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</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="8FAE65FF64FBEE8AF9B02C7497378EC2">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="D0FA0C71C4869B144DE430D198FF3BCF" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EDBB12A8F2A2433E2948A2417DB707B4" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-240-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="98240F07214EAAA7ED9A7BF2651E31AE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:98240F07214EAAA7ED9A7BF2651E31AE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/98240F07214EAAA7ED9A7BF2651E31AE" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="3CD52002917AC34806D25A7C39431835" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="BFD040DA7DC1E9AD62ED76DC99612B91" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="7EE749687E12690A5178745B9C61BF56" ID-CoL="9CKRH" authority="Afzel. ex R. Br., Denham, Clapperton &amp; Oudney, Narr. Travels Africa: 235. 1826." authorityName="Afzel. ex R. Br., Denham, Clapperton &amp; Oudney, Narr. Travels Africa: 235. 1826." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrophleum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrophleum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Erythrophleum Afzel. ex R. Br., Denham, Clapperton &amp; Oudney, Narr. Travels Africa: 235. 1826.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="467482C871E305C8868A78E25732A89F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="C158B18E3A60F37CE58C9CA2043E1B18" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="ABB3844CDC83DD1746EE6F6120F50023" captionStart="Figure 99" captionStartId="F106" captionText="Figure 99. Habit, bark and foliage of Erythrophleeae A Erythrophleum fordii Oliv. at Hung Temple, Vietnam B bark of Erythrophleum couminga Baill. in Madagascar C Pachyelasma tessmannii (Harms) Harms in Congolian rainforest D, E, H Erythrophleum chlorostachys Baill. D rugous bark E tree in northern Australian savannas H foliage F Erythrophleum lasianthum Corbishley foliage G Erythrophleum suaveolens (Guill. &amp; Perr.) Brenan foliage and terminal inflorescences, Ntumbachusi falls, Zambia. Photo credits A Hungda (https: // tropical. theferns. info / image. php? id = Erythrophleum + fordii) B Solofo Eric Rakotoarisoa, iNaturalist (https: // www. inaturalist. org / photos / 42581094) C Bart Wursten (https: // www. flickr. com / photos / zimbart / 8212743587 / in / photolist-dvJsxn-dvJnwi) D, E, H G Mahajan (https: // alchetron. com / Erythrophleum-chlorostachys) F JMK (https: // wikiwand. com / en / Erythrophleum _ lasianthum) G MG Bingham (https: // malawiflora. com / speciesdata / image-display. php? species _ id = 126540 &amp; image _ id = 8)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure99" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014772" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 99</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="8D1E4AE9EBB99D7616425A8786EA7E62" captionStart="Figure 100" captionStartId="F107" captionText="Figure 100. Distribution of Erythrophleum based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure100" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014773" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 100</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="D4A4A7C8AB54659AF70FD82A9BB15D23" captionStart="Figure 101" captionStartId="F108" captionText="Figure 101. Tribe Erythrophleeae inflorescences, fruits and seeds A-D Spicate racemes of species of Erythrophleum with small flowers, erect sepals and petals and hairy stamen filaments A E. suaveolens (Guill. &amp; Perr.) Brenan with a visiting fly B E. chlorostachys (F. Muell.) Baill. (Ironwood) C, D E. lasianthum Corbishley E-I Fruits and seeds E dehisced fruits of Erythrophleum suaveolens F, G ripe fruits of Erythrophleum lasianthum H, I dispersed fruits of Pachyelasma tessmannii (Harms) Harms on the forest floor, showing the flat valves and raised margins. Photo credits: A AlkalIn (https: // commons. wikimedia. org / wiki / File: Flowers _ of _ Erythrophleum _ suaveolens. jpg) B T Harley (https: // territorynativeplants. com. au / erythrophleum-chlorostachys-ironwood) C, D SAplants E Oliver Haumann, iNaturalist (https: // www. inaturalist. org / photos / 60428121) F, G JMK (https: // commons. wikimedia. org / wiki / File: Erythrophleum _ lasianthum, _ loof _ en _ peule, _ Manie _ van _ der _ Schijff _ BT, _ a. jpg) H B Wursten (https: // flickr. com / photos / zimbart / 8212726705) I T Stevart (https: // tropicos. org / ImageDownload. aspx? imageid = 100336252)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure101" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014774" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 101</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5FE6F9505E5661CB1C4978C666551184" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="85823CADF5EA8C4B1AE486562CE8320F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="8661C9DD7C1F57B4F1E534051B9579C9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrophleum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrophleum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Erythrophleum</taxonomicName>
Afzel. ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 2: 424. 1832. Type: 
<taxonomicName id="AD68F6B9DDE55F019E5449816D5491C3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrophleum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrophleum guineense" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guineense">Erythrophleum guineense</taxonomicName>
G. Don [= 
<taxonomicName id="11B29A22B37715A6FFA904A01792F269" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrophleum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrophleum suaveolens" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suaveolens">Erythrophleum suaveolens</taxonomicName>
(Guill. &amp; Perr.) Brenan], nom. superfl.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E0395CB1A9EE50CB4107D4BEA1DA5B16" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="499CBBE8FF49625B231522FBF0753965" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Fillaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fillaea" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Fillaea</taxonomicName>
Guill. &amp; Perr., Fl. Seneg. Tent. 1: 242, pl. 55. 1832. Type: 
<taxonomicName id="9E077847550801B6D32801D0C8D9130A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Fillaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fillaea suaveolens" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suaveolens">Fillaea suaveolens</taxonomicName>
Guill. &amp; Perr. [≡ 
<taxonomicName id="4AB5BF97DDCB137DF3793C80EFA56CF0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrophleum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrophleum suaveolens" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suaveolens">Erythrophleum suaveolens</taxonomicName>
(Guill. &amp; Perr.) Brenan]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A90D4A1DB8FD66DD87AB869CE7A221B2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="BCA7DD317F23A1ED4AA07DC94C6D75BB" authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1952" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Mavia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mavia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Mavia</taxonomicName>
G. Bertol., Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Ist. Bologna 2: 570. 1850. Type: 
<taxonomicName id="2829CB9D7E3B06FF98FBA7CCF1359D5A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Mavia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mavia judicialis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="judicialis">Mavia judicialis</taxonomicName>
G. Bertol. [= 
<taxonomicName id="A3B0658ECBF2E196C08EAE50A75808D9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrophleum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrophleum suaveolens" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suaveolens">Erythrophleum suaveolens</taxonomicName>
(Guill. &amp; Perr.) Brenan]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="64F4132EA9AD88E6FD9731F221869BA4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="F5AFE696CC8169292AA74242320AE06A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Laboucheria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Laboucheria" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Laboucheria</taxonomicName>
F. Muell., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3: 158. 1859. Type: 
<taxonomicName id="79F83B3C97849AB98D32DD72E882D880" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Laboucheria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Laboucheria chlorostachya" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chlorostachya">Laboucheria chlorostachya</taxonomicName>
F. Muell. [≡ 
<taxonomicName id="9AC6747F6E9F534C7328290D63E6C8F0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrophleum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrophleum chlorostachys" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chlorostachys">Erythrophleum chlorostachys</taxonomicName>
(F. Muell.) Baill.]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7086249B640B97A571FF2EEB27981323" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="BE053D53489B32950137BB85DCA71025" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus id="A62D09B2F16C3BAC5FA55D61E832B0DF">Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="90EE21BCA9DFF7545059E7FD11D35A85" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="25CB990DFC48E459B957AB58F6476187" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrophleum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrophleum suaveolens" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suaveolens">
<emphasis id="253152E8E46F5F0738101890017BE64E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erythrophleum suaveolens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Guill. &amp; Perr.) Brenan
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="24AE71E4B2CD633B4F3DA848D3A78E14" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="8EFEAB2CA1FC82FC8F68220F18D29BF1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="458DCEF9D5A7EC4A0E7A7AD15B846B88" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Unarmed trees to 30 m, treelets, rarely shrubs; trunk with rough bark; short shoots absent. 
<emphasis id="C14385DDE38F2972345897E066D0E19A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stipules</emphasis>
very small, caducous. 
<emphasis id="FBE1DB9FF8E86008AFDAA541C0EB1025" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
bipinnate; extrafloral nectaries present (7 species) or absent (3), with the secretory surface sunken in a pit capped by a small round pore (
<bibRefCitation id="0711AC8461F4FF08AFA358EA1158525A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2656628" author="Pascal, LM" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="327 - 338" refId="B643" refString="Pascal, LM, Motte-Florac, EF, McKey, DB, 2000. Secretory structures on the leaf rachis of Caesalpinieae and Mimosoideae (Leguminosae): implications for the evolution of nectary glands. American Journal of Botany 87: 327 - 338, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2656628" title="Secretory structures on the leaf rachis of Caesalpinieae and Mimosoideae (Leguminosae): implications for the evolution of nectary glands." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2656628" volume="87" year="2000">Pascal et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
); pinnae 2-7 pairs, opposite or subopposite, articulated with leaf rachis; leaflets (4) 7-17 per pinna, alternate, mostly elliptical or ovate to oblong with an acuminate to acute, rarely rounded apex, petiolulate, pinnately veined, mostly asymmetrical because of slightly displaced midvein; stipels absent. 
<emphasis id="615A5972DA363A46013DA14B26653EF5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescences</emphasis>
densely flowered, elongate spicate racemes, usually clustered in ample terminal panicles; bracts small, caducous; bracteoles absent. 
<emphasis id="53A54953E8E6456021D909941F401448" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowers</emphasis>
small, actinomorphic, bisexual, shortly pedicellate, subsessile, greenish-yellow or white; hypanthium cupular to tubular; sepals 5, joined at the base or to the middle, lobes imbricate, usually open from an early stage; petals 5, free, imbricate, sessile, pubescent, oblanceolate, narrowed towards base; stamens 10, free, more or less equal or alternately longer and shorter, filaments glabrous or pubescent, anthers dehiscing longitudinally; pollen in tricolporate, psilate monads; intrastaminal disk absent; ovary long-stipitate, tomentose or densely pubescent, tapering into a short conical style, stigma minute, punctiform, minutely ciliolate, ovules numerous. 
<emphasis id="8D3168608AB094A6AB2F2C9BD1479992" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fruits</emphasis>
two-valved legumes, flattened, straight or slightly curved, oblong or oblong-elliptic, 2-11-seeded, dehiscing through both margins, not internally septate; valves thin, woody or coriaceous, not becoming twisted, mostly smooth, without prominent venation. 
<emphasis id="47308832CEEE06B18E4D253DF86D9168" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seeds</emphasis>
globose to ellipsoid, only slightly compressed, pleurogram absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="74733DB3DBDBBD8C3D6309A223CDC14D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chromosome number">
<paragraph id="E4C29C63027A9AAC3CCC24C098BC42CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CED9F8812826C52792E7D007980C4A92" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
2 
<emphasis id="E732AC04D10D5DD8358885148A39D27F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
= 24, 28 (
<bibRefCitation id="04FDB4848405896CE305FDC198B99B96" author="Goldblatt, P" editor="Polhill, RM" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="427 - 463" refId="B310" refString="Goldblatt, P, 1981b. Cytology and the phylogeny of Leguminosae. In: Polhill, RM, Raven, PH, Eds., Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 2. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom: 427 - 463" title="Cytology and the phylogeny of Leguminosae." volumeTitle="Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 2." year="1981 b">Goldblatt 1981b</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="59F9E2741581447ACC35FF1523B0CD3B" author="Okeyo, JM" journalOrPublisher="Taiwania" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Erythrophleum_suaveolens_(PROTA)#Erythrophleum_lasianthum" refId="B628" refString="Okeyo, JM, 2006. Erythrophleum suaveolens (Guill. &amp; Perr.) Brenan. In: Schmelzer GH, Gurib-Fakim A (Eds) PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources vegetales de l'Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands. [Accessed 8 July 2023] http://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Erythrophleum_suaveolens_(PROTA)#Erythrophleum_lasianthum" title="Erythrophleum suaveolens (Guill. &amp; Perr.) Brenan. In: Schmelzer GH, Gurib-Fakim A (Eds) PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources vegetales de l'Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands. [Accessed 8 July 2023]" url="http://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Erythrophleum_suaveolens_(PROTA)#Erythrophleum_lasianthum" year="2006">Okeyo 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6D143C4FA4970A2613DCB9CA54BB0F4A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5AFC2A9FBA5931FD6F5D8173C88E5CD2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Included species and geographic distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B11FBF108EC0DFA23AEF985EA9FF58E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Twelve species, five in tropical sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar, four in eastern and south-eastern Asia (south-eastern China, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Taiwan) and three in northern Australia (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="2A51522FBD303DE330E5BDBF271BC46A" captionStart="Figure 100" captionStartId="F107" captionText="Figure 100. Distribution of Erythrophleum based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure100" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014773" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">100</figureCitation>
). Introduced in Malaya and Sri Lanka.
</paragraph>
<caption id="ECEF969C20334F32BCC959A0B2029775" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure99" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014772" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 99" startId="F106">
<paragraph id="C94314EE32D5617CBDDFF9BB88D749A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="9E64B4ACFC4B394050A73C425FCA3803" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 99.</emphasis>
Habit, bark and foliage of 
<taxonomicName id="C75FDD2676B5B76EB307152AD231E474" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="tribe" tribe="Erythrophleeae">Erythrophleeae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="355016AFF9D3B60D99C4775C8E0CCC72" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C332907752300D7BDCA2D1BFA2F24051" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrophleum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrophleum fordii" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fordii">
<emphasis id="10F39874FF17196FD63E434114B26024" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erythrophleum fordii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Oliv. at 
<normalizedToken id="C1054AA43A01B260764B096FD6E3780B" originalValue="Hùng">Hung</normalizedToken>
Temple, Vietnam 
<emphasis id="E6AC096EDA3E8013A412AD47A65763D0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
bark of 
<taxonomicName id="D72972262A19292AAC6D9DEEF6353EA7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrophleum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrophleum couminga" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="couminga">
<emphasis id="333EEE69A8AFDFB9E12CE9AA41C21E6A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erythrophleum couminga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Baill. in Madagascar 
<emphasis id="D043C1115726C99A920F979D32068625" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4FD322A4AD10A6D61B5116596B79D68B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Pachyelasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachyelasma tessmannii" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tessmannii">
<emphasis id="5ADDF10AF6119D6ABCBE43E4548D45F4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pachyelasma tessmannii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Harms) Harms in Congolian rainforest 
<emphasis id="71885BE3F4AC1621F04DC0390B1DF0C6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D, E, H</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC38DE70C1C1FB8B46FB8CEAF6F8D7FE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrophleum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrophleum chlorostachys" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chlorostachys">
<emphasis id="25FC409EE55A0C6ECF431AD88D6FF7B8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erythrophleum chlorostachys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Baill. 
<emphasis id="BDD1384529B7D85A8EBD4E2671E96321" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
rugous bark 
<emphasis id="F0FF9489703E764EEE6066F00A6CC1B3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
tree in northern Australian savannas 
<emphasis id="C86E927A30EEA5049998A225AB2B8935" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
foliage 
<emphasis id="CE254B3E2DB2DA90BB60A28E6A1E5292" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="13F691483A9297564DF284B05BD843F7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrophleum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrophleum lasianthum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasianthum">
<emphasis id="A6A5C7AA5465CB1D24701A6AEBB86CFE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erythrophleum lasianthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Corbishley foliage 
<emphasis id="AD9809E302CA8F5C9E51BE157745FDF7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2CB6E5E74E8FAE73F805176727E64682" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrophleum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrophleum suaveolens" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suaveolens">
<emphasis id="1DA66462F8B15F65CF44EF731CCB1B90" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erythrophleum suaveolens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Guill. &amp; Perr.) Brenan foliage and terminal inflorescences, Ntumbachusi falls, Zambia. Photo credits 
<emphasis id="FA2CEDA6639D24F22541868473D39833" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
Hungda (https://tropical.theferns.info/image.php?id=Erythrophleum+fordii) 
<emphasis id="798C854DFA693C7796261E4E480AA587" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
Solofo Eric Rakotoarisoa, iNaturalist (https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/42581094) 
<emphasis id="896850EB8846FF8966EC9EB6452515BE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
Bart Wursten (https://www.flickr.com/photos/zimbart/8212743587/in/photolist-dvJsxn-dvJnwi) 
<emphasis id="B8C1C61E9C1A5E2D9BEF5D79D2BAF183" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D, E, H</emphasis>
G Mahajan (https://alchetron.com/Erythrophleum-chlorostachys) 
<emphasis id="58EAB45A561E3F5E1C732ABBCED288D9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
JMK (https://wikiwand.com/en/Erythrophleum_lasianthum) 
<emphasis id="5FE659A4EA30429CC896FE23F1F283FB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
MG Bingham (https://malawiflora.com/speciesdata/image-display.php?species_id=126540&amp;image_id=8).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="57E321A364FAC32F193606E96944E442" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure100" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014773" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 100" startId="F107">
<paragraph id="3774BF96C1176F614C9633E82B10E074" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="892997A6F27B3326584FD2FA6A5EB90D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 100.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="1703C05333A0825444B2EC76A3A17586" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrophleum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrophleum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C7DDC237BD36A25ACBCD10FC2EAED1D1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erythrophleum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F3CA57EE2D35DF167D7F09B08E197F42" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="150E92D08A8081F05C15FB4708B5D720" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB6F0E7AC8175097A56FBF76C22F0687" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tropical lowland wet forests in western Africa and south-eastern Asia, seasonally dry forests, woodlands and savannas in central-southern Africa and Australia.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7ECD003A59F195689B9FC2AAA4D32A72" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="B1EC79383CC42A78492B535DFE0ADC21" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2888205CCDBCCECDAC0DA0890E832BB4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
From Greek, 
<emphasis id="8687A3991E60EA578A0190B10B063D4C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">erythros</emphasis>
(= red) and 
<emphasis id="0E6F6C8D5FE4F45DDCE5997562B6059C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">phloio</emphasis>
(= bark), in reference to the red juice which flows from the trunk when cut.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C098FE8F6E4CB44A1543FE1020F5AADF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="human uses">
<paragraph id="9FB84689593CE108683BA1222A33DF9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Human uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1AB70F4D054F376DFD67E4A0E43D24BD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Almost all parts of the plants of species of 
<taxonomicName id="51697E5FDF5A036A49CAD9ED5BBD628B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrophleum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrophleum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EEF5BF3BA63FFC541880E8DA940040D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erythrophleum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are highly toxic for humans and livestock, due mostly to alkaloids, which have a 
<taxonomicName id="4ABBA45970F2B302EBDCFEFB396B0AD1" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Digitalis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Digitalis" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2A35682E16D9980D5239BD707B94E2A7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Digitalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like action on the heart, and to saponins (
<bibRefCitation id="012A5E23126F86DEA8F0979F7652497D" author="Margaret, SG" journalOrPublisher="Australian Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://hdl.handle.net/2144/22515" refId="B534" refString="Margaret, SG, 1959. Structure studies of cassaic acid. PhD Thesis, Boston University, USA. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/22515" title="Structure studies of cassaic acid. PhD Thesis, Boston University, USA." url="https://hdl.handle.net/2144/22515" year="1959">Margaret 1959</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="232855A8F956C67B27722108A148C28D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.05.006" author="Ha, MT" journalOrPublisher="Bioorganic &amp; Medicinal Chemistry Letters" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="2946 - 2952" refId="B340" refString="Ha, MT, Tran, MH, Phuong, TT, Kim, JA, Woo, MH, Choi, JS, Lee, S, Lee, JH, Lee, HK, Min, BS, 2017. Cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing activities against human lung cancer cell lines of cassaine diterpenoids from the bark of Erythrophleum fordii. Bioorganic &amp; Medicinal Chemistry Letters 27 (13): 2946 - 2952, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.05.006" title="Cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing activities against human lung cancer cell lines of cassaine diterpenoids from the bark of Erythrophleum fordii." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.05.006" volume="27" year="2017">Ha et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
). Many species are used for therapeutic purposes in various local communities in Africa and Asia (reviewed in 
<bibRefCitation id="78A1E634F56339C118006098862DAE69" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-019-09640-0" author="Son, NY" journalOrPublisher="Phytochemistry Reviews" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="571 - 599" refId="B805" refString="Son, NY, 2019. Genus Erythrophleum: Botanical description, traditional use, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Phytochemistry Reviews 18 (3): 571 - 599, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-019-09640-0" title="Genus Erythrophleum: Botanical description, traditional use, phytochemistry and pharmacology." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-019-09640-0" volume="18" year="2019">Son 2019</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="75C7916FA5A23CB9F549A22439F9F328" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1071/SB23007" author="Barrett, RL" journalOrPublisher="Australian Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="401 - 426" refId="B48" refString="Barrett, RL, Barrett, MD, 2023. Taxonomic revision of Australian Erythrophleum (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) including description of two new species. Australian Systematic Botany 36 (5): 401 - 426, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/SB23007" title="Taxonomic revision of Australian Erythrophleum (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) including description of two new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/SB23007" volume="36" year="2023">Barrett and Barrett 2023</bibRefCitation>
), especially for cardiovascular diseases [
<taxonomicName id="38D3B2E5C5B479BC9A35C80417F5117D" lsidName="E. africanum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="africanum">
<emphasis id="604979745DC96CE9BDC968557F77941C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. africanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Welw. ex Benth.) Harms, 
<taxonomicName id="49C14AA712B74946249D75BAD9674ADE" lsidName="E. suaveolens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="suaveolens">
<emphasis id="35A75B7033AEEB13C18D0488521A0F7F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. suaveolens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], leishmaniasis (
<taxonomicName id="22EB2C33252E51B7A9837940D07C1645" lsidName="E. suaveolens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="suaveolens">
<emphasis id="D331E117F44F8562BE45D636E37438A5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. suaveolens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), to invigorate and promote blood circulation (
<taxonomicName id="9FE61929C5321A802D4AD76687F99647" lsidName="E. fordii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fordii">
<emphasis id="C1ABFCF86B5FB42B5E1933C48AF5FD41" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. fordii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Oliv.), or for anticonvulsant and anti-inflammatory properties (
<taxonomicName id="28098C6F385B3C9DBBAA9DC04E668847" lsidName="E. suaveolens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="suaveolens">
<emphasis id="AA998BD5E50B6E8949D99CBF2CE13B4A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. suaveolens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The powdered bark of 
<taxonomicName id="089BDA0EE0FE4A45FA76DEA34EE7B54E" lsidName="E. lasianthum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lasianthum">
<emphasis id="7F2D224247F4D5CD94897F9CB9EC718D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. lasianthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Corbishley is taken as a snuff to relieve headaches, as a remedy for other pains and fever, and to cure lung sickness in cattle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C2E5349B42B81F0B3EA087D83D02141" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The crushed bark of some species (
<taxonomicName id="C949F50BE92EDEB7A531D610AA554F30" lsidName="E. lasianthum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lasianthum">
<emphasis id="2BFBE8130264779AE96AD6271F1733D9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. lasianthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="649CA60CCE418D027A972E2E42AB1B39" lsidName="E. suaveolens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="suaveolens">
<emphasis id="ADCA00772A06845F4EF2B82D41E2FAAB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. suaveolens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is used as a fish and rat poison and crushed seeds are used as a component of arrow poison (
<bibRefCitation id="CC153BFBBDC666A551F7A75C1F5F44A2" author="Lewis, GP" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B471" refString="Lewis, GP, 2005b. Tribe Caesalpinieae. In: Lewis G, Schrire B, Mackinder B, Lock M (Eds) Legumes of the World, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom, 127-161." title="Tribe Caesalpinieae. In: Lewis G, Schrire B, Mackinder B, Lock M (Eds) Legumes of the World, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom, 127 - 161." year="2005 b">Lewis 2005b</bibRefCitation>
). West African species are known as 'ordeal 
<normalizedToken id="388CF2EB829B836A2AF64C9067AD6068" originalValue="trees’">trees'</normalizedToken>
or 'poison 
<normalizedToken id="3399F3C539A4206F469F62327F4D88DF" originalValue="d’épreuve’">d'epreuve'</normalizedToken>
because a poisonous concoction made of the bark of some species is used in 
<normalizedToken id="EFEEA68FC00DEF0BE2D8AFCA326DE522" originalValue="“Sassywood”">&quot;Sassywood&quot;</normalizedToken>
, a drink used in a form of trial by ordeal that was in use in West Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="ED98A162DEF8172D01E17C0467625B36" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2012.02.002" author="Leeson, PT" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Comparative Economics" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="608 - 620" refId="B461" refString="Leeson, PT, Coyne, CJ, 2012. Sassywood. Journal of Comparative Economics 40: 608 - 620, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2012.02.002" title="Sassywood." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2012.02.002" volume="40" year="2012">Leeson and Coyne 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="79DB175217DD52F548A2041CCDC34C96" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Timber of some species, usually named as 
<normalizedToken id="EF4BA3EAE4EF1770DE23D02E3258C264" originalValue="‘Tali’">'Tali'</normalizedToken>
, is used for railway sleepers, boat building and canoes, heavy construction and joinery, firewood, and charcoal (
<bibRefCitation id="3176348D6550E887401D4F8A6BFD9636" author="Lewis, GP" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B471" refString="Lewis, GP, 2005b. Tribe Caesalpinieae. In: Lewis G, Schrire B, Mackinder B, Lock M (Eds) Legumes of the World, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom, 127-161." title="Tribe Caesalpinieae. In: Lewis G, Schrire B, Mackinder B, Lock M (Eds) Legumes of the World, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom, 127 - 161." year="2005 b">Lewis 2005b</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="BC149EDC478935F15A550CB65A3E679A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrophleum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrophleum chlorostachys" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chlorostachys">
<emphasis id="B580060C2F293683C0A65528F1A74586" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erythrophleum chlorostachys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(including 
<taxonomicName id="9FF833FBAEDBE10E7D42E4DDAEA0E8B0" lsidName="E. pubescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis id="B46D39A45393DAC3843ECACE26B5AFDC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.L. Barrett &amp; M.D. Barrett and 
<taxonomicName id="04A92411E1088142EE09B0C6E1A0F5AD" lsidName="E. arenarium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="arenarium">
<emphasis id="372B5731617EF695C1D4DB5DB73A8BB7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. arenarium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.L. Barrett &amp; M.D. Barrett) is one of the densest native timbers of Australia (
<bibRefCitation id="351C537012B698432824BEB1F27BDE8D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1071/SB23007" author="Barrett, RL" journalOrPublisher="Australian Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="401 - 426" refId="B48" refString="Barrett, RL, Barrett, MD, 2023. Taxonomic revision of Australian Erythrophleum (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) including description of two new species. Australian Systematic Botany 36 (5): 401 - 426, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/SB23007" title="Taxonomic revision of Australian Erythrophleum (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) including description of two new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/SB23007" volume="36" year="2023">Barrett and Barrett 2023</bibRefCitation>
). Several species of 
<taxonomicName id="B642CA99F81BBCE3E329CF611CB27A95" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrophleum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrophleum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="117169603ECD0334372CFDBB072724C7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erythrophleum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are threatened by over-exploitation for medicinal or timber uses (
<bibRefCitation id="70E07F526B9028E1EA54557B3F28A406" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1071/SB23007" author="Barrett, RL" journalOrPublisher="Australian Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="401 - 426" refId="B48" refString="Barrett, RL, Barrett, MD, 2023. Taxonomic revision of Australian Erythrophleum (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) including description of two new species. Australian Systematic Botany 36 (5): 401 - 426, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/SB23007" title="Taxonomic revision of Australian Erythrophleum (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) including description of two new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/SB23007" volume="36" year="2023">Barrett and Barrett 2023</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46EE7742720B4B70B4533C3F0C090C40" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph id="F7495AE63528732B4F618EF94C515C87" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F8D22C2CF1878D520A4D3D74601AE6B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Together the twelve species of 
<taxonomicName id="19763544E7408B4E29580B510D21B47E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrophleum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrophleum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="177F08E0A72A1D01E7C39640513A97CE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erythrophleum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comprise a morphologically cohesive genus, diagnosed by the combination of macrophyllidious bipinnate leaves, pedicellate flowers with straight and almost erect sepals and petals, and a long stipitate ovary tapering to a short conical style. The genus can be differentiated from 
<taxonomicName id="3C949519C89FE66380D3A35954C9506A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Pachyelasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachyelasma" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CB42000EBED97980FEBBBCC20462E73C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pachyelasma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the length of the ovary stipe (long in 
<taxonomicName id="B86887D8653889E6E73996ABA4FF5E86" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrophleum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrophleum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="94B032209A3ADCC878D0651979613E57" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erythrophleum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. short in 
<taxonomicName id="7B4767BA81B6BE4B7E132E082A2D55C5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Pachyelasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pachyelasma" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B32696C452635C1D389F821A050AE6F1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pachyelasma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), flower colour (green to greenish-yellow vs. reddish) and fruits (thin woody or leathery valves and margins not thick vs. resinous valves and thick, raised margins).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C560E6B59BDF23014419AA33ED7E884E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
There is some controversy regarding the date and place of publication and the type species of the genus. 
<bibRefCitation id="695C40A3F9A11A5BE8E9F3955B91ED39" author="Don, G" journalOrPublisher="New Phytologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/341117#page/2/mode/1up" refId="B221" refString="Don, G, 1832. A General History of the Dichlamydeous Plants, Volume 2. Gilbert &amp; Rivington, London, United Kingdom. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/341117#page/2/mode/1up" title="A General History of the Dichlamydeous Plants, Volume 2. Gilbert &amp; Rivington, London, United Kingdom." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/341117#page/2/mode/1up" year="1832">Don (1832)</bibRefCitation>
provided an elaborate description of the genus and proposed the new species 
<taxonomicName id="59BF5A65B216063F0C6F0461D64A9122" lsidName="E. guineense" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="guineense">
<emphasis id="3E985DEE433A2B43E3497BDC11B6F626" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. guineense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
G. Don, and this has sometimes been accepted as the original publication. However, the earlier publication by 
<bibRefCitation id="C8B8D9E6E2B8985C00BF2A9E822BEB94" author="Brown, R" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B124" refString="Brown, R, 1826. Botanical Appendix. In: Denham D, Clapperton H, Oudney W, Salame AV Narrative of Travels and Discoveries in Northern and Central Africa In the Years 1822, 1823, and 1824, Volume 1. John Murray, London, United Kingdom, 208-246." title="Botanical Appendix. In: Denham D, Clapperton H, Oudney W, Salame AV Narrative of Travels and Discoveries in Northern and Central Africa In the Years 1822, 1823, and 1824, Volume 1. John Murray, London, United Kingdom, 208 - 246." year="1826">Brown (1826)</bibRefCitation>
, which included only a very brief description of the genus characters, is nonetheless considered sufficient to make the publication valid, and this is adopted here, following 
<bibRefCitation id="2595E0AB269342D583353F4C4CE2B778" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1071/SB23007" author="Barrett, RL" journalOrPublisher="Australian Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="401 - 426" refId="B48" refString="Barrett, RL, Barrett, MD, 2023. Taxonomic revision of Australian Erythrophleum (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) including description of two new species. Australian Systematic Botany 36 (5): 401 - 426, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/SB23007" title="Taxonomic revision of Australian Erythrophleum (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) including description of two new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/SB23007" volume="36" year="2023">Barrett and Barrett (2023)</bibRefCitation>
. 
<taxonomicName id="80E809747E5E6ED6BDF5EE9B05997B17" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrophleum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrophleum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7CC1E615C7BD13CE7442C4EB73EF02C9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erythrophleum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Afzel. ex G. Don is thus considered a later homonym and therefore invalidly published.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18FDD8BA329EC44F489749F991BD6070" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Seven of the twelve species have been included in various molecular phylogenetic and genetic studies, all of which support the monophyly of the genus as sampled (
<bibRefCitation id="7FABD065D8D963C8B58A03DD7E6A8418" author="Bruneau, A" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="487 - 514" refId="B130" refString="Bruneau, A, Forest, F, Herendeen, PS, Klitgaard, BB, Lewis, GP, 2001. Phylogenetic relationships in the Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae) as inferred from chloroplast trn L intron sequences. Systematic Botany 26: 487 - 514" title="Phylogenetic relationships in the Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae) as inferred from chloroplast trn L intron sequences." volume="26" year="2001">Bruneau et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
, 
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<bibRefCitation id="69A9CE430D6B80CCB091B0F31E7684E8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.85866" author="Ringelberg, JJ" editor="Hughes, CE" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="3 - 58" refId="B712" refString="Ringelberg, JJ, Koenen, EJM, Iganci, JR, Queiroz, LP, Murphy, DJ, Gaudeul, M, Bruneau, A, Luckow, M, Lewis, GP, Hughes, CE, 2022. Phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear genes reveals the need for extensive generic re-delimitation in Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae). In: Hughes, CE, Queiroz, LP, Lewis, GP, Eds., Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations. PhytoKeys 205: 3 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.85866" title="Phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear genes reveals the need for extensive generic re-delimitation in Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.85866" volume="205" volumeTitle="Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations." year="2022">Ringelberg et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="677A62EC8DE589D2993347A47B748E91" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1071/SB23007" author="Barrett, RL" journalOrPublisher="Australian Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="401 - 426" refId="B48" refString="Barrett, RL, Barrett, MD, 2023. Taxonomic revision of Australian Erythrophleum (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) including description of two new species. Australian Systematic Botany 36 (5): 401 - 426, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/SB23007" title="Taxonomic revision of Australian Erythrophleum (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) including description of two new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/SB23007" volume="36" year="2023">Barrett and Barrett 2023</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="16B44891E42B85D8369874FA36307C68" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Extrafloral nectaries were first reported in the 1980's and they are now known to be present on the leaf rachis of at least seven of the twelve species (
<bibRefCitation id="8951E5309C498B40743AAAFC3E743A53" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2656628" author="Pascal, LM" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="327 - 338" refId="B643" refString="Pascal, LM, Motte-Florac, EF, McKey, DB, 2000. Secretory structures on the leaf rachis of Caesalpinieae and Mimosoideae (Leguminosae): implications for the evolution of nectary glands. American Journal of Botany 87: 327 - 338, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2656628" title="Secretory structures on the leaf rachis of Caesalpinieae and Mimosoideae (Leguminosae): implications for the evolution of nectary glands." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2656628" volume="87" year="2000">Pascal et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
). Although they have a simpler structure than extrafloral nectaries of the 
<taxonomicName id="3EF1ACDDD8D29D2431D082AFBAAE211E" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="tribe" tribe="Mimoseae">Mimoseae</taxonomicName>
, they have a similar histological structure and probably play a similar role in mediating ant-plant defense systems (
<bibRefCitation id="F739F8CFF13F91191F63462198E69CC0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2656628" author="Pascal, LM" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="327 - 338" refId="B643" refString="Pascal, LM, Motte-Florac, EF, McKey, DB, 2000. Secretory structures on the leaf rachis of Caesalpinieae and Mimosoideae (Leguminosae): implications for the evolution of nectary glands. American Journal of Botany 87: 327 - 338, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2656628" title="Secretory structures on the leaf rachis of Caesalpinieae and Mimosoideae (Leguminosae): implications for the evolution of nectary glands." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2656628" volume="87" year="2000">Pascal et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="B067F355C5F6E1887EA1D55CF0C5E57E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1071/SB19012" author="Marazzi, B" journalOrPublisher="Australian Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="409 - 458" refId="B533" refString="Marazzi, B, Gonzalez, AM, Delgado-Salinas, A, Luckow, MA, Ringelberg, JJ, Hughes, CE, 2019. Extrafloral nectaries in Leguminosae: phylogenetic distribution, morphological diversity and evolution. Australian Systematic Botany 32 (6): 409 - 458, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/SB19012" title="Extrafloral nectaries in Leguminosae: phylogenetic distribution, morphological diversity and evolution." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/SB19012" volume="32" year="2019">Marazzi et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
). Pollen grains of 
<taxonomicName id="627CC06736366661701B835B7F5710C6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrophleum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrophleum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CAA7D7C6A2055CEEF70CE78D96127789" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erythrophleum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are reported to be the smallest found in 
<taxonomicName id="89E670BD1CF193C4404119D9A7EF6092" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Caesalpinioideae">Caesalpinioideae</taxonomicName>
, together with those of 
<taxonomicName id="21E5D2F87A7E5D98BBBFF51FC37E2915" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Burkea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Burkea" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6753E3D4538A66E769993320CFD9BB57" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Burkea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B375E7A358219CB1EDC7890367F0D41B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00173130902749999" author="Banks, HI" journalOrPublisher="Grana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="19 - 26" refId="B33" refString="Banks, HI, Lewis, GP, 2009. Pollen morphology of the Dimorphandra group (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae). Grana 48: 19 - 26, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00173130902749999" title="Pollen morphology of the Dimorphandra group (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00173130902749999" volume="48" year="2009">Banks and Lewis 2009</bibRefCitation>
). Small insects such as beetles, bees and wasps are the main visitors of flowers of 
<taxonomicName id="78203A09D2427A79CB22ED4E6627FAFF" lsidName="E. fordii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fordii">
<emphasis id="8FE1F865F48713D913E95DA24BD53D73" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. fordii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Oliv. and flies were reported on flowers of 
<taxonomicName id="1596F8568F89F512AD05CDBCA913A6B7" lsidName="E. suaveolens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="suaveolens">
<emphasis id="4F672596D7ED4D642D0AB3E6AB5647AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. suaveolens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5CDC3D570B6DD1EEC13CC3E0E29A0D21" author="Zhu, P" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="38 - 44" refId="B934" refString="Zhu, P, Wang, ZF, Ye, WH, Cao, HL, Saravanan, T, 2013. Preliminary studies on pollination and mating system of rare and endangered plant Erythrophleum fordii Oliv. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany 21: 38 - 44" title="Preliminary studies on pollination and mating system of rare and endangered plant Erythrophleum fordii Oliv." volume="21" year="2013">Zhu et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
). Seeds in fresh pods are surrounded by a mucilage that might have a nutritive value; this is supported by the finding of seeds in the faeces of primates, including gorillas (
<bibRefCitation id="884C015E866039713B164E4FF30C6BDC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2015.101" author="Duminil, J" journalOrPublisher="Heredity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="295 - 303" refId="B244" refString="Duminil, J, Dainou, K, Kaviriri, DK, Gillet, P, Loo, J, Doucet, J-L, Hardy, OJ, 2016. Relationships between population density, fine-scale genetic structure, mating system and pollen dispersal in a timber tree from African rainforests. Heredity 116: 295 - 303, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2015.101" title="Relationships between population density, fine-scale genetic structure, mating system and pollen dispersal in a timber tree from African rainforests." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2015.101" volume="116" year="2016">Duminil et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7DDF43124658705E704102AC88BD35A6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="taxonomic references">
<paragraph id="40B0316640904D216C698163BB62B3A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Taxonomic references.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C51133EE02E23DC8F5CECC7532EB4C30" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation id="F63B2BD3C39572A5A8CEF649CD68A338" author="Aubreville, A" journalOrPublisher="Paris, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B25" refString="Aubreville, A, 1968. Flore du Gabon, 15. Legumineuses - Caesalpinioidees. Paris, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" title="Flore du Gabon, 15. Legumineuses - Caesalpinioidees." year="1968">
<normalizedToken id="319D14312FBF6213C39F3BA346DBDB0A" originalValue="Aubréville">Aubreville</normalizedToken>
(1968)
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="07D43E36247D16A06F3C0FE0C26B7EAD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1071/SB23007" author="Barrett, RL" journalOrPublisher="Australian Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="401 - 426" refId="B48" refString="Barrett, RL, Barrett, MD, 2023. Taxonomic revision of Australian Erythrophleum (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) including description of two new species. Australian Systematic Botany 36 (5): 401 - 426, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/SB23007" title="Taxonomic revision of Australian Erythrophleum (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) including description of two new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/SB23007" volume="36" year="2023">Barrett and Barrett (2023)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="250169718C123A6695C20BEA583AF59F" author="Brenan, JPM" editor="Milne-Redhead, E" journalOrPublisher="Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London, United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 230" refId="B105" refString="Brenan, JPM, 1967. Leguminosae, part 2: subfamily Caesalpinioideae. In: Milne-Redhead, E, Polhill, RM, Eds., Flora of Tropical East Africa. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London, United Kingdom: 1 - 230" title="Leguminosae, part 2: subfamily Caesalpinioideae." volumeTitle="Flora of Tropical East Africa." year="1967">Brenan (1967</bibRefCitation>
, with illustration); 
<bibRefCitation id="59E330D4D48DCBDE00E7BA81B079286A" author="Larsen, K" journalOrPublisher="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B452" refString="Larsen, K, Larsen, SS, Vidal, JE, 1980. Legumineuses - Cesalpinioidees. In: Aubreville A, Leroy J-F (Eds) Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Viet-Nam 18. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" title="Legumineuses - Cesalpinioidees. In: Aubreville A, Leroy J-F (Eds) Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Viet-Nam 18." year="1980">Larsen et al. (1980)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="87B5BCBE5631EFAAEA77F7888B2240D9" author="Ross, JH" editor="Ross, JH" journalOrPublisher="Department of Agricultural and Technical Services, Pretoria, South Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 142" refId="B729" refString="Ross, JH, 1977. Fabaceae, Subfamily 2. Caesalpinioideae. In: Ross, JH, Ed., Flora of Southern Africa, Volume 16, Part 1. Department of Agricultural and Technical Services, Pretoria, South Africa: 1 - 142" title="Fabaceae, Subfamily 2. Caesalpinioideae." volumeTitle="Flora of Southern Africa, Volume 16, Part 1." year="1977">Ross (1977)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>