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<document id="3C2A33FA69F70AB3CEB7CCA4F991A8F6" ID-CLB-Dataset="26109" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4651.1.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2d6af44e-8441-4523-a504-205617b13f43" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3359134" ID-ZooBank="3C4B2F10-DD27-44FD-AB41-CA41FC8ECEE6" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1564770553903" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hashemi, Kobra &amp; Karegar, Akbar" docDate="2019" docId="FA4487DDFFA0A401FF540C8AFEECF95A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4651.1.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4651 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ditylenchus medicaginis Wasilewska 1965" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="94" masterDocId="067DFFA5FFA9A408FFC30C13FF81FFE5" masterDocTitle="Description of Ditylenchus paraparvus n. sp. from Iran with an updated list of Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (Nematoda: Anguinidae)" masterLastPageNumber="113" masterPageNumber="85" pageNumber="94" updateTime="1698748606638" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="C749AF82288229DB20A49814DE8A8F6C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="E45450322B25E790E96F40A9E398D4C0">Description of Ditylenchus paraparvus n. sp. from Iran with an updated list of Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (Nematoda: Anguinidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8E1D617C9D3F273D936731943E725FA4">Hashemi, Kobra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8F7AE89371DB77C1907A91F0FCBEE1C1">Karegar, Akbar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D494F5F8873660CB37FE097D302800E3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="181872B895029D01E60AF7E954A21CC4">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DA2B7CF794BCC8A7487897D09B433DF6">2019-08-02</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="405FE69E1D4FDCEC5D610B4E37B14694" type="volume">
<mods:number id="96A9B2CAF85C5BD0055E17CFC4EF1959">4651</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="127820770C712A5C80181C46FF902B48">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="BEFED0CBF95C84CEFA30BEF4388AEBCC">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="823B81A751EF10FA80DBDF79790CA365" type="CLB-Dataset">26109</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C9D1B5D6BDED0C2AEDEC5B6E9AAFE754" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4651.1.6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BF6CBA855AF182E4D1B1BA9AA3B17B5F" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C9EB3A01C92AEAB59586C08C29A4906E" type="Zenodo-Dep">3359134</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="FA4487DDFFA0A401FF540C8AFEECF95A" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159398831" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FA4487DDFFA0A401FF540C8AFEECF95A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA4487DDFFA0A401FF540C8AFEECF95A" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">
<subSubSection id="3AF76540FFA0A401FF540C8AFD40FF56" box="[151,705,153,180]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="725236CBFFA0A401FF540C8AFD40FF56" blockId="9.[151,705,153,180]" box="[151,705,153,180]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">
<heading id="291A81A7FFA0A401FF540C8AFD40FF56" bold="true" box="[151,705,153,180]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" reason="1">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FF540C8AFD40FF56" bold="true" box="[151,705,153,180]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">
6.
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FF760C8AFD40FF56" authority="Wasilewska, 1965" authorityName="Wasilewska" authorityYear="1965" box="[181,705,153,180]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="medicaginis">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FF760C8AFE5FFF51" bold="true" box="[181,478,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Ditylenchus medicaginis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="167C4B3AFFA0A401FE260C8AFD40FF56" author="Wasilewska, L." box="[485,705,153,179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" pagination="167 - 170" refId="ref29990" refString="Wasilewska, L. (1965) Ditylenchus medicaginis n. sp., a new parasitic nematode from Poland (Nematoda, Tylenchidae). Bulletin de l'Academie polonaise des Sciences. Classe II. Serie des Sciences Biologiques, 13, 167 - 170." type="journal article" year="1965">Wasilewska, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3AF76540FFA0A401FF540CF2FAF0FE69" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" type="description">
<paragraph id="725236CBFFA0A401FF540CF2FB4CFEA6" blockId="9.[151,1437,225,1727]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">
<specimenCount id="64EBFD42FFA0A401FF540CF2FEA5FF1E" box="[151,292,225,252]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" type="female">153 females</specimenCount>
: L = 785 (476–1228) µm; stylet = 7.4 (6.5–8.5) µm; pharynx = 123 (96–183) µm; tail = 76.9 (44–112) µm;
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FF080D15FF58FEFA" box="[203,217,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">a</emphasis>
= 42.3 (29.3–58.4);
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FE7E0D16FE4AFEFA" box="[445,459,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">b</emphasis>
= 6.4 (4.6–8.9);
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FD460D15FD10FEFA" box="[645,657,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">c</emphasis>
= 10.3 (7.8–16.2);
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FCAB0D16FCFAFEC5" box="[872,891,261,288]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">c′</emphasis>
= 6.4 (3.7–10.5);
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FB800D15FBD5FEFA" box="[1091,1108,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">V</emphasis>
= 79.7 (71.3–84.9);
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FAFB0D16FACEFEC5" box="[1336,1359,261,288]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">V′</emphasis>
= 88.4 (79.5–91.7); PUS/VBW = 1.5 (0.8–3.3); PUS/V-A = 32.4 (15.3–59.2) %; V-A/T = 1.1 (0.7–1.9).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="725236CBFFA0A401FF040D5EFAF0FE69" blockId="9.[151,1437,225,1727]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">
<specimenCount id="64EBFD42FFA0A401FF040D5EFEB0FE82" box="[199,305,333,359]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" type="male">44 males</specimenCount>
: L = 708 (501–954) µm; stylet = 7.4 (7–8.5) µm; pharynx = 120 (93–166) µm; tail = 75.4 (47–104) µm;
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FF0F0D61FF5BFE6E" box="[204,218,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">a</emphasis>
= 44.4 (28.8–62.9);
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FE020D62FE4EFE6E" box="[449,463,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">b</emphasis>
= 5.9 (4.5–8.5);
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FD4F0D61FD19FE6E" box="[652,664,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">c</emphasis>
= 9.6 (7.3–13.1);
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FCA70D62FCF6FE69" box="[868,887,369,396]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">c′</emphasis>
= 6.0 (4.3–8.5); spicules = 17.6 (15–22) µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3AF76540FFA0A401FF040D86FEECF95A" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="725236CBFFA0A401FF040D86FB11FDFE" blockId="9.[151,1437,225,1727]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FF040D86FEBBFE55" bold="true" box="[199,314,405,432]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FE8F0D85FE79FE4A" authorityName="Wasilewska" authorityYear="1965" box="[332,504,405,431]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="medicaginis">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FE8F0D85FE79FE4A" box="[332,504,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. medicaginis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished by six lateral field incisures, delicate, short stylet with rounded knobs, pyriform basal pharyngeal bulb (in one specimen elongate), usually offset and sometimes with a slight overlap (up to about
<quantity id="B5159B2EFFA0A401FE8C0DCEFE0CFE1D" box="[335,397,477,504]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 µm</quantity>
), variable position of vulva and length of post-vulval uterine sac, rather thin tail with usually pointed to dull and sometimes rounded or seldom mucronate, terminus, and spicule length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="725236CBFFA0A401FF040E36FEFDFB9A" blockId="9.[151,1437,225,1727]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">
The Iranian populations of
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FDC70E35FD31FDDA" authorityName="Wasilewska" authorityYear="1965" box="[516,688,549,575]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="medicaginis">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FDC70E35FD31FDDA" box="[516,688,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. medicaginis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are close to 11 species, including
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FB870E35FAF3FDDA" authority="Brzeski, 1991" authorityName="Brzeski" authorityYear="1991" box="[1092,1394,549,575]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="acutatus">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FB870E35FB49FDDA" box="[1092,1224,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. acutatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="167C4B3AFFA0A401FB110E36FAF3FDDA" author="Brzeski, M. W." box="[1234,1394,549,575]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" pagination="9 - 59" refId="ref25345" refString="Brzeski, M. W. (1991) Review of the genus Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (Nematoda: Anguinidae). Revue de Nematologie, 14, 9 - 59." type="journal article" year="1991">Brzeski, 1991</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FA420E35FED3FD86" authorityName="Fortuner" authorityYear="1982" baseAuthorityName="Tarjan" baseAuthorityYear="1958" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="anchilisposomus">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FA420E35FED3FD86" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. anchilisposomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FEA00E59FE3FFD86" authorityName="Brzeski" authorityYear="1991" box="[355,446,586,611]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="apus">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FEA00E59FE3FFD86" box="[355,446,586,611]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. apus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FE130E59FDCEFD86" authorityName="Brzeski &amp; Marinari" authorityYear="1991" box="[464,591,585,611]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dauniae">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FE130E59FDCEFD86" box="[464,591,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. dauniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FDA20E59FCE0FD86" authority="Zell, 1988" authorityName="Zell" authorityYear="1988" box="[609,865,585,611]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FDA20E59FD5CFD86" box="[609,733,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. elegans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="167C4B3AFFA0A401FD240E5AFCE0FD86" author="Zell, H." box="[743,865,585,611]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" pagination="99 - 114" refId="ref30170" refString="Zell, H. (1988) Nematodes eines Buchenwaldbodens 11. Die Anguiniden (Nematoda, Anguinoidea). Carolinea, 46, 99 - 114." type="journal article" year="1988">Zell, 1988</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FCAC0E59FC6EFD86" authorityName="Bello &amp; Geraert" authorityYear="1972" baseAuthorityName="Paramonov" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[879,1007,586,611]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="geraerti">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FCAC0E59FC6EFD86" box="[879,1007,586,611]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. geraerti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FBC20E59FB4FFD86" authorityName="Goodey" authorityYear="1958" box="[1025,1230,585,611]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="myceliophagus">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FBC20E59FB4FFD86" box="[1025,1230,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. myceliophagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FB230E59FAF1FD86" authorityName="Brzeski" authorityYear="1991" box="[1248,1392,585,611]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="silvaticus">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FB230E59FAF1FD86" box="[1248,1392,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. silvaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FA420E59FE83FD62" authorityName="Gritzenko" authorityYear="1971" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tenuidens">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FA420E59FE83FD62" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. tenuidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FED10E7DFE18FD6D" authorityName="Hirschmann &amp; Sasser" authorityYear="1955" box="[274,409,622,648]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="triformis">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FED10E7DFE18FD6D" box="[274,409,622,648]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. triformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FE100E7DFDCAFD62" authorityName="Thorne &amp; Malek" authorityYear="1968" box="[467,587,621,647]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="valveus">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FE100E7DFDCAFD62" box="[467,587,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. valveus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FD980E7DFC87FD62" authorityName="Wasilewska" authorityYear="1965" box="[603,774,621,647]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="medicaginis">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FD980E7DFC87FD62" box="[603,774,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. medicaginis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FC630E7DFBA2FD62" authorityName="Brzeski" authorityYear="1991" box="[928,1059,622,647]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="acutatus">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FC630E7DFBA2FD62" box="[928,1059,622,647]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. acutatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a lower PUS/VBW ratio (1.5 (0.8–3.3)
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FEC60E81FEA5FD4E" box="[261,292,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">vs.</emphasis>
3.5 (2.8–4.1)), different tail shape (narrow with pointed to rounded tip
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FB880E81FBE8FD4E" box="[1099,1129,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">vs.</emphasis>
thick with pointed tip) and lower V-A/T ratio (0.7–1.9
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FE0C0EA5FE6CFD2A" box="[463,493,694,719]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">vs.</emphasis>
2.0–2.5), from
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FD630EA5FCFFFD2A" authorityName="Fortuner" authorityYear="1982" baseAuthorityName="Tarjan" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[672,894,693,719]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="anchilisposomus">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FD630EA5FCFFFD2A" box="[672,894,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. anchilisposomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its usually pyriform, offset basal pharyngeal bulb (
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FF1E0EC9FF7DFD16" box="[221,252,730,755]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">vs.</emphasis>
developed basal pharyngeal bulb with long lobe overlapping intestine) and different shape of tail tip (usually pointed
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FE960EEDFEF2FCF2" box="[341,371,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">vs.</emphasis>
usually rounded), from
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FD460EEDFD5CFCF2" authorityName="Brzeski" authorityYear="1991" box="[645,733,766,791]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="apus">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FD460EEDFD5CFCF2" box="[645,733,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. apus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by greater PUS/VBW ratio (0.8–3.3
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FB420EEDFB21FCF2" box="[1153,1184,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">vs.</emphasis>
0.2–0.4) and different shape of basal pharyngeal bulb (pyriform and offset
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FD1F0F31FD7AFCDE" box="[732,763,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">vs.</emphasis>
elongate and with long overlap), from
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FB6F0F31FAA6FCDE" authorityName="Brzeski &amp; Marinari" authorityYear="1991" box="[1196,1319,801,827]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dauniae">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FB6F0F31FAA6FCDE" box="[1196,1319,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. dauniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having annulated head (
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FE910F55FEF0FCBA" box="[338,369,838,863]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">vs.</emphasis>
smooth), relatively lower
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FD5E0F55FD2FFCBA" box="[669,686,838,863]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">V</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FD240F56FD7BFC85" box="[743,762,837,864]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">c′</emphasis>
indices (71.3–84.9 and 3.7–10.5
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FBB60F55FB12FCBA" box="[1141,1171,838,863]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">vs.</emphasis>
83–85 and 3.2–4.1, respectively) and different tail shape (long and narrow
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FD270F79FC83FC66" box="[740,770,874,899]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">vs.</emphasis>
short and thick). It can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FAC00F79FAFBFC66" authorityName="Zell" authorityYear="1988" box="[1283,1402,873,899]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FAC00F79FAFBFC66" box="[1283,1402,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by relatively shorter body and tail lengths (476–
<date id="0653100BFFA0A401FD4C0F9EFC96FC42" box="[655,791,909,935]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" value="1228" valueMax="1244">1228 and 44</date>
–112
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FC960F9DFCF5FC42" box="[853,884,910,935]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">vs.</emphasis>
1030–1370 and 111–149 μm, respectively), from
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FF540FA1FE95FC2E" authorityName="Bello &amp; Geraert" authorityYear="1972" baseAuthorityName="Paramonov" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[151,276,946,971]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="geraerti">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FF540FA1FE95FC2E" box="[151,276,946,971]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. geraerti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by different tail shape (narrow and relatively long
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FC900FA1FCF0FC2E" box="[851,881,946,971]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">vs.</emphasis>
short and thick), from
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FBB60FA1FAC1FC2E" authorityName="Goodey" authorityYear="1958" box="[1141,1344,945,971]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="myceliophagus">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FBB60FA1FAC1FC2E" box="[1141,1344,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. myceliophagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having different development of the cephalic skeleton (medium
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FCF80FC5FCD8FC0A" box="[827,857,982,1007]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">vs.</emphasis>
crescentic and refractive) and by tail shape (narrow with pointed to rounded tip
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FE160FE9FE75FBF6" box="[469,500,1018,1043]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">vs.</emphasis>
usually thick with rounded tip), from
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FC6B0FE9FBB7FBF6" authorityName="Brzeski" authorityYear="1991" box="[936,1078,1017,1043]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="silvaticus">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FC6B0FE9FBB7FBF6" box="[936,1078,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. silvaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by different tail shape (narrow, often with pointed to rounded tip
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FDD7080DFDB3FBD2" box="[532,562,1054,1079]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">vs.</emphasis>
thick with pointed or rounded with mucron), from
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FBB5080DFA85FBD2" authorityName="Gritzenko" authorityYear="1971" box="[1142,1284,1053,1079]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tenuidens">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FBB5080DFA85FBD2" box="[1142,1284,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. tenuidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by annulated head (
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FF1F0851FF7BFBBE" box="[220,250,1090,1115]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">vs.</emphasis>
smooth), and from
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FE150851FDDBFBB9" authorityName="Hirschmann &amp; Sasser" authorityYear="1955" box="[470,602,1090,1116]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="triformis">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FE150851FDDBFBB9" box="[470,602,1090,1116]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. triformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by longer spicules (15–22
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FC4B0851FC27FBBE" box="[904,934,1090,1115]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">vs.</emphasis>
13–15 μm) and six lateral field incisures (
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FABD0851FA1DFBBE" box="[1406,1436,1090,1115]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">vs.</emphasis>
four) in anus region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="725236CBFFA0A401FF04089AFEECF95A" blockId="9.[151,1437,225,1727]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">
The closest species to
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FE0A0899FDF5FB46" authorityName="Wasilewska" authorityYear="1965" box="[457,628,1161,1187]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="medicaginis">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FE0A0899FDF5FB46" box="[457,628,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. medicaginis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FD5B0899FC91FB46" authorityName="Thorne &amp; Malek" authorityYear="1968" box="[664,784,1161,1187]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="valveus">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FD5B0899FC91FB46" box="[664,784,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. valveus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="167C4B3AFFA0A401FCE3089AFC48FB46" author="Brzeski, M. W." box="[800,969,1161,1187]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" pagination="9 - 59" refId="ref25345" refString="Brzeski, M. W. (1991) Review of the genus Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (Nematoda: Anguinidae). Revue de Nematologie, 14, 9 - 59." type="journal article" year="1991">Brzeski (1991)</bibRefCitation>
stated that the main differences between these species are in the tail shape and relatively posterior vulva position in
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FC1508BDFBCAFB22" authorityName="Thorne &amp; Malek" authorityYear="1968" box="[982,1099,1197,1223]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="valveus">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FC1508BDFBCAFB22" box="[982,1099,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. valveus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The general tail shapes in the drawings of
<bibRefCitation id="167C4B3AFFA0A401FEE608C2FE4CFB0E" author="Brzeski, M. W." box="[293,461,1233,1259]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" pagination="9 - 59" refId="ref25345" refString="Brzeski, M. W. (1991) Review of the genus Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (Nematoda: Anguinidae). Revue de Nematologie, 14, 9 - 59." type="journal article" year="1991">Brzeski (1991)</bibRefCitation>
do not differ. In addition, the tail tip of
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FC5708C1FBBFFB0E" authorityName="Wasilewska" authorityYear="1965" box="[916,1086,1233,1259]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="medicaginis">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FC5708C1FBBFFB0E" box="[916,1086,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. medicaginis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is often pointed or dull, sometimes rounded, and rarely mucronate, while that of
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FD1208E5FCC7FAEA" authorityName="Thorne &amp; Malek" authorityYear="1968" box="[721,838,1269,1295]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="valveus">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FD1208E5FCC7FAEA" box="[721,838,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. valveus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is usually rounded to dull, and only rarely pointed. In most populations of
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FEB90909FDA2FAD6" authorityName="Wasilewska" authorityYear="1965" box="[378,547,1305,1331]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="medicaginis">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FEB90909FDA2FAD6" box="[378,547,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. medicaginis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the present study, we observed that the shape of tail tip is diverse even within a population. On the other hand, the
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FD83092DFDD0FAB2" box="[576,593,1342,1367]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">V</emphasis>
index of both species overlap (
<quantity id="B5159B2EFFA0A401FC7F092EFBA2FAB2" box="[956,1059,1341,1367]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9812" metricValueMax="2.1336" metricValueMin="1.8288" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" unit="in" value="78.0" valueMax="84.0" valueMin="72.0">72–84 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FBEF092DFB59FAB2" authorityName="Wasilewska" authorityYear="1965" box="[1068,1240,1341,1367]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="medicaginis">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FBEF092DFB59FAB2" box="[1068,1240,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. medicaginis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<quantity id="B5159B2EFFA0A401FAD0092EFAF9FAB2" box="[1299,1400,1341,1368]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9939" metricValueMax="2.0827999999999998" metricValueMin="1.905" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" unit="in" value="78.5" valueMax="82.0" valueMin="75.0">75–82 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FA42092DFF6AFA9E" authorityName="Thorne &amp; Malek" authorityYear="1968" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="valveus">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FA42092DFF6AFA9E" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. valveus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="167C4B3AFFA0A401FEC00972FE1CFA9E" author="Brzeski, M. W." box="[259,413,1377,1403]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" refId="ref25378" refString="Brzeski, M. W. (1998) Nematodes of Tylenchina in Poland and temperate Europe. Muzeum i Instytutu Zoologii, Polska Akademia Nauk (MiIZ PAN), Warszawa, 396 pp." type="book" year="1998">Brzeski 1998</bibRefCitation>
). In the description and drawings presented by
<bibRefCitation id="167C4B3AFFA0A401FC6E0972FBD6FA9E" author="Brzeski, M. W." box="[941,1111,1377,1403]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" refId="ref25378" refString="Brzeski, M. W. (1998) Nematodes of Tylenchina in Poland and temperate Europe. Muzeum i Instytutu Zoologii, Polska Akademia Nauk (MiIZ PAN), Warszawa, 396 pp." type="book" year="1998">Brzeski (1998)</bibRefCitation>
, the S-E pore is in the region of the posterior half of isthmus to the junction of isthmus and basal pharyngeal bulb in
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FB9D0995FA86FA7A" authorityName="Wasilewska" authorityYear="1965" box="[1118,1287,1413,1439]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="medicaginis">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FB9D0995FA86FA7A" box="[1118,1287,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. medicaginis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and near the junction of isthmus and basal pharyngeal bulb in
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FD0409B9FCBEFA26" authorityName="Thorne &amp; Malek" authorityYear="1968" box="[711,831,1449,1475]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="valveus">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FD0409B9FCBEFA26" box="[711,831,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. valveus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="167C4B3AFFA0A401FC8E09BAFC6FFA26" author="Brzeski, M. W." box="[845,1006,1449,1475]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" pagination="9 - 59" refId="ref25345" refString="Brzeski, M. W. (1991) Review of the genus Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (Nematoda: Anguinidae). Revue de Nematologie, 14, 9 - 59." type="journal article" year="1991">Brzeski (1991</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="167C4B3AFFA0A401FC3809BAFBB5FA26" author="Brzeski, M. W." box="[1019,1076,1449,1475]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" refId="ref25378" refString="Brzeski, M. W. (1998) Nematodes of Tylenchina in Poland and temperate Europe. Muzeum i Instytutu Zoologii, Polska Akademia Nauk (MiIZ PAN), Warszawa, 396 pp." type="book" year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
) described
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FB7B09B9FAE3FA26" authorityName="Wasilewska" authorityYear="1965" box="[1208,1378,1449,1475]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="medicaginis">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FB7B09B9FAE3FA26" box="[1208,1378,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. medicaginis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with offset basal pharyngeal bulb and
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FDCD09DDFD07FA02" authorityName="Thorne &amp; Malek" authorityYear="1968" box="[526,646,1485,1511]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="valveus">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FDCD09DDFD07FA02" box="[526,646,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. valveus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with either an offset basal pharyngeal bulb or partial overlap (up to
<quantity id="B5159B2EFFA0A401FA4D09DEFF40F9E9" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 µm</quantity>
). In the present study we observed that in many populations of different
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FC3B09E2FBFFF9EE" authorityName="Hashemi &amp; Karegar" authorityYear="2019" box="[1016,1150,1521,1547]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FC3B09E2FBFFF9EE" box="[1016,1150,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Ditylenchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, a partial overlap of the basal pharyngeal bulb occurs in species with a usually offset basal pharyngeal bulb (such as
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FB380A05FA14F9CA" authorityName="Fortuner &amp; Maggenti" authorityYear="1987" baseAuthorityName="Kazachenko" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[1275,1429,1557,1583]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ferepolitor">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FB380A05FA14F9CA" box="[1275,1429,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. ferepolitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FF540A29FE86F9B6" authorityName="Zell" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,263,1594,1619]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parvus">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FF540A29FE86F9B6" box="[151,263,1594,1619]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. parvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FE830A29FE34F9B6" authorityName="Heyns" authorityYear="1964" box="[320,437,1593,1619]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="equalis">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FE830A29FE34F9B6" box="[320,437,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. equalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Therefore, this character cannot separate these two species. Also we observed that the position of S-E pore is variable even in a single population. Therefore, it seems that
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FB820A4DFB68F992" authorityName="Wasilewska" authorityYear="1965" box="[1089,1257,1629,1655]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="medicaginis">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FB820A4DFB68F992" box="[1089,1257,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. medicaginis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B5ED4D48FFA0A401FADC0A4DFA14F992" authorityName="Thorne &amp; Malek" authorityYear="1968" box="[1311,1429,1629,1655]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="valveus">
<emphasis id="4099EAD9FFA0A401FADC0A4DFA14F992" box="[1311,1429,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">D. valveus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, cannot be reliably separated from each other based solely on morphological and morphometric characters and require further study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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