EFD76FE01" box="[587,658,409,435]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Texas</collectingRegion>
, but “in most cases sawfly damage is just ‘visual discomfort’ where the larvae have damaged some of the new foliage” (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFC6FF87FC2AFEECFC1DFE97" author="Ree B." box="[898,1017,267,293]" journalOrPublisher="Texas Pecan Pest Management Newsletter 12" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 3" part="1" refString="Ree B. 2012. Insects. Texas Pecan Pest Management Newsletter 12 (1): [1 - 3]." title="Insects" type="journal article" year="2012">Ree 2012</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFC6FF87FBAFFEECFBA3FE97" author="Cresswell S." box="[1031,1095,267,293]" journalOrPublisher="Megaxyela tricolor. Available from BugGuide, http: // bugguide. net / node / view / 908657 [accessed" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="2016" part="20" refString="Cresswell S. 2014. April Unknown - Megaxyela tricolor. Available from BugGuide, http: // bugguide. net / node / view / 908657 [accessed 20 Jul. 2016]." title="April Unknown" type="journal article" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
). Significant defoliations, which might justify a treatment, obviously are rare (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFC6FF87FCB7FEC8FC72FEFB" author="Ree B." box="[799,918,302,329]" journalOrPublisher="Texas Pecan Pest Management Newsletter" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 – 3" part="16" publicationUrl="http://presidio.agrilife.org/files/2011/08/Texas-Pecan-Pest-Management-Newsletter-March-31-2016.pdf" refString="Ree B. 2016: Insects. Texas Pecan Pest Management Newsletter 16 (2): [1 - 3]. Available from http: //presidio. agrilife. org / files / 2011 / 08 / Texas-Pecan-Pest-Management-Newsletter-March- 31 - 2016. pdf [accessed 13 Jul. 2017]." title="Insects" type="journal article" year="2016">Ree 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF13667CFFC7FF86FF15F8A6FEF2F85A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1042679/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" targetBox="[189,1399,500,1816]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC7FF86FF15F8A6FEF2F85A" blockId="22.[189,1399,1857,2024]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC7FF86FF15F8A6FEA2F8E9" bold="true" box="[189,326,1857,1884]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 7. A–F</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC7FF86FEFDF8A5FD32F8E9" authority="Ross, 1936" authorityName="Ross" authorityYear="1936" box="[341,726,1857,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langstoni">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC7FF86FEFDF8A5FDAEF8EE" box="[341,586,1858,1884]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Megaxyela langstoni</emphasis>
Ross, 1936
</taxonomicName>
, ♀ (A–C = holotype, DEI-GISHym 30821, INHS; D–F = 30822, USNM).
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC7FF86FE24F882FE2CF8CD" bold="true" box="[396,456,1893,1919]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">G–K</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC7FF86FE73F881FCF9F8CD" authority="(Cresson, 1880)" authorityName="Det. D. Burdick" authorityYear="1880" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[475,797,1893,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC7FF86FE73F881FDA9F8CD" box="[475,589,1894,1919]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. major</emphasis>
(Cresson, 1880)
</taxonomicName>
, ♂, paratype (30823, ANSP).
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC7FF86FB3CF882FB28F8CD" bold="true" box="[1172,1228,1893,1919]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A–B</emphasis>
. ♀, holotype, habitus dorsal/lateroventral.
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC7FF86FDBCF86FFDCDF810" bold="true" box="[532,553,1928,1954]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C</emphasis>
. ♀, holotype, head frontal.
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC7FF86FCD7F86FFC52F810" bold="true" box="[895,950,1928,1954]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">D–E</emphasis>
. ♀, metatarsus, lateral/ventral.
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC7FF86FA9DF86FFAA3F810" bold="true" box="[1333,1351,1928,1954]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">F</emphasis>
. ♀, abdomen lateroventral.
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC7FF86FE73F84CFDFCF877" bold="true" box="[475,536,1963,1989]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">G–H</emphasis>
. Habitus dorsal/lateroventral.
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC7FF86FC20F84CFC77F877" bold="true" box="[904,915,1963,1989]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">I</emphasis>
. Head frontal.
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC7FF86FBFAF84CFB61F877" bold="true" box="[1106,1157,1963,1989]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">J–K</emphasis>
. Metatarsus lateral/ ventral.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C376657FFFC6FF87FF15FE8BFCEFFCBB" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFC6FF87FF15FE8BFCEFFCBB" blockId="23.[189,1399,364,778]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFC6FF87FF15FE8BFE26FE34" author="Smith D. R. &amp; Schiff N. M." box="[189,450,364,390]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="636 - 657" part="100" refString="Smith D. R. &amp; Schiff N. M. 1998. The genera Macroxyela Kirby and Megaxyela Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae) in North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 100: 636 - 657." title="The genera Macroxyela Kirby and Megaxyela Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae) in North America" type="journal article" year="1998">Smith &amp; Schiff (1998)</bibRefCitation>
recorded
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC6FF87FD9CFE8BFCE5FE34" authorityName="Det. D. Burdick" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[564,769,364,390]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC6FF87FD9CFE8BFCE5FE34" box="[564,769,364,390]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Megaxyela major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 14 states of the eastern US. Collection data from Mississippi completely refer to
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC6FF87FD94FE77FD37FE1B" authorityName="Ross" authorityYear="1936" box="[572,723,399,425]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langstoni">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC6FF87FD94FE77FD37FE1B" box="[572,723,399,425]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. langstoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(type material and additional specimens). We identified additional material from Oklahoma and Texas. For the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC6FF87FBA6FE54FB9AFE7E" authorityName="Det. D. Burdick" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[1038,1150,435,460]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC6FF87FBA6FE54FB9AFE7E" box="[1038,1150,435,460]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we confirm Kansas (holotype of
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC6FF87FEFAFE31FD8BFE42" box="[338,623,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Odontophyes ferruginea</emphasis>
), Texas (lectotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC6FF87FCC1FE31FC1CFE42" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1880" box="[873,1016,470,496]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC6FF87FCC1FE31FC1CFE42" box="[873,1016,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Xyela major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and, upon additional specimens studied, also Oklahoma and Pennsylvania. Adults from Florida, Iowa, Missouri, New York and South Carolina need to be re-identified. The state records for Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Tennessee and Virginia are based on larvae solely. Since the larvae of four of seven Nearctic
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC6FF87FBE7FDD8FB34FDEB" authorityName="Ashmead in Dyar" authorityYear="1898" box="[1103,1232,575,601]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC6FF87FBE7FDD8FB34FDEB" box="[1103,1232,575,601]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Megaxyela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are unknown, and
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC6FF87FF45FD84FE8AFDCF" authorityName="Ashmead in Dyar" authorityYear="1898" box="[237,366,611,637]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC6FF87FF45FD84FE8AFDCF" box="[237,366,611,637]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Megaxyela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae generally display only vague specific differences according to our experience with East Asian taxa, these records require scrutiny.
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFC6FF87FD49FD61FC8AFD13" author="Ross H. H." box="[737,878,646,673]" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="131 – 132" part="47" refString="Ross H. H. 1936. A new pecan sawfly, Megaxyela langstoni n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae). Entomological News 47: 131 - 132." title="A new pecan sawfly, Megaxyela langstoni n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae)." type="book" year="1936">Ross (1936)</bibRefCitation>
discriminated the larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC6FF87FB1AFD60FAA1FD12" authorityName="Ross" authorityYear="1936" box="[1202,1349,646,672]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langstoni">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC6FF87FB1AFD60FAA1FD12" box="[1202,1349,646,672]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. langstoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC6FF87FF15FD4DFEC8FD71" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1880" box="[189,300,682,707]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Xyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC6FF87FF15FD4DFEC8FD71" box="[189,300,682,707]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of a single large dark area vs pairs of black spots on the pronotum and the penultimate abdominal segment. But these character states might also apply to those Nearctic species of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFC6FF87FF15FD08FEDAFCBB" authorityName="Ashmead in Dyar" authorityYear="1898" box="[189,318,751,777]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Megaxyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFC6FF87FF15FD08FEDAFCBB" box="[189,318,751,777]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Megaxyela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for which the larvae are still unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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