treatments-xml/data/03/E8/05/03E8050DFFBCFF80FF61FE6EFDF8372B.xml

<document id="7F5FD696E8EFD7E5BE8422CD367B4322" ID-CLB-Dataset="46375" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.207770" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c697c7db-f1ba-48c9-8df3-b39cedb51c7b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="207770" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460387896018" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Meurgey, François &amp; Poiron, Celine" docDate="2011" docId="03E8050DFFBCFF80FF61FE6EFDF8372B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03019p062.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3019" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Dythemis sterilis subsp. multipunctata Kirby 1894, NEW COMBINATION" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="58" masterDocId="FFD17D75FFB9FF87FFF6FFBFFF8B3227" masterDocTitle="The true Dythemis multipunctata Kirby, 1894, from the West Indies and proposed new taxonomic status (Odonata: Anisoptera: Libellulidae)" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="56" updateTime="1698297866326" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="9323879BFD2E29640B9D49E898C48E08" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="1D59A888586D1FE29721F084943A98B2">
<mods:title id="ECA2381773958E1F2369C00042B95F3B">The true Dythemis multipunctata Kirby, 1894, from the West Indies and proposed new taxonomic status (Odonata: Anisoptera: Libellulidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="20C7ACA137B44DBE66FDD78158051F4B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1FF1F67039B0033BA20F13D57CB67B16">
<mods:roleTerm id="79D12C45A7D5D91C551ED3F11456A764">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="EE7FABE983962D7692408EF7059EEFCD">Meurgey, François</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F04020DBE539AF2D57D47CFF332342C3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="008153615250F28DC08DC80212096516">
<mods:roleTerm id="399CDAA9A33117249A1436AE3375E30B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3059CCA88ECAB2FA20B9070DA4D4D32D">Poiron, Celine</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="19214EEDB787D98B33EFBB29C23A0577">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="C65C7B9EFF34BF23548EEE297569477F" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="A6876640FAF62B802311E49CE344FCB6">
<mods:title id="61DB2C189BDBA8E1E14E6ED538BE67F8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="18A1E438839B1ED3B060E0979F84A9EB">
<mods:date id="8C92F38608755277E0BB55816203A5F7">2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="B0CEC1559E5E9809AFA935E7ED70B5D0" type="volume">
<mods:number id="355E095D36DDDBE33AA7F411B00751DE">3019</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="A43B10282C490B44465E4606C8A39AFD" unit="page">
<mods:start id="8F50CF43784BCF98B429B4671C520056">51</mods:start>
<mods:end id="1FFEC6C748D6810C267232FBADAE125A">62</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="120A820881F72F9D61549BEA00EFF222">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="C50205835E2FA4016A3D52CDEF20B2A7" type="CLB-Dataset">46375</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="987C4C562A37440B4692091889EB6FAA" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.207770</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="38C7B3DB0C64D86C7E7F997498C2D436" type="GBIF-Dataset">c697c7db-f1ba-48c9-8df3-b39cedb51c7b</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DAE9B42EE30D4BF43686341BC78E491B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A7FB8CBE88979EB6C76CA24DD60109C1" type="Zenodo-Dep">207770</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03E8050DFFBCFF80FF61FE6EFDF8372B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6193084" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119415957" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6193084" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E8050DFFBCFF80FF61FE6EFDF8372B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E8050DFFBCFF80FF61FE6EFDF8372B" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
<subSubSection id="C35BE790FFBCFF82FF61FE6EFDA8302B" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFEB41BFFBCFF82FF61FE6EFC5333CD" blockId="5.[151,984,464,524]" box="[151,984,464,491]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
<heading id="D0B60377FFBCFF82FF61FE6EFC5333CD" bold="true" box="[151,984,464,491]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBCFF82FF61FE6EFC5333CD" bold="true" box="[151,984,464,491]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBCFF82FF61FE6EFD2233CD" ID-CoL="7H2KZ" authority="Kirby, 1894" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,681,464,491]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Dythemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sterilis" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="multipunctata">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBCFF82FF61FE6EFD9B33CC" bold="true" box="[151,528,465,491]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Dythemis sterilis multipunctata</emphasis>
Kirby, 1894
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A206D572FFBCFF82FD47FE6FFC5333CD" box="[689,984,464,490]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">NEW COMBINATION</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFEB41BFFBCFF82FF61FE4BFDA8302B" blockId="5.[151,984,464,524]" box="[151,547,500,524]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Figs. 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16a, b</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35BE790FFBCFF82FF61FD88FAC631F9" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BFEB41BFFBCFF82FF61FD88FC4130AE" blockId="5.[151,1436,566,711]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB519335FFBCFF82FF61FD88FC4130AE" infered="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBCFF82FF61FD88FDCB306B" ID-CoL="9WTWK" authority="Kirby, 1894a:265" authorityName="Kirby" authorityPageNumber="265" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,576,566,589]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Dythemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multipunctata">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBCFF82FF61FD88FE02306A" box="[151,393,567,589]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Dythemis multipunctata</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AE0920AFFBCFF82FE79FD89FDCB306B" author="Kirby" box="[399,576,566,588]" page="265" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" year="1894">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD0C9EAFFBCFF82FE79FD89FD9F306B" author="Kirby" box="[399,532,566,588]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1894 a) On some small collections of Odonata recently received from the West Indies. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6 (14), 261 - 269." type="journal article" year="1894" yearSuffix="a">Kirby, 1894a</bibRefCitation>
:265
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(descr. 3 
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBCFF82FD51FD88FC96306B" box="[679,797,566,588]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">St. Vincent</collectingCountry>
); ― 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD0C9EAFFBCFF82FCB0FD89FC5C306B" author="Clarcke" box="[838,983,566,588]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" refString="Clarcke, A. H. (1904) Notes on insects of Barbados, St. Vincent, the Grenadines and Grenada. Psyche, 11, 114 - 117." type="journal article" year="1904">Clarcke, 1904</bibRefCitation>
: (catalog, 
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBCFF82FBC8FD88FB3A306B" box="[1086,1201,566,588]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">St. Vincent</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBCFF82FB4CFD89FA9E306B" box="[1210,1301,566,588]" name="Grenada" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Grenada</collectingCountry>
);― 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE0920AFFBCFF82FACFFD89FE86304C" author="Donnelly" page="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD0C9EAFFBCFF82FACFFD89FE8A304C" author="Donnelly" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" refString="Donnelly, T. W. (1961) A new species of Damselfly from St. Lucia, British West Indies (Odonata; Protoneuridae). The Florida Entomologist, 44 (3), 119 - 121." type="journal article" year="1961">Donnelly, 1961</bibRefCitation>
:1
</treatmentCitation>
(
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBCFF82FEEAFDEAFEF6304C" box="[284,381,597,619]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">St. Lucia</collectingCountry>
);― 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE0920AFFBCFF82FE54FDEAFDD2304C" author="Donnelly" box="[418,601,597,619]" page="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" year="1970">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD0C9EAFFBCFF82FE54FDEAFDC9304D" author="Donnelly" box="[418,578,597,619]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" refString="Donnelly, T. W. (1970) The Odonata of Dominica British West Indies, Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 37, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1970">Donnelly, 1970</bibRefCitation>
: 5
</treatmentCitation>
(
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBCFF82FD9FFDEAFD56304C" box="[617,733,597,619]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">St. Vincent</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBCFF82FD1EFDEAFCC8304C" box="[744,835,597,619]" name="Grenada" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Grenada</collectingCountry>
); ―Kimmins, 1968: 289 (
<typeStatus id="54FA0AB9FFBCFF82FBB9FDEAFB25304C" box="[1103,1198,597,619]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
3 designated, BMNH, photos examined)― 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD0C9EAFFBCFF82FE63FDCCFDFB30AE" author="Woodruff" box="[405,624,627,650]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" refString="Woodruff, R. E., Beck, B. M., Kelley, P. E. S., Schotman, C. Y. L. &amp; Thomas, M. C. (1998) A checklist and bibliography of the insects of Grenada and the Grenadines. FAO / UN Report. Center for Systematic Entomology Memoir 2, 1 - 207, 2 color photo covers, 1 map." type="book chapter" year="1998">Woodruff et al., 1998</bibRefCitation>
: (catalog, bibliography, 
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBCFF82FC93FDCCFC4B30AE" box="[869,960,627,649]" name="Grenada" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Grenada</collectingCountry>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFEB41BFFBCFF82FF61FD2DFE5F30E0" blockId="5.[151,1436,566,711]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB519335FFBCFF82FF61FD2DFE5F30E0" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBCFF82FF61FD2DFE04308F" ID-CoL="9WTWK" box="[151,399,658,680]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Dythemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multipunctata">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBCFF82FF61FD2DFE04308F" box="[151,399,658,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Dythemis multipunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var.? 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE0920AFFBCFF82FE23FD2DFD1D308F" author="Kirby" box="[469,662,658,680]" page="228" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" year="1894">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD0C9EAFFBCFF82FE23FD2DFDEA308F" author="Kirby" box="[469,609,658,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1894 a) On some small collections of Odonata recently received from the West Indies. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6 (14), 261 - 269." type="journal article" year="1894" yearSuffix="a">Kirby, 1894a</bibRefCitation>
: 228
</treatmentCitation>
(mention. 3 
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBCFF82FCDAFD2DFC0D308F" box="[812,902,658,680]" name="Grenada" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Grenada</collectingCountry>
); ―Kimmins, 1968: 289 (
<typeStatus id="54FA0AB9FFBCFF82FB54FD2DFA8B308F" box="[1186,1280,658,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
3 designated, BMNH, photos examined)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFEB41BFFBCFF82FF61FD51FAC631F9" blockId="5.[151,1437,750,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBCFF82FF61FD51FE1D3120" bold="true" box="[151,406,750,775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
Total 14318Ƥ. 
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBCFF82FDBDFD51FD7E3121" box="[587,757,750,774]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">ST. VINCENT</collectingCountry>
: 234Ƥ, St. George Parish, Mountain Fairhall, Belair mineral spring, 
<date id="FFFF92DBFFBCFF82FF07FCADFEED310D" box="[241,358,786,810]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" value="2010-05-31">31.V.2010</date>
, Meurgey leg. NHMN; 234Ƥ, St. George Parish, Argyle Beach, 
<date id="FFFF92DBFFBCFF82FB8AFCADFB7B310D" box="[1148,1264,786,810]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" value="2010-06-06">6.VI.2010</date>
, Meurgey leg. NHMN; 132Ƥ, Arnos Vale Airport, Greathead Bay, Meurgey leg. NHMN; 1Ƥ, Kingstown Botanical gardens, 
<date id="FFFF92DBFFBCFF82FF61FCE5FE803155" box="[151,267,858,882]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" value="2010-06-04">4.VI.2010</date>
, Meurgey leg. NHMN; 332Ƥ, St. David Parish, Wallibou river, 
<date id="FFFF92DBFFBCFF82FC14FCE5FBEE3155" box="[994,1125,858,882]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" value="2010-06-01">01.VI.2010</date>
, Meurgey leg. NHMN; 1Ƥ, St. David Parish, Troumaca Dam, 
<date id="FFFF92DBFFBCFF82FDDDFCC1FD2531B1" box="[555,686,894,918]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" value="2010-06-01">01.VI.2010</date>
, Meurgey leg. NHMN; 23, St. Andrew Parish, Vermont Nature Trail, 
<date id="FFFF92DBFFBCFF82FF2BFC1DFED4319D" box="[221,351,930,954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" value="2010-06-03">03.VI.2010</date>
, Meurgey leg. NHMN; 131Ƥ, St. Patrick Parish, Wallilabou Falls, 
<date id="FFFF92DBFFBCFF82FB85FC1DFB7D319D" box="[1139,1270,930,954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" value="2010-06-01">01.VI.2010</date>
, Meurgey leg. NHMN; 233Ƥ, Charlotte Parish, 
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBCFF82FDE4FC79FD2131F9" box="[530,682,966,990]" name="Iraq" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Mesopotamia</collectingCountry>
valley, Montréal gardens, 
<date id="FFFF92DBFFBCFF82FC23FC79FBC231F9" box="[981,1097,966,990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" value="2010-06-07">7.VI.2010</date>
, Meurgey leg. NHMN.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35BE790FFBCFF80FF31FC55FB2032F3" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFEB41BFFBCFF82FF31FC55FD013691" blockId="5.[151,1437,750,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBCFF82FF31FC55FED23624" bold="true" box="[199,345,1002,1027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Description.</emphasis>
Head of male (Figs. 5, 16a) with eyes in life brilliant orange-red dorsally, with a bluish tinge ventrally. Face mostly white or yellow, densely covered with black hairs. Labium pale with broad black median band. Labrum pale with anterior margin black and two small spots on each side; anteclypeus pale whitish or yellow; postclypeus white or yellowish with black line on posterior margin; antefrons orange; postfrons metallic purple with white on each side; vertex metallic-purple; occipital triangle pale at apex, glossy purple with two yellow spots posteriorly. Rear of head with two yellow spots.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFEB41BFFBCFF82FF31FB7DFD7137DD" blockId="5.[151,1437,750,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Prothorax obscure dark brown with anterior margin yellow, middle lobe with pair of yellow spots medially. Pterothorax (Figs. 1,16a) yellow and metallic black stripes as follows: a broad mesepisternal; a broad humeral; a narrow mesepimeral joining humeral at its middle; a broad metepisternal, a broad pleural, the latter bifid anteriorly with a small streak on metepimeron, rounded below and joining the metepisternal suture. All lateral thoracic stripes forming approximately a YIY design. Dorsum of thorax between wings always with a broad yellow longitudinal stripe. Venter of thorax yellow with two black spots anteriorly and a black transverse streak posteriorly. Wings hyaline, tinged with amber at base of forewings, apex brown-black. Ax Fw 12–13; Px Fw 7; Ax Hw 8–9; Px Hw 9. Legs black, with coxae yellowish; anterior coxae and femora white or yellowish beneath. Mesofemora with short, peg-like spines increasing in length from base to apex.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFEB41BFFBCFF82FF31F9B9FC5B353D" blockId="5.[151,1437,750,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Abdomen (Figs. 1,16a) black, obscure dark brown, yellow on the ventral side of S2–8, and pale as follows: S2 mostly yellow with a black spot on dorsum, S3 with two ventrolateral yellow spots along tergal margin, and two yellow dorsolateral yellow spots. S4–7 dorsally with two yellow spots basally, followed by two yellow streaks, those of S6 the smallest (often absent), those of S7 the widest occupying the basal half of the length of the segment. S8–10 black, except for a thin yellow line bordering each segment distally. Abdomen nearly triquetral. Genital lobe rounded with a central impression covered with black hair. Hamules nearly straight and directed downward, at midlength slightly curved posteriad and with a slender, rounded tip (Fig. 8). Cerci (Figs. 10,12) black, ventrally with row of 4–5 denticles, last two longest. Epiproct yellow, black on margins.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFEB41BFFBCFF82FF31F899FE8B35D5" blockId="5.[151,1437,750,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Female with head as in male but antefrons mostly orange, postfrons and vertex metallic-blue (Fig. 6). Thorax (Figs. 2,16b) as in male. Wings similar to male; Ax Fw 12–13; Px Fw 8–9; Ax Hw 8–10; Px Hw 8–10. Legs as in male except for mesofemoral spines. Abdomen (Figs. 2, 2b) as in male but S4–7 dorsally with two yellow spots basally, followed by two broad yellow streaks, those of S6 the smallest, those of S7 the widest, occupying basal 2/ 3 of segment. Caudal appendages black, longer than S10. Vulvar lamina black, deeply cleft, with divergent margins (Fig. 14).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFEB41BFFBFFF81FF61F828FE94358A" blockId="6.[151,287,1943,1966]" box="[151,287,1943,1966]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBFFF81FF61F828FE94358A" bold="true" box="[151,287,1943,1966]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFEB41BFFBEFF80FF31FF28FB2032F3" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1292]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FF31FF28FED23297" bold="true" box="[199,345,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Dimensions.</emphasis>
Males (n = 14): Total length 29.0–39.0, abdomen 26.0–28.0, Fw 27.0–29.0, Hw 27.0–29.0. Females (n = 18): Total length 31.0–32.0, abdomen 25.9–26.2, Fw 27.8–28.0, Hw 27.8–28.8.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35BE790FFBEFF80FF31FF60FE1A333B" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFEB41BFFBEFF80FF31FF60FE1A333B" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1292]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FF31FF60FEEB32DF" bold="true" box="[199,352,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Distribution.</emphasis>
Endemic to 
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBEFF80FE00FF60FDF332D0" box="[502,632,223,247]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">St. Vincent</collectingCountry>
, Lesser Antilles, intergrading into 
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBEFF80FBFCFF5EFB1D32DF" box="[1034,1174,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Dythemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sterilis" subSpecies="sterilis">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FBFCFF5EFB1D32DF" box="[1034,1174,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">D. s. sterilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
northward through 
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBEFF80FA88FF60FF5C333B" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">St. Lucia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBEFF80FEFBFEBBFE06333B" box="[269,397,260,284]" name="Martinique" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Martinique</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35BE790FFBEFF80FF31FE97FDF8372B" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFEB41BFFBEFF80FF31FE97FEF73183" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1292]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FF31FE97FEB03367" bold="true" box="[199,315,296,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Remarks.</emphasis>
The relationship of 
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBEFF80FDEBFE96FD573367" box="[541,732,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Dythemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multipunctata">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FDEBFE96FD573367" box="[541,732,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">D. multipunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBEFF80FD09FE96FCE63367" box="[767,877,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Dythemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sterilis">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FD09FE96FCE63367" box="[767,877,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">D. sterilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unclear, and correct assignment of this taxon is problematic. We have taken a conservative approach and have chosen to treat 
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBEFF80FBFDFEF2FB423343" box="[1035,1225,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Dythemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multipunctata">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FBFDFEF2FB423343" box="[1035,1225,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">D. multipunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBEFF80FF61FECEFE8C33AF" box="[151,263,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Dythemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sterilis">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FF61FECEFE8C33AF" box="[151,263,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">D. sterilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, though we acknowledge that further analysis including molecular studies may show the Lesser Antillean populations to represent a separate species. Lesser Antillean populations of 
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBEFF80FBDCFE2BFB63338B" box="[1066,1256,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Dythemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sterilis">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FBDCFE2BFB63338B" box="[1066,1256,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Dythemis sterilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vary more than do their mainland counterparts as follows: 
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBEFF80FD8BFE06FCDD33F7" box="[637,854,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Dythemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sterilis" subSpecies="multipunctata">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FD8BFE06FCDD33F7" box="[637,854,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">D. s. multipunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBEFF80FC91FE08FC6233E8" box="[871,1001,439,463]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">St. Vincent</collectingCountry>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE75D2DCFFBEFF80FC03FE08FBD133E8" box="[1013,1114,439,463]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" precision="925" value="13.216666">13°13' N</geoCoordinate>
) possess metallic coloration on the vertex 
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FED9FE63FED233D3" box="[303,345,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">and</emphasis>
, uniquely so, on the postfrons, and the dark body coloration is dark brown as in 
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FB2FFE62FAB433D3" box="[1241,1343,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBEFF80FB2FFE62FAB033D3" box="[1241,1339,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Dythemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">D. nigra</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Populations from 
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBEFF80FEE4FE40FEFC3030" box="[274,375,511,535]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">St. Lucia</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE75D2DCFFBEFF80FE71FE40FE653030" box="[391,494,511,535]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" precision="925" value="13.883333">13°53' N</geoCoordinate>
), immediately north of 
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBEFF80FD00FE40FCFE3030" box="[758,885,511,535]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">St. Vincent</collectingCountry>
, have an all dark body coloration as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBEFF80FADBFDBEFE82301B" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Dythemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sterilis" subSpecies="multipunctata">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FADBFDBEFE82301B" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">D. s. multipunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but the metallic coloration is confined to the vertex. Specimens from 
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBEFF80FBECFD9BFB1D301B" box="[1050,1174,548,572]" name="Martinique" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Martinique</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE75D2DCFFBEFF80FB50FD9BFA80301B" box="[1190,1291,548,572]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" precision="925" value="14.583333">14°35' N</geoCoordinate>
) have a dark thorax with a red to red-brown vertex sometimes with a pearly sheen of blue. Specimens from 
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBEFF80FB47FDF8FAAB3078" box="[1201,1312,583,607]" name="Dominica" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Dominica</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE75D2DCFFBEFF80FAD9FDF8FA1F3078" box="[1327,1428,583,607]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" precision="925" value="15.416667">15°25' N</geoCoordinate>
) and 
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBEFF80FF30FDD3FEC630A3" box="[198,333,620,644]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE75D2DCFFBEFF80FEABFDD3FE3E30A3" box="[349,437,620,644]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" precision="925" value="16.033333">16°2' N</geoCoordinate>
) have no metallic coloration on the frons and vertex, and the body coloration is brown as in typical 
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBEFF80FEF3FD2EFE07308F" box="[261,396,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Dythemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sterilis" subSpecies="sterilis">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FEF3FD2EFE07308F" box="[261,396,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">D. s. sterilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the mainland. The only difference we have observed for males from these two localities is the dark brown genital lobe; this structure is entirely pale in mainland populations of 
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBEFF80FB7CFD0AFA9E30EB" box="[1162,1301,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Dythemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sterilis" subSpecies="sterilis">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FB7CFD0AFA9E30EB" box="[1162,1301,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">D. s. sterilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and also in males from 
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBEFF80FED6FD68FE1630C8" box="[288,413,727,751]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">St. Vincent</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBEFF80FE21FD68FDB430C8" box="[471,575,727,751]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">St. Lucia</collectingCountry>
, although the ventral margin of the lobe may be dark brown in some males from the latter island. Thus, 
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBEFF80FE2AFD42FD3E3133" box="[476,693,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Dythemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sterilis" subSpecies="multipunctata">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FE2AFD42FD3E3133" box="[476,693,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">D. s. multipunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to intergrade toward typical 
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBEFF80FBBBFD42FB5C3133" box="[1101,1239,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Dythemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sterilis" subSpecies="sterilis">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FBBBFD42FB5C3133" box="[1101,1239,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">D. s. sterilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBEFF80FAE9FD43FA173133" box="[1311,1436,764,788]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">St. Vincent</collectingCountry>
north through 
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBEFF80FEC1FCA0FE493110" box="[311,450,799,823]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
. Specimens from 
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBEFF80FD7CFCA0FD7F3110" box="[650,756,799,823]" name="Barbados" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Barbados</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE75D2DCFFBEFF80FCF2FCA0FCD03110" box="[772,859,799,823]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" precision="925" value="12.1">12°6' N</geoCoordinate>
) resemble those from 
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBEFF80FBA3FCA0FB313110" box="[1109,1210,799,823]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">St. Lucia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBEFF80FB06FCA0FAE73110" box="[1264,1388,799,823]" name="Martinique" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Martinique</collectingCountry>
and tend to approach typical 
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBEFF80FE4EFCFAFDCD317B" box="[440,582,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Dythemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sterilis" subSpecies="sterilis">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FE4EFCFAFDCD317B" box="[440,582,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">D. s. sterilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as seen in 
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBEFF80FD3BFCFBFCAA317B" box="[717,801,836,860]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Tobago</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE75D2DCFFBEFF80FCC5FCFBFC10317B" box="[819,923,836,860]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" precision="925" value="11.233334">11°14' N</geoCoordinate>
) and 
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBEFF80FC29FCFBFBB5317B" box="[991,1086,836,860]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE75D2DCFFBEFF80FBA7FCFBFB37317B" box="[1105,1212,836,860]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" precision="925" value="10.45">10°27' N</geoCoordinate>
). Our reluctance to accord specific status for these populations is due to clinal variation toward typical 
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBEFF80FBABFCD6FB6231A7" box="[1117,1257,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Dythemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sterilis" subSpecies="sterilis">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FBABFCD6FB6231A7" box="[1117,1257,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">D. s. sterilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
both north and south of 
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBEFF80FF0FFC33FEF23183" box="[249,377,908,932]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">St. Vincent</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFEB41BFFBEFF80FF31FC0FFDF8372B" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1292]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FF31FC0FFEA031EF" bold="true" box="[199,299,944,968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Ecology.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBEFF80FEC5FC0FFED931EF" box="[307,338,944,968]" name="American Samoa" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">As</collectingCountry>
stated by Kirby (1894), 
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBEFF80FD90FC0FFC0731EF" box="[614,908,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Dythemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sterilis" subSpecies="multipunctata">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FD90FC0FFC0731EF" box="[614,908,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Dythemis s. multipunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
frequents lentic habitats in open areas, such as swamps, seepages, slow-flowing lowland streams, generally with muddy beds, between sea level and approx. 200 meters altitude. Away from water, fully mature and teneral individuals can be found hawking along clearings and mountain tracks or roads. At breeding sites, males generally perch on the tip of plant stems or on top of bushes. Females fly inconspicuously under forest cover near the shoreline. Co-occurring 
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBEFF80FBDDFBFFFB01367F" box="[1067,1162,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Odonata</taxonomicName>
include 
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBEFF80FB1AFBFFFF76365A" authority="Meurgey" authorityName="Meurgey" class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" genus="Argia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telesfordi">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FB1AFBFFFA17367F" box="[1260,1436,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Argia telesfordi</emphasis>
Meurgey
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBEFF80FEFEFBDBFDEC365B" authority="Linne" authorityName="Linne" box="[264,615,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Erythrodiplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbrata">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FEFEFBDBFD80365B" box="[264,523,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Erythrodiplax umbrata</emphasis>
(Linné)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBEFF80FD69FBDBFBF7365B" authority="Hagen. Kirby (1894)" authorityName="Hagen. Kirby" authorityYear="1894" box="[671,1148,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Orthemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulphurata">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FD69FBDBFC02365B" box="[671,905,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Orthemis sulphurata</emphasis>
Hagen. Kirby (1894)
</taxonomicName>
misidentified the following species from 
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBEFF80FEAFFB37FE5D3687" box="[345,470,1160,1184]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">St. Vincent</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBEFF80FDF8FB37FDFA3687" box="[526,625,1160,1184]" name="Grenada" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Grenada</collectingCountry>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBEFF80FD8AFB37FC963687" box="[636,797,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" genus="Argia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insipida">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FD8AFB37FC963687" box="[636,797,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Argia insipida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
= 
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBEFF80FCCAFB37FC673687" box="[828,1004,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" genus="Argia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telesfordi">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FCCAFB37FC673687" box="[828,1004,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Argia telesfordi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBEFF80FC0DFB37FBB13687" box="[1019,1082,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" genus="Argia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FC0DFB37FBB13687" box="[1019,1082,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Argia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. = probably 
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBEFF80FB1AFB37FA103687" box="[1260,1435,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" genus="Argia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telesfordi">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FB1AFB37FA103687" box="[1260,1435,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Argia telesfordi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as this species is the only 
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBEFF80FE43FB13FE7F36E3" box="[437,500,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" genus="Argia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FE43FB13FE7F36E3" box="[437,500,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Argia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
present on both islands; and 
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBEFF80FCC1FB13FBE336E3" box="[823,1128,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" genus="Micronympha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FCC1FB13FBE336E3" box="[823,1128,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Micronympha senegalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
= 
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBEFF80FB72FB13FF5336CF" authority="Selys. Kirby" authorityName="Selys. Kirby" class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" genus="Ischnura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramburii">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FB72FB13FAD936E3" box="[1156,1362,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Ischnura ramburii</emphasis>
Selys. Kirby
</taxonomicName>
also mentioned a 
<taxonomicName id="4C41CF98FFBEFF80FE5EFB6FFDA536C0" box="[424,558,1232,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" genus="Coenagrion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9356809FFBEFF80FE5EFB6FFDA536C0" box="[424,558,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Coenagrion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. from 
<collectingCountry id="F356F48BFFBEFF80FD6BFB6FFC8B36CF" box="[669,768,1232,1256]" name="Grenada" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Grenada</collectingCountry>
. This genus is not known from the Lesser Antilles, and we do not know to what species it could refer.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>