198 lines
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198 lines
22 KiB
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<mods:title id="3BAC86BF9D6F80EB6DA6412DA6B5AC43">The bats of the Congo and of Rwanda and Burundi revisited (Mammalia: Chiroptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0D8795A4B37C5C9A18F18B36BA59971A">Cakenberghe, Victor Van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DBDC41EE0C1568A1DD5CBAE5C1212867">University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Functional Morphology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein, 1, B- 2610 Antwerpen (Wilrijk), Belgium. & AfricanBats NPC, 357 Botha Ave, Kloofsig, 0157, Republic of South Africa. & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 9 A 0 E 1 AF 5 - C 248 - 4648 - 9 D 64 - 443112890346 & Corresponding author: Victor. VanCakenberghe @ uantwerpen. be</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7083E36B8535E1DC26BFB3D73F1D938C">Tungaluna, Guy-Crispin Gembu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="605A1D513F7B76D207682E41EF7A1FF7">Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo. & Email: gembuguycrispin @ gmail. com & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 2 AE 2 F 96 F-A 138 - 419 B-B 650 - 6 DB 44 D 535 D 14 & Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo. & Email: prescottmusaba @ yahoo. fr & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 4 C 40421 C- 1 D 84 - 4 BD 1 - A 444 - 360300 ECBEEC</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F1E091A6E0A02820C0F46AEDE37CD29F" type="email">gembuguycrispin@gmail.com&prescottmusaba@yahoo.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="4E88E03C9BC6B32A44A7533455CBB326">Akawa, Prescott Musaba</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="469F5B30A0AA8AA9F3828ECBF3D9C074">Seamark, Ernest</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B53B262182B2E6F470E7C86EBCF88819">AfricanBats NPC, 357 Botha Ave, Kloofsig, 0157, Republic of South Africa. & Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X 20 Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, Republic of South Africa. & Email: ernest. seamark @ africanbats. org & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: B 60 CA 9 A 1 - D 288 - 468 E-AEEB-D 0 F 136 E 96 F 5 B</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="51B74E397361A74F9B113E4BB3FFEE52" type="email">ernest.seamark@africanbats.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="180EAF28A8F5441EC86B61983CF09E10">Verheyen, Erik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="ACB6DE8FAF747B201213EF0556528185">Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences - OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium. & University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, B- 2610 Antwerpen (Wilrijk), Belgium. & Email: erik. verheyen @ naturalsciences. be & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 86 B 40463 - E 3 D 9 - 4147 - 9 ED 3 - D 7302 E 0 D 64 B 6</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FA000F1E4D21666B0BE0516509A4D398" type="email">erik.verheyen@naturalsciences.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="B63DF0A997AB34C8E22A4B8A956774BF">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B101FD80FFA97D0DEC2216CC8FDB2684">
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<mods:date id="0C994C973DD811E19A1B10FB91469A0A">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5DCBEF4063961108F43419DFD7A0E27B">2017-12-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3E931AC2C8496D2004D65C867339CC53">382</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="55801A87933DDE7BC862D7469DE65F1D" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2017.382</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CEAFCA8F0EBB662E739DDD02B2014CF9" type="ISSN">2118-9773</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0389878798055A07D854FE7AD1A4FB45" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3861715" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164362542" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3861715" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0389878798055A07D854FE7AD1A4FB45" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0389878798055A07D854FE7AD1A4FB45" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<subSubSection id="C33A651A98055A07D854FE7AD1EBFDEC" box="[565,1022,496,524]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9F369198055A07D854FE7AD1EBFDEC" blockId="25.[565,1022,496,558]" box="[565,1022,496,524]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<heading id="D0D781FD98055A07D854FE7AD1EBFDEC" box="[565,1022,496,524]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298055A07D854FE7AD1EBFDEC" ID-CoL="7WXBQ" authority="(Thomas, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[565,1022,496,524]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Stenonycteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanosus">
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<emphasis id="B954EA8398055A07D854FE7AD129FDEB" bold="true" box="[565,828,496,523]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Stenonycteris lanosus</emphasis>
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(Thomas, 1906)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33A651A98055A07D8B5FD9FD14AFDCE" box="[724,863,532,558]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9F369198055A07D8B5FD9FD14AFDCE" blockId="25.[565,1022,496,558]" box="[724,863,532,558]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<figureCitation id="131B2A1498055A07D8B5FD9FD133FDCE" box="[724,806,532,558]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,307,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[225,1363,299,1888]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 10. Distribution maps. A–B. Stenonycteris lanosus Thomas, 1906. C–D. Asellia tridens (E. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, 1813). E–F. Doryrhina cyclops (Temminck, 1853). A, C, E. Distribution in the CRB area. B, D, F. Pan-African distribution." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860105/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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A–B
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33A651A98055A07DADCFDC4D11BFD6B" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9F369198055A07DADCFDC4D097FD88" blockId="25.[189,782,590,652]" box="[189,642,590,616]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3011BF98055A07DADCFDC4D097FD88" box="[189,642,590,616]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A81108098055A07DADCFDC4D097FD88" box="[189,642,590,616]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298055A07DADCFDC4D06BFD88" ID-CoL="7WRGV" authority="Thomas, 1906: 137" authorityName="Thomas" authorityPageNumber="137" authorityYear="1906" box="[189,638,590,616]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Rousettus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanosus">
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<emphasis id="B954EA8398055A07DADCFDC4D385FD88" box="[189,400,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Rousettus lanosus</emphasis>
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Thomas, 1906: 137
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9F369198055A07DADCFDFAD11BFD6B" blockId="25.[189,782,590,652]" box="[189,782,625,652]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3011BF98055A07DADCFDFAD11BFD6B" box="[189,782,625,652]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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*
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<treatmentCitation id="0A81108098055A07DAADFDF9D11FFD6B" box="[204,778,625,652]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298055A07DAADFDF9D11FFD6B" ID-CoL="7WRGV" authority="Thomas, 1906" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1906" box="[204,778,625,652]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Rousettus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanosus" subGenus="Stenonycteris">
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<emphasis id="B954EA8398055A07DAADFDF9D04DFD6B" box="[204,600,625,652]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Rousettus (Stenonycteris) lanosus</emphasis>
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Thomas, 1906
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33A651A98055A07DADCFD24D1A4FB45" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9F369198055A07DADCFD24D123FCB6" blockId="25.[189,1399,687,855]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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The separation of
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298055A07DBF6FD24D020FD29" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" box="[407,565,687,713]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Stenonycteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B954EA8398055A07DBF6FD24D020FD29" box="[407,565,687,713]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Stenonycteris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298055A07D8E1FD3BD0E7FD29" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[640,754,688,713]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Rousettus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B954EA8398055A07D8E1FD3BD0E7FD29" box="[640,754,688,713]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Rousettus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was already suggested by Leche (1921) and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B6098055A07DF71FD24D31EFD0C" author="Kingdon" firstAuthor="Kingdon" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref267912" refString="Kingdon J. 1974. East African Mammals. An Atlas of Evolution in Africa. Volume II. Part A. (Insectivores and Bats). Academic Press, New York & London." type="book" year="1974">Kingdon (1974)</bibRefCitation>
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[in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B6098055A07DB5EFD58D059FD0D" author="Bergmans" box="[319,588,722,749]" firstAuthor="Bergmans" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="79 - 126" refId="ref257439" refString="Bergmans W. 1994. Taxonomy and biogeography of African fruit bats (Mammalia, Megachiroptera). 4. The genus Rousettus Gray, 1821. Beaufortia 44 (4): 79 - 126. Available from http: // www. repository. naturalis. nl / document / 548564 [accessed 29 Nov. 2017]." type="journal article" year="1994">Bergmans (1994: 111)</bibRefCitation>
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], but was only proven by genetic sequence analyses (Juste B.
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<emphasis id="B954EA8398055A07DF5BFD58D762FD0C" box="[1338,1399,722,748]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
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1999;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B6098055A07DB66FD7ED3E0FCF0" author="Almeida" box="[263,501,757,784]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Almeida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref255616" refString="Almeida F. C., Giannini N. P., DeSalle R. & Simmons N. B. 2011. Evolutionary relationships of the Old World fruit bats (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae): Another star phylogeny? BMC Evolutionary Biology 11 (281): 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 11 - 281" type="journal article" year="2011">
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Almeida
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<emphasis id="B954EA8398055A07DB15FD7DD3A5FCF0" box="[372,432,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
|
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|
|
2011
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
|
;
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B6098055A07D862FD7ED0D0FCF0" author="Nesi" box="[515,709,757,784]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Nesi" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="126 - 137" refId="ref270601" refString="Nesi N., Kadjo B., Pourrut X., Leroy E., Pongombo Shongo C., Cruaud C. & Hassanin A. 2012. Molecular systematics and phylogeography of the tribe Myonycterini (Mammalia, Pteropodidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66 (1): 126 - 137 (for 2013). https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2012.09.028" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
|||
|
|
Nesi
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B954EA8398055A07D820FD7DD068FCF0" box="[577,637,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2012
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Using cytochrome
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B954EA8398055A07D9DAFD7DD1DFFCF0" box="[955,970,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">b</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
sequences,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B6098055A07DE38FD7ED73CFCF0" author="Nesi" box="[1113,1321,757,784]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Nesi" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="126 - 137" refId="ref270601" refString="Nesi N., Kadjo B., Pourrut X., Leroy E., Pongombo Shongo C., Cruaud C. & Hassanin A. 2012. Molecular systematics and phylogeography of the tribe Myonycterini (Mammalia, Pteropodidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66 (1): 126 - 137 (for 2013). https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2012.09.028" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
|||
|
|
Nesi
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B954EA8398055A07DEF6FD7DD6C6FCF0" box="[1175,1235,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(2012)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
found that the genus
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298055A07DB0EFC91D3F4FCD3" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[367,481,794,819]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Rousettus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B954EA8398055A07DB0EFC91D3F4FCD3" box="[367,481,794,819]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Rousettus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
was paraphyletic, and that
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298055A07D94EFC92D1D8FCD3" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" box="[815,973,793,819]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Stenonycteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B954EA8398055A07D94EFC92D1D8FCD3" box="[815,973,793,819]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Stenonycteris</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
should be considered as a separate genus, even constituting its own tribe:
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298055A07D8E2FCB7D127FCB6" authorityName="Nesi, Kadjo, Pourrut, Shongo, Cruaud & Hassanin" authorityYear="2012" box="[643,818,828,854]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Stenonycterini">Stenonycterini</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9F369198055A07DADCFCF1D6ADFBA4" blockId="25.[189,1399,890,1093]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B6098055A07DADCFCF1D3F9FC74" author="Hayman" box="[189,492,890,916]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hayman" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref265860" refString="Hayman R. W., Misonne X. & Verheyen W. N. 1966. The bats of the Congo and of Rwanda and Burundi. Annalen van het Koninklijk Museum voor Midden Afrika, Zoologische Wetenschappen, Ser. 8, 154: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1966">
|
|||
|
|
Hayman
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B954EA8398055A07DB4AFCF0D37CFC74" box="[299,361,890,916]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(1966: 20
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, map 18) reported this species from the Kivu Province in the eastern part of the
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F337760198055A07DB6EFC16D35AFC57" box="[271,335,925,951]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">DRC</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
. The additional specimens reported here are also mainly from the Nord- and Sud-Kivu Provinces, with extensions into
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F337760198055A07D851FC4BD085FC3A" box="[560,656,960,986]" name="Rwanda" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F337760198055A07D8A6FC4BD13EFC3A" box="[711,811,960,986]" name="Burundi" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Burundi</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
. The only outlier is RMCA 36250 from Tshibasha, near Kananga (Kasaï-Central Province). The SDM map shows that this specimen is the westernmost representative of the species, but it also shows that the distribution is rather patchy to the east too, with a cluster of specimens in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F337760198055A07DB87FBA0D023FBA5" box="[486,566,1067,1093]" name="Kenya" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, and some dispersed records in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F337760198055A07D9CBFBA1D606FBA4" box="[938,1043,1066,1092]" name="Tanzania" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F337760198055A07DE2DFBA1D6A6FBA4" box="[1100,1203,1066,1092]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9F369198055A07D855FBE3D615FB62" blockId="25.[564,1024,1128,1189]" box="[564,1024,1128,1154]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
|||
|
|
Family
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298055A07D8EFFBE3D615FB62" authority="Lydekker, 1891" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1891" box="[654,1024,1128,1154]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Hipposideridae Lydekker, 1891</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9F369198055A07D8E2FB00D1A4FB45" blockId="25.[564,1024,1128,1189]" box="[643,945,1163,1189]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
|||
|
|
Genus
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298055A07D8B4FB00D1A4FB45" authority="Gray, 1838" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1838" box="[725,945,1163,1189]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Asellia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B954EA8398055A07D8B4FB00D133FB45" box="[725,806,1163,1189]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Asellia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Gray, 1838
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|