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<document id="4DE62B72EAD44163601B5B0107EBCE97" ID-CLB-Dataset="22142" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2017.312" ID-GBIF-Dataset="561d2129-c2be-4670-9aa7-96e948247157" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827336" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589469117322" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Groeninckx, Inge, Janssens, Steven, Smets, Erik &amp; Verstraete, Brecht" docDate="2017" docId="039E3C565A2EFF849D5B00D0E18C0B89" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2017-312.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 312" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Astiella antongilensis Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FFA7442E5A2DFF829F45044FE5770F45" masterDocTitle="Description of 11 new Astiella (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) species endemic to Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698839704049" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="C5C34327C7B4E0A0D41E1DD3DBF0E687" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="DDFE3C0C7FCE55628EEC3FF406D795F3">
<mods:title id="17CC6ADD087795BC9B99B9D5FE166DA6">Description of 11 new Astiella (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) species endemic to Madagascar</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D6803E35E8EFE80A2AE68961DC669F28" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="AB9261C81D780C7650D136484380B533">Groeninckx, Inge</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FB0679A23574C788044DFE07E136CDDA">Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, P. O. Box 2435, 3001 Leuven, Belgium. &amp; Email: inge. groeninckx @ kuleuven. be</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CBDDCAADB30FEC49901769CAE8C15436" type="email">inge.groeninckx@kuleuven.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="55E5F82BA2D5143E6F20CB9AFCF70997">Janssens, Steven</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="798563E29737AAE89A1E0B72CA301093">Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium. &amp; Email: steven. janssens @ botanicgardenmeise. be</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B34E2E31E9FD6B465D2B8963479D04F9" type="email">steven.janssens@botanicgardenmeise.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="19FDFEADCC0D0BCD1B2F6C7508411ED1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="36D87A4292BD8284F7B2A0453AAB056F">Smets, Erik</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C0DB477409606F947F88EB6B3FB0E26E">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. &amp; Email: erik. smets @ naturalis. nl</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6E06D327001B973955EF94E78FAF7F1E" type="email">erik.smets@naturalis.nl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="120703B9A903DDB93D2E1F228AB0ACCF">Verstraete, Brecht</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9A43BBE8C074314596A9B5778B1C0917">Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Sølvgade 83 S, 1307 Copenhagen, Denmark. &amp; Corresponding author: brecht. verstraete @ snm. ku. dk</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1E816AF9C00215D9429C2F0D06A12304" type="email">brecht.verstraete@snm.ku.dk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="84A5A5800D2EA7AAC4272E09E38EDEFD">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F0C293F377184F1D9908AE09377A5963">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E3C1B2F8464742F6CA46A1455D755FEC">2017-04-25</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="CFECA6FEDAF4AF292BF225A1B9D43838" type="Zenodo-Dep">3827336</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039E3C565A2EFF849D5B00D0E18C0B89" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3846886" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164151057" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3846886" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E3C565A2EFF849D5B00D0E18C0B89" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039E3C565A2EFF849D5B00D0E18C0B89" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A2EFF819D5B00D0E1610BFF" box="[542,1046,1183,1210]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A2EFF819D5B00D0E1610BFF" blockId="3.[463,1124,1183,1279]" box="[542,1046,1183,1210]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A2EFF819D5B00D0E1610BFF" box="[542,1046,1183,1210]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A2EFF819D5B00D0E6C40BFC" ID-CoL="8WRJ9" authority="Groeninckx" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[542,947,1183,1210]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antongilensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A2EFF819D5B00D0E6550BFF" bold="true" box="[542,802,1183,1210]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Astiella antongilensis</emphasis>
Groeninckx
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A2EFF819CFE00EFE1610BFF" box="[955,1046,1184,1210]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A2EFF819E8A008DE62F0BBA" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A2EFF819E8A008DE1130B99" blockId="3.[463,1124,1183,1279]" box="[463,1124,1218,1244]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">http://www.ipni.org/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77161710-1</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A2EFF819D9800AAE62F0BBA" blockId="3.[463,1124,1183,1279]" box="[733,856,1253,1279]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<figureCitation id="130C91C55A2EFF819D9800AAE6510BBA" box="[733,806,1253,1279]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1924,1950]" captionTargetBox="[306,1285,270,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[299,1287,265,1883]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Astiella antongilensis Groeninckx sp. nov. A. Habit. B. Brevistylous flower. C. Open brevistylous flower. D. Ovary dissected to show placentation. Drawn by Marijke Meersman. All from Perrier de la Bâthie 3749 (P)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827338/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130C91C55A2EFF819C7100AAE62F0BBA" box="[820,856,1253,1279]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1854,1880]" captionTargetBox="[281,1310,272,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[270,1317,265,1815]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Distribution maps. A. Astiella antongilensis Groeninckx sp. nov. B. A. antsalovansis Groeninckx sp. nov. C. A. confusa Groeninckx sp. nov. D. A. deblockiae Groeninckx sp. nov. E. A. delicatula Jovet. F. A. desseinii Groeninckx sp. nov. G. A. homolleae Groeninckx sp. nov. H. A. latifolia Groeninckx sp. nov. I. A. longifimbria Groeninckx sp. nov. J. A. perrieri Groeninckx sp. nov. K. A. pulla Groeninckx sp. nov. L. A. tsaratanensis Groeninckx sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827340/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2A</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A2EFF819FF80168E69F0AF3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A2EFF819FF80168E4410A04" blockId="3.[189,310,1319,1345]" box="[189,310,1319,1345]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A2EFF819FF80168E4410A04" bold="true" box="[189,310,1319,1345]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A2EFF819FF80168E4410A04" bold="true" box="[189,310,1319,1345]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A2EFF819FF8011AE69F0AF3" blockId="3.[189,1398,1365,1462]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A2EFF819FF8011AE4C90A2A" authority="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete, 2017" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[189,446,1365,1391]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antongilensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A2EFF819FF8011AE4C90A2A" box="[189,446,1365,1391]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Astiella antongilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A2EFF819E8E0119E7520A35" box="[459,549,1366,1392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A2EFF819DF70119E6260A2A" authority="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete, 2017" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[690,849,1365,1392]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="homolleae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A2EFF819DF70119E6260A2A" box="[690,849,1365,1392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A. homolleae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A2EFF819C180119E6C00A35" box="[861,951,1366,1392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A2EFF819CBC0119E10E0A2A" authority="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete, 2017" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[1017,1145,1366,1392]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perrieri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A2EFF819CBC0119E10E0A2A" box="[1017,1145,1366,1392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A. perrieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A2EFF819BC00119E1970A35" box="[1157,1248,1366,1392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in having a reduced corolla tube and numerous ovules per locule, but differs in having a pubescent stem, large leaves that are covered with trichomes below, and pubescent flowers.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A2EFF819FF80192E0000963" box="[189,1399,1501,1574]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A2EFF819FF80192E4330AB2" blockId="3.[189,324,1501,1527]" box="[189,324,1501,1527]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A2EFF819FF80192E4330AB2" bold="true" box="[189,324,1501,1527]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A2EFF819FF80192E4330AB2" bold="true" box="[189,324,1501,1527]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A2EFF819FF80243E0000963" blockId="3.[189,1399,1548,1574]" box="[189,1399,1548,1574]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
The epithet refers to Antongil Bay, the largest bay in
<collectingCountry id="F320CDD05A2EFF819C590243E6DD0963" box="[796,938,1548,1574]" name="Madagascar" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
and the area where the species is found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A2EFF819FF80202E4230998" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A2EFF819FF80202E58D0922" blockId="3.[189,250,1613,1639]" box="[189,250,1613,1639]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A2EFF819FF80202E58D0922" bold="true" box="[189,250,1613,1639]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A2EFF819FF80202E58D0922" bold="true" box="[189,250,1613,1639]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<typeStatus id="548C33E25A2EFF819FF80202E58D0922" box="[189,250,1613,1639]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A2EFF819FF80233E4230998" blockId="3.[189,1398,1660,1757]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<collectingCountry id="F320CDD05A2EFF819FF80233E4E109D3" box="[189,406,1660,1686]" name="Madagascar" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A2EFF819EE50233E7E209D3" box="[416,661,1660,1686]" country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Toamasina province</collectingRegion>
, Analanjirofo region, Maroantsetra district. Côte est, environs de la baie d’Antongil, bois,
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,
<date id="FF89AB805A2EFF819D2402D0E7A009FC" box="[609,727,1695,1721]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1912-10">Oct. 1912</date>
,
<emphasis id="B94351525A2EFF819DA102EFE16309FC" box="[740,1044,1695,1721]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Perrier de la Bâthie 3749</emphasis>
(holo-:
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,
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00219825; iso-:
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A2EFF819A2702D0E00509FC" box="[1378,1394,1695,1721]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A2EFF819FF8028DE5BA0998" box="[189,205,1730,1757]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
00516317).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A2EFF849FF8034CE1F10DAA" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A2EFF819FF8034CE4390858" blockId="3.[189,334,1795,1821]" box="[189,334,1795,1821]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B94351525A2EFF819FF8034CE4390858" bold="true" box="[189,334,1795,1821]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A2EFF849FF8037DE1F10DAA" blockId="3.[189,1399,1842,2009]" lastBlockId="6.[189,1399,267,751]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Annual herb, ca
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tall; stems quadrangular in cross section, pubescent. Stipule base
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long, pubescent; fimbriae 3–6, 1–
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long, colleter-tipped. Leaves petiolate; petiole
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A2EFF819B85031AE0430835" box="[1216,1332,1877,1904]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="5.0">5–15 mm</quantity>
long, pubescent; blades elliptic, slightly ovate or obovate, (12–)45–72 × (6–)
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A2EFF819B7E0336E1B208D6" box="[1083,1221,1912,1939]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="18.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="10.0">10–26 mm</quantity>
, very sparsely covered with trichomes particularly on the veins above, more densely covered with trichomes below; base attenuate; apex acute or obtuse; margin ciliolate; midvein prominent particularly below; secondary veins 4–7 on each side of the midvein; intersecondaries invisible. Inflorescences terminal, multi-flowered; peduncle
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A2BFF849E770560E4DA0E0C" box="[306,429,303,329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="0.0">0–40 mm</quantity>
long, pubescent. Pedicels
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A2BFF849DB00560E62D0E0C" box="[757,858,303,329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="1.0">1–7 mm</quantity>
long, pubescent. Flowers heterostylous (but both style and anthers exserted). Calyx green; tube reduced; lobes 4, narrowly triangular or triangular, 1–1.3 ×
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A2BFF849E58053AE4C40ECA" box="[285,435,373,400]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.5 mm</quantity>
, pubescent. Corolla white or pale purple; tube reduced,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A2BFF849B7A053AE1A50ECA" box="[1087,1234,373,400]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.5 mm</quantity>
long; lobes 4, somewhat spathulate,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A2BFF849E8C05D7E7290EF6" box="[457,606,408,435]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="2.45" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="2.1">2.1–2.8 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A2BFF849DF505D7E6300EF6" box="[688,839,408,435]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.6 mm</quantity>
wide at the base,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A2BFF849B6B05D7E1DD0EF6" box="[1070,1194,408,435]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="1.0">1–1.2 mm</quantity>
wide at the top, pubescent outside, papillate inside. Stamens inserted near the base of the corolla lobes and exserted for
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A2BFF849FAC0590E4080EBC" box="[233,383,479,505]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="2.7" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.2">2.2–3.2 mm</quantity>
beyond the corolla throat. Anthers ellipsoid,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A2BFF849CE70590E1420EBC" box="[930,1077,479,505]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2999999999999998" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="1.2999999999999998" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.4 mm</quantity>
long; filaments dorsifixed, ca
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A2BFF849FA6064DE4360D59" box="[227,321,514,540]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
long in brevistylous flowers, ca
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A2BFF849D9F064DE64F0D59" box="[730,824,514,540]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
long in longistylous flowers. Pollen unknown. Ovary 2-locular, broadly obovoid, 1–1.2 ×
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A2BFF849DFB066AE64D0D7A" box="[702,826,549,575]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="1.15" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.0">1–1.3 mm</quantity>
, densely pubescent; placenta attached above the middle of the septum, stalked, elongated, bearing numerous ovules per locule. Style ca
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A2BFF849B870607E06B0D26" box="[1218,1308,584,611]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
long in longistylous flowers (exserted for ca
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A2BFF849D300624E7CD0DC3" box="[629,698,619,646]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
beyond the corolla throat), ca
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A2BFF849B6D0624E1F40DC3" box="[1064,1155,619,646]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
long in brevistylous flowers (exserted for ca
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A2BFF849E9906C0E7400DEC" box="[476,567,655,681]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
beyond the corolla throat), glabrous; stigma bilobed, lobes
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A2BFF849BB906C1E0000DEC" box="[1276,1399,654,681]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.8" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.6">0.6–1 mm</quantity>
long, papillate. Capsules broadly obovoid or broadly depressed obovoid, 2.5–3 ×
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A2BFF849BC006FDE0710D89" box="[1157,1286,690,717]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3 mm</quantity>
, crowned with the persistent calyx lobes, pubescent, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF48DDC85A29FF869FF803CBE40908A0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827338" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827338/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[189,232,1924,1950]" targetBox="[306,1285,270,1883]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A29FF869FF803CBE40908A0" blockId="4.[189,1399,1924,2021]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B94351525A29FF869FF803CBE47E08DA" bold="true" box="[189,265,1924,1951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A29FF869E4B03CAE7EE08DA" authority="Groeninckx" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[270,665,1925,1951]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antongilensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A29FF869E4B03CAE77E08DA" box="[270,521,1925,1951]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Astiella antongilensis</emphasis>
Groeninckx
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A29FF869DDA03CAE78D08DA" box="[671,762,1925,1951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B94351525A29FF869DBA03CBE66308DB" bold="true" box="[767,788,1924,1950]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A</emphasis>
. Habit.
<emphasis id="B94351525A29FF869C2A03CAE6F408DA" bold="true" box="[879,899,1925,1951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
. Brevistylous flower.
<emphasis id="B94351525A29FF869BC503CBE1E208DB" bold="true" box="[1152,1173,1924,1950]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
. Open brevistylous flower.
<emphasis id="B94351525A29FF869E5303E7E45C0887" bold="true" box="[278,299,1960,1986]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">D</emphasis>
. Ovary dissected to show placentation. Drawn by Marijke Meersman. All from
<emphasis id="B94351525A29FF869B9803E6E43B08A0" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Perrier de la Bâthie 3749</emphasis>
(P).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF48DDC85A28FF879FF80371E78508A0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827340" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827340/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[189,232,1854,1880]" targetBox="[281,1310,272,1823]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A28FF879FF80371E78508A0" blockId="5.[189,1399,1854,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B94351525A28FF879FF80371E47E081D" bold="true" box="[189,265,1854,1880]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
Distribution maps.
<emphasis id="B94351525A28FF879EAA0371E773081D" bold="true" box="[495,516,1854,1880]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A28FF879D540371E6E9081D" authority="Groeninckx" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[529,926,1854,1880]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antongilensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A28FF879D540371E67A081D" box="[529,781,1854,1880]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Astiella antongilensis</emphasis>
Groeninckx
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A28FF879CE10370E688081C" box="[932,1023,1855,1881]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B94351525A28FF879B400371E16E081D" bold="true" box="[1029,1049,1854,1880]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A28FF879B630370E001081D" authority="Groeninckx" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[1062,1398,1854,1881]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antsalovansis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A28FF879B630370E191081D" box="[1062,1254,1854,1881]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. antsalovansis</emphasis>
Groeninckx
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A28FF879FF8032DE46F0839" box="[189,280,1890,1916]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B94351525A28FF879E5B032EE444083E" bold="true" box="[286,307,1889,1915]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A28FF879E07032DE738083E" authority="Groeninckx" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[322,591,1889,1916]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confusa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A28FF879E07032DE4C9083E" box="[322,446,1889,1916]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. confusa</emphasis>
Groeninckx
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A28FF879D13032DE7C60839" box="[598,689,1890,1916]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B94351525A28FF879DF2032DE7BB0839" bold="true" box="[695,716,1890,1916]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A28FF879D9F032DE17C083E" authority="Groeninckx" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[730,1035,1889,1916]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deblockiae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A28FF879D9F032DE60D083E" box="[730,890,1889,1916]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. deblockiae</emphasis>
Groeninckx
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A28FF879B57032DE11A0839" box="[1042,1133,1890,1916]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B94351525A28FF879B36032DE1F00839" bold="true" box="[1139,1159,1890,1916]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A28FF879BD0032DE5A108DA" authority="Jovet. F." authorityName="Jovet. F." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="delicatula">
<emphasis id="B94351525A28FF879BD0032DE05D083E" box="[1173,1322,1889,1916]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. delicatula</emphasis>
Jovet.
<emphasis id="B94351525A28FF879FF803CAE5B808DA" bold="true" box="[189,207,1925,1951]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">F</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A28FF879FA403CAE48A08DB" authority="Groeninckx" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[225,509,1924,1951]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="desseinii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A28FF879FA403CAE41E08DA" box="[225,361,1925,1951]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. desseinii</emphasis>
Groeninckx
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A28FF879D4C03CAE71408DA" box="[521,611,1925,1951]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B94351525A28FF879D2B03CBE7F208DB" bold="true" box="[622,645,1924,1950]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A28FF879DD203CAE6BD08DB" authority="Groeninckx" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[663,970,1924,1951]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="homolleae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A28FF879DD203CAE64208DA" box="[663,821,1925,1951]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. homolleae</emphasis>
Groeninckx
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A28FF879C9303CAE14708DA" box="[982,1072,1925,1951]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B94351525A28FF879B7E03CAE12508DA" bold="true" box="[1083,1106,1925,1951]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A28FF879B2103CAE00108DB" authority="Groeninckx" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[1124,1398,1924,1951]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latifolia" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A28FF879B2103CAE19608DA" box="[1124,1249,1925,1951]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. latifolia</emphasis>
Groeninckx
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A28FF879FF803E7E46F0887" box="[189,280,1960,1986]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B94351525A28FF879E5803E7E45F0887" bold="true" box="[285,296,1960,1986]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">I</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A28FF879E7003E7E7010887" authority="Groeninckx" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[309,630,1960,1986]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifimbria" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A28FF879E7003E7E4910887" box="[309,486,1960,1986]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. longifimbria</emphasis>
Groeninckx
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A28FF879D3E03E7E7A10887" box="[635,726,1960,1986]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B94351525A28FF879D9E03E7E79D0887" bold="true" box="[731,746,1960,1986]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">J</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A28FF879DB303E7E1760887" authority="Groeninckx" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[758,1025,1960,1986]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perrieri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A28FF879DB303E7E6050887" box="[758,882,1960,1986]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. perrieri</emphasis>
Groeninckx
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A28FF879B4203E7E1150887" box="[1031,1122,1960,1986]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B94351525A28FF879B2303E7E10A0887" bold="true" box="[1126,1149,1960,1986]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">K</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A28FF879BCF03E7E0010887" authority="Groeninckx" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[1162,1398,1960,1986]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A28FF879BCF03E7E1900887" box="[1162,1255,1960,1986]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. pulla</emphasis>
Groeninckx
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A28FF879FF80384E46F08A0" box="[189,280,1995,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B94351525A28FF879E5A0384E44408A0" bold="true" box="[287,307,1995,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A28FF879E040384E7F808A0" authority="Groeninckx" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[321,655,1995,2021]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tsaratanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A28FF879E040384E48A08A0" box="[321,509,1995,2021]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. tsaratanensis</emphasis>
Groeninckx
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A28FF879DD20384E78508A0" box="[663,754,1995,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A2BFF849FF80759E1060C1A" box="[189,1137,790,863]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A2BFF849FF80759E4210C75" blockId="6.[189,342,790,816]" box="[189,342,790,816]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A2BFF849FF80759E4210C75" bold="true" box="[189,342,790,816]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A2BFF849FF80759E4210C75" bold="true" box="[189,342,790,816]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A2BFF849FF8070AE1060C1A" blockId="6.[189,1137,837,863]" box="[189,1137,837,863]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
E
<collectingCountry id="F320CDD05A2BFF849F93070AE41F0C1A" box="[214,360,837,863]" name="Madagascar" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A2BFF849E36070AE71F0C1A" box="[371,616,837,863]" country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Toamasina province</collectingRegion>
, Analanjirofo region, Maroantsetra district.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A2BFF849FF807C9E73E0C8A" box="[189,585,902,975]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A2BFF849FF807C9E46A0CE5" blockId="6.[189,285,902,928]" box="[189,285,902,928]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A2BFF849FF807C9E46A0CE5" bold="true" box="[189,285,902,928]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A2BFF849FF807C9E46A0CE5" bold="true" box="[189,285,902,928]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Habitat</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A2BFF849FF807FAE73E0C8A" blockId="6.[189,585,949,975]" box="[189,585,949,975]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Humid forest; at
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A2BFF849EC007FAE4B80C8A" box="[389,463,949,975]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
elevation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A2BFF849FF807B9E18C0B89" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A2BFF849FF807B9E4C20B54" blockId="6.[189,437,1014,1041]" box="[189,437,1014,1041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A2BFF849FF807B9E4C20B54" bold="true" box="[189,437,1014,1041]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A2BFF849FF807B9E4C20B54" bold="true" box="[189,437,1014,1041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Conservation status</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A2BFF849FF8006AE18C0B89" blockId="6.[189,1399,1061,1229]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
The species is only known from its
<typeStatus id="548C33E25A2BFF849D2C006AE7EB0B7A" box="[617,668,1061,1087]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
collected in 1912. There is no detailed information about the locality where the specimen was collected. Given its apparent rarity and following the recommendation of
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6F0B15A2BFF849F990024E4880BC3" author="Callmander M. W. &amp; Schatz G. E. &amp; Lowry P. P." box="[220,511,1131,1158]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1047 - 1050" refId="ref18813" refString="Callmander M. W., Schatz G. E. &amp; Lowry P. P. 2005. IUCN Red List assessment and the global strategy for plant conservation: taxonomists must act now. Taxon 54: 1047 - 1050." type="journal article" year="2005">
Callmander
<emphasis id="B94351525A2BFF849E2B0023E4DE0BC0" box="[366,425,1131,1157]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
(2005)
</bibRefCitation>
to avoid the Data Deficient category, we consider the species as vulnerable (VU D2) based on its restricted area of occupancy (D2) and the high human pressure present in the entire area resulting in a general decline of suitable habitats (humid forest) for the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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