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<mods:title id="881E35301788394DE68B486C7778E160">Antarctic Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French-Australian survey CEAMARC in Terre Adélie</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D23FFBCFFCCFF621109FEDCFB99" box="[151,291,1043,1069]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B965EAB2FFBCFFCCFF621109FEDCFB99" bold="true" box="[151,291,1043,1069]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Holozoidae</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FFBCFFCCFF621140FDE9FBC0" blockId="16.[151,534,1114,1140]" box="[151,534,1114,1140]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="4C114D23FFBCFFCCFF621140FDE9FBC0" authority="Sluiter, 1932" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,534,1114,1140]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Distaplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colligans">
<emphasis id="B965EAB2FFBCFFCCFF621140FE87FBC0" bold="true" box="[151,376,1114,1140]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distaplia colligans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FFBCFFCCFE8A1140FDE9FBC0" author="Sluiter" box="[383,534,1114,1140]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Sluiter, C. P. (1932) Die von Dr. L. Kohl-Larsen gesammelten Ascidien von Sud-Georgien und der Stewart Insel. Senkenbergiana, 14, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1932">Sluiter, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FFBCFFCCFF6211BBFA72FB03" blockId="16.[151,1421,1185,1207]" box="[151,1421,1185,1207]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FFBCFFCCFF6211BBFEE3FB03" author="Sluiter" box="[151,284,1185,1207]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Sluiter, C. P. (1932) Die von Dr. L. Kohl-Larsen gesammelten Ascidien von Sud-Georgien und der Stewart Insel. Senkenbergiana, 14, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1932">Sluiter, 1932</bibRefCitation>
: 7.
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FFBCFFCCFECA11BBFE44FB03" author="Millar" box="[319,443,1185,1207]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Millar, R. H. (1960) Ascidiacea. Discovery Reports, 30, 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1960">Millar 1960</bibRefCitation>
: 77.
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FFBCFFCCFE1E11B8FDABFB03" author="Kott" box="[491,596,1185,1207]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Kott, P. (1969) Antarctic Ascidiacea. Antarctic Research Series, 13, 1 - 239." type="journal article" year="1969">Kott 1969</bibRefCitation>
: 32 and synonymy.
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FFBCFFCCFCE811B8FBC4FB03" author="Sanamyan" box="[797,1083,1185,1207]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Sanamyan, K. E. &amp; Schories, D (2003) Ascidians from the Strait of Magellan. Aqua, Journal of Ichtyology and Aquatic Biology, 7 (3), 89 - 96." type="journal article" year="2003">Sanamyan &amp; Schories 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 94 figs 3C, D, 4, and synonymy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FFBCFFCCFF6211FEFEC0FB48" blockId="16.[151,319,1252,1276]" box="[151,319,1252,1276]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Stations: 517.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FFBCFFCCFF621036FF21F98B" blockId="16.[151,1436,1324,1744]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
The soft spongy colonies are poorly preserved. They form flat cushions or settle in sleeves around hard polychetes tubes. Colourless in fixative liquids, the colonies may have been yellow in life as bright yellow cushions can be seen on the video recorded on board during the sampling. This is also suggested by the color photos given by
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FFBCFFCCFA9C106EFDB1FA1B" author="Sanamyan" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Sanamyan, K. E. &amp; Schories, D (2003) Ascidians from the Strait of Magellan. Aqua, Journal of Ichtyology and Aquatic Biology, 7 (3), 89 - 96." type="journal article" year="2003">
Sanamyan and Schories (2003
<figureCitation id="132A2A25FFBCFFCCFE39108DFDF0FA1B" box="[460,527,1431,1455]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1192,1215]" captionTargetBox="[162,1416,666,1150]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,666,1171]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Polysyncraton trivolutum. A, larva, scale bar = 1 mm; B, colonies." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277177/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
C, D)
</bibRefCitation>
for this species. The zooids in less damaged colonies have 4 rows of stigmata crossed by parastigmatic vessels. The atrial languet is either pointed or dentate. The stomach wall has numerous thin ridges. The ovary is placed in the centre of a ring of testis vesicles. One or two not completely developed embryos hang in a brood pouch. The anatomical differences with
<taxonomicName id="4C114D23FFBCFFCCFC2F131FFB8DF9A8" box="[986,1138,1540,1564]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Distaplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
<emphasis id="B965EAB2FFBCFFCCFC2F131FFB8DF9A8" box="[986,1138,1540,1564]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. cylindrica</emphasis>
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are limited to the colony shape.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FFBCFFCCFF321356FB5BF918" blockId="16.[151,1436,1324,1744]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
One sequence for specimen A3 DIS 100 (BOLD: ASCAN01510). Divergence from A3 DIS 98 (
<taxonomicName id="4C114D23FFBCFFCCFAC21357FF2DF93C" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Distaplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
<emphasis id="B965EAB2FFBCFFCCFAC21357FF2DF93C" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. cylindrica</emphasis>
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) is very small (0.17%). No other close hit in BOLD (best: 84%). An investigation including sequences from more specimens would be necessary to investigate the separation between these two species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FFBCFFCCFF3213ADFC47F97B" blockId="16.[151,1436,1324,1744]" box="[199,952,1719,1744]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
This brittle species has a peri
<collectingCountry id="F3067630FFBCFFCCFDE113ADFD83F97B" box="[532,636,1719,1743]" name="Antarctica" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
and eurybathic distribution.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FFBCFFCCFF62123EFDC5F88A" blockId="16.[151,570,1828,1854]" box="[151,570,1828,1854]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="4C114D23FFBCFFCCFF62123EFDC5F88A" authority="Lesson, 1830" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1830" box="[151,570,1828,1854]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Distaplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
<emphasis id="B965EAB2FFBCFFCCFF62123EFE7CF88A" bold="true" box="[151,387,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distaplia cylindrica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FFBCFFCCFE66123EFDCDF88A" author="Lesson" box="[403,562,1828,1854]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Lesson, R. P. (1830) Zoologie. In: Duperrey, voyage autour du monde sur la corvette ' La coquille' 1822 - 1825. Volume 2 (1), Paris, Arthus-Bertrand, 256 - 279." type="book chapter" year="1830">Lesson, 1830</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB01118EFFBCFFCCFF621270FEABF82B" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="4C114D23FFBCFFCCFF621270FDDCF834" ID-CoL="3MBV8" authority="Lesson, 1830: 439" authorityName="Lesson" authorityPageNumber="439" authorityYear="1830" box="[151,547,1898,1920]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Holozoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
<emphasis id="B965EAB2FFBCFFCCFF621270FEA6F834" box="[151,345,1898,1920]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Holozoa cylindrica</emphasis>
,
<treatmentCitation id="0AB010B1FFBCFFCCFE931271FDDCF834" author="Lesson" box="[358,547,1899,1920]" page="439" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="1830">
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FFBCFFCCFE931271FE0FF834" author="Lesson" box="[358,496,1899,1920]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Lesson, R. P. (1830) Zoologie. In: Duperrey, voyage autour du monde sur la corvette ' La coquille' 1822 - 1825. Volume 2 (1), Paris, Arthus-Bertrand, 256 - 279." type="book chapter" year="1830">Lesson, 1830</bibRefCitation>
: 439
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</taxonomicName>
.
<treatmentCitation id="0AB010B1FFBCFFCCFDD81271FD46F834" author="Kott" box="[557,697,1898,1920]" page="29" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="1969">
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FFBCFFCCFDD81271FD69F834" author="Kott" box="[557,662,1898,1920]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Kott, P. (1969) Antarctic Ascidiacea. Antarctic Research Series, 13, 1 - 239." type="journal article" year="1969">Kott 1969</bibRefCitation>
: 29
</treatmentCitation>
and synonymy.
<treatmentCitation id="0AB010B1FFBCFFCCFCAA1271FB60F834" author="Sanamyan" box="[863,1183,1898,1920]" page="95" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FFBCFFCCFCAA1271FB83F834" author="Sanamyan" box="[863,1148,1898,1920]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Sanamyan, K. E. &amp; Schories, D (2003) Ascidians from the Strait of Magellan. Aqua, Journal of Ichtyology and Aquatic Biology, 7 (3), 89 - 96." type="journal article" year="2003">Sanamyan &amp; Schories 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 95
</treatmentCitation>
and synonymy.
<treatmentCitation id="0AB010B1FFBCFFCCFAB11270FEAFF82B" author="Tatian" page="209" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FFBCFFCCFAB11270FEE2F82B" author="Tatian" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Tatian, M., Antacli, J. C. &amp; Sahade, R. (2005) Ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea): species distribution along the Scotia Arc. Scientia Marina, 69 (2), 205 - 214." type="journal article" year="2005">
Tatian
<emphasis id="B965EAB2FFBCFFCCFA7F1271FF1DF82B" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
: 209
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FFBCFFCCFF6212D6FBC5F850" blockId="16.[151,1082,1996,2020]" box="[151,1082,1996,2020]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Stations (events when several trawling operations per station): 11(424)-14-54A-60.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FFBDFFCDFF62158DFB77FF43" blockId="17.[151,1422,151,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
This very spectacular species in long cylinders reaches a very large size; a colony from station 14 is
<quantity id="4CE99B45FFBDFFCDFB0E158DFAB1FF1B" box="[1275,1358,151,175]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="cm" value="108.0">108 cm</quantity>
long. One sequence for specimen A3 DIS 98 (BOLD: ASCAN014-10). See
<taxonomicName id="4C114D23FFBDFFCDFC2915A7FB9AFF60" box="[988,1125,188,212]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Distaplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colligans">
<emphasis id="B965EAB2FFBDFFCDFC2915A7FB9AFF60" box="[988,1125,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. colligans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for more details.
<taxonomicName id="4C114D23FFBDFFCDFF3215FBFEA4FF4C" box="[199,347,224,248]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Holozoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
<emphasis id="B965EAB2FFBDFFCDFF3215FBFEA4FF4C" box="[199,347,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. cylindrica</emphasis>
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is eurybathic, circumpolar, and also recorded from the Patagonian shelf.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FFBDFFCDFF621456FDCAFED2" blockId="17.[151,565,332,358]" box="[151,565,332,358]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C114D23FFBDFFCDFF621456FDCAFED2" authority="Lesson, 1830" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1830" box="[151,565,332,358]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Sycozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sigillinoides">
<emphasis id="B965EAB2FFBDFFCDFF621456FE6EFED2" bold="true" box="[151,401,332,358]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Sycozoa sigillinoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FFBDFFCDFE6D1456FDCAFED2" author="Lesson" box="[408,565,332,358]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Lesson, R. P. (1830) Zoologie. In: Duperrey, voyage autour du monde sur la corvette ' La coquille' 1822 - 1825. Volume 2 (1), Paris, Arthus-Bertrand, 256 - 279." type="book chapter" year="1830">Lesson, 1830</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FFBDFFCDFF621489FA95FE1C" blockId="17.[151,1386,402,424]" box="[151,1386,402,424]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FFBDFFCDFF621489FEE4FE1C" author="Lesson" box="[151,283,403,424]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Lesson, R. P. (1830) Zoologie. In: Duperrey, voyage autour du monde sur la corvette ' La coquille' 1822 - 1825. Volume 2 (1), Paris, Arthus-Bertrand, 256 - 279." type="book chapter" year="1830">Lesson 1830</bibRefCitation>
: 436.
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FFBDFFCDFEA21488FE2CFE1C" author="Millar" box="[343,467,402,424]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Millar, R. H. (1960) Ascidiacea. Discovery Reports, 30, 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1960">Millar 1960</bibRefCitation>
: 71 fig. 19 pl. 2 figs 38.
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FFBDFFCDFD221488FC1DFE1C" author="Monniot" box="[727,994,402,424]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Monniot, C. &amp; Monniot, F. (1983) Ascidies antarctiques et subantarctiques: Morphologie et Biogeographie. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 125, 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot &amp; Monniot 1983</bibRefCitation>
: 37.
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FFBDFFCDFBE71489FB83FE1C" author="Kott" box="[1042,1148,402,424]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Kott, P. (2006) Observations on non-didemnid ascidians from Australian waters (1). Journal of Natural History, 40 (3 - 4), 169 - 234." type="journal article" year="2006">Kott 2006</bibRefCitation>
: 188.
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FFBDFFCDFB4D1488FACCFE1C" author="Tatian" box="[1208,1331,402,424]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Tatian, M., Sahade, R. J., Doucet, M. E. &amp; Esnal, G. I. (1998) Ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) of Potter Cove, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Antarctic Science, 10 (2) 147 - 152." type="journal article" year="1998">Tatian 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 149.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FFBDFFCDFF6214CFFE74FE59" blockId="17.[151,395,469,493]" box="[151,395,469,493]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Stations:
<date id="FFAF1060FFBDFFCDFF0A14CFFEB9FE59" box="[255,326,469,493]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1913-03-01">1-3-13</date>
A-17.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FFBDFFCDFF621707FD90FD15" blockId="17.[151,1437,541,817]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
The CEAMARC colonies have short thick peduncles and very long cylindrical heads, the largest is
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long on a
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peduncle. The zooids open along the whole length of the colony and the common atrial aperture is terminal. There are no parastigmatic vessels crossing the stigmata. The stomach has a smooth wall. The gonads are poorly developed and no larvae have been found.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FFBDFFCDFF3217B7FC76FD5D" blockId="17.[151,1437,541,817]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Sequences for specimen A3 SYC 38 (BOLD: ASCAN018-10) and specimen from lot A3 SYC 39 (BOLD: ASCAN019-10) are identical. No close hit in BOLD (best: 78.3%).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FFBDFFCDFF3217EFFED2FC85" blockId="17.[151,1437,541,817]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
The species has a very wide distribution both peri antarctic and Sub-Antarctic from
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and deeper to the bathyal zone.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>