treatments-xml/data/03/C5/87/03C587A5FF95F926FF3BF8AC6551FCE1.xml

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<mods:title id="3B16412FE5912F11DAE842F91DC4B9B1">Bathyal Mollusca from the cold-water coral biotope of Santa Maria di Leuca (Apulian margin, southern Italy)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03C587A5FF95F926FF3BF8AC6551FCE1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6082336" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124624166" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6082336" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C587A5FF95F926FF3BF8AC6551FCE1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587A5FF95F926FF3BF8AC6551FCE1" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<subSubSection id="C3766538FF95F924FF3BF8AC6767F84E" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD336B3FF95F924FF3BF8AC645AF8AF" blockId="81.[151,559,1868,1927]" box="[151,559,1868,1894]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<heading id="D09B81DFFF95F924FF3BF8AC645AF8AF" bold="true" box="[151,559,1868,1894]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D30FF95F924FF3BF8AC645AF8AF" authority="Wood S., 1839" authorityName="Wood S." authorityYear="1839" box="[151,559,1868,1894]" class="Gastropoda" family="Philinidae" genus="Philine" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quadrata">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF95F924FF3BF8AC645AF8AF" bold="true" box="[151,559,1868,1894]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF95F924FF3BF8AC6716F8AF" bold="true" box="[151,355,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Philine quadrata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FF95F924FEDEF8AC6452F8AF" author="Wood" box="[370,551,1868,1894]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refString="Wood, S. V. (1839) On the fossil shells of the Crag. The Magazine of Natural History, 3, 460 - 465." type="journal article" year="1839">Wood S., 1839</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336B3FF95F924FF3BF88E6767F84E" blockId="81.[151,559,1868,1927]" box="[151,274,1902,1927]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<figureCitation id="13572A36FF95F924FF3BF88E6693F84E" box="[151,230,1902,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 19. a – b" captionStartId="82.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[238,1348,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@82.[238,1348,193,1798]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURE 19. a – b: Ringicula sp., sample BC 72, scale bars: 0.5 mm (a), 0.1 mm (b, protoconch); c – d: Diaphana globosa (Lovén, 1846), sample BC 05, scale bars: 1 mm (c), 0.2 mm (d, protoconch); e – f: Diaphana cf. lactea (Jeffreys, 1877), sample BC 05, scale bars: 1 mm (e), 0.2 mm (f, protoconch); g – j: Philine quadrata (Wood, 1839), samples BC 72 (g – h) and BC 05 (i – j), scale bars: 2 mm (g – h), 0.2 mm (i – j, protoconch); k – n: Philine scabra (Müller, 1784), sample BC 72, scale bars: 2 mm (k), 0.5 mm (l, juvenile), 0.2 mm (m – n, protoconch); o – q: Roxania monterosatoi Dautzenberg &amp; Fischer, 1896, samples BC 67 (o) and BC 72 (p – q), scale bars: 1 mm (o), 0.5 mm (p, juvenile), 0.2 mm (q, protoconch)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268076/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
Fig. 
<quantity id="4C949B56FF95F924FF66F88F6693F84E" box="[202,230,1903,1927]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.9" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="g" value="19.0">19</quantity>
</figureCitation>
g–j
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3766538FF95F926FF3BF85666ADFE09" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD336B3FF95F924FF3BF85664D0F805" blockId="81.[151,1041,1974,2027]" box="[151,677,1974,1996]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D30FF95F924FF3BF85667B8F805" authority="Wood S., 1839" authorityName="Wood S." authorityYear="1839" box="[151,461,1974,1996]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bullidae" genus="Bulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quadrata">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF95F924FF3BF8566744F805" box="[151,305,1974,1996]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Bulla quadrata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FF95F924FE9BF85667B8F805" author="Wood" box="[311,461,1974,1996]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refString="Wood, S. V. (1839) On the fossil shells of the Crag. The Magazine of Natural History, 3, 460 - 465." type="journal article" year="1839">Wood S., 1839</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(p. 461, pl. 7, fig. 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336B3FF95F924FF3BF8366264F822" blockId="81.[151,1041,1974,2027]" box="[151,1041,2005,2027]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D30FF95F924FF3BF8366420F822" authority="S. Wood, 1839" authorityName="S. Wood" authorityYear="1839" box="[151,597,2005,2027]" class="Gastropoda" family="Philinidae" genus="Laona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quadrata" subGenus="Ossiania">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF95F924FF3BF83666ADF822" box="[151,216,2006,2027]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Laona</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF95F924FF4AF8366735F822" box="[230,320,2006,2027]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Ossiania</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF95F924FEE3F83567D9F822" box="[335,428,2005,2027]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">quadrata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FF95F924FE17F835643BF822" author="Wood" box="[443,590,2005,2027]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refString="Wood, S. V. (1839) On the fossil shells of the Crag. The Magazine of Natural History, 3, 460 - 465." type="journal article" year="1839">S. Wood, 1839</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FF95F924FDC3F8356561F822" author="Nordsieck" box="[623,788,2005,2027]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refString="Nordsieck, F. (1972) Die europaischen Meeresschnecken (Opisthobranchia mit Pyramidellidae; Rissoacea) vom Eismeer bis Kapverden, Mittelmeer und Schwarzes Meer. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, XIII + 327 pp." type="book" year="1972">Nordsieck 1972</bibRefCitation>
(p. 22, pl. O III, fig. 12).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF13663BFF96F927FF3BF8FC65BFF802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268076/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" targetBox="[238,1348,193,1797]" targetPageId="82">
<paragraph id="8BD336B3FF96F927FF3BF8FC65BFF802" blockId="82.[151,1436,1820,1995]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF96F927FF3BF8FC6726F8FB" bold="true" box="[151,339,1820,1842]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">FIGURE 19. a–b</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D30FF96F927FEC9F8FC67BDF8FB" ID-CoL="7PFTM" box="[357,456,1820,1842]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ringiculidae" genus="Ringicula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ellobiida" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF96F927FEC9F8FC67BDF8FB" box="[357,456,1820,1842]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Ringicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., sample BC72, scale bars: 0.5 mm (a), 0.1 mm (b, protoconch); 
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF96F927FB09F8FC62B9F8FB" bold="true" box="[1189,1228,1820,1842]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">c–d</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D30FF96F927FB70F8FC675FF899" ID-CoL="35BH9" authority="Loven, 1846" authorityName="Loven" authorityYear="1846" class="Gastropoda" family="Diaphanidae" genus="Diaphana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="globosa">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF96F927FB70F8FC6334F8FB" box="[1244,1345,1820,1842]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Diaphana</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF96F927FAE0F8FC63E9F8FB" box="[1356,1436,1820,1842]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">globosa</emphasis>
(Lovén, 1846)
</taxonomicName>
, sample BC05, scale bars: 1 mm (c), 0.2 mm (d, protoconch); 
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF96F927FC0BF8DA65BDF899" bold="true" box="[935,968,1850,1872]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">e–f</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D30FF96F927FC79F8DA633FF899" ID-CoL="35BHG" authority="Jeffreys, 1877" authorityName="Jeffreys" authorityYear="1877" box="[981,1354,1850,1872]" class="Gastropoda" family="Diaphanidae" genus="Diaphana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lactea">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF96F927FC79F8DA624FF899" box="[981,1082,1850,1872]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Diaphana</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF96F927FBCEF8DA62D5F899" box="[1122,1184,1850,1872]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">lactea</emphasis>
(Jeffreys, 1877)
</taxonomicName>
, sample BC05, scale bars: 1 mm (e), 0.2 mm (f, protoconch); 
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF96F927FD03F8B964A5F8A6" bold="true" box="[687,720,1881,1903]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">g–j</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D30FF96F927FD72F8B9626BF8A6" authority="Wood, 1839" authorityName="Wood" authorityYear="1839" box="[734,1054,1881,1903]" class="Gastropoda" family="Philinidae" genus="Philine" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quadrata">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF96F927FD72F8B96552F8A6" box="[734,807,1881,1903]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Philine</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF96F927FC81F8B965FFF8A6" box="[813,906,1881,1903]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">quadrata</emphasis>
(Wood, 1839)
</taxonomicName>
, samples BC72 (g–h) and BC05 (i–j), scale bars: 2 mm (g–h), 0.2 mm (i–j, protoconch); 
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF96F927FD34F89864B4F847" bold="true" box="[664,705,1912,1934]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">k–n</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D30FF96F927FD62F898658AF847" ID-CoL="779XV" authority="Muller, 1784" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1784" box="[718,1023,1912,1934]" class="Gastropoda" family="Philinidae" genus="Philine" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scabra">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF96F927FD62F8986562F847" box="[718,791,1912,1934]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Philine</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF96F927FCB2F8986516F847" box="[798,867,1912,1934]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">scabra</emphasis>
(Müller, 1784)
</taxonomicName>
, sample BC72, scale bars: 2 mm (k), 0.5 mm (l, juvenile), 0.2 mm (m–n, protoconch); 
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF96F927FDCAF87664FBF865" bold="true" box="[614,654,1942,1964]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">o–q</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D30FF96F927FD30F87862DAF865" authority="Dautzenberg &amp; Fischer, 1896" authorityName="Dautzenberg &amp; Fischer" authorityYear="1896" box="[668,1199,1942,1965]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Roxania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monterosatoi">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF96F927FD30F8786485F864" box="[668,752,1944,1965]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Roxania</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF96F927FD5AF878650EF864" box="[758,891,1944,1965]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">monterosatoi</emphasis>
Dautzenberg &amp; Fischer, 1896
</taxonomicName>
, samples BC67 (o) and BC72 (p–q), scale bars: 1 mm (o), 0.5 mm (p, juvenile), 0.2 mm (q, protoconch).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD336B3FF97F926FF3BFF786591FF05" blockId="83.[151,1374,152,235]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D30FF97F926FF3BFF7867A7FF67" authority="Wood, 1839" authorityName="Wood" authorityYear="1839" box="[151,466,152,174]" class="Gastropoda" family="Philinidae" genus="Philine" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quadrata">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF97F926FF3BFF786736FF67" box="[151,323,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Philine quadrata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FF97F926FEFCFF7867BEFF67" author="Wood" box="[336,459,152,174]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refString="Wood, S. V. (1839) On the fossil shells of the Crag. The Magazine of Natural History, 3, 460 - 465." type="journal article" year="1839">Wood, 1839</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FF97F926FE40FF78648CFF67" author="Thompson" box="[492,761,152,174]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refString="Thompson, T. E. &amp; Brown, G. H. (1976) British Opisthobranch Molluscs. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series). Academic Press, London, New York, San Francisco, 203 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / iroh. 19780630329" type="book" year="1976">Thompson &amp; Brown 1976</bibRefCitation>
(p. 34, figs. 13O–Q); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FF97F926FC76FF7862A3FF67" author="Thomsen" box="[986,1238,152,174]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refString="Thomsen, E. &amp; Vorren, T. O. (1986) Macrofaunal palaeoecology and stratigraphy in Late Quaternary shelf sediments off Northern Norway. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 56, 103 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / 0031 - 0182 (86) 90110 - 0" type="journal article" year="1986">Thomsen &amp; Vorren 1986</bibRefCitation>
(pl. 1, fig. I). 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D30FF97F926FF3BFF566798FF05" authority="S. Wood, 1839" authorityName="S. Wood" authorityYear="1839" box="[151,493,182,204]" class="Gastropoda" family="Philinidae" genus="Philine" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quadrata">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF97F926FF3BFF566736FF05" box="[151,323,182,204]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Philine quadrata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FF97F926FEFEFF566793FF05" author="Wood" box="[338,486,182,204]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refString="Wood, S. V. (1839) On the fossil shells of the Crag. The Magazine of Natural History, 3, 460 - 465." type="journal article" year="1839">S. Wood, 1839</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FF97F926FDA4FF56648AFF05" author="Biondi" box="[520,767,182,204]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refString="Biondi, F. &amp; Di Paco, G. (1981) Molluschi poco conosciuti dell'arcipelago toscano. Bollettino Malacologico, 17 (11 - 12), 271 - 280." type="journal article" year="1981">Biondi &amp; Di Paco, 1981</bibRefCitation>
(p. 274, pl. 2, fig. 15).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336B3FF97F926FF3BFF356372FF22" blockId="83.[151,1374,152,235]" box="[151,1287,213,235]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D30FF97F926FF3BFF356798FF22" authority="Wood S., 1839" authorityName="Wood S." authorityYear="1839" box="[151,493,213,235]" class="Gastropoda" family="Philinidae" genus="Philine" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quadrata">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF97F926FF3BFF356736FF22" box="[151,323,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Philine quadrata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FF97F926FEFCFF356793FF22" author="Wood" box="[336,486,213,235]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refString="Wood, S. V. (1839) On the fossil shells of the Crag. The Magazine of Natural History, 3, 460 - 465." type="journal article" year="1839">Wood S., 1839</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FF97F926FDABFF3564EBFF22" author="Campani" box="[519,670,213,235]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refString="Campani, E. (2004) La Famiglia Philinidae Gray, 1850 in Mediterraneo. Documenti del Gruppo Malacologico Livornese (internal publication), 9 pp." type="book" year="2004">Campani 2004</bibRefCitation>
(p. 7, middle fig.); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FF97F926FCCFFF366250FF22" author="Repetto" box="[867,1061,213,235]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refString="Repetto, G., Orlando, F. &amp; Arduino, G. (2005) Conchiglie del Mediterraneo: 1770 specie illustrate con distribuzione e frequenza. Amici del Museo &quot; Federico Eusebio &quot;, Alba, 392 pp." type="book" year="2005">
Repetto 
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF97F926FC15FF366599FF22" box="[953,1004,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
(p. 264, mid left fig.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336B3FF97F926FF3BFEF766ADFE09" blockId="83.[151,1436,279,808]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF97F926FF3BFEF767EFFEF9" bold="true" box="[151,410,279,304]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Diagnostic characters</emphasis>
. Roundly quadrangular shell in apertural view; slightly sunken spire; very large trapezoidal aperture; broadly arched columellar lip; sharp outer lip margin; densely spaced thin spiral rows of shallow, oval pits, sometimes linked to one another in a chain-like pattern. Protoconch: heterostrophic, tightly coiled; slightly more than 2 whorls; diameter about 620 µm; surface smooth; transition to the teleoconch marked by a very narrow varix.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3766538FF97F926FF6BFE2C67C5FDBD" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD336B3FF97F926FF6BFE2C65D0FDE4" blockId="83.[151,1436,279,808]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF97F926FF6BFE2C6741FE2C" bold="true" box="[199,308,460,485]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Remarks</emphasis>
. The similar 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D30FF97F926FE61FE2C65FDFE2D" authority="Monterosato, 1874" authorityName="Monterosato" authorityYear="1874" box="[461,904,460,485]" class="Gastropoda" family="Philinidae" genus="Philine" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monterosati">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF97F926FE61FE2C64DEFE2D" box="[461,683,460,485]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Philine monterosati</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FF97F926FD1FFE2D65FDFE2D" author="Monterosato" box="[691,904,460,484]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refString="Monterosato, T. A. di (1874) Recherches conchyliologiques, effectuees au Cap Santo Vito, en Sicile. Journal de Conchyliologie, 22 (3), 243 - 282, 22 (4), 359 - 364." type="journal article" year="1874">Monterosato, 1874</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is sometimes regarded as a junior synonym of Wood’s taxon (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FF97F926FEDFFE0F6431FDC1" author="Cachia" box="[371,580,495,520]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refString="Cachia, C., Mifsud, C. &amp; Sammut, P. (2001) The Marine Mollusca of the Maltese Islands (Part Three: Sub-class Prosobranchia to sub-class Pulmonata, Order Basommatophora). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 256 pp." type="book" year="2001">
Cachia 
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF97F926FE64FE116474FDC1" box="[456,513,495,520]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al.</emphasis>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
); however, it differs in having a more rounded outline and a finer sculpture, in which the pits are coalescent and form undulating shallow furrows.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336B3FF97F926FF6BFDD767C5FDBD" blockId="83.[151,1436,279,808]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF97F926FF6BFDD76726FD99" bold="true" box="[199,339,567,592]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Occurrence</emphasis>
. Box-corer samples BC05 (1 specimen), BC66 (1), BC67 (1), BC71 (1), BC72 (4); core BC72 (3). Maximum height: 
<quantity id="4C949B56FF97F926FECBFDBC67DEFDBD" box="[359,427,604,628]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3766538FF97F926FF6BFD9F6551FCE1" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD336B3FF97F926FF6BFD9F64EFFCCD" blockId="83.[151,1436,279,808]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF97F926FF6BFD9F679CFD51" bold="true" box="[199,489,639,664]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D30FF97F926FE5AFD9F64C6FD51" box="[502,691,639,664]" class="Gastropoda" family="Philinidae" genus="Philine" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quadrata">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF97F926FE5AFD9F64C6FD51" box="[502,691,639,664]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Philine quadrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distributed from 
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, 
<collectingCountry id="F37B7623FF97F926FBBCFD9F6210FD51" box="[1040,1125,639,664]" name="Iceland" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Iceland</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F37B7623FF97F926FBDCFD6062BFFD51" box="[1136,1226,640,664]" name="Norway" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Norway</collectingCountry>
and the White Sea to the Mediterranean, the 
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and S. Helena, reaching New 
<collectingCountry id="F37B7623FF97F926FCF4FD4465C0FD74" box="[856,949,676,701]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">England</collectingCountry>
on the western Atlantic coast. It is found in the 
<quantity id="4C949B56FF97F926FF6CFD276735FD16" box="[192,320,711,736]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0925" metricValueMax="2.15" metricValueMin="0.034999999999999996" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="1092.5" valueMax="2150.0" valueMin="35.0">35–2150 m</quantity>
depth interval on sand and shell gravel (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FF97F926FCA6FD276242FD29" author="Thompson" box="[778,1079,711,736]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refString="Thompson, T. E. &amp; Brown, G. H. (1976) British Opisthobranch Molluscs. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series). Academic Press, London, New York, San Francisco, 203 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / iroh. 19780630329" type="book" year="1976">Thompson &amp; Brown 1976</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FF97F926FBEFFD276325FD29" author="Biondi" box="[1091,1360,711,736]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refString="Biondi, F. &amp; Di Paco, G. (1981) Molluschi poco conosciuti dell'arcipelago toscano. Bollettino Malacologico, 17 (11 - 12), 271 - 280." type="journal article" year="1981">Biondi &amp; Di Paco 1981</bibRefCitation>
; Buhl- 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FF97F926FF3BFD0D67ACFCCD" author="Mortensen" box="[151,473,748,773]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refString="Buhl-Mortensen, L. &amp; Hoisaeter, T. (1993) Mollusc fauna along an offshore-fjord gradient. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 97, 209 - 224. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3354 / meps 097209" type="journal article" year="1993">Mortensen &amp; Høisaeter 1993</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FF97F926FE49FD0C64FBFCCD" author="Hoisaeter" box="[485,654,748,773]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refString="Hoisaeter, T. (2009) Distribution of marine, benthic, shell bearing gastropods along the Norwegian coast. Fauna norvegica, 28, 5 - 106." type="journal article" year="2009">Høisaeter 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336B3FF97F926FF6BFCEF6551FCE1" blockId="83.[151,1436,279,808]" box="[199,804,783,808]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<materialsCitation id="3B043CEEFF97F926FF6BFCEF6551FCE1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324948131" box="[199,804,783,808]" location="Sicily" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sicily">
<emphasis id="B918EAA1FF97F926FF6BFCEF671DFCE1" bold="true" box="[199,360,783,808]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fossil record.</emphasis>
Pliocene of 
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(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B42FF97F926FDE9FCF06562FCE1" author="Monterosato" box="[581,791,784,808]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refString="Monterosato, T. A. di (1872) Notizie intorno alle conchiglie fossili di Monte Pellegrino e Ficarazzi. Ufficio Tipografico Michele Amenta, Palermo, 44 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 50743" type="book" year="1872">Monterosato 1872</bibRefCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>