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<document id="987633DDFD3A1D0EC70BA3CD8A2C4D31" ID-CLB-Dataset="29876" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4434.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5cb7d5d0-e5da-4227-ad4c-f7435f09336d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1292019" ID-ZooBank="4E6E9F71-801E-4657-91DA-51F0B06807F6" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1529330381180" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Farias, Jamile, Alves, Orane F. S. &amp; Vieira, Leandro M." docDate="2018" docId="03E087ADFFCD921A13ED1B5AFEDC3D93" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4434.3.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4434 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Parasmittina loxoides WINSTON, VIEIRA &amp; WOOLLACOTT 2014" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="409" masterDocId="FFD9FFD5FFC59212137A1A7EFFC33B10" masterDocTitle="Bryozoa on disarticulated bivalve shells from Todos os Santos Bay, northeastern Brazil, with the description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="428" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="409" updateTime="1698549752104" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="007D58A0AAAF39EA88A3F3963816FB65">Bryozoa on disarticulated bivalve shells from Todos os Santos Bay, northeastern Brazil, with the description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BF36013BE900EF3E3315462587864C96">Almeida, Ana C. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="54CAB5D035B66C35E99ECA7431F420FF">Souza, Facelucia B. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E0269ED75A04BD2731BCF6FAB107B49C">Farias, Jamile</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="046B9F6F0C3279F923F27E9496FD7481">Alves, Orane F. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8D1EF73DE8D8FFCEE894EE86A182E1A6">Vieira, Leandro M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6F527D5391156BB96195757A419044BE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2702D1A6133DED94719306969CE29250">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A7CDF40D6DCDD671814953861844B306">2018-06-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DC576613FE53FACCF950A5BF242D7B32">4434</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E087ADFFCD921A13ED1B5AFEDC3D93" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975931" ID-GBIF-Taxon="145968960" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5975931" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087ADFFCD921A13ED1B5AFEDC3D93" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E087ADFFCD921A13ED1B5AFEDC3D93" lastPageNumber="409" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<subSubSection id="C3536530FFCD921A13ED1B5AFEBD3A4F" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF636BBFFCD921A13ED1B5AFCA13A2E" blockId="8.[151,866,292,351]" box="[151,866,292,318]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<heading id="D0BE81D7FFCD921A13ED1B5AFCA13A2E" bold="true" box="[151,866,292,318]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C494D38FFCD921A13ED1B5AFCA13A2E" authority="Winston, Vieira &amp; Woollacott, 2014" authorityName="WINSTON, VIEIRA &amp; WOOLLACOTT" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,866,292,318]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="loxoides">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA9FFCD921A13ED1B5AFCA13A2E" bold="true" box="[151,866,292,318]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA9FFCD921A13ED1B5AFE5D3A2E" bold="true" box="[151,414,292,318]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Parasmittina loxoides</emphasis>
Winston,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B4AFFCD921A11671B5AFCA13A2E" box="[541,866,292,318]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" refId="ref14355" refString="WINSTON, J. E., VIEIRA, L. M. &amp; WOOLLACOTT, R. M. (2014) SCIENTIfIC RESULTS Of THE Hassler ExPEDITION. BRYOZOA. NO. 2. BRAZIL. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 161 (5), 139 - 239." type="journal article">Vieira &amp; Woollacott, 2014</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636BBFFCD921A13ED1B39FEBD3A4F" blockId="8.[151,866,292,351]" box="[151,382,326,351]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
(
<figureCitation id="13722A3EFFCD921A13E41B39FED43A4F" box="[158,279,326,351]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1634,1656]" captionTargetBox="[159,1434,187,1617]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[159,1434,187,1617]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parasmittina loxoides WINSTON, VIEIRA &amp; WOOLLACOTT, 2014, UFBA 1621. A. OVERVIEW Of A COLONY. B. GROUP Of AUTOZOOIDS SHOWINg THE LARgE, MARgINAL PORES AND A LARgE AVICULARIUM. C. CLOSE-UP Of A PRIMARY ORIfICE SHOWINg A SINgLE ORAL SPINE BASE, LYRULA AND CONDYLES. D. GROUP Of AUTOZOOIDS SHOWINg TRIANgULAR (ARROW) AND OBOVATE TO TRUNCATE (CIRCLE) AVICULARIA. E. GROUP Of OVICELLED ZOOIDS WITH SEVERAL TYPES Of AVICULARIA. F. CLOSE-UP Of OVICELLED ZOOIDS. SCALE BARS: A, 500 µM; B, D, E, 200 µM; C, 50 µM; F, 100 µM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1292029/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 5A–F</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6CB0300FFCD921A12581B38FEB53A4F" box="[290,374,326,351]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 6. Measurements (mm) for Parasmittina loxoides (UFBA 1621). Min, minimum; Max, maximum; N, sample size; SE, standard error." pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Table 6</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3536530FFCD921A13ED1BEEFDAC3AD3" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF636BBFFCD921A13ED1BEEFC3C3AB4" blockId="8.[151,1023,398,482]" box="[151,1023,398,421]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<taxonomicName id="4C494D38FFCD921A13ED1BEEFD2D3AB4" authority="WINSTON, VIEIRA &amp; WOOLLACOTT, 2014" authorityName="WINSTON, VIEIRA &amp; WOOLLACOTT" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,750,398,421]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="loxoides">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA9FFCD921A13ED1BEEFEB63AB4" box="[151,373,398,421]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Parasmittina loxoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B4AFFCD921A12061BF0FD2D3AB4" box="[380,750,398,420]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" refId="ref14355" refString="WINSTON, J. E., VIEIRA, L. M. &amp; WOOLLACOTT, R. M. (2014) SCIENTIfIC RESULTS Of THE Hassler ExPEDITION. BRYOZOA. NO. 2. BRAZIL. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 161 (5), 139 - 239." type="journal article">WINSTON, VIEIRA &amp; WOOLLACOTT, 2014</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: P. 202, fIg. 40 (CUM SYN.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636BBFFCD921A13ED1BD0FDAC3AD3" blockId="8.[151,1023,398,482]" box="[151,623,429,451]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<taxonomicName id="4C494D38FFCD921A13ED1BD0FE8F3AD3" ID-CoL="4DCD5" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[151,332,429,451]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="loxa">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA9FFCD921A13ED1BD0FE8F3AD3" box="[151,332,429,451]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Parasmittina loxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: ALMEIDA
<emphasis id="B93DEAA9FFCD921A12C21BD0FE273AD3" box="[440,484,429,451]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">et al</emphasis>
., 2015A: P. 4.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3536530FFCD921A13ED1BB2FCA03AF2" box="[151,867,460,482]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF636BBFFCD921A13ED1BB2FCA03AF2" blockId="8.[151,1023,398,482]" box="[151,867,460,482]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
NOT
<taxonomicName id="4C494D38FFCD921A13B91BB2FE413AF2" baseAuthorityName="Johnston" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[195,386,460,482]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Smittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="trispinosa">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA9FFCD921A13B91BB2FE413AF2" box="[195,386,460,482]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Smittina trispinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
VAR.
<taxonomicName id="4C494D38FFCD921A12CF1BB2FE223AF2" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[437,481,460,482]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="loxa">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA9FFCD921A12CF1BB2FE223AF2" box="[437,481,460,482]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">loxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: MARCUS, 1937B: P. 225, fIgS 23C, 24.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3536530FFCD921A13ED1870FEC8397E" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF636BBFFCD921A13ED1870FEC8397E" blockId="8.[151,1438,526,1667]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA9FFCD921A13ED1870FE413937" bold="true" box="[151,386,526,551]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED58AE7EFFCD921A12F11871FE153937" box="[395,470,527,551]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">UFBA</collectionCode>
1619,
<collectionCode id="ED58AE7EFFCD921A115D1871FDB13937" box="[551,626,527,551]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">UFBA</collectionCode>
3323–3325, on
<collectionCode id="ED58AE7EFFCD921A10551871FCAF3937" box="[815,876,527,551]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">valve</collectionCode>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D38FFCD921A10EE1870FB9E3937" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" box="[916,1117,526,551]" class="Bivalvia" family="Plicatulidae" genus="Plicatula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gibbosa">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA9FFCD921A10EE1870FB9E3937" box="[916,1117,526,551]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Plicatula gibbosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<collectionCode id="ED58AE7EFFCD921A17171871FB7B3937" box="[1133,1208,527,551]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">UFBA</collectionCode>
1621,
<collectionCode id="ED58AE7EFFCD921A16731871FA973937" box="[1289,1364,527,551]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">UFBA</collectionCode>
1622,
<collectionCode id="ED58AE7EFFCD921A13ED184DFF21395B" box="[151,226,563,587]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">UFBA</collectionCode>
1627,
<collectionCode id="ED58AE7EFFCD921A124C184DFE42395B" box="[310,385,563,587]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">UFBA</collectionCode>
1628,
<collectionCode id="ED58AE7EFFCD921A12AC184DFDE2395B" box="[470,545,563,587]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">UFBA</collectionCode>
1652,
<collectionCode id="ED58AE7EFFCD921A110C184DFD02395B" box="[630,705,563,587]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">UFBA</collectionCode>
1654,
<collectionCode id="ED58AE7EFFCD921A106C184DFCA2395B" box="[790,865,563,587]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">UFBA</collectionCode>
1661,
<collectionCode id="ED58AE7EFFCD921A10CF184DFBC3395B" box="[949,1024,563,587]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">UFBA</collectionCode>
3326–3353, on
<collectionCode id="ED58AE7EFFCD921A17B8184DFACA395B" box="[1218,1289,563,587]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">valves</collectionCode>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D38FFCD921A164D184CFEC7397F" class="Bivalvia" family="Pteriidae" genus="Pinctada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="imbricata">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA9FFCD921A164D184CFEC7397F" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Pinctada imbricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3536530FFCD921A13BD1804FA803F53" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF636BBFFCD921A13BD1804FA803F53" blockId="8.[151,1438,526,1667]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA9FFCD921A13BD1804FEB73983" bold="true" box="[199,372,634,659]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Redescription.</emphasis>
Colony encrusting (
<figureCitation id="13722A3EFFCD921A11191805FD013983" box="[611,706,634,659]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1634,1656]" captionTargetBox="[159,1434,187,1617]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[159,1434,187,1617]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parasmittina loxoides WINSTON, VIEIRA &amp; WOOLLACOTT, 2014, UFBA 1621. A. OVERVIEW Of A COLONY. B. GROUP Of AUTOZOOIDS SHOWINg THE LARgE, MARgINAL PORES AND A LARgE AVICULARIUM. C. CLOSE-UP Of A PRIMARY ORIfICE SHOWINg A SINgLE ORAL SPINE BASE, LYRULA AND CONDYLES. D. GROUP Of AUTOZOOIDS SHOWINg TRIANgULAR (ARROW) AND OBOVATE TO TRUNCATE (CIRCLE) AVICULARIA. E. GROUP Of OVICELLED ZOOIDS WITH SEVERAL TYPES Of AVICULARIA. F. CLOSE-UP Of OVICELLED ZOOIDS. SCALE BARS: A, 500 µM; B, D, E, 200 µM; C, 50 µM; F, 100 µM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1292029/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
), uni- to multilaminar. Autozooids (
<figureCitation id="13722A3EFFCD921A17121805FB013983" box="[1128,1218,634,659]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1634,1656]" captionTargetBox="[159,1434,187,1617]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[159,1434,187,1617]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parasmittina loxoides WINSTON, VIEIRA &amp; WOOLLACOTT, 2014, UFBA 1621. A. OVERVIEW Of A COLONY. B. GROUP Of AUTOZOOIDS SHOWINg THE LARgE, MARgINAL PORES AND A LARgE AVICULARIUM. C. CLOSE-UP Of A PRIMARY ORIfICE SHOWINg A SINgLE ORAL SPINE BASE, LYRULA AND CONDYLES. D. GROUP Of AUTOZOOIDS SHOWINg TRIANgULAR (ARROW) AND OBOVATE TO TRUNCATE (CIRCLE) AVICULARIA. E. GROUP Of OVICELLED ZOOIDS WITH SEVERAL TYPES Of AVICULARIA. F. CLOSE-UP Of OVICELLED ZOOIDS. SCALE BARS: A, 500 µM; B, D, E, 200 µM; C, 50 µM; F, 100 µM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1292029/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
) subrectangular to polygonal, surrounded by 18–28 large marginal pores. Frontal wall centrally imperforate, rough. Primary orifice (
<figureCitation id="13722A3EFFCD921A13E418BDFF3A39CB" box="[158,249,706,731]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1634,1656]" captionTargetBox="[159,1434,187,1617]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[159,1434,187,1617]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parasmittina loxoides WINSTON, VIEIRA &amp; WOOLLACOTT, 2014, UFBA 1621. A. OVERVIEW Of A COLONY. B. GROUP Of AUTOZOOIDS SHOWINg THE LARgE, MARgINAL PORES AND A LARgE AVICULARIUM. C. CLOSE-UP Of A PRIMARY ORIfICE SHOWINg A SINgLE ORAL SPINE BASE, LYRULA AND CONDYLES. D. GROUP Of AUTOZOOIDS SHOWINg TRIANgULAR (ARROW) AND OBOVATE TO TRUNCATE (CIRCLE) AVICULARIA. E. GROUP Of OVICELLED ZOOIDS WITH SEVERAL TYPES Of AVICULARIA. F. CLOSE-UP Of OVICELLED ZOOIDS. SCALE BARS: A, 500 µM; B, D, E, 200 µM; C, 50 µM; F, 100 µM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1292029/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
) longer than wide, distal margin smooth, not beaded; 1–2 oral spines; lyrula short, relatively narrow, truncate (non-alate), occupying about one-sixth or less of orifice length; two downward-directed condyles with serrated tips.
<materialsCitation id="3B213CE6FFCD921A12551975FC6B3833" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1849335956" box="[303,936,779,803]" collectionCode="SECONDARY, ORIFICE, LOW, DEVELOPED, TWO, LATERAL, FLANGES" country="American Samoa" location="AS" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED58AE7EFFCD921A12551975FDE83833" box="[303,555,779,803]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Secondary orifice low</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED58AE7EFFCD921A114D1975FD693833" box="[567,682,779,803]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">developed</collectionCode>
<collectingCountry id="F35E762BFFCD921A11C81975FD0A3833" box="[690,713,779,803]" name="American Samoa" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">as</collectingCountry>
<collectionCode id="ED58AE7EFFCD921A11A81975FC6B3833" box="[722,936,779,803]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">two lateral flanges</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
. Avicularia of three types. Avicularia type 1 (
<figureCitation id="13722A3EFFCD921A13E41951FF3F3857" box="[158,252,814,839]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1634,1656]" captionTargetBox="[159,1434,187,1617]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[159,1434,187,1617]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parasmittina loxoides WINSTON, VIEIRA &amp; WOOLLACOTT, 2014, UFBA 1621. A. OVERVIEW Of A COLONY. B. GROUP Of AUTOZOOIDS SHOWINg THE LARgE, MARgINAL PORES AND A LARgE AVICULARIUM. C. CLOSE-UP Of A PRIMARY ORIfICE SHOWINg A SINgLE ORAL SPINE BASE, LYRULA AND CONDYLES. D. GROUP Of AUTOZOOIDS SHOWINg TRIANgULAR (ARROW) AND OBOVATE TO TRUNCATE (CIRCLE) AVICULARIA. E. GROUP Of OVICELLED ZOOIDS WITH SEVERAL TYPES Of AVICULARIA. F. CLOSE-UP Of OVICELLED ZOOIDS. SCALE BARS: A, 500 µM; B, D, E, 200 µM; C, 50 µM; F, 100 µM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1292029/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
, arrow) small, triangular, varying in orientation, frequently single, occasionally paired, distolateral or proximolateral to peristome, sometimes along autozooid margin on one side. Avicularia type 2 (
<figureCitation id="13722A3EFFCD921A1790192DFA84387B" box="[1258,1351,850,875]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1634,1656]" captionTargetBox="[159,1434,187,1617]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[159,1434,187,1617]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parasmittina loxoides WINSTON, VIEIRA &amp; WOOLLACOTT, 2014, UFBA 1621. A. OVERVIEW Of A COLONY. B. GROUP Of AUTOZOOIDS SHOWINg THE LARgE, MARgINAL PORES AND A LARgE AVICULARIUM. C. CLOSE-UP Of A PRIMARY ORIfICE SHOWINg A SINgLE ORAL SPINE BASE, LYRULA AND CONDYLES. D. GROUP Of AUTOZOOIDS SHOWINg TRIANgULAR (ARROW) AND OBOVATE TO TRUNCATE (CIRCLE) AVICULARIA. E. GROUP Of OVICELLED ZOOIDS WITH SEVERAL TYPES Of AVICULARIA. F. CLOSE-UP Of OVICELLED ZOOIDS. SCALE BARS: A, 500 µM; B, D, E, 200 µM; C, 50 µM; F, 100 µM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1292029/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
, circle) small, obovate to truncate, frequently single, occasionally paired, marginal, commonly replacing an areolar pore. Avicularia type 3 (
<figureCitation id="13722A3EFFCD921A121319E5FE2238A3" box="[361,481,922,947]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1634,1656]" captionTargetBox="[159,1434,187,1617]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[159,1434,187,1617]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parasmittina loxoides WINSTON, VIEIRA &amp; WOOLLACOTT, 2014, UFBA 1621. A. OVERVIEW Of A COLONY. B. GROUP Of AUTOZOOIDS SHOWINg THE LARgE, MARgINAL PORES AND A LARgE AVICULARIUM. C. CLOSE-UP Of A PRIMARY ORIfICE SHOWINg A SINgLE ORAL SPINE BASE, LYRULA AND CONDYLES. D. GROUP Of AUTOZOOIDS SHOWINg TRIANgULAR (ARROW) AND OBOVATE TO TRUNCATE (CIRCLE) AVICULARIA. E. GROUP Of OVICELLED ZOOIDS WITH SEVERAL TYPES Of AVICULARIA. F. CLOSE-UP Of OVICELLED ZOOIDS. SCALE BARS: A, 500 µM; B, D, E, 200 µM; C, 50 µM; F, 100 µM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1292029/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 5B, E</figureCitation>
) large, spatulate, with orientation depending on location, commonly lateral (straight or with rostrum arched up) and distally directed, sometimes oblique to orifice, with subtriangular foramen and calcified palate occupying about half rostrum length, becoming longer with age. Ovicell (
<figureCitation id="13722A3EFFCD921A17E3199DFAD238EB" box="[1177,1297,994,1019]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1634,1656]" captionTargetBox="[159,1434,187,1617]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[159,1434,187,1617]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parasmittina loxoides WINSTON, VIEIRA &amp; WOOLLACOTT, 2014, UFBA 1621. A. OVERVIEW Of A COLONY. B. GROUP Of AUTOZOOIDS SHOWINg THE LARgE, MARgINAL PORES AND A LARgE AVICULARIUM. C. CLOSE-UP Of A PRIMARY ORIfICE SHOWINg A SINgLE ORAL SPINE BASE, LYRULA AND CONDYLES. D. GROUP Of AUTOZOOIDS SHOWINg TRIANgULAR (ARROW) AND OBOVATE TO TRUNCATE (CIRCLE) AVICULARIA. E. GROUP Of OVICELLED ZOOIDS WITH SEVERAL TYPES Of AVICULARIA. F. CLOSE-UP Of OVICELLED ZOOIDS. SCALE BARS: A, 500 µM; B, D, E, 200 µM; C, 50 µM; F, 100 µM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1292029/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 5E, F</figureCitation>
) prominent, peripherally covered by secondary calcification from surrounding zooids; becoming submersed with increasing calcification; ectooecium perforated by 21–26 small pseudopores that sometimes coalesce with each other.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3536530FFCD921A13BD1E30FBAE3FC3" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF636BBFFCD921A13BD1E30FBAE3FC3" blockId="8.[151,1438,526,1667]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA9FFCD921A13BD1E30FEF83F77" bold="true" box="[199,315,1102,1127]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B4AFFCD921A12391E31FDF53F77" box="[323,566,1102,1127]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" refId="ref14355" refString="WINSTON, J. E., VIEIRA, L. M. &amp; WOOLLACOTT, R. M. (2014) SCIENTIfIC RESULTS Of THE Hassler ExPEDITION. BRYOZOA. NO. 2. BRAZIL. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 161 (5), 139 - 239." type="journal article">
Winston
<emphasis id="B93DEAA9FFCD921A12D31E31FE203F77" box="[425,483,1102,1127]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
recently described
<taxonomicName id="4C494D38FFCD921A106E1E31FC4D3F77" authorityName="WINSTON, VIEIRA &amp; WOOLLACOTT" authorityYear="2014" box="[788,910,1102,1127]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="loxoides">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA9FFCD921A106E1E31FC4D3F77" box="[788,910,1102,1127]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">P. loxoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on specimens from
<collectingRegion id="498DF859FFCD921A17C51E31FAAB3F77" box="[1215,1384,1103,1127]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
, and also reassigned to this species specimens from
<collectingRegion id="498DF859FFCD921A11B01E0DFC823F9B" box="[714,833,1139,1163]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
previously reported
<collectingCountry id="F35E762BFFCD921A17431E0DFB933F9B" box="[1081,1104,1139,1163]" name="American Samoa" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">as</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="4C494D38FFCD921A17261E0AFF2A3FBF" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1937" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="loxa">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA9FFCD921A17261E0AFAE83F9B" box="[1116,1323,1138,1163]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Parasmittina loxa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B4AFFCD921A16471E0DFF223FBF" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" refId="ref12780" refString="MARCUS, E. (1937 B) BRYOZOEN VON ST. HELENA. IN PAPERS fROM DOKTOR TH. MORTENSEN'S PACIfIC ExPEDITION 1914 - 16, LXIX. Fideskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening I KjObenhavn, 101, 183 - 252." type="journal article">Marcus, 1937b</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The
<typeStatus id="54F28819FFCD921A125F1EE9FE443FBF" box="[293,391,1175,1199]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D38FFCD921A12D61EE9FE353FBF" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[428,502,1174,1199]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="loxa">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA9FFCD921A12D61EE9FE353FBF" box="[428,502,1174,1199]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">P. loxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F35E762BFFCD921A11401EE9FD113FBF" box="[570,722,1175,1199]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<collectingRegion id="498DF859FFCD921A11401EE9FD113FBF" box="[570,722,1175,1199]" country="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" name="Saint Helena" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Santa Helena</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
, a volcanic
<collectingCountry id="F35E762BFFCD921A102E1EE9FC543FBF" box="[852,919,1175,1199]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">island</collectingCountry>
in the tropical South Atlantic Ocean, has been destroyed, thus preventing comparison with the Brazilian species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B4AFFCD921A10071EC5FBA23FC3" box="[893,1121,1210,1235]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" refId="ref14355" refString="WINSTON, J. E., VIEIRA, L. M. &amp; WOOLLACOTT, R. M. (2014) SCIENTIfIC RESULTS Of THE Hassler ExPEDITION. BRYOZOA. NO. 2. BRAZIL. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 161 (5), 139 - 239." type="journal article">
Winston
<emphasis id="B93DEAA9FFCD921A109F1EC2FBD53FC3" box="[997,1046,1210,1235]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3536530FFCD921A13BD1EA1FB923D2B" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF636BBFFCD921A13BD1EA1FC7B3E97" blockId="8.[151,1438,526,1667]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
Since
<taxonomicName id="4C494D38FFCD921A12761EA1FE463FE7" authorityName="WINSTON, VIEIRA &amp; WOOLLACOTT" authorityYear="2014" box="[268,389,1246,1271]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="loxoides">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA9FFCD921A12761EA1FE463FE7" box="[268,389,1246,1271]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">P. loxoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described from a single colony fragment mounted on a SEM stub (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B4AFFCD921A16651EA1FF343E0B" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" refId="ref14355" refString="WINSTON, J. E., VIEIRA, L. M. &amp; WOOLLACOTT, R. M. (2014) SCIENTIfIC RESULTS Of THE Hassler ExPEDITION. BRYOZOA. NO. 2. BRAZIL. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 161 (5), 139 - 239." type="journal article">
Winston
<emphasis id="B93DEAA9FFCD921A16F21EA1FF6E3E0B" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
), some morphological characters were not evident (i.e. presence and number of oral spines, ornamentation of condyles, frequency and types of avicularia). Since the taxonomy of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D38FFCD921A10CF1F59FB243E2F" authority="Osburn, 1952" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[949,1255,1318,1343]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Parasmittina">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA9FFCD921A10CF1F59FB843E2E" box="[949,1095,1319,1342]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Parasmittina</emphasis>
Osburn, 1952
</taxonomicName>
is mainly based on the morphology of primary orifice (i.e. distal margin, condyles and lyrula), avicularia and ovicell (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B4AFFCD921A16421F35FEDB3E97" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" refId="ref13612" refString="SOULE, D. F. &amp; SOULE, J. D. (1973) MORPHOLOgY AND SPECIATION Of HAWAIIAN AND EASTERN PACIfIC SMITTINIDAE (BRYOZOA, ECTOPROCTA). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 152 (6), 365 - 440." type="journal article">Soule &amp; Soule 1973</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B4AFFCD921A125E1F11FE9C3E97" box="[292,351,1391,1415]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" refId="ref13710" refString="SOULE, D. F. &amp; SOULE, J. D. (2002) THE EASTERN PACIfIC Parasmittina trispinosa COMPLEx (BRYOZOA, CHEILOSTOMATIDA): NEW AND PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED SPECIES. Irene McCulloch Foundation Monograph Series, 5, 1 - 40." type="journal article">2002</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B4AFFCD921A12101F11FD893E97" box="[362,586,1390,1415]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" refId="ref14355" refString="WINSTON, J. E., VIEIRA, L. M. &amp; WOOLLACOTT, R. M. (2014) SCIENTIfIC RESULTS Of THE Hassler ExPEDITION. BRYOZOA. NO. 2. BRAZIL. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 161 (5), 139 - 239." type="journal article">
Winston
<emphasis id="B93DEAA9FFCD921A12B51F11FDC33E97" box="[463,512,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C494D38FFCD921A11271F11FD153E97" authorityName="WINSTON, VIEIRA &amp; WOOLLACOTT" authorityYear="2014" box="[605,726,1390,1415]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="loxoides">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA9FFCD921A11271F11FD153E97" box="[605,726,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">P. loxoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is here redescribed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636BBFFCD921A13BD1FEDFB923D2B" blockId="8.[151,1438,526,1667]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
The following combination of characters distinguishes
<taxonomicName id="4C494D38FFCD921A104F1FEAFC6F3EBB" authorityName="WINSTON, VIEIRA &amp; WOOLLACOTT" authorityYear="2014" box="[821,940,1426,1451]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="loxoides">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA9FFCD921A104F1FEAFC6F3EBB" box="[821,940,1426,1451]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">P. loxoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from congeners: autozooids subrectangular to polygonal, with large marginal pores; 1 or 2 oral spines; lyrula short, relatively narrow, truncate (non-alate); condyles with serrate tips; three types of avicularia (small, triangular; small, obovate; large, spatulate); ectooecium of ovicell with 21–26 small pseudopores. Also, among the eight species of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D38FFCD921A10A11F81FBAE3D06" ID-CoL="84RR9" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[987,1133,1535,1558]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA9FFCD921A10A11F81FBAE3D06" box="[987,1133,1535,1558]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Parasmittina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
known from Brazil (Vieira
<emphasis id="B93DEAA9FFCD921A13ED1C5AFF0B3D2B" box="[151,200,1570,1595]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">et al</emphasis>
. 2018),
<taxonomicName id="4C494D38FFCD921A125F1C5AFE5D3D2B" authorityName="WINSTON, VIEIRA &amp; WOOLLACOTT" authorityYear="2014" box="[293,414,1570,1595]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="loxoides">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA9FFCD921A125F1C5AFE5D3D2B" box="[293,414,1570,1595]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">P. loxoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unique in having large avicularia (type 3) distally directed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3536530FFCD921A13BD1C38FEDC3D93" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF636BBFFCD921A13BD1C38FEDC3D93" blockId="8.[151,1438,526,1667]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="B93DEAA9FFCD921A13BD1C38FEA33D4F" bold="true" box="[199,352,1606,1631]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="498DF859FFCD921A12121C39FE003D4F" box="[360,451,1607,1631]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Western</collectingRegion>
Atlantic:
<collectingCountry id="F35E762BFFCD921A114F1C39FDBA3D4F" box="[565,633,1607,1631]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="498DF859FFCD921A11FD1C39FD0C3D4F" box="[647,719,1607,1631]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Bahia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="498DF859FFCD921A11A01C39FCBD3D4F" box="[730,894,1607,1631]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="498DF859FFCD921A10CC1C39FBE83D4F" box="[950,1067,1607,1631]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
) (Almeida
<emphasis id="B93DEAA9FFCD921A17D01C39FB203D4F" box="[1194,1251,1606,1631]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">et al.</emphasis>
2015a;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B4AFFCD921A16441C39FED03D93" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" refId="ref14355" refString="WINSTON, J. E., VIEIRA, L. M. &amp; WOOLLACOTT, R. M. (2014) SCIENTIfIC RESULTS Of THE Hassler ExPEDITION. BRYOZOA. NO. 2. BRAZIL. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 161 (5), 139 - 239." type="journal article">
Winston
<emphasis id="B93DEAA9FFCD921A13ED1C12FF0B3D93" box="[151,200,1642,1667]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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