treatments-xml/data/CB/90/C5/CB90C56DE0B72D576A574508828F1411.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-200-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" ModsDocID="1314-2003-200-1" checkinTime="1655292389427" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Barboza, Gloria E., Garcia, Carolina Carrizo, Bianchetti, Luciano de Bem, Romero, Maria V. &amp; Scaldaferro, Marisel" docDate="2022" docId="CB90C56DE0B72D576A574508828F1411" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 200: 1-423" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 200" docPubDate="2022-06-14" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667" docTitle="Capsicum annuum subsp. var. var. glabriusculum (Dunal) Heiser &amp; Pickersgill, Baileya 19 (4): 156. 1975." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" masterDocTitle="Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="423" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1655292705827" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">gbarboza@imbiv.unc.edu.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart>Garcia, Carolina Carrizo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Bianchetti, Luciano de Bem</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia (EMBRAPA-Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia), PqEB Parque Estacao Biologica, Av. W / 5 final, Brasilia-DF, CEP 70770 - 917, Caixa Postal 02372, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Romero, Maria V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Scaldaferro, Marisel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina &amp; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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1b. 
<taxonomicName authority="(Dunal) Heiser &amp; Pickersgill, Baileya 19 (4): 156. 1975." authorityName="(Dunal) Heiser &amp; Pickersgill, Baileya 19 (4): 156. 1975." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum annuum subsp. var. var. glabriusculum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="annuum" subSpecies="var." variety="glabriusculum">Capsicum annuum L. var. glabriusculum (Dunal) Heiser &amp; Pickersgill, Baileya 19 (4): 156. 1975.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum A reproductive branch B eglandular trichome of the leaf C flower D section of the calyx showing the venation E opened corolla F gynoecium G fruit H anatomical detail of the pericarp (note the giant cell in the mesocarp) I seed J seed, in cross section K structure of seed coat at the seed margin L structure of seed coat at the seed body M embryo. A-H from Singleton 195 I-M from Scolnik 19 An 329. Drawn by L. Ochoa. Published in Hunziker (2001), reproduced with permission." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695437" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 22</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum A apex of a reproductive branch B flower bud on geniculate pedicel C-F flowers in anthesis showing variations in corolla, stamens and style colouration G immature fruit H mature and immature fruits A, B, D, F from Barboza et al. 5049, photos by G. E. Barboza C, E, H Carrizo Garcia 102, photos by C. Carrizo Garcia G Leiva Gonzalez et al. 2105, photo by S. Leiva Gonzalez." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695438" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 23</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum hispidum subsp. var. var. glabriusculum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="hispidum" subSpecies="var." variety="glabriusculum">Capsicum hispidum Dunal var. glabriusculum</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 420. 1852. Type. [United States of America. Texas: Bexar Co., San Antonio]: &quot;Mexico, circa Bejar&quot;, Sep 1828, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.L. Berlandier 1863</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated by 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" author="Barboza, GE" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="23 - 38" refId="B32" refString="Barboza, GE, 2011. Lectotypifications, synonymy, and a new name in Capsicum (Solanoideae, Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 2: 23 - 38, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" title="Lectotypifications, synonymy, and a new name in Capsicum (Solanoideae, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" volume="2" year="2011">Barboza 2011</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 27: P [P00410138]; isolectotypes, BM [BM000775839], F [F0072795F, acc. # 680282], G [G00390278], NY [000138591], P [P00409852], YU [YU.065273]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum minimum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minimum">Capsicum minimum</taxonomicName>
Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8, no. 10. 1768. Type. &quot;Cultivated in England&quot; (no specimens cited; no original material located).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1818" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum havanense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="havanense">Capsicum havanense</taxonomicName>
Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 38. 1818. Type. [Cuba]. &quot;in arenosis maritimis, prope Havanam (Insulae Cubae)&quot; [Havana] s.d., 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F.W.H.A. von Humboldt</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A.J.A. Bonpland 4518</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated here: P [P00670653]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum indicum subsp. var. var. aviculare" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="indicum" subSpecies="var." variety="aviculare">Capsicum indicum Dierb. var. aviculare</taxonomicName>
Dierb., Arch. Apotheker-Vereins 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nördl">Noerdl</normalizedToken>
. Teutschl. 30(1): 30. 1829. Type. Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum minimum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minimum">Capsicum minimum</taxonomicName>
Mill. and 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. microcarpon" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="microcarpon">C. microcarpon</taxonomicName>
DC. (cited in synonymy), PANAMA: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Coclé">Cocle</normalizedToken>
, 10 mi. E of Nata at Rio Grande, 4 Jan 1969, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E.L. Tyson 5222</emphasis>
(neotype, designated here: MO [MO-562584, acc. # 1980106]; isoneotype, FSU [000064909, acc. # 119808]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum frutescens subsp. var. var. minus" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="frutescens" subSpecies="var." variety="minus">Capsicum frutescens L. var. minus</taxonomicName>
Fingerh., Monogr. Capsic.: 17. 1832. Type. &quot;Crecit in India orientali et America meridionali&quot; (no specimens cited; lectotype, designated here [illustration]: &quot; 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum rubrum subsp. minimum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="rubrum" subSpecies="minimum">Capsicum rubrum minimum</taxonomicName>
&quot; Rumphius, Herbarium Amboinense 5, Tab. 88, fig. 2, 1747]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum pendulum subsp. var. var. minus" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pendulum" subSpecies="var." variety="minus">Capsicum pendulum Willd. var. minus</taxonomicName>
Fingerh., Monogr. Capsic.: 25. 1832. Type. Based on 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1818" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum havanense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="havanense">Capsicum havanense</taxonomicName>
Kunth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum chlorocladum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chlorocladum">Capsicum chlorocladum</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 415. 1852. Type. Mexico. Tamaulipas: &quot;Tampico da Tamaulipas&quot;, 1827, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.L. Berlandier 97</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated here: G-DC [G00131884]; isolectotypes: BM [BM000775807, BM000775821], G [G00342805], F [v0072794F, acc. # 680277], LE [LE01072484], MPU [MPU023049], P [P00410031, P00410147, P00409849]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dunal" authorityYear="1852" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum laurifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laurifolium">Capsicum laurifolium</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 418. 1852. Type. Brazil. Bahia: &quot;partie 
<normalizedToken originalValue="mérid">merid</normalizedToken>
. de la prov. de Bahia&quot;, 1840, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.S. Blanchet 3098 A</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated here: G-DC [G00131882]; isolectotypes: MPU [MPU023046, MPU023047).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dunal" authorityYear="1852" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum hispidum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidum">Capsicum hispidum</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 419. 1852. Type. Mexico. Tamaulipas: circa Tupan et Tampico de Tamaulipas, 1827, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.L. Berlandier 152</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated here: G-DC [G00131880]; isolectotypes: BM [BM000775838], G [G00390276], G [G00390277], MO [MO-562486, acc. # 1690380], MPU [MPU013437], P [P00409850, P00410137]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum angustifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolium">Capsicum angustifolium</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 420. 1852. Type. &quot;In 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Indiâ">India</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="utrâque">utraque</normalizedToken>
colitur&quot;. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baccatum">Capsicum baccatum</taxonomicName>
hort. Geneve, 1836, Anonymous 1414/6 (lectotype, designated here: G-DC [G00131878]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum microphyllum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microphyllum">Capsicum microphyllum</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 421. 1852. Type. [Cuba]: La Havanna, 1828, R. de la 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1792" class="Insecta" family="Solanaceae" genus="Sagra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sagra" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sagra</taxonomicName>
3 (lectotype, designated by 
<bibRefCitation author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Baileya" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="93 - 105" refId="B103" refString="D'Arcy, WG, Eshbaugh, WH, 1974. New World Peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae) North of Colombia: A Resume. Baileya 19 (3): 93 - 105" title="New World Peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae) North of Colombia: A Resume." volume="19" year="1974">
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
and Eshbaugh 1974
</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 99: G-DC [G00131975]; isolectotype: MPU [MPU023042]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum pendulum subsp. var. var. minus" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pendulum" subSpecies="var." variety="minus">Capsicum pendulum Willd. var. minus</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 425. 1852, nom. illeg., not 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. pendulum subsp. var. var. minus" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="pendulum" subSpecies="var." variety="minus">C. pendulum var. minus</taxonomicName>
Fingerh. (1832). Type. Based on 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1818" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum havanense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="havanense">Capsicum havanense</taxonomicName>
Kunth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum annuum subsp. var. var. minus" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="annuum" subSpecies="var." variety="minus">Capsicum annuum L. var. minus</taxonomicName>
(Fingerh.) Shinners, Baileya 4: 82. 1956. Type. Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum frutescens subsp. var. var. minus" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="frutescens" subSpecies="var." variety="minus">Capsicum frutescens L. var. minus</taxonomicName>
Fingerh.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum annuum subsp. var. var. minimum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="annuum" subSpecies="var." variety="minimum">Capsicum annuum L. var. minimum</taxonomicName>
(Mill.) Heiser, Ci. &amp; Nat. 7: 52. 1964. Type. Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum minimum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minimum">Capsicum minimum</taxonomicName>
Mill.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum annuum subsp. var. var. aviculare" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="annuum" subSpecies="var." variety="aviculare">Capsicum annuum L. var. aviculare</taxonomicName>
(Dierb.) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
&amp; Eshbaugh, Phytologia 25(6): 350. 1973. Type. Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum indicum subsp. var. var. aviculare" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="indicum" subSpecies="var." variety="aviculare">Capsicum indicum Dierb. var. aviculare</taxonomicName>
Dierb.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum frutescens subsp. var. var. glabriusculum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="frutescens" subSpecies="var." variety="glabriusculum">Capsicum frutescens L. var. glabriusculum</taxonomicName>
(Dunal) M.R.Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 3B: 356. 2001. Type. Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum hispidum subsp. var. var. glabriusculum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="hispidum" subSpecies="var." variety="glabriusculum">Capsicum hispidum Dunal var. glabriusculum</taxonomicName>
Dunal.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum hispidum subsp. var. var. glabriusculum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="hispidum" subSpecies="var." variety="glabriusculum">Capsicum hispidum Dunal var. glabriusculum</taxonomicName>
Dunal.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Perennial low herbs or somewhat prostrate subshrubs, (1-) 1.5-2 (-3) tall, the main stem woody, 0.5-1 cm in diameter at base, much branched from near the base, the branches dichotomously spreading in a typical 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“zig-zag”">&quot;zig-zag&quot;</normalizedToken>
appearance above. Young stems angled, fragile, green to greenish-grey or purple-striped, glabrescent to densely pubescent, with appressed-antrorse to spreading, simple, uniseriate, (2-) 3-8 (-12)-celled, eglandular trichomes 0.3-0.9 (-2) mm long, rarely furcate trichomes; nodes solid, green or purple; bark of older stems light brown or brown, glabrous to sparsely pubescent; lenticels absent. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves geminate; leaf pair subequal in size and shape. Leaves membranous, discolorous, dark green above, light green beneath, glabrescent to densely pubescent on both sides, if glabrescent with an evident tuft of trichomes in the vein axils beneath, the trichomes similar to those of the stems; blades of all leaves 2.5-6 (-8.5) cm long, 1.15-2.5 (-3.4) cm wide, ovate to elliptic, the major veins 4-5 on each side of mid-vein, the base attenuate or truncate and rather unequal, the margins entire, the apex acuminate; petioles (0.5-) 1.5-2.5 (-3) cm, glabrous to moderately pubescent. Inflorescences axillary, 1-2 flowers per axil, more rarely 3 flowers; flowering pedicels 7.5-27.8 mm long, angled, erect, geniculate at anthesis, green, glabrous to moderately pubescent, the eglandular trichomes short, antrorse; pedicels scars inconspicuous. Buds globose, white, cream or greenish-white. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx 1.5-2.5 (-3) mm long, 2-3.8 mm wide, cup-shaped, green, pentagonal in outline, glabrous to moderately pubescent with similar short or long eglandular trichomes as the stems, without appendages or with five minute appendages less than 0.5 mm long. Corolla (5-) 6-8 mm long, 8-10 (-12) mm in diameter, entirely white or almost pale yellow, rarely greenish-white, stellate with narrow interpetalar membrane, lobed ca. halfway or 2/3 of the way to the base, glabrous adaxially and abaxially, the tube (2-) 3-3.5 mm long, the lobes 3-4.5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, triangular, spreading, the margins slightly involute and finely ciliate, the tips acute to long-cucullate, densely papillate. Stamens five, equal; filaments 1-1.25 mm long, white, cream or purple, sometimes lilac at the apex, inserted on the corolla 1-1.3 mm from the base, with auricles fused to the corolla tube at the point of insertion; anthers 0.95-2.55 mm, broadly ellipsoid or ellipsoid, blue, bluish-grey or purple, very rarely yellow, connivent at anthesis. Gynoecium with ovary 1.2-1.5 (-2.5) mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, green or cream, ovoid or globose; nectary ca. 0.3 mm tall, pale yellow; style homomorphic, 4-4.8 mm, exserted 1.5-2 mm beyond the anthers, cylindrical, white or pale lilac; stigma 0.1-0.2 mm long, ca. 0.3 mm wide, discoid or bilobed, pale bright green or white. Berry 6-8.5 mm in diameter, globose (larger in semi-domesticated specimens, 9-11 mm in diameter) or ellipsoid or ovoid with acute to slightly obtuse apex, 9-13 mm long, 5-6.5 mm in diameter (larger in semi-domesticated specimens, 15-25 mm long, 7-12 mm in diameter), green or green and partly dark purple or purple when immature, bright lemon-yellow, bright red-orange or red at maturity, deciduous, very pungent, the pericarp thick, opaque, with giant cells (endocarp alveolate); stone cells absent; fruiting pedicels 16-28 (-35) mm, erect, rigid, angled, widened distally, green; fruiting calyx 4-4.5 mm in diameter, persistent, not accrescent, discoid or rather cup-shaped, green. Seeds (6-) 8-26 per fruit, 3.2-4 mm long, 2.5-3.2 mm wide, C- or D-shaped, pale yellow to yellow, the seed coat reticulate to obscurely reticulate (SM), cerebelloid (SEM), the cells irregular in shape, the lateral walls strongly sinuate; embryo imbricate.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695437" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 22" startId="F22">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 22.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum annuum subsp. var. var. glabriusculum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="annuum" subSpecies="var." variety="glabriusculum">Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
reproductive branch 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
eglandular trichome of the leaf 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
flower 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
section of the calyx showing the venation 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
opened corolla 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
gynoecium 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
fruit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
anatomical detail of the pericarp (note the giant cell in the mesocarp) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
seed 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
seed, in cross section 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
structure of seed coat at the seed margin 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
structure of seed coat at the seed body 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M</emphasis>
embryo. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-H</emphasis>
from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Singleton 195</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I-M</emphasis>
from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Scolnik 19An329</emphasis>
. Drawn by L. Ochoa. Published in 
<bibRefCitation author="Hunziker, AT" journalOrPublisher="- G, Ruggell" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B207" refString="Hunziker, AT, 2001. Genera Solanacearum. The genera of Solanaceae illustrated, arranged according to a new system. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. -G, Ruggell" title="Genera Solanacearum. The genera of Solanaceae illustrated, arranged according to a new system. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K." year="2001">Hunziker (2001)</bibRefCitation>
, reproduced with permission.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695438" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 23" startId="F23">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 23.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum annuum subsp. var. var. glabriusculum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="annuum" subSpecies="var." variety="glabriusculum">Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
apex of a reproductive branch 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
flower bud on geniculate pedicel 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C-F</emphasis>
flowers in anthesis showing variations in corolla, stamens and style colouration 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
immature fruit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
mature and immature fruits 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B, D, F</emphasis>
from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 5049</emphasis>
, photos by G.E. Barboza 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, E, H</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Carrizo 
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
102
</emphasis>
, photos by C. Carrizo 
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Leiva 
<normalizedToken originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
et al. 2105
</emphasis>
, photo by S. Leiva 
<normalizedToken originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum annuum subsp. var. var. glabriusculum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="annuum" subSpecies="var." variety="glabriusculum">Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum</taxonomicName>
is the most widely distributed member of the genus, from southern United States of America to northern Bolivia and northern Brazil (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Distribution of C. annuum var. glabriusculum." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695439" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">24</figureCitation>
). It is more common in Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, Colombia and Venezuela. In eastern Australia, it is reported as a weed (
<bibRefCitation author="Symon, D" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="133 - 166" refId="B459" refString="Symon, D, 1981. The Solanaceous genera, Browallia, Capsicum, Cestrum, Cyphomandra, Hyoscyamus, Lycopersicon, Nierembergia, Physalis, Petunia, Salpichroa and Withania, naturalised in Australia. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 3 (2): 133 - 166" title="The Solanaceous genera, Browallia, Capsicum, Cestrum, Cyphomandra, Hyoscyamus, Lycopersicon, Nierembergia, Physalis, Petunia, Salpichroa and Withania, naturalised in Australia." volume="3" year="1981">Symon 1981</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Purdie, RW" journalOrPublisher="Flora of Australia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 208" refId="B385" refString="Purdie, RW, Symon, DE, Haegi, L, 1982. Solanaceae. Flora of Australia 29: 1 - 208" title="Solanaceae." volume="29" year="1982">Purdie et al. 1982</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695439" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 24" startId="F24">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 24.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. annuum subsp. var. var. glabriusculum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="annuum" subSpecies="var." variety="glabriusculum">C. annuum var. glabriusculum</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum annuum subsp. var. var. glabriusculum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="annuum" subSpecies="var." variety="glabriusculum">Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum</taxonomicName>
occupies a wide variety of habitats throughout its wide distribution, including tropical deciduous, semi-deciduous and evergreen forests, less frequently in dry tropical or subtropical forests or in thorny scrub, from sea level to ca. 2,500 m elevation. It is found in shade along roadsides, stream banks, meadows near shores or as a weed in pastures or on the edges of cultivated lands. Indigenous communities and rural people cultivate 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. annuum subsp. var. var. glabriusculum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="annuum" subSpecies="var." variety="glabriusculum">C. annuum var. glabriusculum</taxonomicName>
for self-consumption and it is often found escaped from cultivation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering and fruiting all year.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chromosome number">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2n</emphasis>
= 2x = 24 (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1971.tb01926.x" author="Pickersgill, B" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="683 - 691" refId="B368" refString="Pickersgill, B, 1971. Relationships between weedy and cultivated forms of chili peppers (genus Capsicum). Evolution 25: 683 - 691, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1971.tb01926.x" title="Relationships between weedy and cultivated forms of chili peppers (genus Capsicum)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1971.tb01926.x" volume="25" year="1971">Pickersgill 1971</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Pickersgill, B" editor="Pochard, E" journalOrPublisher="Comptes Rendues 3 eme Congres Eucarpia Piment. INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Montfavet-Avignon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 37" refId="B369" refString="Pickersgill, B, 1977. Chromosomes and evolution in Capsicum. In: Pochard, E, Ed., Capsicum 77. Comptes Rendues 3eme Congres Eucarpia Piment. INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Montfavet-Avignon: 27 - 37" title="Chromosomes and evolution in Capsicum." volumeTitle="Capsicum 77." year="1977">1977</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-88260-8.50013-6" author="Pickersgill, B" editor="Tsuchiya, T" journalOrPublisher="Part B. Elsevier, Amsterdam" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="139 - 160" refId="B373" refString="Pickersgill, B, 1991. Cytogenetics and evolution of Capsicum L. In: Tsuchiya, T, Gupta, PK, Eds., Chromosome engineering in plants: Genetics, breeding, evolution. Part B. Elsevier, Amsterdam: 139 - 160, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-88260-8.50013-6" title="Cytogenetics and evolution of Capsicum L." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-88260-8.50013-6" volumeTitle="Chromosome engineering in plants: Genetics, breeding, evolution." year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" author="Moscone, EA" journalOrPublisher="Acta Horticulturae (ISHS)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 170" refId="B317" refString="Moscone, EA, Scaldaferro, MA, Grabiele, M, Cecchini, NM, Sanchez Garcia, Y, Jarret, R, Davina, JR, Ducasse, DA, Barboza, GE, Ehrendorfer, F, 2007. The evolution of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): a cytogenetic perspective. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS) 745: 137 - 170, DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" title="The evolution of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): a cytogenetic perspective." url="https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" volume="745" year="2007">Moscone et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-012-9867-x" author="Scaldaferro, MA" journalOrPublisher="Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="693 - 709" refId="B428" refString="Scaldaferro, MA, Grabiele, M, Moscone, EA, 2013. Heterochromatin type, amount and distribution in wild species of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae). Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 60 (2): 693 - 709, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-012-9867-x" title="Heterochromatin type, amount and distribution in wild species of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-012-9867-x" volume="60" year="2013">Scaldaferro et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bahamas</emphasis>
: Bird pepper (Long Island, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Richey 98-355</emphasis>
), Pepper bush (Bimini, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Howard &amp; Howard 10055</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boliva</emphasis>
: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
(Pando, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Beck et al. 19150</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brazil</emphasis>
: Pimenta-de-mesa, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pimenta-peito-de-moça">Pimenta-peito-de-moca</normalizedToken>
, Pimenta-ova-de-tamuata (
<bibRefCitation author="Pereira, LA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="255 - 272" refId="B361" refString="Pereira, LA, Barboza, GE, Bovini, MG, Zelia de Almeida, M, Guimaraes, EF, 2011. Caracterizacion y uso de &quot;pimientas&quot; en una comunidad quilombola de la Amazonia Oriental (Brasil). Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5 (1): 255 - 272" title="Caracterizacion y uso de &quot; pimientas &quot; en una comunidad quilombola de la Amazonia Oriental (Brasil)." volume="5" year="2011">Pereira et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
), Pimenta 
<normalizedToken originalValue="açaí">acai</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Amapá">Amapa</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pereira &amp; Severino 1853</emphasis>
), Pimenta chumbinho (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Amapá">Amapa</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pereira et al. 1807</emphasis>
), Pimenta de cheiro vermelha (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Amapá">Amapa</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pereira et al. 1747</emphasis>
), Pimenta ova de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="aruanã">aruana</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Amapá">Amapa</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pereira et al. 1867</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colombia</emphasis>
: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
(Amazonas, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Henao &amp; Padd 168</emphasis>
; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guainía">Guainia</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Espina et al. 191</emphasis>
; Huila, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Llanos &amp; Camacho 1827</emphasis>
; Valle del Cauca, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cuatrecasas 22800</emphasis>
), Ajicito (Valle del Cauca, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cuatrecasas 22800</emphasis>
), Ajijito (Valle del Cauca, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lehmann 4730</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cimarrón">Cimarron</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Killip &amp; Smith 14251</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
chilca (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guainía">Guainia</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Augusto 4847</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
chiquito (Norte de Santander, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Carvajalino &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
11
</emphasis>
; Santander, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Tochoy &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Garzón">Garzon</normalizedToken>
675
</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
chirel (Antioquia, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Santa 
<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
733
</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
chivato (Meta, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
Barriga 5056
</emphasis>
; Valle del Cauca, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Duque Jaramillo 4083-A</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
guagua (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Espina 577</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
pajarito (Antioquia, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Barkley &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gutiérrez">Gutierrez</normalizedToken>
V. 1776
</emphasis>
; Caldas, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Galán">Galan</normalizedToken>
&amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cárdenas">Cardenas</normalizedToken>
12
</emphasis>
; Norte de Santander, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Garganta F. s.n.</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
perfumado (Amazonas, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Henao 169</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
picante (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Killip &amp; Smith 14534</emphasis>
; Norte de Santander, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Garganta F. 818</emphasis>
), Ahipique (Valle del Cauca, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dryander 2178</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
pimienta (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Romero 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Castañeda">Castaneda</normalizedToken>
9255
</emphasis>
; Santander, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Betancur et al. 10158</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
pique (Cundinamarca, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dumont et al. 43</emphasis>
; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nariño">Narino</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">de Benavides 4693</emphasis>
, Valle del Cauca, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Soukup 1851</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
piquicho (Huila, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Buendía">Buendia</normalizedToken>
S. 2
</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
del monte (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Atlántico">Atlantico</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Bro. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Elías">Elias</normalizedToken>
1461
</emphasis>
), Aji amarillo de culebra (Amazonas, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Henao &amp; Z</emphasis>
<normalizedToken originalValue="ɨ">ɨ</normalizedToken>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">uec 247</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
ojo de charapa (Amazonas, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Henao &amp; Kuiru 173</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
ojo de sapo (Amazonas, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Henao 170</emphasis>
), Chicha e gato (Santander, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Tochoy &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Garzón">Garzon</normalizedToken>
675
</emphasis>
), Pimiento (Norte de Santander, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Carvajalino &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
11
</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Costa Rica</emphasis>
: Chile, Chile congo, Chiltepe (
<bibRefCitation author="Bohs, LA" editor="Grayum, MH" journalOrPublisher="Monograph in Systematic Botany of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="205 - 336" refId="B60" refString="Bohs, LA, 2015. Solanaceae. In: Grayum, MH, Herrera, C, Zamora, N, Eds., Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Vol. 8. Monograph in Systematic Botany of the Missouri Botanical Garden 131: 205 - 336" title="Solanaceae." volume="131" volumeTitle="Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Vol. 8." year="2015">Bohs 2015</bibRefCitation>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cuba</emphasis>
: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
guaguao (La Habana, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cañizares">Canizares</normalizedToken>
127
</emphasis>
; Villa Clara, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Luna 356</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dominican Republic</emphasis>
: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
(Altagracia, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Zanoni &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mejía">Mejia</normalizedToken>
17077 A
</emphasis>
), Ajicito montecino (Azua, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Zanoni et al. 22115</emphasis>
; Monte Cristi, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Valeur 476</emphasis>
; Santiago, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Valeur 275</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecuador</emphasis>
: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
(Napo, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alarcón">Alarcon</normalizedToken>
102
</emphasis>
), Veneno de perro (Esmeraldas, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Freire &amp; Ruales 2931</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">El Salvador</emphasis>
: Chiltepe (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ahuachapán">Ahuachapan</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Standley 19872</emphasis>
; Sonsonate, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Calderón">Calderon</normalizedToken>
1658
</emphasis>
), Chile de zope (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ahuachapán">Ahuachapan</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Standley 19872</emphasis>
; La 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Unión">Union</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Standley 20689</emphasis>
), Chile chocolate 
<normalizedToken originalValue="pequeño">pequeno</normalizedToken>
(San Salvador, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Calderón">Calderon</normalizedToken>
1197
</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guadeloupe</emphasis>
: Piment Moka (Basse-Terre, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Duss 3575</emphasis>
), Piment grives (Basse-Terre, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Duss 3681</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guatemala</emphasis>
: Chiltepe, chile chiltepe (Chimaltenango, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Porter 1299</emphasis>
; Chuiquimula, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kufer 99</emphasis>
; Huehuetenango, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Steyermark 51277</emphasis>
), Chiltep, chile de monte (Huehuetenango, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Steyermark 51364</emphasis>
), Chile de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="montaña">montana</normalizedToken>
(Huehuetenango, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Steyermark 51277</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Honduras</emphasis>
: Chilpepe (Atlantida, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Standley 54485</emphasis>
), Chiltepe (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Morazán">Morazan</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Standley 26254</emphasis>
), Chiltepin (Atlantida, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Standley 53628</emphasis>
), Chile bravo (Atlantida, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Standley 53392</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Jamaica</emphasis>
: Bird pepper (Kingston, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Harris 10051</emphasis>
; Saint Mary, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Yuncker 18460</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leeward Islands</emphasis>
: Piment 
<normalizedToken originalValue="café">cafe</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Duss 149</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Martinica</emphasis>
: Piment rond, Piment sauvage (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Duss 349</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mexico</emphasis>
: Chile (Colima, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eyerdanm &amp; Beetle 8720</emphasis>
; Hidalgo, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Blanco-Macías">Blanco-Macias</normalizedToken>
1559
</emphasis>
; Puebla, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Villalobos C. &amp; Guerrero 182</emphasis>
; Veracruz, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Olivares 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hernández">Hernandez</normalizedToken>
1
</emphasis>
), Chigundo (Oaxaca, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Torres et al. 199</emphasis>
), Chilegole (Oaxaca, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Salas M. et al. 1851</emphasis>
), Chilepepina (Baja California, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Carter 4921</emphasis>
), Chiletepin (Puebla, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sarukhán">Sarukhan</normalizedToken>
et al. 3581
</emphasis>
), Chilillo (Oaxaca, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
Olivares 494
</emphasis>
), Chilpalla (Veracruz, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
C. 1287
</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chilpitín">Chilpitin</normalizedToken>
(Baja California, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="León">Leon</normalizedToken>
de Luz 2019
</emphasis>
; Coahuila, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wendt</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Riskind 1611</emphasis>
), Chiltapin (Chihuahua, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gentry 949</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1541</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chiltepín">Chiltepin</normalizedToken>
(Puebla, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bye et al. 16386</emphasis>
; Sonora, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Reina G. 1012</emphasis>
; Veracruz, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cortés">Cortes</normalizedToken>
552
</emphasis>
), Chiltipen (Chihuahua, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bye Jr. 1875</emphasis>
, Sonora, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Joyal 1815</emphasis>
), Chiltipin (Tamaulipas, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nee 32699</emphasis>
; Veracruz, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Acosta et al. 39</emphasis>
), Chipilin (Chiapas, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Calzada et al. 3990</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chirripitín">Chirripitin</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Michoacán">Michoacan</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Madrigal 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
4875
</emphasis>
), Pinchitle (Veracruz, 
<bibRefCitation author="Nee, M" journalOrPublisher="Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bioticos, Xalapa, Veracruz" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B325" refString="Nee, M, 1986. Solanaceae I. Fl. Veracruz 49. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bioticos, Xalapa, Veracruz" title="Solanaceae I. Fl. Veracruz 49." year="1986">Nee 1986</bibRefCitation>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Piquín">Piquin</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Querétaro">Queretaro</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
Torres 57
</emphasis>
; San Luis 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Potosí">Potosi</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Edwards 592</emphasis>
; Veracruz, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vázquez">Vazquez</normalizedToken>
611
</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Quipín">Quipin</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Querétaro">Queretaro</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
Torres 57
</emphasis>
), Tempenchile (Chiapas, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Arcos Vernet 40</emphasis>
), Tempinchile (Chiapas, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Trujillo Eslava 75</emphasis>
), Tepechile (Chiapas, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Calzada et al. 9679</emphasis>
), Chile bola (Veracruz, 
<bibRefCitation author="Nee, M" journalOrPublisher="Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bioticos, Xalapa, Veracruz" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B325" refString="Nee, M, 1986. Solanaceae I. Fl. Veracruz 49. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bioticos, Xalapa, Veracruz" title="Solanaceae I. Fl. Veracruz 49." year="1986">Nee 1986</bibRefCitation>
), Chile congo (Chiapas, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Castillo C. et al. 4136</emphasis>
), Chile chichalaco (Guerrero, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guízar">Guizar</normalizedToken>
Nolazco &amp; Pimentel B. 2884
</emphasis>
), Chile chiguado (Oaxaca, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nava Zafra et al. 1812</emphasis>
), Chile chilpalla (Veracruz, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Ibarra 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Manríquez">Manriquez</normalizedToken>
3616
</emphasis>
), Chile Gole (Oaxaca, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
&amp; Ortega 865
</emphasis>
), Chiltepin grande (Puebla, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Villalobos C. &amp; Guerrero 205</emphasis>
), Chile maxito (Campeche, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ramírez">Ramirez</normalizedToken>
A. 57
</emphasis>
), Chile 
<normalizedToken originalValue="piquín">piquin</normalizedToken>
(Chihuahua, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Torres C.</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tenorio L. 3751</emphasis>
; Veracruz, 
<bibRefCitation author="Nee, M" journalOrPublisher="Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bioticos, Xalapa, Veracruz" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B325" refString="Nee, M, 1986. Solanaceae I. Fl. Veracruz 49. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bioticos, Xalapa, Veracruz" title="Solanaceae I. Fl. Veracruz 49." year="1986">Nee 1986</bibRefCitation>
), Chile de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="árbol">arbol</normalizedToken>
(Veracruz, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ortega T. 88</emphasis>
), Chile de bolita (Veracruz, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
C. 2011
</emphasis>
), Chile Amash, chile mashito (Tabasco, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Orozco-Segovia 368</emphasis>
), Chile amachito (Tabasco, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guadarrama et al. 865</emphasis>
), Chile chigol (Oaxaca, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Gopar 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
122
</emphasis>
), Chile garbanzo (Tabasco, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Escolastico 165</emphasis>
), Chile gordo (Veracruz, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Castillo C. et al. 214</emphasis>
), Chile machito (Tabasco, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ortega O. 870</emphasis>
), Chile Pekin (Veracruz, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Calzada 5577</emphasis>
), Chili pequin (Sinaloa, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ferris &amp; Mexia 5130</emphasis>
), Chile 
<normalizedToken originalValue="piquín">piquin</normalizedToken>
(Campeche, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Alvaro M. 397</emphasis>
; Nueva 
<normalizedToken originalValue="León">Leon</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cano s.n.</emphasis>
; S. L. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Potosí">Potosi</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gómez-Lorence">Gomez-Lorence</normalizedToken>
877
</emphasis>
; Sinaloa, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vega A. 1297</emphasis>
; Tamaulipas, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
104
</emphasis>
; Veracruz, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Robles G. 886</emphasis>
), Chile silvestre (Campeche, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Álvarez">Alvarez</normalizedToken>
89
</emphasis>
), Chile de monte (Jalisco, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
J. 521
</emphasis>
; Oaxaca, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Gopar 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
122
</emphasis>
; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yucatán">Yucatan</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ordonez 239</emphasis>
), Chilote de monte (Tamaulipas, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
Ojeda 263
</emphasis>
), Jonnihui, tempen-chile (Chiapas, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Palacios E. 636</emphasis>
), Max, Chile max (Campeche, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Álvarez">Alvarez</normalizedToken>
89
</emphasis>
; Quintana Roo, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Serralta P. 104</emphasis>
; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yucatán">Yucatan</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Estrada 43</emphasis>
), Max-hic (Campeche, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bacab W. 115</emphasis>
), Siete Cardo (Chiapas, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Matuda 17590</emphasis>
), Chilitos de monte (Guerrero, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kruse 1906</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nicaragua</emphasis>
: Chile (Carazo, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aranda et al. 94</emphasis>
; Managua, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guzmán">Guzman</normalizedToken>
et al. 396
</emphasis>
; Masaya, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guzmán">Guzman</normalizedToken>
et al. 1307
</emphasis>
), Chile congo (Chontales, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nee 28288</emphasis>
; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estelí">Esteli</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nee 27745</emphasis>
; Managua, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Araquistain 5</emphasis>
; Rivas, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Araquistain 278</emphasis>
), Chile montero (Managua, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Grijalva 706</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peru</emphasis>
: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
(Loreto, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lewis et al. 11196</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
del monte o charapilla (San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Woytkowski 35161</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
charapilla (Loreto, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">de Jong 53</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
charapita (Ucayali, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Graham &amp; Schunke V. 460</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
del trueno (Cajamarca, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Campos &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
2293
</emphasis>
), Pipi de mono (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Becerra 
<normalizedToken originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
&amp; Perea 1152
</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Puerto Rico</emphasis>
: Ahi caballero (Adjuntas, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stimson 3922</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
caballos (Ponce, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Britton &amp; Britton 7344</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Surinam</emphasis>
: Spaanse pepper (Marowijne/Sipaliwini, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rombouts 735</emphasis>
), Busi peper (Commewijne, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Heilbron &amp; Sanredjo 6</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">United States of America</emphasis>
: Chillipiquin (Florida, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cory 51407</emphasis>
), Bird pepper (Florida, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kral 1884</emphasis>
), Cayenne Pepper (Florida, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bishop &amp; B. Holst CC0048</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Venezuela</emphasis>
: Pajarito (Lara, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tamayo 2618</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
corito (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mérida">Merida</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Trujillo 6351</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
pajarito (Carabobo, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hunziker 9032</emphasis>
; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mérida">Merida</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pittier 12837</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
de mono (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Liesner &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
5417
</emphasis>
), Chirel del Mono (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Knab-Vispo et al. 1288</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="indigenous names">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Indigenous names.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colombia</emphasis>
: Aati (Curripaco, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guainía">Guainia</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Espina et al. 191</emphasis>
), Aiyo borarede jairai (Huitoto-Nɨpode, Amazonas, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Henao &amp; Z</emphasis>
<normalizedToken originalValue="ɨ">ɨ</normalizedToken>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ueche 247</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Beeakxtú">Beeakxtu</normalizedToken>
(And, Amazonas, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Castro &amp; Andoke 607</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jɨgɨngo">Jɨgɨngo</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="uijɨ">uijɨ</normalizedToken>
(Huitoto-Mɨnɨka, Amazonas, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Henao 170</emphasis>
), Jimorai (Huitoto-Mɨnɨka, Amazonas, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Henao &amp; Padd 168</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kupirapa’ajiné">Kupirapa'ajine</normalizedToken>
(Amazonas, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Castro &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Matapí">Matapi</normalizedToken>
523
</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Meniño">Menino</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="uijɨ">uijɨ</normalizedToken>
(Huitoto-Mɨnɨka, Amazonas, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Henao 173</emphasis>
), Wainpiraicha (Guajira, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Betancur et al. 11258</emphasis>
), Ziorai (Huitoto-Mɨnɨka, Amazonas, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Henao 169</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecuador</emphasis>
: Bula uchu (Napo, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Irvine 773</emphasis>
), Giimo (Oncaye, Napo, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Davis &amp; Yost 994</emphasis>
), Jimiea (Achuar 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jívaro">Jivaro</normalizedToken>
, Pastaza, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lewis et al. 14010</emphasis>
), Jimia (Shuar, Zamora-Chinchipe, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Van den Eynden et al. 700</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sampíajimia">Sampiajimia</normalizedToken>
(Shuar, Zamora-Chinchipe, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Santín">Santin</normalizedToken>
et al. 100
</emphasis>
), Uchu (Quichua, Napo, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alarcón">Alarcon</normalizedToken>
102
</emphasis>
), Uchumuyu (Quichua/Spanish, Pastaza, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lewis et al. 14010</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guatemala</emphasis>
: Chi-ik (Alto Verapaz, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Standley 90936</emphasis>
), Tamut ich (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ch’orti’">Ch'orti'</normalizedToken>
, Chuiquimula, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kufer 99</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mexico</emphasis>
: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guiiña">Guiina</normalizedToken>
(Zapateco, Oaxaca, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
L. et al. 1190
</emphasis>
), Skapin (Totonaco, Veracruz, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cortés-Vásquez">Cortes-Vasquez</normalizedToken>
552
</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">143</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guiiña">Guiina</normalizedToken>
dxuladi (Zapateco, Oaxaca, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
L. &amp; Trujillo V. 874
</emphasis>
), Guien guiix (Oaxaca, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Ruiz 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
7
</emphasis>
), Guiinya xigundu (Zapateco, Oaxaca, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
L. 317
</emphasis>
), Kulum its (Huastec, S. Luis 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Potosí">Potosi</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Alcorn 2369</emphasis>
), Max ik (Campeche, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Álvarez">Alvarez</normalizedToken>
89
</emphasis>
; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yucatán">Yucatan</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ucan et al. 3527</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3893</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lak’su">Lak'su</normalizedToken>
pin (Tot, Puebla, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Villalobos C. &amp; Guerrero 205</emphasis>
), Tsakam its (Huastec, S. Luis 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Potosí">Potosi</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Alcorn 1406</emphasis>
; Veracruz, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Alcorn 1903</emphasis>
), Xmax ik (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yucatán">Yucatan</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ucan</emphasis>
4617), Aj max iik (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yucatán">Yucatan</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ucan 5058</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peru</emphasis>
: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
(Quichua, Loreto, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lewis et al. 12906</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cusharu’">Cusharu'</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="nu’ca”">nu'ca&quot;</normalizedToken>
(Chayahuita, Loreto, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Odonne 561</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Imiá">Imia</normalizedToken>
(Achual 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jívaro">Jivaro</normalizedToken>
, Loreto, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lewis et al. 11196</emphasis>
), Nuca (Loreto, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Odonne 25</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nu’ca">Nu'ca</normalizedToken>
(Loreto, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Odonne 626</emphasis>
), Uchu (Loreto, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lewis et al. 12552</emphasis>
), Yaa Jimia (Amazonas, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Salaün">Salauen</normalizedToken>
185
</emphasis>
), Yampit jima (Amazonas, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Berlin 2016</emphasis>
), Yanco 
<normalizedToken originalValue="nu’ca”">nu'ca&quot;</normalizedToken>
(Chayahuita, Loreto, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Odonne 563</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Surinam</emphasis>
: Lombo riwit (Ja, Commewijne, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Heilbron &amp; Sanredjo 6</emphasis>
), Lombo kusti 'pepper of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="god’">god'</normalizedToken>
(Commewijne, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Heilbron &amp; Sanredjo 6</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="uses">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
This taxon is used as an ornamental, for food and for medicine. The fruits are harvested by local people and are widely used and much prized throughout its distribution as a hot seasoning; they are also eaten fresh, dry or in vinegar, raw or toasted. Some medicinal properties have been attributed to the leaves and fruits in different countries (see Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Medicinal uses attributed to Capsicum species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0EA09D0128E47907025CB96BFC187AD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="0EA09D0128E47907025CB96BFC187AD1">3</tableCitation>
). In some communities, fruits are used against evil spirits in ritual practices of the Day of the Dead (Mexico).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation assessment">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation assessment.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
EOO (37,301,728.615 km2); AOO (4,496 km2). 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum annuum subsp. var. var. glabriusculum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="annuum" subSpecies="var." variety="glabriusculum">Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum</taxonomicName>
is not under threat for the time being.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum annuum subsp. var. var. glabriusculum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="annuum" subSpecies="var." variety="glabriusculum">Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum</taxonomicName>
, better known as 
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘chiltepin’">'chiltepin'</normalizedToken>
or 
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘chilipequin’">'chilipequin'</normalizedToken>
(with some variations of these names) in Mexico and Central America (see common names) or 'bird 
<normalizedToken originalValue="pepper’">pepper'</normalizedToken>
in the United States and the Caribbean, belongs to the Annuum clade (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" author="Carrizo Garcia, C" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="35 - 51" refId="B79" refString="Carrizo Garcia, C, Barfuss, MHJ, Sehr, EM, Barboza, GE, Samuel, R, Moscone, EA, Ehrendorfer, F, 2016. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Annals of Botany 118: 35 - 51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" title="Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" volume="118" year="2016">
Carrizo 
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
et al. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
). It is considered the wild progenitor of the cultivated 
<taxonomicName authority="var. annuum" family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. annuum subsp. var. var. annuum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="annuum" subSpecies="var." variety="annuum">C. annuum var. annuum</taxonomicName>
from which it can easily be differentiated by its fragile-stemmed somewhat prostate habit, very small flowers, calyx with 0-5 inconspicuous appendages, short filaments and small globose, ellipsoid or ovoid red-orange or red fruits.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
In herbaria or in literature, many names have been misapplied to the specimens of this variety, such as 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="baccatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. baccatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. frutescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="frutescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. frutescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. conoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="conoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. conoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. annuum subsp. var. var. conoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="annuum" subSpecies="var." variety="conoides">C. annuum var. conoides</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. annuum subsp. var. var. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="annuum" subSpecies="var." variety="baccatum">C. annuum var. baccatum</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. frutescens subsp. var. var. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="frutescens" subSpecies="var." variety="baccatum">C. frutescens var. baccatum</taxonomicName>
and so on. Based only on the morphology of the fruits, this variety is sometimes confused with wild 
<taxonomicName authority="var. baccatum" family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum subsp. var. var. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="baccatum">C. baccatum var. baccatum</taxonomicName>
. While the fruiting calyx of 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. annuum subsp. var. var. glabriusculum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="annuum" subSpecies="var." variety="glabriusculum">C. annuum var. glabriusculum</taxonomicName>
has 0-5 inconspicuous appendages and the fruits are generally more ovoid with an acute to slightly obtuse apex (rarely truncate), in 
<taxonomicName authority="var. baccatum" family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum subsp. var. var. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="baccatum">C. baccatum var. baccatum</taxonomicName>
, the calyx has five appendages up to 2 mm in length and the fruits are generally more globose or subglobose to ellipsoid with a truncate or flattened apex (very rarely acute to slightly obtuse). In addition to the differences in the fruits, 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. annuum subsp. var. var. glabriusculum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="annuum" subSpecies="var." variety="glabriusculum">C. annuum var. glabriusculum</taxonomicName>
has solitary or paired flowers (rarely three flowers), stellate corollas that are entirely white to greenish-white without spots within and connivent blue, bluish-grey or purple anthers at anthesis (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum A apex of a reproductive branch B flower bud on geniculate pedicel C-F flowers in anthesis showing variations in corolla, stamens and style colouration G immature fruit H mature and immature fruits A, B, D, F from Barboza et al. 5049, photos by G. E. Barboza C, E, H Carrizo Garcia 102, photos by C. Carrizo Garcia G Leiva Gonzalez et al. 2105, photo by S. Leiva Gonzalez." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695438" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23C-F</figureCitation>
), whereas 
<taxonomicName authority="var. baccatum" family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum subsp. var. var. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="baccatum">C. baccatum var. baccatum</taxonomicName>
has usually 2-3 flowers (rarely one), white rotate or rotate-stellate corollas with greenish-yellow spots within and not connivent, usually white or pale yellow anthers at anthesis (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Capsicum baccatum var. baccatum A plant B flower bud C purple flower bud D, E, F flowers at anthesis, different views G young fruiting branch showing ovary with long and short styles H immature fruits I mature fruit A, C from Barboza 4913 B, D-F, H from Barboza 5038 G from Barboza 2431 bis, I from Barboza et al. 3419. Photos by G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695441" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">26D-F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Kunth, KS" journalOrPublisher="Cramer, Weinheim" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B249" refString="Kunth, KS, 1818. Nova Genera et Species Plantarum (quarto ed.) [H.B.K.] Vol. 3. J. Cramer, Weinheim" title="Nova Genera et Species Plantarum (quarto ed.) [H. B. K.] Vol. 3. J." year="1818">Kunth (1818)</bibRefCitation>
did not cite a specific specimen from Cuba in the protologue of 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. havanense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="havanense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. havanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. At P, we found a sheet labelled 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. havanense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="havanense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. havanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the number 
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘4518’">'4518'</normalizedToken>
(P00670653) in the Herbarium of Humboldt and Bonpland; this sheet is selected as the lectotype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ardp.18290300103" author="Dierbach, JH" journalOrPublisher="Archive des Apotheker-Vereins im Nordlichen Teutschland" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="19 - 31" refId="B124" refString="Dierbach, JH, 1829. Uebersicht der bekannten Arten des Spanischen Pfeffers. Archive des Apotheker-Vereins im Nordlichen Teutschland 30 (1): 19 - 31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ardp.18290300103" title="Uebersicht der bekannten Arten des Spanischen Pfeffers." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ardp.18290300103" volume="30" year="1829">Dierbach (1829)</bibRefCitation>
based 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum indicum subsp. var. var. aviculare" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="indicum" subSpecies="var." variety="aviculare">Capsicum indicum var. aviculare</taxonomicName>
on 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. minimum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="minimum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. minimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Mill. and 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. microcarpum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="microcarpum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. microcarpum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
DC. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum minimum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minimum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum minimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
applies to the wild specimens of 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. annuum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="annuum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. annuum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
while 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. microcarpon" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="microcarpon">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. microcarpon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to the wild 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="baccatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. baccatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
form which is, in fact, very similar to the wild 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. annuum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="annuum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. annuum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the fruiting stage. 
<bibRefCitation author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Phytologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination=": 350" refId="B102" refString="D'Arcy, WG, Eshbaugh, WH, 1973. The name for the common bird pepper. Phytologia 25 (6): 350" title="The name for the common bird pepper." volume="25" year="1973">
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
and Eshbaugh (1973)
</bibRefCitation>
proposed 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. annuum subsp. var. var. aviculare" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="annuum" subSpecies="var." variety="aviculare">C. annuum var. aviculare</taxonomicName>
, based on 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. indicum subsp. var. var. aviculare" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="indicum" subSpecies="var." variety="aviculare">C. indicum var. aviculare</taxonomicName>
, a name that was frequently used in literature to refer to the widespread spontaneous variety of 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. annuum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="annuum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. annuum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the interest of fixing the application of the basionym, we are designating a neotype using the modern collection 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E.L. Tyson 5222</emphasis>
(MO-562584, acc. # 1980106) that 
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
used to illustrate this taxon (figure 4 in 
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
1973) which shows its diagnostic characters.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Fingerhuth, A" journalOrPublisher="Arnz &amp; Comp., Duesseldorf" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B154" refString="Fingerhuth, A, 1832. Monographia generis Capsici. Arnz &amp; Comp., Duesseldorf" title="Monographia generis Capsici." year="1832">Fingerhuth (1832)</bibRefCitation>
gave a very brief description for 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. frutescens subsp. var. var. minus" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="frutescens" subSpecies="var." variety="minus">C. frutescens var. minus</taxonomicName>
(&quot;fructu ovato obtuso minori&quot;) and based this name on an illustration in the pre-Linnean 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rumphius’">Rumphius'</normalizedToken>
Herbarium Amboinense (1747: Tab. 88, fig. 2, as 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum rubrum subsp. minimum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="rubrum" subSpecies="minimum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum rubrum minimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). This figure is of a complete flowering and fruiting branch that unequivocally matches with our concept of 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. annuum subsp. var. var. glabriusculum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="annuum" subSpecies="var." variety="glabriusculum">C. annuum var. glabriusculum</taxonomicName>
. As no collections were cited and no specimens with internal evidence of being part of the original material were found, Tab. 88, fig. 2 of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rumphius’">Rumphius'</normalizedToken>
work is selected as the lectotype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
In describing 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. chlorocarpum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="chlorocarpum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. chlorocarpum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Dunal, MF" journalOrPublisher=") Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 690" refId="B132" refString="Dunal, MF, 1852. Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed.) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 13 (1): 1 - 690" title="Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed." volume="13" year="1852">Dunal (1852)</bibRefCitation>
cited in the protologue &quot;Berland. n. 97, in h. DC. et Boiss&quot;. We did not find the duplicate that Dunal saw in the &quot;h. Boiss&quot; (now part of the general herbarium at G). Therefore, we select here the duplicate at G-DC (G00131884) as the lectotype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dunal" authorityYear="1852" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum laurifolium" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laurifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum laurifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described, based on two different specimens in G-DC, both mounted on the same sheet. The right hand specimen (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anonymous 67</emphasis>
, G00131902) comes from the Island of Guadeloupe in the Leeward Islands, part of the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean. The left hand specimen is that of Blanchet from Bahia (Brazil). Of these two collections, we have selected the most complete specimen that most closely matches the data in the protologue (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Blanchet 3098 A</emphasis>
) as the lectotype (G00131882).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Dunal, MF" journalOrPublisher=") Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 690" refId="B132" refString="Dunal, MF, 1852. Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed.) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 13 (1): 1 - 690" title="Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed." volume="13" year="1852">Dunal (1852)</bibRefCitation>
based the description of 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. hispidum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hispidum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. hispidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on three specimens of 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Berlandier 152</emphasis>
today housed at G. The one in G-DC (G00131880) is the best-preserved and is here selected as the lectotype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Dunal, MF" journalOrPublisher=") Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 690" refId="B132" refString="Dunal, MF, 1852. Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed.) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 13 (1): 1 - 690" title="Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed." volume="13" year="1852">Dunal (1852)</bibRefCitation>
described 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. angustifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="angustifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. angustifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based on specimens from plants cultivated in the Botanic Gardens in Geneva (&quot;hort. Geneve 1836&quot;). We have selected as the lectotype a sheet in G-DC (G00131878) with the same data as the protologue (&quot; 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum baccatum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baccatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum baccatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
hort. Geneve, 1836&quot;) and a handwritten label with &quot; 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum angustifolium" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum angustifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dun., janvier 1845&quot; in 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dunal’s">Dunal's</normalizedToken>
hand.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" author="Barboza, GE" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="23 - 38" refId="B32" refString="Barboza, GE, 2011. Lectotypifications, synonymy, and a new name in Capsicum (Solanoideae, Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 2: 23 - 38, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" title="Lectotypifications, synonymy, and a new name in Capsicum (Solanoideae, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" volume="2" year="2011">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Barboza’s">Barboza's</normalizedToken>
(2011)
</bibRefCitation>
lectotypification for 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. microphyllum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="microphyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. microphyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
using the collection 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Berlandier 1907</emphasis>
from 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Béjar”">&quot;Bejar&quot;</normalizedToken>
(Texas, United States of America) must be set aside, since 
<bibRefCitation author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Baileya" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="93 - 105" refId="B103" refString="D'Arcy, WG, Eshbaugh, WH, 1974. New World Peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae) North of Colombia: A Resume. Baileya 19 (3): 93 - 105" title="New World Peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae) North of Colombia: A Resume." volume="19" year="1974">
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
and Eshbaugh (1974)
</bibRefCitation>
explicitly lectotypified this name earlier with the collection of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1792" class="Insecta" family="Solanaceae" genus="Sagra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sagra" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sagra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Cuba at G-DC.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. material 4: Appendix 4.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>