treatments-xml/data/03/E0/05/03E0056B5607A728FF63FC8C81E8FC15.xml

<document id="FE003E0D18E5432C33A20DB158B3721E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5569.2.10" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14733927" ID-ZooBank="04DA3B04-E39C-4B05-A89F-16F62F27D707" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1737734179638" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ahmed, Quratulan, Ali, Qadeer Mohammad, Shaikh, Iqra &amp; Thandar, Ahmed" docDate="2025" docId="03E0056B5607A728FF63FC8C81E8FC15" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5569.2.10.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5569 (2)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5569.2.10" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Holothuria (Selenkothuria) parva Krauss" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="398" masterDocId="FFD97D135605A72DFFF4FFCE8264FF94" masterDocTitle="Holothuria (Selenkothuria) parva Krauss (in Lampert, 1885) (Holothuroidea: Holothuriida: Holothuriidae), new addition to the holothuroid fauna of Pakistan" masterLastPageNumber="399" masterPageNumber="393" pageNumber="395" updateTime="1737978122451" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="3B7E705FFB43DB042F614F852470D700" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="CE6420160953024643CDCC82CEAE6964">
<mods:title id="728A030A7C75C3F13993D4A04F5F1B0B">Holothuria (Selenkothuria) parva Krauss (in Lampert, 1885) (Holothuroidea: Holothuriida: Holothuriidae), new addition to the holothuroid fauna of Pakistan</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="3BFF2C523BB76A66B0097B464019AA78" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6AA5955566302731E5FEAD2518920936">
<mods:roleTerm id="00505F8C023DD5F90A9AFCBC9BD1457F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DB8E9CB51EF5D953A771E3CBF7AAE79F">Ahmed, Quratulan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8949B6513F766D73E94AF749063DA49D">The Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270 Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="37FB009A79F191EF0948F29597742119" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3726A0644E99D917DC5C8E0AA6D7406C">
<mods:roleTerm id="3636AE7EDCD000969B45CC18E81C2566">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="06136E9EC73534554980C79A23529B46">Ali, Qadeer Mohammad</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F8FD82DCC97E41DDBDE315026F8D16CA">The Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270 Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="1C854048BD36CFB533D27793796DE062" type="personal">
<mods:role id="71A6AC288CC3E16F783C02CFA8F041F5">
<mods:roleTerm id="F76834E45E5B8E6039DBBFBB285FC3C1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D488ECAF12C4D642C06294B4844E9D3A">Shaikh, Iqra</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2D07E76D0E08EC35528E7DE9DAF37FF8">The Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270 Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="38A96072227025D6DF491BBC575BCC20" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FFBB780B6081F97312573B9C033C0EC6">
<mods:roleTerm id="BBADABF580C41B88D934471BD0616445">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="395AA9399687D8FF8123744C18FAF981">Thandar, Ahmed</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C309B900BCFE4101039929B6BC4F7092">The Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270 Pakistan &amp; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P / Bagx 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa &amp; The Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270 Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="0875D5637A588E32CA6F47646B955E56">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="337F6650A6B284B1319CEDD9B0EE6FCC" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="D84AC1F1BF142742505CEAFBB8C90760">
<mods:title id="B7DACF45AEBD3B621FFF2C2CEC394B6A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="5C8B94CF43879140EAC9743AF8EDB08F">
<mods:date id="6FEC1081B421E9DA099F1ACEF9DB03D0">2025</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="49D87160D957A2A65B6BCA7B11E0D968" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="A0D4AE71FDC5039B8D6F09B0EFCB0ED1">2025-01-14</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="740D81ED7191297B3FEFDA14619FBF8E" type="volume">
<mods:number id="3F8802DC62180BAC4EF9E11D5311A58B">5569</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="4B4A7283CFA40A0A0B1D5BE251775F32" type="issue">
<mods:number id="6E9F5654DD99C47CFA67977CF5B37E97">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="F0BDA24323B5BB32CDFDC67B62E19642" unit="page">
<mods:start id="48638AAB19405BDA950BD33C5EBAB189">393</mods:start>
<mods:end id="5C3D90312D5DAD3EDA073E206700C77B">399</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="8E267B4EA1CDBFFC436A2E008D67C0CB">
<mods:url id="4B994866C7CE686285529858D1C49A48">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5569.2.10</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="15DB789DD0FD8A9EEDD0CDF7288506C4">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="F4B9D6C800536FBC99C1C84959AEB479" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5569.2.10</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0EEE8335A9A12F336C684A6C6AE20358" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B3750425183A35F2384548BC553A8AC7" type="Zenodo-Dep">14733927</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="776B2C2C2796592D23D010835DE946BC" type="ZooBank">04DA3B04-E39C-4B05-A89F-16F62F27D707</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03E0056B5607A728FF63FC8C81E8FC15" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14747810" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14747810" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E0056B5607A728FF63FC8C81E8FC15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E0056B5607A728FF63FC8C81E8FC15" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="398" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">
<subSubSection id="C353E7F65607A72FFF63FC8C81E0FCC8" box="[151,900,834,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF6B47D5607A72FFF63FC8C81E0FCC8" blockId="2.[151,900,834,897]" box="[151,900,834,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">
<heading id="D0BE03115607A72FFF63FC8C81E0FCC8" bold="true" box="[151,900,834,861]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B93D686F5607A72FFF63FC8C81E0FCC8" bold="true" box="[151,900,834,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">
<taxonomicName id="4C49CFFE5607A72FFF63FC8C80F6FCC9" ID-CoL="6LYTZ" authority="Krauss" authorityName="Krauss" box="[151,658,834,861]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="parva" subGenus="Selenkothuria">
<emphasis id="B93D686F5607A72FFF63FC8C8054FCC9" bold="true" box="[151,560,834,861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">Holothuria (Selenkothuria) parva</emphasis>
Krauss
</taxonomicName>
(in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5607A72FFD36FC8D8118FCC8" author="Lampert, K." box="[706,892,834,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" pagination="1 - 311" refId="ref3002" refString="Lampert, K. (1885) Die Seewalzen, eineSystematische Monographiemit Bestimmungs und Verbreitungs Tabellen. In: Semper, C. (Ed.), Zweiterteil. Wissen schaftliche Resultate. Wiesbaden, 4 (3), 1 - 311, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1885">Lampert, 1885</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C353E7F65607A72FFF63FCA98320FC15" box="[151,324,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF6B47D5607A72FFF63FCA98320FC15" blockId="2.[151,900,834,897]" box="[151,324,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">
(
<figureCitation id="1372A8F85607A72FFF6BFCA9836EFC15" box="[159,266,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[197,1390,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holothuria parva Krauss (in Lampert, 1885): A. live specimen; B. dorsal side of preserved specimen; C. calcareous ring (R—radial plate, IR—interradial plate); D. body wall rods, E. podia endplate; F. podia rods; G. tentacle rods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14733933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14733933/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">Figures 2</figureCitation>
&amp; 
<figureCitation id="1372A8F85607A72FFED9FCA9835FFC15" box="[301,315,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[207,1377,191,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[201,1387,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holothuria parva Krauss in (Lampert, 1885): A. body wall rods; B. podia plate; C. podia rods; D. tentacle rods; E. calcareous ring (R—radial plate, IR—interradial plate)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14733935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14733935/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C353E7F65607A72FFF63FC65816DFB43" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF6B47D5607A72FFF63FC6580F5FB95" blockId="2.[151,1437,939,1239]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5993535607A72FFF63FC6587F9FC57" box="[151,1437,939,963]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">
<taxonomicName id="4C49CFFE5607A72FFF63FC6583F1FC57" ID-CoL="6LYTZ" authority="Krauss" authorityName="Krauss" box="[151,405,939,963]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B93D686F5607A72FFF63FC65832DFC57" box="[151,329,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">Holothuria parva</emphasis>
Krauss
</taxonomicName>
(inLampert, 1885): 246, pl. 1, fig. 38; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE8926C5607A72FFCE9FC6581A8FC57" author="Theel, H." box="[797,972,939,963]" page="264" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" year="1886">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5607A72FFCE9FC6581A8FC57" author="Theel, H." box="[797,972,939,963]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" pagination="1 - 290" refId="ref3968" refString="Theel, H. (1886) Holothuroidea. Part II. Report on the Scientific Results of the of the HMS ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876, Zoology, IV (34), 1 - 290, 16 pls." type="journal article" year="1886">Théel, 1886: 264</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE8926C5607A72FFC23FC658683FC57" author="Koehler, R. &amp; Vaney, C." box="[983,1255,939,963]" page="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" year="1908">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5607A72FFC23FC658683FC57" author="Koehler, R. &amp; Vaney, C." box="[983,1255,939,963]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" refId="ref2965" refString="Koehler, R. &amp; Vaney, C. (1908) Holothuriesrecuielles par l'Investigator dans l'OceanIndien. II. Les Holothuries Littorales. Trustees Indian Museum, Calcutta, 54 pp., 3 pls." type="book" year="1908">Koehler &amp;Vaney, 1908: 13</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 1, fig. 4; H.L.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5607A72FFF33FC048317FC76" author="Clark, H. L." box="[199,371,970,994]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" pagination="221 - 435" refId="ref2633" refString="Clark, H. L. (1923) The echinoderm fauna of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 13, 221 - 435." type="journal article" year="1923">Clark, 1923: 424</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5607A72FFE88FC048007FC76" author="Deichmann, E." box="[380,611,970,994]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" pagination="325 - 376" refId="ref2711" refString="Deichmann, E. (1948) The holothurian fauna of South Africa. Annals of the Natal Museum, 11 (2), 325 - 376." type="journal article" year="1948">Deichmann, 1948: 339</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 17, fig. 22–27; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5607A72FFCD7FC048677FC76" author="Cherbonnier, G." box="[803,1043,970,994]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" refId="ref2471" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1952) Contribution a la connaisance des holothuries de l'Afrique du sud. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 33, 469 - 509,16 pls." type="journal volume" year="1952">Cherbonnier, 1952: 503</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 49, fig. 1–23; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5607A72FFB33FC0487F9FC76" author="Eisapour, M. &amp; SalariAliabadi, M. A. &amp; Salamat, N. &amp; Nafisi Bahabadi, M. &amp; Salati, A. P." box="[1223,1437,970,994]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" pagination="63 - 81" refId="ref2784" refString="Eisapour, M., SalariAliabadi, M. A., Salamat, N., Nafisi Bahabadi, M. &amp; Salati, A. P. (2022) Identification and taxonomy of sea cucumbers (Holothuria) in Persian Gulf. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 21 (1), 63 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.22092 / ijfs. 2022.351042.0" type="journal article" year="2022">
Eisapour 
<emphasis id="B93D686F5607A72FFAD2FC05873CFC76" box="[1318,1368,970,994]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">et al.</emphasis>
, 2022:
</bibRefCitation>
67 &amp; 69, fig. 3; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5607A72FFE9DFC268056FB95" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[361,562,1000,1025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" refId="ref3929" refString="Thandar, A. S. (2022) A taxonomic monograph of the sea cucumbers of southern Africa (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Suricata 9. South African National Biodiversity Institute. Pretoria, 352 pp." type="book" year="2022">Thandar, 2022: 222</bibRefCitation>
. fig. 117.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF6B47D5607A72FFF63FBC981D5FB8B" blockId="2.[151,1437,939,1239]" box="[151,945,1031,1055]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">
<taxonomicName id="4C49CFFE5607A72FFF63FBC980BBFB8B" authority="Panning, 1934" authorityName="Panning" authorityYear="1934" box="[151,735,1031,1055]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="variety" species="lubrica" subGenus="Holothuria" variety="parva">
<emphasis id="B93D686F5607A72FFF63FBC9836CFB8B" box="[151,264,1031,1055]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">Holothuria</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B93D686F5607A72FFEE3FBC983ECFB8B" box="[279,392,1031,1055]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">Holothuria</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B93D686F5607A72FFE62FBC983BBFB8B" box="[406,479,1031,1055]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">lubrica</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B93D686F5607A72FFDFFFBC68022FB8B" box="[523,582,1032,1055]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">parva</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5607A72FFDB8FBC980BBFB8B" author="Panning, A." box="[588,735,1031,1055]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" pagination="24 - 50" refId="ref3316" refString="Panning, A. (1934) Die gattung Holothuria (2 Teil), Mit 3 Karten und 25 Abbildungenim Text. Mitteilungenaus dem ZoologischenStaatsinstut und Zoologischen Museum, Hamburg, 45, 24 - 50." type="journal article" year="1934">Panning, 1934</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(II): 45, text-fig. 39.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF6B47D5607A72FFF63FBE880F1FBAA" blockId="2.[151,1437,939,1239]" box="[151,661,1062,1086]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">
<taxonomicName id="4C49CFFE5607A72FFF63FBE880F5FBAA" authority="Mitsukuri, 1912: 97" authorityName="Mitsukuri" authorityPageNumber="97" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,657,1062,1086]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="variety" species="lubrica" variety="parva">
<emphasis id="B93D686F5607A72FFF63FBE88333FBAA" box="[151,343,1062,1086]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">Holothuria lubrica</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B93D686F5607A72FFE77FBE983DAFBAA" box="[387,446,1063,1086]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">parva</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5607A72FFE30FBE880F5FBAA" author="Mitsukuri, K." box="[452,657,1062,1086]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" pagination="1 - 284" refId="ref3285" refString="Mitsukuri, K. (1912) Studies onActinopodous Holothurioidea. Journal of the College of Science, Tokyo Imperial University, 29 (2), 1 - 284." type="journal article" year="1912">Mitsukuri, 1912: 97</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF6B47D5607A72FFF63FB8A8070FBC9" blockId="2.[151,1437,939,1239]" box="[151,532,1092,1117]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">
<taxonomicName id="4C49CFFE5607A72FFF63FB8A8074FBC9" authority="Heding, 1940: 120" authorityName="Heding" authorityPageNumber="120" authorityYear="1940" box="[151,528,1092,1117]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Halodeima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B93D686F5607A72FFF63FB8A832DFBC8" box="[151,329,1092,1116]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">Halodeima parva</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5607A72FFEA4FB8A8074FBC9" author="Heding, S. G." box="[336,528,1092,1117]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" pagination="113 - 137" refId="ref2856" refString="Heding, S. G. (1940) The holothurians of the Iranian Gulf. Danish Scientific Investigations in Iran, 2, 113 - 137." type="journal article" year="1940">Heding, 1940: 120</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF6B47D5607A72FFF63FBAD80DCFBEF" blockId="2.[151,1437,939,1239]" box="[151,696,1123,1147]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">
<taxonomicName id="4C49CFFE5607A72FFF63FBAD8037FBEF" authority="Deichmann, 1958: 315" authorityName="Deichmann" authorityPageNumber="315" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,595,1123,1147]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Selenkothuria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B93D686F5607A72FFF63FBAD8301FBEF" box="[151,357,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">Selenkothuria parva</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5607A72FFE98FBAD8037FBEF" author="Deichmann, E." box="[364,595,1123,1147]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" pagination="239 - 349" refId="ref2740" refString="Deichmann, E. (1958) The Holothuroidea collected by the ' Velero III' and ' IV' during the years 1932 - 1954, part II, Aspidochirota. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 11 (2), 239 - 349." type="journal article" year="1958">Deichmann, 1958: 315</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(passim).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF6B47D5607A72FFF63FB4C8002FB2C" blockId="2.[151,1437,939,1239]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">
<taxonomicName id="4C49CFFE5607A72FFF63FB4C80C6FB0E" authority="Rowe, 1969" authorityName="Rowe" authorityPageNumber="135" authorityYear="1969" box="[151,674,1154,1178]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="parva" subGenus="Selenkothuria">
<emphasis id="B93D686F5607A72FFF63FB4C836CFB0E" box="[151,264,1154,1178]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">Holothuria</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B93D686F5607A72FFEE3FB4C83C0FB0E" box="[279,420,1154,1178]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">Selenkothuria</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B93D686F5607A72FFE46FB4D8389FB0E" box="[434,493,1155,1178]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">parva</emphasis>
Rowe, 1969: 135
</taxonomicName>
(passim); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5607A72FFCFAFB4C8671FB0E" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Rowe, F. W. E." box="[782,1045,1154,1178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" refId="ref2662" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Rowe, F. W. E. (1971) Monograph of shallow-water Indo-West Pacific echinoderms. Trust British Museum (Natural History) Publication No. 690. British Museum (Natural History), London, 238 pp." type="book" year="1971">Clark &amp; Rowe, 1971: 178</bibRefCitation>
(dist.); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5607A72FFB91FB4C8714FB0E" author="Samyn, Y. &amp; VandenSpiegel, D. &amp; Massin, C." box="[1125,1392,1154,1178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" pagination="1 - 130" refId="ref3827" refString="Samyn, Y., VandenSpiegel, D. &amp; Massin, C. (2006) Taxonomie des holothuries des Comores. ABC Taxa, 1, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="2006">
Samyn 
<emphasis id="B93D686F5607A72FFB46FB4D8681FB0E" box="[1202,1253,1154,1178]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">et al.</emphasis>
, 2006: 94-95
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 72; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5607A72FFF1AFB6E83DBFB2D" author="Pourvali, N. &amp; Nabavi, M. B. &amp; Rezai, H. &amp; Doraghi, A. M. &amp; Mahvari, A. R." box="[238,447,1184,1209]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" pagination="395 - 399" refId="ref3397" refString="Pourvali, N., Nabavi, M. B., Rezai, H., Doraghi, A. M. &amp; Mahvari, A. R. (2014) Shallow-water Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) from Hormuz Island in the Persian Gulf, Iran. World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences, 6, 395 - 399. https: // doi. org / 10.5829 / idosi. wjfms. 2014.06.05.85144" type="journal article" year="2014">
Pourvali 
<emphasis id="B93D686F5607A72FFEBEFB6F83E7FB2C" box="[330,387,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">et al.,</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
; 397-398, fig. 5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF6B47D5607A72FFF63FB71816DFB43" blockId="2.[151,1437,939,1239]" box="[151,777,1215,1239]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">
<taxonomicName id="4C49CFFE5607A72FFF63FB7180A7FB43" authority="Thandar, 1977: 62" authorityName="Thandar" authorityPageNumber="62" authorityYear="1977" box="[151,707,1215,1239]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="perrieri" subGenus="Selenkothuria">
<emphasis id="B93D686F5607A72FFF63FB71836CFB43" box="[151,264,1215,1239]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">Holothuria</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B93D686F5607A72FFEE3FB7183C0FB43" box="[279,420,1215,1239]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">Selenkothuria</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B93D686F5607A72FFE46FB0E8065FB43" box="[434,513,1216,1239]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">perrieri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5607A72FFDF3FB7180A7FB43" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[519,707,1215,1239]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" pagination="57 - 66" refId="ref3859" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1977) Description of two new species of Holothuroidea from the east coast of South Africa. Annals of the Natal Museum, 23 (1), 57 - 66." type="journal article" year="1977">Thandar, 1977: 62</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C353E7F65607A72FFF63FACB83B6F98F" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF6B47D5607A72FFF63FACB83B6F98F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1285,1923]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">
<emphasis id="B93D686F5607A72FFF63FACB836EFA8B" bold="true" box="[151,266,1285,1311]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">Diagnosis</emphasis>
(from 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5607A72FFEA2FACB804DFA8B" author="Samyn, Y. &amp; VandenSpiegel, D. &amp; Massin, C." box="[342,553,1285,1312]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" pagination="1 - 130" refId="ref3827" refString="Samyn, Y., VandenSpiegel, D. &amp; Massin, C. (2006) Taxonomie des holothuries des Comores. ABC Taxa, 1, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="2006">
Samyn 
<emphasis id="B93D686F5607A72FFE5EFAC883BEFA8B" box="[426,474,1285,1311]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">et al</emphasis>
., 2006
</bibRefCitation>
, amended herein). The body dark brown, bivium lighter than trivium; podia and tentacles yellowish. Tegument relatively hard. Mouth ventral, encircled by 20 short peltate tentacles, anus terminal. Podia of trivium short, thick, with large, yellowish sucking discs; those of the bivium scattered, papilliform. Cuvierian tubules numerous, white, unbranched. Body wall ossicles short, thorny and/or spinous rods. Podial ossicles like those of body wall, with some ossicles bearing a hole resulting from fusion of some long spines; end plates present, multilocular, flat, with large central holes and smaller marginal ones. Tentacles with elongated spiny rods of varying length. Some podia plates with 5–12 holes, circular discs, and rod spicules in dorsal and ventral surfaces. Cuvierian organs present, unbranched.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C353E7F65607A72FFF33F9EB8302F913" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF6B47D5607A72FFF33F9EB8302F913" blockId="2.[151,1437,1285,1923]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">
<emphasis id="B93D686F5607A72FFF33F9EB83D2F9AB" bold="true" box="[199,438,1573,1599]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">Material examined.</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D4F7FF45607A72FFE37F9E88012F9AB" box="[451,630,1573,1600]" count="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" type="generic">Two specimens</specimenCount>
collected from the intertidal zone at Gariyan Beach (
<geoCoordinate id="EE7DD2BA5607A72FFB0AF9EB87FCF9D4" box="[1278,1432,1573,1600]" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" precision="15" seconds="57" value="25.015833">25°00’57” N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE7DD2BA5607A72FFF63F987834DF9F7" box="[151,297,1609,1635]" degrees="61" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" precision="15" seconds="44" value="61.77889">61°46’44” E</geoCoordinate>
) at low tide (at about - 
<quantity id="4CB119985607A72FFDC9F98780E9F9F0" box="[573,653,1609,1636]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" unit="m" value="0.14">0.14 m</quantity>
depth) by Qadeer Mohammad Ali, Iqra Shaikh and Ateeqa Baloch on 
<date id="FFF792BD5607A72FFF40F9A38306F913" box="[180,354,1645,1671]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" value="2022-08-11">11August 2022</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C353E7F65607A728FF33F95F8743FED5" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="398" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF6B47D5607A72FFF33F95F81D0F8AF" blockId="2.[151,1437,1285,1923]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">
<emphasis id="B93D686F5607A72FFF33F95F833DF93F" bold="true" box="[199,345,1681,1707]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">Description.</emphasis>
Length and weight of preserved specimens 
<quantity id="4CB119985607A72FFCAEF95F81FBF938" box="[858,927,1681,1708]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
/ 55 gr, and 
<quantity id="4CB119985607A72FFBC2F95F8609F938" box="[1078,1133,1681,1708]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
/ 41 gr, respectively. Live colouration dark brown bivium with lighter trivium, podia and tentacles yellowish, preserved specimens turn black within 24 hrs. Twenty small peltate tentacles surrounding the mouth. Podia of the bivium, few, papilliform with reduced discs and much smaller than those of the trivium. Podia of the trivium, short, thick, with wide yellowish suckers. Cuvierian organ made of numerous white unbranched tubules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF6B47D5607A72FFF33F88B86B5F817" blockId="2.[151,1437,1285,1923]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">
Calcareous ring stout, radial plates notched both anteriorly and posteriorly and several times as broad as the interradials; interradial plates small, triangular, sharply projecting anteriorly (
<figureCitation id="1372A8F85607A72FFC0CF8A7860FF817" box="[1016,1131,1897,1923]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[197,1390,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holothuria parva Krauss (in Lampert, 1885): A. live specimen; B. dorsal side of preserved specimen; C. calcareous ring (R—radial plate, IR—interradial plate); D. body wall rods, E. podia endplate; F. podia rods; G. tentacle rods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14733933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14733933/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">Figure 2C</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="1372A8F85607A72FFB55F8A786A0F817" box="[1185,1220,1897,1923]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[207,1377,191,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[201,1387,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holothuria parva Krauss in (Lampert, 1885): A. body wall rods; B. podia plate; C. podia rods; D. tentacle rods; E. calcareous ring (R—radial plate, IR—interradial plate)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14733935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14733935/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="395">3E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF36E4F55606A72EFF63F8598772F847" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14733933" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14733933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14733933/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="396" startId="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[197,1390,181,1919]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF6B47D5606A72EFF63F8598772F847" blockId="3.[151,1436,1943,2003]" pageId="3" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="B93D686F5606A72EFF63F8598376F83B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1943,1967]" pageId="3" pageNumber="396">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C49CFFE5606A72EFEE3F8598070F83B" authority="Krauss" authorityName="Krauss" box="[279,532,1943,1967]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="3" pageNumber="396" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B93D686F5606A72EFEE3F85983ACF83B" box="[279,456,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="396">Holothuria parva</emphasis>
Krauss
</taxonomicName>
(in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5606A72EFDCFF85680B0F83B" author="Lampert, K." box="[571,724,1943,1967]" pageId="3" pageNumber="396" pagination="1 - 311" refId="ref3002" refString="Lampert, K. (1885) Die Seewalzen, eineSystematische Monographiemit Bestimmungs und Verbreitungs Tabellen. In: Semper, C. (Ed.), Zweiterteil. Wissen schaftliche Resultate. Wiesbaden, 4 (3), 1 - 311, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1885">Lampert, 1885</bibRefCitation>
): A. live specimen; B. dorsal side of preserved specimen; C. calcareous ring (R—radial plate, IR—interradial plate); D. body wall rods, E. podia endplate; F. podia rods; G. tentacle rods.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF36E4F55601A729FF63F85980AEF840" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14733935" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14733935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14733935/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="397" startId="4.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[207,1377,191,1916]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF6B47D5601A729FF63F85980AEF840" blockId="4.[151,1437,1943,2004]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="B93D686F5601A729FF63F8598377F83B" bold="true" box="[151,275,1943,1967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C49CFFE5601A729FEEDF8568073F83B" authority="Krauss" authorityName="Krauss" box="[281,535,1944,1968]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="4" pageNumber="397" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B93D686F5601A729FEEDF85683AFF83B" box="[281,459,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="397">Holothuria parva</emphasis>
Krauss
</taxonomicName>
in (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5601A729FDCAF85680BDF83B" author="Lampert, K." box="[574,729,1943,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="397" pagination="1 - 311" refId="ref3002" refString="Lampert, K. (1885) Die Seewalzen, eineSystematische Monographiemit Bestimmungs und Verbreitungs Tabellen. In: Semper, C. (Ed.), Zweiterteil. Wissen schaftliche Resultate. Wiesbaden, 4 (3), 1 - 311, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1885">Lampert, 1885</bibRefCitation>
): A. body wall rods; B. podia plate; C. podia rods; D. tentacle rods; E. calcareous ring (R—radial plate, IR—interradial plate).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF6B47D5600A728FF33FF588743FED5" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">
<emphasis id="B93D686F5600A728FF33FF588349FF24" bold="true" box="[199,301,150,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">Ossicles.</emphasis>
Body wall deposits as large and short, spiny rods; podia with rods similar to those of the body wall, sometimes longer and perforated due to the fusion of some short or long spines, thus forming spiny plates; tentacles with elongated, perforated rods of varying length, the perforations resulting from fusions of tips of few short spines. Dorsal and ventral body wall rods 10–12 µm long (
<figureCitation id="1372A8F85600A728FD23FECD8128FE89" box="[727,844,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[197,1390,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holothuria parva Krauss (in Lampert, 1885): A. live specimen; B. dorsal side of preserved specimen; C. calcareous ring (R—radial plate, IR—interradial plate); D. body wall rods, E. podia endplate; F. podia rods; G. tentacle rods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14733933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14733933/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">Figure 2D</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="1372A8F85600A728FC77FECD81CCFE89" box="[899,936,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[207,1377,191,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[201,1387,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holothuria parva Krauss in (Lampert, 1885): A. body wall rods; B. podia plate; C. podia rods; D. tentacle rods; E. calcareous ring (R—radial plate, IR—interradial plate)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14733935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14733935/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">3A</figureCitation>
); podial rods 13–16 µm (
<figureCitation id="1372A8F85600A728FB30FECD8750FE89" box="[1220,1332,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[197,1390,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holothuria parva Krauss (in Lampert, 1885): A. live specimen; B. dorsal side of preserved specimen; C. calcareous ring (R—radial plate, IR—interradial plate); D. body wall rods, E. podia endplate; F. podia rods; G. tentacle rods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14733933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14733933/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">Figure 2F</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="1372A8F85600A728FA9FFECD87EAFE89" box="[1387,1422,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[207,1377,191,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[201,1387,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holothuria parva Krauss in (Lampert, 1885): A. body wall rods; B. podia plate; C. podia rods; D. tentacle rods; E. calcareous ring (R—radial plate, IR—interradial plate)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14733935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14733935/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">3C</figureCitation>
), end plates 150–180 µm in diameter (
<figureCitation id="1372A8F85600A728FDC6FEE980C7FED5" box="[562,675,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[197,1390,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holothuria parva Krauss (in Lampert, 1885): A. live specimen; B. dorsal side of preserved specimen; C. calcareous ring (R—radial plate, IR—interradial plate); D. body wall rods, E. podia endplate; F. podia rods; G. tentacle rods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14733933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14733933/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">Figure 2E</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="1372A8F85600A728FD2EFEE98099FED5" box="[730,765,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[207,1377,191,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[201,1387,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holothuria parva Krauss in (Lampert, 1885): A. body wall rods; B. podia plate; C. podia rods; D. tentacle rods; E. calcareous ring (R—radial plate, IR—interradial plate)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14733935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14733935/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">3B</figureCitation>
). Tentacle rods 110–150 µm (
<figureCitation id="1372A8F85600A728FBBEFEE986DBFED5" box="[1098,1215,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[197,1390,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holothuria parva Krauss (in Lampert, 1885): A. live specimen; B. dorsal side of preserved specimen; C. calcareous ring (R—radial plate, IR—interradial plate); D. body wall rods, E. podia endplate; F. podia rods; G. tentacle rods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14733933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14733933/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">Figure 2G</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="1372A8F85600A728FB01FEE9877EFED5" box="[1269,1306,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[207,1377,191,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[201,1387,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holothuria parva Krauss in (Lampert, 1885): A. body wall rods; B. podia plate; C. podia rods; D. tentacle rods; E. calcareous ring (R—radial plate, IR—interradial plate)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14733935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14733935/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">3D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C353E7F65600A728FF33FE8486AAFD8D" pageId="5" pageNumber="398" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF6B47D5600A728FF33FE8486AAFD8D" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">
<emphasis id="B93D686F5600A728FF33FE84833BFEF0" bold="true" box="[199,351,330,356]" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">Distribution.</emphasis>
Generally tropical-subtropical Indo-West Pacific species—recorded from the Red Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5600A728FAE0FE8587F4FEF1" author="Price, A. R. G." box="[1300,1424,331,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="398" pagination="3 - 21" refId="ref3473" refString="Price, A. R. G. (1982) Echinoderms of Saudi Arabia. Comparison between echinoderm faunas of Arabian Gulf, SE Arabia, Red Sea and Gulfs of Aqaba and Suez. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 4, 3 - 21." type="journal article" year="1982">Price 1982</bibRefCitation>
); Gulf of Aden, 
<collectingCountry id="F35EF4ED5600A728FECCFEA183F0FE1D" box="[312,404,367,393]" name="Djibouti" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">Djibouti</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5600A728FE56FEA18016FE1D" author="Cherbonnier, G." box="[418,626,366,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="398" pagination="129 - 183" refId="ref2505" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1955) Les holothuries de la Mer Rouge, in Resultats scientifiques des campagnes de la ' Calypso'. I. Campagneen Mer Rouge (1951 - 1952). Annales de l'InstitutOceanographique de Monaco, nouvelle serie, 30, 129 - 183." type="journal article" year="1955">Cherbonnier 1955</bibRefCitation>
); Persian Gulf (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5600A728FCEBFEA181D2FE1D" author="Heding, S. G." box="[799,950,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="398" pagination="113 - 137" refId="ref2856" refString="Heding, S. G. (1940) The holothurians of the Iranian Gulf. Danish Scientific Investigations in Iran, 2, 113 - 137." type="journal article" year="1940">Heding 1940</bibRefCitation>
); 
<collectingCountry id="F35EF4ED5600A728FC3DFEA18192FE1D" box="[969,1014,367,393]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">Iran</collectingCountry>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5600A728FC09FEA18686FE1D" author="Pourvali, N. &amp; Nabavi, M. B. &amp; Rezai, H. &amp; Doraghi, A. M. &amp; Mahvari, A. R." box="[1021,1250,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="398" pagination="395 - 399" refId="ref3397" refString="Pourvali, N., Nabavi, M. B., Rezai, H., Doraghi, A. M. &amp; Mahvari, A. R. (2014) Shallow-water Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) from Hormuz Island in the Persian Gulf, Iran. World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences, 6, 395 - 399. https: // doi. org / 10.5829 / idosi. wjfms. 2014.06.05.85144" type="journal article" year="2014">
Pourvali 
<emphasis id="B93D686F5600A728FB96FEA186F7FE1D" box="[1122,1171,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">et al</emphasis>
., 2014
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5600A728FB19FEA182B7FE39" author="Eisapour, M. &amp; SalariAliabadi, M. A. &amp; Salamat, N. &amp; Nafisi Bahabadi, M. &amp; Salati, A. P." pageId="5" pageNumber="398" pagination="63 - 81" refId="ref2784" refString="Eisapour, M., SalariAliabadi, M. A., Salamat, N., Nafisi Bahabadi, M. &amp; Salati, A. P. (2022) Identification and taxonomy of sea cucumbers (Holothuria) in Persian Gulf. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 21 (1), 63 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.22092 / ijfs. 2022.351042.0" type="journal article" year="2022">
Eisapour 
<emphasis id="B93D686F5600A728FAAAFEA187EBFE1D" box="[1374,1423,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">et al</emphasis>
., 2022
</bibRefCitation>
); Gulf of 
<collectingCountry id="F35EF4ED5600A728FEB0FE5D83EFFE39" box="[324,395,403,429]" name="Oman" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">Oman</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F35EF4ED5600A728FE6CFE5D838EFE39" box="[408,490,403,429]" name="Oman" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">Muscat</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5600A728FE0EFE5D80B0FE39" author="Price, A. R. G. &amp; Reid, C. E." box="[506,724,402,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="398" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref3520" refString="Price, A. R. G. &amp; Reid, C. E. (1985) Indian ocean echinoderms collected during the Sindbad voyage (1980 - 1981): 1. Holothurioidea. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 48, 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1985">Price &amp; Reid 1985</bibRefCitation>
), Bender Mtoni, 
<collectingCountry id="F35EF4ED5600A728FC62FE5D8195FE39" box="[918,1009,403,429]" name="Somalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">Somalia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5600A728FBF5FE5D86D1FE39" author="Tortonese, E." box="[1025,1205,403,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="398" pagination="99 - 139" refId="ref4013" refString="Tortonese, E. (1980) Researches on the coast of Somalia. Littoral Echinodermata. Monitore ZoologicoItaliano. Supplemento, 13 (1), 99 - 139." type="journal article" year="1980">Tortonese 1980</bibRefCitation>
); 
<collectingCountry id="F35EF4ED5600A728FB3EFE5D8749FE39" box="[1226,1325,403,429]" name="Tanzania" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5600A728FACAFE5D82AAFE45" author="Ludwig, H." pageId="5" pageNumber="398" pagination="537 - 563" refId="ref3154" refString="Ludwig, H. (1899) Echinodermen des Sansibargebietes. In: VOELTZKOW, A. (ed.), WissenschaftlicheErgebnisse Reisen in Madagascar und Ostafrica der in den Jahren 1889 - 95. Abhandlungen der SenckenbergischenNaturforschen Gesellschaft, 21 (1), 537 - 563." type="journal article" year="1899">Ludwig, 1899</bibRefCitation>
&amp; Mitsikuri1912), 
<collectingCountry id="F35EF4ED5600A728FE5EFE798075FE45" box="[426,529,439,465]" name="Tanzania" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
; Pangani (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5600A728FD72FE79814CFE45" author="Lampert, K." box="[646,808,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="398" pagination="49 - 71" refId="ref3050" refString="Lampert, K. (1896) Die von Dr. Stuhlmann in den Jahren 1888 - 1889 an der OstkUsteAfrikasgesammeltenHolothurien. Mitheilungenaus dem Natur historischen Museum Hamburg, 13, 49 - 71, 3 figs." type="journal article" year="1896">Lampert 1896</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F35EF4ED5600A728FCC9FE7981D3FE45" box="[829,951,439,465]" name="Seychelles" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
; Aldabra (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5600A728FBDEFE79868DFE45" author="Sloan, N. A. &amp; Clark, A. M. &amp; Taylor, J. D." box="[1066,1257,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="398" pagination="81 - 182" refId="ref3710" refString="Sloan, N. A., Clark, A. M. &amp; Taylor, J. D. (1979) The echinoderms of Aldabra and their habitats. Bulletin of the British Museum, Natural History. Zoology, 37 (2), 81 - 182." type="journal article" year="1979">
Sloan 
<emphasis id="B93D686F5600A728FB87FE7986C0FE45" box="[1139,1188,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">et al</emphasis>
.,1979
</bibRefCitation>
&amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5600A728FAFAFE7987F4FE45" author="Clark, A. M." box="[1294,1424,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="398" pagination="83 - 102" refId="ref2589" refString="Clark, A. M. (1984) Echinodermata of the Seychelles. In: Stoddart, D. R. (Ed.), Biogeography Seychelles and Ecology of the Islands. Monographiae biologicae, 55, 83 - 102." type="journal article" year="1984">Clark 1984</bibRefCitation>
); 
<collectingCountry id="F35EF4ED5600A728FF63FE15829FFE61" box="[151,251,475,501]" name="Comoros" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">Comores</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5600A728FEFCFE1583B2FE61" author="Cherbonnier, G." box="[264,470,475,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="398" refId="ref2555" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1988) Echinodermes: Holothurides. Faune de Madagascar. Publice les auspices du Gouvernement de la Republique Malgache, 70, ORSTOM, Paris, 292 pp." type="book" year="1988">Cherbonnier 1988</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F35EF4ED5600A728FE1CFE15800AFE61" box="[488,622,475,501]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5600A728FD8FFE15813AFE61" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Rowe, F. W. E." box="[635,862,475,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="398" refId="ref2662" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Rowe, F. W. E. (1971) Monograph of shallow-water Indo-West Pacific echinoderms. Trust British Museum (Natural History) Publication No. 690. British Museum (Natural History), London, 238 pp." type="book" year="1971">Clark &amp; Rowe 1971</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F35EF4ED5600A728FC84FE158662FE61" box="[880,1030,475,501]" name="Mozambique" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
; North and South Coast (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5600A728FAE3FE1587F4FE61" author="Kalk, M." box="[1303,1424,474,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="398" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref2935" refString="Kalk, M. (1959) A general ecological survey of some shores in northern Mozambique. Revista de Biologia, Lisbon, 2, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1959">Kalk 1959</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F35EF4ED5600A728FF63FE318340FD8D" box="[151,292,511,537]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5600A728FEC6FE3183B7FD8D" author="Lampert, K." box="[306,467,510,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="398" pagination="1 - 311" refId="ref3002" refString="Lampert, K. (1885) Die Seewalzen, eineSystematische Monographiemit Bestimmungs und Verbreitungs Tabellen. In: Semper, C. (Ed.), Zweiterteil. Wissen schaftliche Resultate. Wiesbaden, 4 (3), 1 - 311, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1885">Lampert 1885</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5600A728FE2AFE31803FFD8D" author="Theel, H." box="[478,603,511,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="398" pagination="1 - 290" refId="ref3968" refString="Theel, H. (1886) Holothuroidea. Part II. Report on the Scientific Results of the of the HMS ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876, Zoology, IV (34), 1 - 290, 16 pls." type="journal article" year="1886">Theel 1886</bibRefCitation>
&amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5600A728FD8BFE318124FD8D" author="Deichmann, E." box="[639,832,511,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="398" pagination="325 - 376" refId="ref2711" refString="Deichmann, E. (1948) The holothurian fauna of South Africa. Annals of the Natal Museum, 11 (2), 325 - 376." type="journal article" year="1948">Deichmann 1948</bibRefCitation>
; Natal (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5600A728FC62FE318651FD8D" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[918,1077,511,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="398" pagination="57 - 66" refId="ref3859" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1977) Description of two new species of Holothuroidea from the east coast of South Africa. Annals of the Natal Museum, 23 (1), 57 - 66." type="journal article" year="1977">Thandar 1977</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5600A728FBB4FE31861EFD8D" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[1088,1146,511,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="398" refId="ref3898" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1984) The Holothurian fauna of southern Africa. PhD thesis, University of Durban-Westville, Durban, South Africa, 566 pp." type="book" year="1984">1984</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5600A728FB72FE3186A6FD8D" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[1158,1218,511,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="398" refId="ref3929" refString="Thandar, A. S. (2022) A taxonomic monograph of the sea cucumbers of southern Africa (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Suricata 9. South African National Biodiversity Institute. Pretoria, 352 pp." type="book" year="2022">2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C353E7F65600A728FF33FDEC86C6FDA9" box="[199,1186,546,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="398" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BF6B47D5600A728FF33FDEC86C6FDA9" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,897]" box="[199,1186,546,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">
<emphasis id="B93D686F5600A728FF33FDEC834EFDA8" bold="true" box="[199,298,546,572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">Habitat.</emphasis>
The specimens were taken from the intertidal zone, under rock, buried in sand.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C353E7F65600A728FF33FD8981E8FC15" pageId="5" pageNumber="398" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF6B47D5600A728FF33FD8981E8FC15" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">
<emphasis id="B93D686F5600A728FF33FD89835FFDF5" bold="true" box="[199,315,583,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">Remarks.</emphasis>
We compared our specimens with those described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5600A728FC65FD898626FDF5" author="Lampert, K." box="[913,1090,582,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="398" pagination="1 - 311" refId="ref3002" refString="Lampert, K. (1885) Die Seewalzen, eineSystematische Monographiemit Bestimmungs und Verbreitungs Tabellen. In: Semper, C. (Ed.), Zweiterteil. Wissen schaftliche Resultate. Wiesbaden, 4 (3), 1 - 311, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1885">Lampert (1885)</bibRefCitation>
, Samyn 
<emphasis id="B93D686F5600A728FB56FD898684FDF5" box="[1186,1248,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">et al.,</emphasis>
(2006), Pourvali 
<emphasis id="B93D686F5600A728FF63FDA582B3FD11" box="[151,215,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">et al.,</emphasis>
(2014) and the diagnosis of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5600A728FDEAFDA580B6FD11" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[542,722,619,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="398" refId="ref3929" refString="Thandar, A. S. (2022) A taxonomic monograph of the sea cucumbers of southern Africa (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Suricata 9. South African National Biodiversity Institute. Pretoria, 352 pp." type="book" year="2022">Thandar (2022)</bibRefCitation>
. The colouration of our specimen was similar to that described by Samyn 
<emphasis id="B93D686F5600A728FEE1FD41833CFD3D" box="[277,344,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">et al.,</emphasis>
(2006) in being dark brown dorsally and lighter brown ventrally with the podia and tentacles yellowish. The body wall rods of our specimens are also short, massive, thick rods and covered with short thorns as described in Lampert, (1885). Our specimens also correspond well with the diagnosis given by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8C98C5600A728FB12FD1987FDFD65" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[1254,1433,727,753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="398" refId="ref3929" refString="Thandar, A. S. (2022) A taxonomic monograph of the sea cucumbers of southern Africa (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Suricata 9. South African National Biodiversity Institute. Pretoria, 352 pp." type="book" year="2022">Thandar (2022)</bibRefCitation>
. Most authors record 20 tentacles, but 18 tentacles are also observed by Eisapour 
<emphasis id="B93D686F5600A728FBEAFD35862BFC81" box="[1054,1103,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">et al</emphasis>
., (2022). Except for variation in the size of the ossicles, those of our materials strongly resemble those described by Samyn 
<emphasis id="B93D686F5600A728FB44FCD1868BFCAD" box="[1200,1263,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="398">et al.,</emphasis>
(2006) as stout rods with few irregularly arranged spines, body wall rods of 8–14 µm long, tentacle rods 100–150 µm long, podial rods 12–16 µm and end plates of a podium150–170 µm in diameter
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>