130 lines
9.3 KiB
XML
130 lines
9.3 KiB
XML
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a15ec661-e796-4207-8509-756590c75c0e" ID-PMC="PMC4389221" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-493-1" ID-PubMed="25878545" ID-ZBK="1FBFFA4CA71F495CAD22F2EB680FEF95" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-493-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 493" ModsDocTitle="Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)" checkinTime="1451244490299" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Noort, Simon van, Buffington, Matthew L. & Forshage, Mattias" docDate="2015" docId="2AAC28C72F817B6142585675E072C673" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 493: 1-176" docOrigin="ZooKeys 493" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353" docTitle="Xyalaspis Hartig 1843" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="DD2DFF8EFFC4FFA2FFD7FFE4FFB46007" masterDocTitle="Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="176" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1668160156725" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Noort, Simon van</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Buffington, Matthew L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Forshage, Mattias</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>493</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>176</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-493-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">1FBFFA4CA71F495CAD22F2EB680FEF95</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">1FBFFA4CA71F495CAD22F2EB680FEF95</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152059171" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2AAC28C72F817B6142585675E072C673" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2AAC28C72F817B6142585675E072C673" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Figitidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName authority="Hartig, 1843" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Xyalaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyalaspis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xyalaspis Hartig, 1843</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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Not common in the Afrotropical region. The genus is often difficult to separate from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Aegilips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aegilips" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aegilips</taxonomicName>
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and requires revision.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="28" pageNumber="29" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Xyalaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyalaspis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xyalaspis</taxonomicName>
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are often easy to recognise by their very distinct scutellar spines, but several taxa have more blunt or moderate spines that are close to character states found in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Aegilips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aegilips" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aegilips</taxonomicName>
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. In these cases, the scutellum of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Xyalaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyalaspis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xyalaspis</taxonomicName>
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is characterised by a heavier foveolate sculpture, where no circumscutellar carina is obvious. As currently circumscribed, the genus is somewhat heterogenous in the Afrotropical region, and a distinct species group is characterised by a strongly sculptured mesoscutum with longitudinal carinae as well as strong genal carinae.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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Figure 8.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Xyalaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyalaspis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xyalaspis</taxonomicName>
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species (South Africa). A habitus lateral view B head and mesosoma dorsolateral view C head, anterior view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="29" pageNumber="30" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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Mainly Holarctic, but also present throughout the Old World Tropics. Afrotropical records: South Africa (
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<bibRefCitation author="Kieffer, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" pagination="451 - 462" title="Cynipides et Bethylides de L'Afrique du Sud." volume="80" year="1912">Kieffer 1912</bibRefCitation>
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), Nigeria, Uganda (
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<bibRefCitation author="Mata-Casanova, N" journalOrPublisher="African Entomology" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" pagination="545 - 551" title="Description of two new species of Anacharitinae (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) from the Afrotropical region." url="10.4001/003.022.0312" volume="22" year="2014">Mata-Casanova et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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), Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar, Malawi, Yemen, Zimbabwe (here).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="biology">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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Parasitoids of aphidivorous
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Sternorrhyncha" order="Neuroptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="order">Neuroptera</taxonomicName>
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larvae (
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<bibRefCitation author="Fergusson, NDM" journalOrPublisher="London" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 55" title="Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects" year="1986">Fergusson 1986</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Miller, G" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" pagination="93 - 97" title="Observations on Anacharismelanoneura (Hymenoptera: Figitidae), a parasite of Hemerobiusstigma (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae)." volume="96" year="1985">Miller and Lambdin 1985</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="species richness">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="30" pageNumber="31" start="start">Species</pageBreakToken>
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richness.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Xyalaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyalaspis capensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">Xyalaspis capensis</taxonomicName>
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(Kieffer, 1912), comb. n. (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Aegilips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aegilips" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aegilips</taxonomicName>
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) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) (Type supposedly in ZMBH, but not found there. However, the original description has been deemed sufficient for generic placement here)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Xyalaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyalaspis subsaharica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subsaharica">Xyalaspis subsaharica</taxonomicName>
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Mata-Casanova & Pujade-Villar, 2014 (Nigeria, Uganda)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Several undescribed species from elsewhere in the region.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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