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<document id="23DAB7422B596D9F44071DA9FB101629" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2016.246" ID-GBIF-Dataset="974cc5c4-de6b-4623-b8c7-66d8667aa00e" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="193045" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:966C5DFD-72A9-4567-9DB7-E4C56974DDFA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1481039213991" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mostafa R. Sharaf, Shehzad Salman, Hathal M. Al Dhafer, Shahid A. Akbar, Mahmoud S. Abdel-Dayem &amp; Abdulrahman S. Aldawood" docDate="2016" docId="03F0F7622C769753FD8055268BD0FCE8" docLanguage="en" docName="370-1886-1-SM.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 246" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Trichomyrmex abyssinicus Forel 1894" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FFC98F1A2C7E9758FFA851648F59FFC9" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Trichomyrmex Mayr, 1865 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Arabian Peninsula, with the description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698396128482" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="6BDCE478D7EE75BE7B3D9F9E77AAC7BB">Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Trichomyrmex Mayr, 1865 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Arabian Peninsula, with the description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EFCB339A6D3854AF1161A7BE186062D5">Mostafa R. Sharaf</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="794F795E19BA223803981F464B11D52F">Shehzad Salman</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="98B54C9B9BD49E4580C276A8F6B9D16F">Hathal M. Al Dhafer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FA7939C69A96FA8C970E089B402B6783">Shahid A. Akbar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F5836DA73F8DD1882BD67DF1B67829C4">Mahmoud S. Abdel-Dayem</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BE5BA1067D8BC67FE87A8265FC598B18">Abdulrahman S. Aldawood</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BF68C56184714E849C374A706E9AF613">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F61C6C808ED957270625027C42565235">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03F0F7622C769753FD8055268BD0FCE8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6060800" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124955326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6060800" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F0F7622C769753FD8055268BD0FCE8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F0F7622C769753FD8055268BD0FCE8" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<subSubSection id="C34315FF2C769750FD8055268B55FB94" box="[552,1036,1090,1117]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE646742C769750FD8055268B55FB94" blockId="8.[552,1036,1090,1152]" box="[552,1036,1090,1117]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="D0AEF1182C769750FD8055268B55FB94" box="[552,1036,1090,1117]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C769750FD8055268B55FB94" authority="Forel, 1894" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1894" box="[552,1036,1090,1117]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trichomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abyssinicus">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C769750FD8055268C36FB94" bold="true" box="[552,879,1090,1117]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Trichomyrmex abyssinicus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC83B852C769750FCD555268B5DFB94" author="Forel A." box="[893,1028,1090,1117]" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="64 - 100" part="9" refString="Forel A. 1894 a. Abessinische und andere afrikanische Ameisen, gesammelt von Herrn Ingenieur Alfred Ilg, von Herrn Dr. Liengme, von Herrn Pfarrer Missionar P. Berthoud, Herrn Dr. Arth. Muller etc. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 9: 64 - 100." title="Abessinische und andere afrikanische Ameisen, gesammelt von Herrn Ingenieur Alfred Ilg, von Herrn Dr. Liengme, von Herrn Pfarrer Missionar P. Berthoud, Herrn Dr. Arth. Muller etc" type="journal article" year="1894">Forel, 1894</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34315FF2C769750FD7555028C0FFB49" box="[733,854,1125,1152]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE646742C769750FD7555028C0FFB49" blockId="8.[552,1036,1090,1152]" box="[733,854,1125,1152]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<figureCitation id="13625AF12C769750FD7555028C47FB49" box="[733,798,1125,1152]" captionStart="Fig. 5" captionStartId="9.[189,231,1962,1988]" captionTargetBox="[407,1181,338,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[407,1181,338,1920]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 5. Trichomyrmex abyssinicus (Forel, 1894 a), lectotype, worker (CASENT 0249906). A. Body in profile. B. Body in dorsal view. C. Head in full-face view (photos: Shannon Hartman)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193050/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A–C
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34315FF2C769750FF1555C38A2DFA83" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE646742C769750FF1555C38A06FB2C" blockId="8.[189,1399,1190,1253]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C769750FF1555C38DF2FB08" authority="Forel, 1894a: 83" authorityName="Forel" authorityPageNumber="83" authorityYear="1894" box="[189,683,1191,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Holcomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abyssinicus">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C769750FF1555C38EB6FB08" box="[189,495,1191,1217]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Holcomyrmex abyssinicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC83B852C769750FE5C55C38DDFFB08" author="Forel A." box="[500,646,1191,1217]" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="64 - 100" part="9" refString="Forel A. 1894 a. Abessinische und andere afrikanische Ameisen, gesammelt von Herrn Ingenieur Alfred Ilg, von Herrn Dr. Liengme, von Herrn Pfarrer Missionar P. Berthoud, Herrn Dr. Arth. Muller etc. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 9: 64 - 100." title="Abessinische und andere afrikanische Ameisen, gesammelt von Herrn Ingenieur Alfred Ilg, von Herrn Dr. Liengme, von Herrn Pfarrer Missionar P. Berthoud, Herrn Dr. Arth. Muller etc" type="journal article" year="1894" yearSuffix="a">Forel, 1894a</bibRefCitation>
: 83
</taxonomicName>
(workers). Ethiopia: Afrotropic. Syntype workers [examined]. (Lectotype here designated: Erythrea, Ghinda, III.06 (Dr. Escherich) (MHNG) (CASENT0249906)).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE646742C769750FF1554698B52FAEF" blockId="8.[189,1396,1291,1354]" box="[189,1035,1291,1318]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C769750FF1554698EB4FAEF" box="[189,493,1292,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abyssinicus">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C769750FF1554698EB4FAEF" box="[189,493,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Monomorium abyssinicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– Forel 1910: 250. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFC83B852C769750FD5954688CEFFAEF" author="Viehmeyer H." box="[753,950,1292,1318]" journalOrPublisher="Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="83 - 94" part="98" refString="Viehmeyer H. 1923. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der mit Unterstutzung der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien aus der Erbschaft Treitl von F. Werner unternommenen zoologischen Expedition nach dem anglo-agyptischen Sudan (Kordofan) 1914. VII. Hymenoptera A. Formicidae. Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 98: 83 - 94." title="Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der mit Unterstutzung der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien aus der Erbschaft Treitl von F. Werner unternommenen zoologischen Expedition nach dem anglo-agyptischen Sudan (Kordofan) 1914. VII. Hymenoptera A. Formicidae" type="journal article" year="1923">Viehmeyer 1923</bibRefCitation>
: 91 (q).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE646742C769750FF15544B8A2DFA83" blockId="8.[189,1396,1291,1354]" box="[189,1396,1327,1354]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C769750FF15544B8EACFA80" box="[189,501,1327,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trichomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abyssinicus">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C769750FF15544B8EACFA80" box="[189,501,1327,1353]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Trichomyrmex abyssinicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<bibRefCitation id="EFC83B852C769750FDA5544B8CF2FA83" author="Ward P. S. &amp; Brady S. G. &amp; Fisher B. L. &amp; Schultz T. R." box="[525,939,1327,1354]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="61 - 81" part="40" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/syen.12090" refString="Ward P. S., Brady S. G., Fisher B. L. &amp; Schultz T. R. 2015. The evolution of myrmicine ants: Phylogeny and biogeography of a hyperdiverse ant clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 40: 61 - 81. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12090" title="The evolution of myrmicine ants: Phylogeny and biogeography of a hyperdiverse ant clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2015">Ward, Brady, Fisher &amp; Schultz 2015</bibRefCitation>
: 16. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFC83B852C769750FBA8544B8BD0FA80" author="Bolton B." box="[1024,1161,1327,1353]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="263 - 452" part="54" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.26850" refString="Bolton B. 1987. A review of the Solenopsis genus-group and revision of Afrotropical Monomorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology 54: 263 - 452. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 26850" title="A review of the Solenopsis genus-group and revision of Afrotropical Monomorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1987">Bolton 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 321 (redescription).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34315FF2C769750FF1554148A7DFA15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE646742C769750FF1554148EF2FA43" blockId="8.[189,427,1392,1418]" box="[189,427,1392,1418]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="D0AEF1182C769750FF1554148EF2FA43" bold="true" box="[189,427,1392,1418]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C769750FF1554148EF2FA43" bold="true" box="[189,427,1392,1418]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE646742C769750FF1554FB8A7DFA15" blockId="8.[189,1399,1438,1501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
SAUDI ARABIA: 11 w, Al Bahah Province, Shada Al A’la, 19.86˚ N, 41.30˚ E, alt. 1225 m, 15 Nov. 2015, Aldhafer
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C769750FEDA54A78EF7FA15" box="[370,430,1474,1500]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
leg.; 3 workers, same data, 29 Jul. 2015, Aldhafer
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C769750FBA854A78B62FA15" box="[1024,1083,1474,1500]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
leg. (all in KSMA).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34315FF2C769752FF1557678B9EF935" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE646742C769750FF1557678E16F9D4" blockId="8.[189,335,1539,1565]" box="[189,335,1539,1565]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="D0AEF1182C769750FF1557678E16F9D4" bold="true" box="[189,335,1539,1565]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C769750FF1557678E16F9D4" bold="true" box="[189,335,1539,1565]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE646742C769750FF1557568B5FF985" blockId="8.[189,1030,1586,1613]" box="[189,1030,1586,1613]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Workers of this species exhibit marked size variation in any nest series.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE646742C769750FF4257108EFDF947" blockId="8.[189,888,1652,1714]" box="[234,420,1652,1678]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="D0AEF1182C769750FF4257108EFDF947" bold="true" box="[234,420,1652,1678]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C769750FF4257108EFDF947" bold="true" box="[234,420,1652,1678]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Large workers</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE646742C769750FF1557F38C21F97B" blockId="8.[189,888,1652,1714]" box="[189,888,1686,1714]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
With a broad size variation
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C769750FDAB57F28D54F979" bold="true" box="[515,525,1686,1712]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">(</emphasis>
TL 2.60–6.70; HW 0.60–1.94).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE646742C769750FF1557BD8A2EF8DF" blockId="8.[189,1401,1752,1884]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="D0AEF1182C769750FF1557BD8A2EF8DF" allCaps="true" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="5">MEASUREMENTS. TL 3.55–5.35; HL 1.06–1.53; HW 1.05–1.56; SL 0.78–0.92; EL 0.14–0.20; ML 1.05– 1.56; PW 0.52–0.70; PTL 0.28–0.40; PTW 0.17–0.24; PPL 0.23–0.30; PPW 0.21–0.31; CI 98–105; EI</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE646742C769750FF15567B8C05F895" blockId="8.[189,1401,1752,1884]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
12–14; SI 59–74 (n = 6). Worker TL 2.60–6.70; HL 0.68–2.04; HW 0.60–1.94; SL 0.50–1.06; PW 0.38– 0.90; ML 0.72–1.74; CI 86–100; SI 55–110 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC83B852C769750FD1256268C09F895" author="Bolton B." box="[698,848,1858,1884]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="263 - 452" part="54" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.26850" refString="Bolton B. 1987. A review of the Solenopsis genus-group and revision of Afrotropical Monomorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology 54: 263 - 452. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 26850" title="A review of the Solenopsis genus-group and revision of Afrotropical Monomorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1987">Bolton 1987</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE646742C769750FF1556E08E21F82A" blockId="8.[189,1399,1923,2019]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">HEAD. In full-face view with emarginated posterior margin and nearly parallel sides; posterior corners strongly rounded; mandibles blunted; scapes when laid back from their insertions fail to reach posterior margin of head.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2616FC2C779751FF1556CE8BF6F821" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/193050/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[407,1181,338,1920]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BE646742C779751FF1556CE8BF6F821" blockId="9.[189,1398,1962,2024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C779751FF1556CE8E57F80D" bold="true" box="[189,270,1962,1988]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C779751FEB256CE8C5DF80D" authority="Forel, 1894a" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1894" box="[282,772,1962,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trichomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abyssinicus">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C779751FEB256CE8D0AF80D" box="[282,595,1962,1988]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Trichomyrmex abyssinicus</emphasis>
(Forel, 1894a)
</taxonomicName>
, lectotype, worker (CASENT0249906).
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C779751FB4556CE8A5BF80D" bold="true" box="[1261,1282,1962,1988]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A</emphasis>
. Body in profile.
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C779751FEBD56AA8E71F821" bold="true" box="[277,296,1998,2024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B</emphasis>
. Body in dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C779751FD8556A98D1BF82E" bold="true" box="[557,578,1997,2023]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C</emphasis>
. Head in full-face view (photos: Shannon Hartman).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE646742C749752FF1550688EC7FEA5" blockId="10.[189,1399,268,364]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MESOSOMA. Metanotal groove broad and distinctly impressed in profile; promesonotum strongly convex in profile; propodeal spiracle a vertical ellipse or slit; propodeal dorsum about twice as long as propodeal declivity in profile.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE646742C749752FF1550F08BC2FE18" blockId="10.[189,1398,404,465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PETIOLE. Petiolar peduncle with a distinct anteroventral process that consists of a triangular lamella followed by a broad flange; petiolar spiracle situated at midline of petiolar peduncle.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE646742C749752FF15509D8A4FFD90" blockId="10.[189,1398,504,601]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PILOSITY. Underside of head with short straight hairs not forming a distinct psammophore; cephalic pilosity sparse; mesosoma with abundant standing hairs, the longest on pronotum and mesonotum, propodeal pilosity shorter; petiole, postpetiole and gaster with abundant, sparse suberect hairs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE646742C749752FF1553E48E45FCEE" blockId="10.[189,1399,640,807]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">SCULPTURE. Cephalic surface smooth and shining except area in front of eyes, which is finely rugulose in profile; mandibles strongly longitudinally rugulose; promesonotal dorsum strongly longitudinally rugulose or with disorganized rugulae, to smooth; propodeal dorsum distinctly transversely rugulose; mesosomal sides strongly rugulose; petiole and postpetiole irregularly rugulose, gaster smooth and shining.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE646742C749752FF15522A8A38FC42" blockId="10.[189,1399,846,908]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">COLOUR. Head, mesosoma, petiole and postpetiole reddish brown or dark brown, gaster darker than head and mesosoma, blackish brown or black; head with a dark median longitudinal line in full-face view.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE646742C749752FF4252D78EF9FC04" blockId="10.[189,1401,947,1079]" box="[234,416,947,973]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0AEF1182C749752FF4252D78EF9FC04" bold="true" box="[234,416,947,973]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C749752FF4252D78EF9FC04" bold="true" box="[234,416,947,973]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Small workers</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE646742C749752FF1552B38A2EFBDD" blockId="10.[189,1401,947,1079]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0AEF1182C749752FF1552B38A2EFBDD" allCaps="true" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="5">MEASUREMENTS. TL 2.43–3.37; HL 0.65–0.89; HW 0.60–0.88; SL 0.57–0.70; EL 0.14–0.16; ML 0.70– 0.99; PW 0.33–0.45; PTL 0.21–0.28; PTW 0.11–0.14; PPL 0.14–0.21; PPW 0.16–0.18; CI 90–98; EI</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE646742C749752FF1555798C71FBFE" blockId="10.[189,1401,947,1079]" box="[189,808,1052,1079]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">18–24; SI 80–95 (n = 8). With a broad size variation.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE646742C749752FF15553B8A70FACC" blockId="10.[189,1399,1118,1285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">HEAD. In full-face view with emarginated posterior margin and sides diverging anteriorly; anterior clypeal margin distinctly concave medially between two well developed teeth that are situated anteriorly in front of the antennal insertions; mandibles armed with three teeth; eyes small, situated in front of midline of head sides (EL 0.14-0.24 × HW), with eight ommatidia in longest row; antennal scapes distinctly short, when laid back from their insertions they fail to reach posterior margin of head.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE646742C749752FF1554498CDFFAA0" blockId="10.[189,1399,1324,1386]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MESOSOMA. Promesonotum nearly flat in profile; propodeal spiracle a vertical ellipse or slit; propodeal dorsum about twice as long as propodeal declivity in profile.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE646742C749752FF1554F58BC2FA07" blockId="10.[189,1398,1425,1487]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PETIOLE. Petiolar peduncle with a distinct anteroventral process that consists of a triangular lamella followed by a broad flange; petiolar spiracle situated at midline of petiolar peduncle.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE646742C749752FF1554928C7CF9FA" blockId="10.[189,1398,1525,1587]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PILOSITY. Subcephalic pilosity short and sparse; cephalic pilosity sparse, short, decumbent to appressed pubescence, and directed inward to midline of head.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE646742C749752FF15573E8BC4F973" blockId="10.[189,1398,1626,1723]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">SCULPTURE. Cephalic surface smooth and shining except for area in front of eyes, which is finely rugulose in profile; mandibles strongly longitudinally rugulose; propodeal dorsum weakly, irregularly, transversely rugulose; mesosomal sides faintly rugulose; gaster smooth and shining.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE646742C749752FF1557868B9EF935" blockId="10.[189,1223,1762,1789]" box="[189,1223,1762,1789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">COLOUR. Lighter than large workers, pale brown or yellowish brown, gaster dark brown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34315FF2C749752FF1556478D8BF81F" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE646742C749752FF1556478E95F8F4" blockId="10.[189,460,1827,1853]" box="[189,460,1827,1853]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0AEF1182C749752FF1556478E95F8F4" bold="true" box="[189,460,1827,1853]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C749752FF1556478E95F8F4" bold="true" box="[189,460,1827,1853]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE646742C749752FF1556368D8BF81F" blockId="10.[189,1398,1874,2006]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C749752FF1556368EAEF8A5" box="[189,503,1874,1900]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trichomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abyssinicus">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C749752FF1556368EAEF8A5" box="[189,503,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Trichomyrmex abyssinicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from other Arabian species except
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C749752FB3E56378A7EF8A5" box="[1174,1319,1874,1900]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trichomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexus">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C749752FB3E56378A7EF8A5" box="[1174,1319,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. perplexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the vertical ellipse or slit propodeal spiracle. This species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C749752FC4C56128B2EF846" box="[996,1143,1909,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trichomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexus">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C749752FC4C56128B2EF846" box="[996,1143,1909,1935]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. perplexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but can be separated from it by the convex promesonotum outline, the distinctly longer propodeal dorsum, and the irregularly rugulose propodeum, petiole and postpetiole.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34315FF2C759753FF1550698BFAFE08" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BE646742C759753FF1550698D67FEE1" blockId="11.[189,574,269,296]" box="[189,574,269,296]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="D0AEF1182C759753FF1550698D67FEE1" bold="true" box="[189,574,269,296]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C759753FF1550698D67FEE1" bold="true" box="[189,574,269,296]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ecological and biological notes</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE646742C759753FF1550588BFAFE08" blockId="11.[189,1399,316,449]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Shada Al A’la Mountain peak is an extension of the Hijaz Mountains to the west and is a natural protectorate in Al Bahah Province. The region has a substantial plant biodiversity and the most abundant plants are
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C759753FE9550E78CA8FE54" authority="(Mill.) P. Green." authorityName="(Mill.) P. Green." box="[317,1009,386,413]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Olea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="europaea" subSpecies="africana">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C759753FE9550E78EA9FE55" box="[317,496,387,413]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Olea europaea</emphasis>
ssp.
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C759753FD9A50E78DCEFE54" box="[562,663,387,413]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">africana</emphasis>
(Mill.) P. Green. (Oleaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C759753FBA850E78BEDFE54" box="[1024,1204,387,413]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arabica">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C759753FBA850E78BEDFE54" box="[1024,1204,387,413]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Coffea arabica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C759753FB4350E68A33FE54" box="[1259,1386,386,413]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C759753FF1550C38C09FE09" authority="Hochst. ex Endlicher" authorityName="Hochst. ex Endlicher" box="[189,848,422,448]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="procera">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C759753FF1550C38ECEFE09" box="[189,407,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Juniperus procera</emphasis>
Hochst. ex Endlicher (Cupressaceae)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C759753FC2550C28C87FE09" box="[909,990,422,448]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C759753FC2550C28C87FE09" box="[909,990,422,448]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Acacia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. (
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C759753FB8D50C28BCEFE08" box="[1061,1175,422,449]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34315FF2C759753FF1550838BD0FCE8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE646742C759753FF1550838E0EFDC8" blockId="11.[189,343,487,513]" box="[189,343,487,513]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="D0AEF1182C759753FF1550838E0EFDC8" bold="true" box="[189,343,487,513]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C759753FF1550838E0EFDC8" bold="true" box="[189,343,487,513]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE646742C759753FF1553728EB7FD50" blockId="11.[189,1398,534,665]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
This species was originally described from Ethiopia and has a broad distribution in the Afrotropical region, especially the Sahelian Zone. It has been recorded from Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC83B852C759753FE0B53388D18FDBF" author="Bolton B." box="[419,577,604,630]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="263 - 452" part="54" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.26850" refString="Bolton B. 1987. A review of the Solenopsis genus-group and revision of Afrotropical Monomorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology 54: 263 - 452. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 26850" title="A review of the Solenopsis genus-group and revision of Afrotropical Monomorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1987">Bolton 1987</bibRefCitation>
), Egypt (Gebel Elba) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC83B852C759753FCC253388B5EFDBE" author="Sharaf M. R." box="[874,1031,604,631]" journalOrPublisher="Ain Shams University, Faculty of Science, Entomology Department, Cairo [unpublished thesis]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Sharaf M. R. 2006. Taxonomic and Ecological Studies on Family Formicidae (Order: Hymenoptera) in Egypt including some Protectorates with a Study of some Insect Fauna associated with Ant Species. Ain Shams University, Faculty of Science, Entomology Department, Cairo [unpublished thesis]." title="Taxonomic and Ecological Studies on Family Formicidae (Order: Hymenoptera) in Egypt including some Protectorates with a Study of some Insect Fauna associated with Ant Species" type="book" year="2006">Sharaf 2006</bibRefCitation>
), and United Arab Emirates (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC83B852C759753FF6D531B8EBBFD50" author="Collingwood C. A. &amp; Agosti D. &amp; Sharaf M. R. &amp; Harten A." box="[197,482,639,665]" journalOrPublisher="Arthropod Fauna of the United Arab Emirates" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="405 - 474" part="4" refString="Collingwood C. A., Agosti D., Sharaf M. R. &amp; Harten A. 2011. Order Hymenoptera, Family Formicidae. Arthropod Fauna of the United Arab Emirates 4: 405 - 474." title="Order Hymenoptera, Family Formicidae" type="journal article" year="2011">
Collingwood
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C759753FECE53E48EF8FD50" box="[358,417,639,665]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE646742C759753FF1553A58BD0FCE8" blockId="11.[189,1398,705,802]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
The distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C759753FE0653A68D01FD12" box="[430,600,705,731]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trichomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abyssinicus">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C759753FE0653A68D01FD12" box="[430,600,705,731]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T. abyssinicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be restricted to the southwestern mountains of Saudi Arabia, since several years of collecting efforts by the senior author did not retrieve material from any region in the country except the present record, the first record from Saudi Arabia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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