274 lines
35 KiB
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274 lines
35 KiB
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<document id="AB334CC870526C9E63F10E3685938E84" ID-CLB-Dataset="23776" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4747.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="82a579c2-57fb-4e67-bcfe-00fc37bae3ce" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3693495" ID-ZooBank="DE022672-B5E7-4962-89DB-82E3AB7EB81A" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1583137560880" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sanborn, Allen F., Marshall, David C., Moulds, Maxwell S., Puissant, Stéphane & Simon, Chris" docDate="2020" docId="174696560F366A1A8399BCF67D393626" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4747.1.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4747 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hovanini Sanborn, Marshall & Moulds" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="149" masterDocId="EB7FEE2E0F266A0B830EBC6F7F4B3765" masterDocTitle="Redefinition of the cicada tribe Hemidictyini Distant, 1905, status of the tribe Iruanini Boulard, 1993 rev. stat., and the establishment of Hovanini n. tribe and Sapantangini n. tribe (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)" masterLastPageNumber="155" masterPageNumber="133" pageNumber="149" updateTime="1698820075117" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="0938DBF6C2150B8EE2CC584657A3DF4A">Redefinition of the cicada tribe Hemidictyini Distant, 1905, status of the tribe Iruanini Boulard, 1993 rev. stat., and the establishment of Hovanini n. tribe and Sapantangini n. tribe (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CDB74740ABFD62603164A5A4CF188222">Sanborn, Allen F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="86FE52C8C7C5E4D8F5B460A3C4706FE4">Department of Biology, Barry University, 11300 NE Second Avenue, Miami Shores, FL 33161 - 6695, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2E888A47689CE50324A4CB40B926295C" type="email">asanborn@barry. edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A4483876597DD8BBDFFBE7BA95380B02">Marshall, David C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7C7C6B59B65C7E7127239AE536324241">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8DF73B71E244834A5CF1F9477DF6F8EE" type="email">david.marshall@uconn.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="52176F505600D06E9317B25952476208">Moulds, Maxwell S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7693E7A1D9A99C6D8062FDC2D0977EB9">Australian Museum Research Institute, 1 William Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="BEEE679DA016925EE87B6A1707B3A6FD" type="email">msmoulds@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="465B08794F2385CA8430E3884F517A75">Puissant, Stéphane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4DEC03472CA3D854781FD262ECB6E6E9">Muséum - Jardin des Sciences, Mairie de Dijon, CS 73310, F- 21033 Dijon Cedex (France) and Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, case postale 30, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France).</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="716D1F19C5521F6A91870DFB88C948E6" type="email">spuissant@ville-dijon.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="4A7DAF2801EDFE0BBE4125D72505DFF0">Simon, Chris</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A8EC899A682066D15FC4AB58C0D5A4BF">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E402CB9D80793B0AEE540C0D6BA1F78A" type="email">chris.simon@uconn.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="75F81FF0754B1C2E3BC908516B1B802C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3956F0419627CE9095EB2973E3E71641">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AC5D4445D9E38E1B016D42E51257FEC4">2020-03-02</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E30376EDE750E78BD534287B479CA6B4">4747</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="7A8B02D88178C4D39DD7F108D14751C8" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4747.1.5</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="174696560F366A1A8399BCF67D393626" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8187312" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212420015" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8187312" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:174696560F366A1A8399BCF67D393626" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/174696560F366A1A8399BCF67D393626" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">
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<subSubSection id="D7F574CB0F366A1B8399BCF67DA737D6" box="[151,748,153,180]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9F5027400F366A1B8399BCF67DA737D6" blockId="16.[151,748,153,180]" box="[151,748,153,180]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">
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<heading id="C418902C0F366A1B8399BCF67DA737D6" bold="true" box="[151,748,153,180]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="AD9BFB520F366A1B8399BCF67DA737D6" bold="true" box="[151,748,153,180]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">
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<taxonomicName id="58EF5CC30F366A1B8399BCF67DCF37D1" ID-CoL="8JK9G" authority="Sanborn, Marshall & Moulds" authorityName="Sanborn, Marshall & Moulds" box="[151,644,153,180]" family="Cicadidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" rank="tribe" tribe="Hovanini">
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<emphasis id="AD9BFB520F366A1B8399BCF67E4237D6" bold="true" box="[151,265,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">Hovanini</emphasis>
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Sanborn, Marshall & Moulds
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</taxonomicName>
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, n. tribe
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D7F574CB0F366A1B8399BCB17D7A3793" box="[151,561,221,246]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="9F5027400F366A1B8399BCB17D7A3793" blockId="16.[151,561,221,246]" box="[151,561,221,246]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">
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<typeStatus id="405499E20F366A1B8399BCB17F823793" box="[151,201,222,246]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">Type</typeStatus>
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genus
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="BFFF006E0F366A1B821FBCB17D7A3793" box="[273,561,221,246]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">
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<treatmentCitation id="1E4E01510F366A1B821FBCB17D7A3793" author="Distant" box="[273,561,221,246]" page="29" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" year="1905">
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<taxonomicName id="58EF5CC30F366A1B821FBCB17D663793" ID-CoL="8HKNC" authority="Distant 1905 g: 279" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1905" box="[273,557,221,246]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Hovana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="AD9BFB520F366A1B821FBCB17E2A3790" box="[273,353,222,245]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">Hovana</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FB7E5AB10F366A1B8266BCB27D663793" author="Distant, W. L." box="[360,557,221,246]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" pagination="265 - 281" refId="ref13490" refString="Distant, W. L. (1905 g) Rhynchotal notes XXXV. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 16 (93), 265 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745480509442862" type="journal article" year="1905">
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Distant
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<quantity id="58178AA50F366A1B82B9BCB27EB13793" box="[439,506,221,246]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.905" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" unit="g" value="1905.0">1905g</quantity>
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: 279
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D7F574CB0F366A1B8399BD4B7E3932DA" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="9F5027400F366A1B8399BD4B7E41365B" blockId="16.[151,266,292,318]" box="[151,266,292,318]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">
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<heading id="C418902C0F366A1B8399BD4B7E41365B" bold="true" box="[151,266,292,318]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="AD9BFB520F366A1B8399BD4B7E41365B" bold="true" box="[151,266,292,318]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9F5027400F366A1B8399BD037DE53476" blockId="16.[151,1437,364,787]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">
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Head including eyes narrow, much less than lateral angles of pronotal collar; supra-antennal plates extending to eye; lateral ocelli widely spaced, closer to eyes than to each other; postclypeus apex angular in lateral view. Pronotum with median groove, pronotal collar with paranota weakly developed; mid lateral tooth absent. Opercula small, not covering the tympanal cavity, with convex lateral margin, not S-shaped, not surrounding meracanthus. Meracanthus rudimentary. Foreleg primary spine prostrate. Forewing costal vein equal in width to R+Sc; CuP and 1A fused in part. Hind wing anal lobe narrow with anal vein 3 straight; hind wing cubital cell 1 width at distal end not twice or more the width of cubital cell 2; hind wing RP and M veins fused at base. Male abdominal tergites with sides convex in cross section, tergites 2–4 similar in size, tergites 4–7 reducing in width posteriorly; sternite I hidden; epipleurites deeply reflexed to ventral surface. Timbal covers absent, partially formed ridge on dorsal and ventral posterior timbal cavity. Pygofer distal shoulder undeveloped; upper lobe well-developed; basal lobes small; dorsal beak present. Uncus elongated, not retractable within pygofer, curving downward, with laterally expanding apex; claspers absent. Aedeagus lacking a ventrobasal pocket (
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<figureCitation id="07D43BC50F366A1B8155BE977DEB3476" box="[603,672,760,787]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1953,1978]" captionTargetBox="[358,1229,345,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[358,1229,345,1928]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Lateral view of pygofer (A) and dissected aedeagus (B) of Hovana distanti (MNHN). (bl) basal lobe; (db) dorsal beak; (un) uncus; (upl) upper pygofer lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3693507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3693507/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9F5027400F366A1B8399BF507EED343F" blockId="16.[151,422,831,858]" box="[151,422,831,858]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">
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<heading id="C418902C0F366A1B8399BF507EED343F" bold="true" box="[151,422,831,858]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="AD9BFB520F366A1B8399BF507EED343F" bold="true" box="[151,422,831,858]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">Distinguishing features</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9F5027400F366A1B8399BFE77CDE348E" blockId="16.[151,1437,903,1471]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">
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Hovanini
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<emphasis id="AD9BFB520F366A1B8209BFE77E1534C7" bold="true" box="[263,350,903,930]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">n. tribe</emphasis>
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differs from other tribes in having, in combination, a mesonotum with a triangular scutellum extending over the anterior abdominal tergites, opaque forewings, well-developed pygofer upper lobes, a dorsal beak, and a downward curving non-retractable uncus widening at its apex.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9F5027400F366A1B83C9BF9B7E3932DA" blockId="16.[151,1437,903,1471]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">
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Hovanini
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<emphasis id="AD9BFB520F366A1B8239BF9B7EDB336B" bold="true" box="[311,400,1011,1038]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">n. tribe</emphasis>
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can be distinguished from the
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<taxonomicName id="58EF5CC30F366A1B81E0BF9B7C2A336B" authorityName="Moulds & Marshall" authorityYear="2018" box="[750,865,1012,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lacetasini">Lacetasini</taxonomicName>
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by the male operculum that fully encapsulates the meracanthus, the epipleurites reflexed to the ventral surface, the well-developed pygofer upper lobe, the presence of a dorsal beak, and an extended uncus widening at the apex. Hovanini
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<emphasis id="AD9BFB520F366A1B80B4B8537B5A3333" bold="true" box="[954,1041,1083,1110]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">n. tribe</emphasis>
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can be distinguished from the
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<taxonomicName id="58EF5CC30F366A1B8668B8537D50331F" authority="Moulds & Marshall, 2018" authorityName="Moulds & Marshall" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Malagasiini">
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Malagasiini Moulds &
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<bibRefCitation id="FB7E5AB10F366A1B827FB80F7D50331F" author="Marshall, D. C. & Moulds, M. S. & Hill, K. B. R. & Price, B. W. & Wade, E. J. & Owen, C. J. & Goemans, G. & Marathe, K. & Sarkar, V. & Cooley, J. R. & Sanborn, A. F. & Kunte, K. & Villet, M. H. & Simon, C." box="[369,539,1120,1146]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref14376" refString="Marshall, D. C., Moulds, M. S., Hill, K. B. R., Price, B. W., Wade, E. J., Owen, C. J., Goemans, G., Marathe, K., Sarkar, V., Cooley, J. R., Sanborn, A. F., Kunte, K., Villet, M. H. & Simon, C. (2018) A molecular phylogeny of the cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) with a review of tribe and subfamily level classification. Zootaxa, 4424 (1), 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4424.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Marshall, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(in
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FB7E5AB10F366A1B8144B80F7C7B331F" author="Marshall, D. C. & Moulds, M. S. & Hill, K. B. R. & Price, B. W. & Wade, E. J. & Owen, C. J. & Goemans, G. & Marathe, K. & Sarkar, V. & Cooley, J. R. & Sanborn, A. F. & Kunte, K. & Villet, M. H. & Simon, C." box="[586,816,1120,1147]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref14376" refString="Marshall, D. C., Moulds, M. S., Hill, K. B. R., Price, B. W., Wade, E. J., Owen, C. J., Goemans, G., Marathe, K., Sarkar, V., Cooley, J. R., Sanborn, A. F., Kunte, K., Villet, M. H. & Simon, C. (2018) A molecular phylogeny of the cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) with a review of tribe and subfamily level classification. Zootaxa, 4424 (1), 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4424.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
|||
|
|
Marshall
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AD9BFB520F366A1B81B8B80E7DA3331F" box="[694,744,1120,1146]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">et al</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. 2018
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) by the comparatively wide pronotal collar, the widely separated costal and R+Sc veins in the forewings, the prostrate primary spine of the fore-femur, opercula that do not cover the tympanal cavity, the tapering posterior abdomen, the lack of any development in the pygofer distal shoulder, the presence of pygofer upper lobes, and an extended uncus widening at the apex. The Hovanini
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AD9BFB520F366A1B864BB8A37AD63383" bold="true" box="[1349,1437,1227,1254]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">n. tribe</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
differs from the Tettigomyiini in the forewings being significantly longer than the body, the lack of an inflated male abdomen, the deeply reflexed epipleurites, the lack of an extended distal shoulder to the pygofer, the well-developed pygofer upper lobes, the presence of a dorsal beak, and the extended uncus widening at the apex. Finally, the Hovanini
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AD9BFB520F366A1B83C6B9337E543213" bold="true" box="[200,287,1371,1398]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">n. tribe</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
differs from the Ydiellini
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FB7E5AB10F366A1B8131B9337D963213" author="Boulard, M." box="[575,733,1372,1398]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" pagination="841 - 852" refId="ref12615" refString="Boulard, M. (1973) Les Ydiellinae: sous-famile nouvelle de cigales Platypediidae. Cle des familles et sous-familles des Homopteres Cicadoidea. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Nouvelle Serie, 9, 841 - 852. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.2002.10697790" type="journal article" year="1973">
|
|||
|
|
Boulard,
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="58178AA50F366A1B81ABB9337D963213" box="[677,733,1372,1398]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.011419999999999" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" unit="in" value="1973.0">1973</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
in the presence of timbals, the lack of thickened forewing veins adjoining the apical and ulnar cells, the lack of large ulnar cells in the forewings, and the lack of a row of teeth on the hindwing costa.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="D7F574CB0F366A1A8399B9837D393626" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="150" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" type="discussion">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9F5027400F366A1B8399B9837E593163" blockId="16.[151,274,1516,1542]" box="[151,274,1516,1542]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="C418902C0F366A1B8399B9837E593163" bold="true" box="[151,274,1516,1542]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" reason="1">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AD9BFB520F366A1B8399B9837E593163" bold="true" box="[151,274,1516,1542]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">Comments</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9F5027400F366A1B8399BA5B7DAB31F3" blockId="16.[151,1437,1588,2011]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="58EF5CC30F366A1B8399BA5B7E50312B" authorityName="Moulds & Marshall" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,283,1588,1614]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Malagasiini">Malagasiini</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
appears to be the most closely related tribe based on the similarities in characters that distinguish both
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="58EF5CC30F366A1B8399BA377E503117" authorityName="Moulds & Marshall" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,283,1624,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Malagasiini">Malagasiini</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and Hovanini
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AD9BFB520F366A1B82CBBA377D553117" bold="true" box="[453,542,1623,1650]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">n. tribe</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
from the other
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="58EF5CC30F366A1B81DFBA377C313117" box="[721,890,1624,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tettigomyiinae">Tettigomyiinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
tribes. Both tribes are found in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E7F867D00F366A1B87E7BA377A3B3117" box="[1257,1392,1624,1650]" name="Madagascar" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
but differ in the diagnostic characters as outlined above.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9F5027400F366A1A83C9BACF7D393626" blockId="16.[151,1437,1588,2011]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,153,323]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="150" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">
|
|||
|
|
The presence of the reticulated distal forewings in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="58EF5CC30F366A1B81F0BACE7C1C31DF" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1905" box="[766,855,1697,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Hovana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AD9BFB520F366A1B81F0BACE7C1C31DF" box="[766,855,1697,1722]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">Hovana</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="58EF5CC30F366A1B8083BACF7B4531DF" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1835" box="[909,1038,1696,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Hemidictya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AD9BFB520F366A1B8083BACF7B4531DF" box="[909,1038,1696,1722]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">Hemidictya</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
alone does not warrant their classification in the same tribe. There are other cicada genera that possess reticulated, many-celled forewings that are not classified in the same tribes. For example, in the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="58EF5CC30F366A1B81BBBA877C633067" box="[693,808,1768,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cicadinae">Cicadinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="58EF5CC30F366A1B803CBA877B763067" authority="Distant, 1890 a" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1890" box="[818,1085,1768,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Talainga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AD9BFB520F366A1B803CBA877CDE3067" box="[818,917,1768,1794]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">Talainga</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FB7E5AB10F366A1B8095BA877B763067" author="Distant, W. L." box="[923,1085,1768,1794]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" pagination="166 - 167" refId="ref13080" refString="Distant, W. L. (1890 a) Descriptions of a new genus of the homopterous family Cicadidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 5, 166 - 167. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939009460800" type="journal article" year="1890">Distant, 1890a</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="58EF5CC30F366A1B877CBA877A3F3067" authority="He, 1984" authorityName="He" authorityYear="1984" box="[1138,1396,1768,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Paratalainga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AD9BFB520F366A1B877CBA877A4C3067" box="[1138,1287,1768,1794]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">Paratalainga</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FB7E5AB10F366A1B8600BA867A3F3067" author="He, J." box="[1294,1396,1768,1795]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" pagination="221 - 228" refId="ref13848" refString="He, J. (1984) Descriptions of two new genera and four new species of Cicadidae from China (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha). Contributions of the Shanghai Institute of Entomology, 4, 221 - 228. [in Chinese, English summary]" type="journal article" year="1984">He, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
are in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="58EF5CC30F366A1B83BABB637E8E3043" authority="Distant, 1905 c" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1905" box="[180,453,1803,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Gaeanini">
|
|||
|
|
Gaeanini
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FB7E5AB10F366A1B822EBB637E8E3043" author="Distant, W. L." box="[288,453,1803,1830]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" pagination="379 - 387" refId="ref13318" refString="Distant, W. L. (1905 c) Rhynchotal notes XXXI. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 15 (88), 379 - 387. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745480509443064" type="journal article" year="1905">Distant, 1905c</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, whereas
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="58EF5CC30F366A1B813DBB637C2B3043" authority="Distant, 1890 b" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1890" box="[563,864,1804,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Angamiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AD9BFB520F366A1B813DBB637DFF3043" box="[563,692,1804,1830]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">Angamiana</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FB7E5AB10F366A1B81B5BB637C2B3043" author="Distant, W. L." box="[699,864,1804,1830]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" pagination="234 - 235" refId="ref13127" refString="Distant, W. L. (1890 b) Description of a new genus of the homopterous family Cicadidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 5, 234 - 235. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939009460819" type="journal article" year="1890">Distant, 1890b</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="58EF5CC30F366A1B8098BB637B863043" authority="Westwood, 1840" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1840" box="[918,1229,1804,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Polyneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AD9BFB520F366A1B8098BB637B403043" box="[918,1035,1804,1830]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">Polyneura</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FB7E5AB10F366A1B871CBB637B863043" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[1042,1229,1804,1830]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" refId="ref15721" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1840) An introduction to the modern classification of insects; founded on the natural habits and corresponding organisation of the different families. Volume II. Longman, Orme, Green & Longmens, London, 587 pp., appendix 158 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12455" type="book" year="1840">Westwood, 1840</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
are in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="58EF5CC30F366A1B8614BB637D42302F" authority="Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843" authorityName="Amyot & Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Polyneurini">
|
|||
|
|
Polyneurini
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FB7E5AB10F366A1B8399BB5F7D42302F" author="Amyot, C. J. B. & Audinet-Serville, A." box="[151,521,1840,1866]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" refId="ref12412" refString="Amyot, C. J. B. & Audinet-Serville, A. (1843) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Hemipteres. Deuxime partie. Homopteres. Homoptera Latr. Librairie encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 675 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8471" type="book" year="1843">Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Note that the genitalia of these two pairs of genera are much more similar to each other than the genitalia of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="58EF5CC30F366A1B82CDBB3A7D57300B" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1905" box="[451,540,1877,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Hovana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AD9BFB520F366A1B82CDBB3A7D57300B" box="[451,540,1877,1902]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">Hovana</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="58EF5CC30F366A1B815ABB3B7D9E300B" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1835" box="[596,725,1876,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Hemidictya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AD9BFB520F366A1B815ABB3B7D9E300B" box="[596,725,1876,1902]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">Hemidictya</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
are to each other. The differences in the forewing morphology of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="58EF5CC30F366A1B83B9BB167E5B30F7" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1905" box="[183,272,1913,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Hovana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AD9BFB520F366A1B83B9BB167E5B30F7" box="[183,272,1913,1938]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">Hovana</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="58EF5CC30F366A1B8247BB177E8130F7" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1835" box="[329,458,1912,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Hemidictya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AD9BFB520F366A1B8247BB177E8130F7" box="[329,458,1912,1938]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">Hemidictya</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
are distinctive and suggest that these genera evolved the leaf-like appearance of their forewings through convergence rather than from a common ancestor.
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FB7E5AB10F366A1B80A5BBF37B1330D3" author="Boulard, M." box="[939,1112,1948,1974]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref12841" refString="Boulard, M. (2000) Espece, milieu et comportement Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Travaux du Laboratoire Biologie et Evolution des Insectes Hemipteroidea, 13, 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="2000">Boulard (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
recognised this when he described the leaf-like appearance of the forewings of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="58EF5CC30F366A1B81D7BBAF7C1130BF" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1835" box="[729,858,1984,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Hemidictya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AD9BFB520F366A1B81D7BBAF7C1130BF" box="[729,858,1984,2010]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">Hemidictya</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="58EF5CC30F366A1B8069BBAE7C8B30BF" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1905" box="[871,960,1985,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Hovana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AD9BFB520F366A1B8069BBAE7C8B30BF" box="[871,960,1985,2010]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">Hovana</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="58EF5CC30F366A1B80C3BBAE7B6F30BF" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1890" box="[973,1060,1985,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Lacetas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AD9BFB520F366A1B80C3BBAE7B6F30BF" box="[973,1060,1985,2010]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">Lacetas</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="58EF5CC30F366A1B876FBBAE7AD730BF" authority="Westwood, 1842" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1842" box="[1121,1436,1984,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cystosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AD9BFB520F366A1B876FBBAE7B9730BE" box="[1121,1244,1985,2011]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">Cystosoma</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FB7E5AB10F366A1B87EFBBAF7AD730BF" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[1249,1436,1984,2010]" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" pagination="118 - 119" refId="ref15787" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1842) Insectorum novorum centuria, auctore. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 1, 9 (56), 118 - 119. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484209442799" type="journal article" year="1842">Westwood, 1842</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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as parallel evolution from independent ancestors rather than being derived from a similar ancestor as proposed by
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<bibRefCitation id="FB7E5AB10F376A1A8399BCD27E8F37B2" author="Ruschel, T. P. & Campos, L. A." box="[151,452,189,215]" pageId="17" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref14935" refString="Ruschel, T. P. & Campos, L. A. (2019) Phylogeny and biogeography of the leaf-winged cicadas (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 185, 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zyl 087" type="journal article" year="2019">Ruschel & Campos (2019)</bibRefCitation>
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. Leaf mimicry is common in insects being found in a number of diverse clades and dates back at least to the Permian (
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<bibRefCitation id="FB7E5AB10F376A1A82DABC8E7D8E3799" author="Garrouste, R. & Hugel, S. & Jacquelin, L. & Rostan, P. & Steyer, J. - S. & Desutter-Grandcolas, L. & Nel, A." box="[468,709,225,252]" pageId="17" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref13681" refString="Garrouste, R., Hugel, S., Jacquelin, L., Rostan, P., Steyer, J. - S., Desutter-Grandcolas, L. & Nel, A. (2016) Insect mimicry of plants dates back to the Permian. Nature Communications, 7, 13735, 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / ncomms 13735" type="journal article" year="2016">
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Garrouste
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<emphasis id="AD9BFB520F376A1A8145BC8D7D30379E" box="[587,635,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="150">et al</emphasis>
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. 2016
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</bibRefCitation>
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). The structure of the genitalia alone suggests that
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<taxonomicName id="58EF5CC30F376A1A87FDBC8D7A07379E" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1905" box="[1267,1356,226,251]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Hovana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="AD9BFB520F376A1A87FDBC8D7A07379E" box="[1267,1356,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="150">Hovana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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should be classified in a different tribe and subfamily from
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<taxonomicName id="58EF5CC30F376A1A81FBBD6A7C3D367A" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1835" box="[757,886,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Hemidictya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="AD9BFB520F376A1A81FBBD6A7C3D367A" box="[757,886,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="150">Hemidictya</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a view supported by the number of significant morphological differences outlined above.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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