362 lines
44 KiB
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362 lines
44 KiB
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<document id="64605C698B208C1888EC3C36654E0BD1" ID-CLB-Dataset="20060" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.541.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="043aaccd-6ce1-43e4-ac21-9154f1710125" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6392620" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1648536089805" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Landge, Shahid Nawaz & Shinde, Rajendra D." docDate="2022" docId="D95E650D5F6BA909FF75D1FA2A4BF8E0" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.541.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 541 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.541.3.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Parahyparrhenia A. Camus 1950" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="249" masterDocId="25671D755F6AA90BFFFDD52E295BFF8A" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the genus Parahyparrhenia (Poaceae: Andropogoneae) in India and review of African and Thai species" masterLastPageNumber="260" masterPageNumber="247" pageNumber="248" updateTime="1699318671212" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="CC620D4A725EDB559E2277E0C0515734">
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<mods:title id="1399D18EB15F73A06DD043177E26362C">A taxonomic revision of the genus Parahyparrhenia (Poaceae: Andropogoneae) in India and review of African and Thai species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="E51AA3ECF0B5413EA2B18E440BE36948">Landge, Shahid Nawaz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7C1861833B364335A5720365002E32F1">The Blatter Herbarium (BLAT), St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous) Mumbai 400001.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="81B385627F079E22F79820908390BE6F">Shinde, Rajendra D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="75C4106F9E992410EA9B10815A653375">St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous) Mumbai 400001.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D9B6038EE00B2785C5E86075F9AADEAD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4B7B63A28EC69FDC145B9A437F114D5C">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="61F2A6CA77C17681B5964FE8E3F1ACB9">
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<mods:date id="0F455AA5F7EF223EF94C1BB91FDB09B8">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0B4A0A552289C9675B8559CDD30CF44B">2022-03-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9383ED6FA0756E660C840213A12F7C3F">541</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="27D25DDB5F0A9DDBECDC4D034A55D161">3</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="77C695C22E3DD558E2A804A6A5C5E656">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.541.3.4</mods:url>
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<treatment id="D95E650D5F6BA909FF75D1FA2A4BF8E0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6392622" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194314550" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6392622" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D95E650D5F6BA909FF75D1FA2A4BF8E0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D95E650D5F6BA909FF75D1FA2A4BF8E0" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="249" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">
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<subSubSection id="19ED87905F6BA90AFF75D1FA2B03FB64" box="[136,600,1236,1263]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5148D41B5F6BA90AFF75D1FA2B03FB64" blockId="1.[136,600,1236,1263]" box="[136,600,1236,1263]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">
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<heading id="0A0063775F6BA90AFF75D1FA2B03FB64" box="[136,600,1236,1263]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" reason="3">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="71E7F3355F6BA90AFF75D1FA2B03FB64" box="[136,600,1236,1263]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">
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<treatmentCitation id="D056F20A5F6BA90AFF75D1FA2B0FFB64" author="Camus, A. A." box="[136,596,1236,1263]" page=")" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" year="1950">
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<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F6BA90AFF75D1FA2B0FFB64" ID-CoL="8W24V" authority="A. Camus (1950: 404)" authorityName="A. Camus" authorityPageNumber="404" authorityYear="1950" box="[136,596,1236,1263]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Parahyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="638308095F6BA90AFF75D1FA2814FB65" bold="true" box="[136,335,1236,1263]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Parahyparrhenia</emphasis>
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A.
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<bibRefCitation id="3566A9EA5F6BA90AFE85D1FA2B0FFB64" author="Camus, A. A." box="[376,596,1236,1263]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" pagination="404 - 405" refId="ref9203" refString="Camus, A. A. (1950) Parahyparrhenia, genre nouveau d'Andropogonees. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 22: 404 - 405." type="journal article" year="1950">Camus (1950: 404)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="19ED87905F6BA90AFF40D1D62AE4FA98" box="[189,959,1272,1299]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="5148D41B5F6BA90AFF40D1D62AE4FA98" blockId="1.[136,1452,1272,2091]" box="[189,959,1272,1299]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">
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<emphasis id="638308095F6BA90AFF40D1D6280AFA98" bold="true" box="[189,337,1272,1298]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">
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<typeStatus id="8E4C6AB95F6BA90AFF40D1D629A3FA98" box="[189,248,1272,1298]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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:—
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<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F6BA90AFE88D1D62AE0FA98" ID-CoL="4CX65" authority="A. Camus (1950: 404)" authorityName="A. Camus" authorityPageNumber="404" authorityYear="1950" box="[373,955,1272,1299]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Parahyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jaegeriana">
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<emphasis id="638308095F6BA90AFE88D1D62BECFA98" box="[373,695,1272,1298]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Parahyparrhenia jaegeriana</emphasis>
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A.
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<bibRefCitation id="3566A9EA5F6BA90AFD22D1D62AE0FA98" author="Camus, A. A." box="[735,955,1272,1299]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" pagination="404 - 405" refId="ref9203" refString="Camus, A. A. (1950) Parahyparrhenia, genre nouveau d'Andropogonees. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 22: 404 - 405." type="journal article" year="1950">Camus (1950: 404)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="19ED87905F6BA90AFF40D0322DA9FAD0" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="5148D41B5F6BA90AFF40D0322DA9FAD0" blockId="1.[136,1452,1272,2091]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">
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<emphasis id="638308095F6BA90AFF40D03229A3FABC" bold="true" box="[189,248,1308,1334]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Type</emphasis>
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:—
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<materialsCitation id="E19FDE465F6BA90AFEE4D0322DA9FAD0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744196301" collectingDate="1950-02-16" collectionCode="K" collectorName="de Kita" country="Serbia" location="West Africa" municipality="Massif de Kita" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" specimenCode="K000280143" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry id="29E0948B5F6BA90AFEE4D0322838FABC" box="[281,355,1308,1334]" name="Serbia" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">MALI</collectingCountry>
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[French Soudan]. French
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<location id="542882C05F6BA90AFD76D0332A48FABC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D95E650D5F6BA909FF75D1FA2A4BF8E0:542882C05F6BA90AFD76D0332A48FABC" box="[651,787,1308,1335]" country="Serbia" municipality="Massif de Kita" name="West Africa" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">West Africa</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="B12C4E615F6BA90AFCE2D0322A92FABC" box="[799,969,1308,1334]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">
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Massif
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<collectorName id="FC02B1CD5F6BA90AFC8ED0322A92FABC" box="[883,969,1308,1334]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">de Kita</collectorName>
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</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<date id="2549F2DB5F6BA90AFC28D0322DFBFABD" box="[981,1184,1308,1335]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" value="1950-02-16">
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<collectingDate id="350D0B335F6BA90AFC28D0322DFBFABD" box="[981,1184,1308,1335]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" value="1950-02-16">16 February 1950</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<emphasis id="638308095F6BA90AFB51D0332DA3FABC" box="[1196,1272,1309,1334]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Jaeger</emphasis>
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17 (
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<typeStatus id="8E4C6AB95F6BA90AFAD6D0322CD4FABC" box="[1323,1423,1308,1334]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode id="37E64CDE5F6BA90AFA6AD0332CF0FABD" box="[1431,1451,1309,1335]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
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barcode
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<specimenCode id="01517C605F6BA90AFF15D06E2822FAD0" box="[232,377,1344,1370]" collectionCode="K" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" type="Herbarium">K000280143</specimenCode>
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[digital image!], available athttp://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/
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<specimenCode id="01517C605F6BA90AFBA4D06E2DB5FAD0" box="[1113,1262,1344,1370]" collectionCode="K" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" type="Herbarium">K000280143</specimenCode>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="19ED87905F6BA90AFF40D04A2D10F834" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5148D41B5F6BA90AFF40D04A2D10F834" blockId="1.[136,1452,1272,2091]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">
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Annual or perennial, caespitose, erect or geniculately ascending herbs,
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<quantity id="960F79FE5F6BA90AFC19D04A2D39FAF5" box="[996,1122,1380,1407]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="16.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" unit="cm" value="90.0" valueMax="160.0" valueMin="20.0">20–160 cm</quantity>
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high; leaves 6.0–45×
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<quantity id="960F79FE5F6BA90AFAAAD04A29F6FA29" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" unit="cm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.6 cm</quantity>
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, glabrous or pubescent, glaucous or not, margin scabrous or smooth, blades drooping, reflexed or erecto-patent; ligule usually membranous rarely ciliate; Inflorescence racemes, usually binate, sometimes solitary or in scanty false spatheate panicles; raceme bases sub-equal to unequal, not deflexed, tip oblique without any distinct appendage (see
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<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F6BA90AFF75D0DA28CDF984" authorityName="Clayton" authorityYear="1966" baseAuthorityName="Hack." box="[136,406,1524,1550]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Parahyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="annua">
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<emphasis id="638308095F6BA90AFF75D0DA28CDF984" box="[136,406,1524,1550]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Parahyparrhenia annua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); racemes 4–14-awned per pair; homogamous spikelets at the base of raceme well developed, 1.0–7.0 pairs, strictly staminate or barren, reduced to joints or vestigial scale or completely absent. Pedicel and rhachis internode sub-equal, ciliate on both the margins, tips oblique. Sessile spikelets linear, 5.0–
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<quantity id="960F79FE5F6BA90AFB97D3122DEDF9DD" box="[1130,1206,1596,1623]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
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long: callus obliquely pungent 1.5–4.0 mm slightly outwardly protruded, bearded with white, rufous or purplish hairs; lower glume 3.0–12- nerved, sometimes almost inconspicuously nerved, with a median longitudinal on the back or rarely convex, glabrous, scabrous in the upper part or not distally pilose or glabrous, tip acuminate, acute, bidentate or tridentate; upper glume 1–7-nerved, more often aristate, less often exaristate, tip lobed or not; lower floret barren, reduced to a hyaline epaleate lemma or altogether absent; upper floret strictly hermaphrodite, with or without minute scale-like palea, sometimes conspicuous, hyaline lemma constituting a base of a principal geniculate awn; awn
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<quantity id="960F79FE5F6BA90AFBBFD23A2D96F8A5" box="[1090,1229,1812,1839]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="60.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="20.0">20–100 mm</quantity>
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, issuing from sinus of a bi-lobed fertile lemma, hispidulous or puberulous; stamens 3, anthers 0.5–5.0 mm. Pedicelled spikelets narrowly lanceolate, 5.0–
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<quantity id="960F79FE5F6BA90AFEC0D27228D1F8FD" box="[317,394,1884,1911]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
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long, shorter, sub-equal or longer than the sessile counterparts, variably staminate or barren, never hermaphrodite, aristate or muticous: callus oblong, short or long stipe-like, or completely absent, 0.5–2.0 mm long; lower glume with or without a longitudinal groove; lemma aristate or exaristate.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="19ED87905F6BA90AFF40D2E6285FF7A1" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="5148D41B5F6BA90AFF40D2E6285FF7A1" blockId="1.[136,1452,1272,2091]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">
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<emphasis id="638308095F6BA90AFF40D2E62865F868" bold="true" box="[189,318,1992,2018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Etymology</emphasis>
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:—The genus
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<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F6BA90AFE1DD2E62BF9F868" authorityName="A. Camus" authorityYear="1950" box="[480,674,1992,2018]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Parahyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F6BA90AFE1DD2E62BF9F868" box="[480,674,1992,2018]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Parahyparrhenia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F6BA90AFD49D2E72BB2F868" box="[692,745,1993,2018]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">para</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
=beside) was erected based on some of its unusual characters, as discussed below, close to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F6BA90AFE3AD2C22B0CF78C" authorityName="Andersson ex Eugene Fournier" authorityYear="1886" box="[455,599,2028,2054]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Hyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F6BA90AFE3AD2C22B0CF78C" box="[455,599,2028,2054]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Hyparrhenia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. The
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="8E4C6AB95F6BA90AFD6AD2C32B9CF78D" box="[663,711,2029,2055]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
species has been eponymised after the name of the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="8E4C6AB95F6BA90AFAF1D2C32C67F78D" box="[1292,1340,2029,2055]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
collector, Mr. Jaeger.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="19ED87905F68A909FF40D5B02821FE77" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" type="discussion">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5148D41B5F68A909FF40D5B02821FE77" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FF40D5B029AEFF32" bold="true" box="[189,245,158,184]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Note</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
:—According to
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="3566A9EA5F68A909FE47D5B02B04FF33" author="Camus, A. A." box="[442,607,158,185]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" pagination="404 - 405" refId="ref9203" refString="Camus, A. A. (1950) Parahyparrhenia, genre nouveau d'Andropogonees. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 22: 404 - 405." type="journal article" year="1950">Camus (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F68A909FD92D5B02A6AFF32" authorityName="A. Camus" authorityYear="1950" box="[623,817,158,184]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Parahyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FD92D5B02A6AFF32" box="[623,817,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Parahyparrhenia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
“differed from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F68A909FC11D5B02D27FF32" authorityName="Andersson ex Eugene Fournier" authorityYear="1886" box="[1004,1148,158,184]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Hyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FC11D5B02D27FF32" box="[1004,1148,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Hyparrhenia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in its geminated [bi-nate] pseudo-spikes [spiciform-raceme] which are very rarely isolated [solitary] on top of the reed [culm] and do not usually occur in panicles, the spathe is reduced, sessile spikelets with cutting callus, a little oblique [sharp and pungent], very hairy, sericeous, there is a pair of similar spikelets [homogamous], very reduced, with awns, located at the base of the pseudo-spike [spiciform-raceme], sub-sessile. There are 4–5 pairs of spikelets per raceme. The sessile spikelets are very different in form to the pedicelled spikelets. The pseudo-spikes [spiciform-raceme] are sub-contiguous, with the awns of the fertile spikelets tangling such as in genus ‘
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F68A909FCE7D4592AF6FE1A" authorityName="Persoon" authorityYear="1807" box="[794,941,375,400]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Heteropogon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FCE7D4592AF6FE1A" box="[794,941,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Heteropogon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
’, giving the impression of making one single raceme, but the inferior homomorphic spikelets are less developed than the spikelets of other pairs, with awns short and not twisted.” (Translated in English from French script of the protologue by Mr. Carlos Enrique Sánchez Ocharan,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="29E0948B5F68A909FF75D4CD29E5FE77" box="[136,190,483,509]" name="Peru" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, South America)
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="19ED87905F68A909FF40D7282AC1FDCF" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" type="distribution">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5148D41B5F68A909FF40D7282AC1FDCF" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FF40D7282814FDAA" bold="true" box="[189,335,518,544]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Distribution</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
:—Native range of the genus is from West Tropical Africa to Sahara and
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="29E0948B5F68A909FB6BD7282D84FDAA" box="[1174,1247,518,544]" name="Sudan" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, Peninsular
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="29E0948B5F68A909FA96D7282CFCFDAA" box="[1387,1447,518,544]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">India</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, Indo-China (
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="29E0948B5F68A909FEEBD70428DBFDCF" box="[278,384,554,581]" name="Thailand" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
); showing highly disjunct distributional pattern.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="19ED87905F68A909FF40D760283BFCEF" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" type="biology_ecology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5148D41B5F68A909FF40D7602B8FFDE3" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,869]" box="[189,724,590,617]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FF40D76028E3FDE2" bold="true" box="[189,440,590,616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Flowering & fruiting</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
:—September to January.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5148D41B5F68A909FF40D75C283BFCEF" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FF40D75C2890FD06" bold="true" box="[189,459,626,652]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Habitats & Ecology:—</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
The genus is known to occupy a narrow distributional range in Africa,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="29E0948B5F68A909FB29D75C2C55FD06" box="[1236,1294,626,652]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">India</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="29E0948B5F68A909FABCD75C2CF3FD06" box="[1345,1448,626,652]" name="Thailand" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
. It is fascinating to note that none of the species has an inter-continental distribution—they are only known from their native, specifically-confined and peculiar habitats. Acquisition of peculiar ecological niches such as: ephemeral pools during the rainy season on ironstone outcrops (in Africa); sloping sandstone with some water and seasonally flooded lands (in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="29E0948B5F68A909FF09D62C2806FC97" box="[244,349,770,797]" name="Thailand" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
); in the crevices of quartzite (Quartz Arenite) rocks and open grassland (in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="29E0948B5F68A909FB3FD62C2C5BFC97" box="[1218,1280,770,797]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">India</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
); making them difficult to locate outside of such specific geographical settings, thus making the genus extremely rare in occurrence and vulnerable too.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="19ED87905F68A909FF75D6E22A4BF8E0" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" type="discussion">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5148D41B5F68A909FF75D6E229A7FC6C" blockId="2.[136,252,972,998]" box="[136,252,972,998]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="0A0063775F68A909FF75D6E229A7FC6C" bold="true" box="[136,252,972,998]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" reason="1">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FF75D6E229A7FC6C" bold="true" box="[136,252,972,998]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Affinities</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5148D41B5F68A909FF75D13A2B35FAF9" blockId="2.[136,1452,1044,1898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">
|
|||
|
|
On the three occasions the generic circumscription of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F68A909FD09D13A2AEDFBA4" authorityName="A. Camus" authorityYear="1950" box="[756,950,1044,1070]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Parahyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FD09D13A2AEDFBA4" box="[756,950,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Parahyparrhenia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
was significantly inflated to receive certain anomalous features, that were earlier not part of the genus, i.e. the convex lower glume of sessile spikelet in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F68A909FA6AD11729ADFBFC" authorityName="Clayton" authorityYear="1981" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Parahyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tridentata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FA6AD11729ADFBFC" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">P. tridentata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
; absence of the homogamous spikelets at the base of a raceme in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F68A909FC22D1732D32FBFC" authorityName="Clayton" authorityYear="1969" box="[991,1129,1117,1142]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Parahyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="siamensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FC22D1732D32FBFC" box="[991,1129,1117,1142]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">P. siamensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and a stipe-like callus at the base of a pedicellate spikelet in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F68A909FE0FD1AF2BD8FB10" authorityName="Veldkamp" authorityYear="2003" box="[498,643,1152,1178]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Parahyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laegaardii">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FE0FD1AF2BD8FB10" box="[498,643,1152,1178]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">P. laegaardii</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. It is interesting to note that all of these species are from
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="29E0948B5F68A909FAF3D1AE2C2EFB10" box="[1294,1397,1152,1178]" name="Thailand" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
. The above mentioned features are also seen in the marginal genera
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F68A909FCA2D18A29F6FB69" authority="Andersson ex Eugene Fournier (1886: 67)" authorityName="Andersson ex Eugene Fournier" authorityPageNumber="67" authorityYear="1886" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Hyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FCA2D18A2AB4FB34" box="[863,1007,1188,1214]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Hyparrhenia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Andersson ex Eugène
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="3566A9EA5F68A909FB05D18A29F6FB69" author="Fournier, E. P. N." pageId="2" pageNumber="249" refId="ref9482" refString="Fournier, E. P. N. (1886) Mexicanas Plantas. Ex Typographeo Reipublicae, Paris 2: 67 pp." type="book" year="1886">Fournier (1886: 67)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F68A909FF16D1E62B19FB68" authority="Stapf (1919: 407)" authorityName="Stapf" authorityPageNumber="407" authorityYear="1919" box="[235,578,1224,1250]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FF16D1E6283CFB68" box="[235,359,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Elymandra</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="3566A9EA5F68A909FE8FD1E62B19FB68" author="Stapf, O." box="[370,578,1224,1250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" refId="ref9853" refString="Stapf, O. (1919) Gramineae. In: Prain, D. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical Africa 9. London Reeve & Co., Kent, 407 pp." type="book" year="1919">Stapf (1919: 407)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. According to
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="3566A9EA5F68A909FD0DD1E62AFBFB69" author="Clayton, W. D." box="[752,928,1224,1251]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" pagination="433 - 449" refId="ref9230" refString="Clayton, W. D. (1966) Studies in the Gramineae: XII. Parahyparrenia, Hyperthelia, Exotheca. Kew Bulletin 20 (3): 433 - 449. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4108241" type="journal article" year="1966">Clayton (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, based on morphology,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F68A909FB44D1E62C20FB68" authorityName="A. Camus" authorityYear="1950" box="[1209,1403,1224,1250]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Parahyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FB44D1E62C20FB68" box="[1209,1403,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Parahyparrhenia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
has affinities with
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F68A909FECED1C228E2FA8C" authorityName="Clayton" authorityYear="1966" box="[307,441,1260,1286]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Hyperthelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FECED1C228E2FA8C" box="[307,441,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Hyperthelia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F68A909FE31D1C22A07FA8C" authority="Stapf (1922: 3093)" authorityName="Stapf" authorityPageNumber="3093" authorityYear="1922" box="[460,860,1260,1286]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diheteropogon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FE31D1C22B2EFA8C" box="[460,629,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Diheteropogon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="3566A9EA5F68A909FD82D1C22A07FA8C" author="Stapf, O." box="[639,860,1260,1286]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" refId="ref9889" refString="Stapf, O. (1922) Hooker's Icon Plantarum. Dulao & Co. LTD., London 31: 3093 pp." type="book" year="1922">Stapf (1922: 3093)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F68A909FC67D1C22D4DFA8C" authorityName="Stapf" authorityYear="1919" box="[922,1046,1260,1286]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FC67D1C22D4DFA8C" box="[922,1046,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Elymandra</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Because all of these genera have homogamous pair(s) of spikelets present at the base of the raceme. According to
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="3566A9EA5F68A909FBD7D03E2DB9FAA1" author="Clayton, W. D." box="[1066,1250,1296,1323]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" refId="ref9273" refString="Clayton, W. D. (1969 a) Revision of the genus Hyparrhenia. Her Majesty's Stationary Office, London, 196 pp." type="book" year="1969">Clayton (1969a)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="3566A9EA5F68A909FAE6D03E298EFAC4" author="Arthan, W. & McKain, M. R. & Traiperm, P. & Welker, C. A. D. & Teisher, J. K. & Kellogg, E. A." pageId="2" pageNumber="249" pagination="418 - 431" refId="ref9090" refString="Arthan, W., McKain, M. R., Traiperm, P., Welker, C. A. D., Teisher, J. K., Kellogg, E. A. (2017) Phylogenomics of Andropogoneae (Panicoideae: Poaceae) of Southeast Asia. Systematic Botany 42 (3): 418 - 431. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 036364417 X 696023" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
|||
|
|
Arthan
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FA8CD03F2CF7FAA0" box="[1393,1452,1296,1322]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(2017)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F68A909FF1FD01A2829FAC4" authorityName="Andersson ex Eugene Fournier" authorityYear="1886" box="[226,370,1332,1358]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Hyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FF1FD01A2829FAC4" box="[226,370,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Hyparrhenia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
also have a pair of homogamous spikelets at the base of raceme. Perhaps, in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F68A909FB14D01A2CF0FAC4" authorityName="A. Camus" authorityYear="1950" box="[1257,1451,1332,1358]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Parahyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FB14D01A2CF0FAC4" box="[1257,1451,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Parahyparrhenia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
this feature was derived from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F68A909FE2AD0762B3CFAF8" authorityName="Andersson ex Eugene Fournier" authorityYear="1886" box="[471,615,1368,1394]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Hyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FE2AD0762B3CFAF8" box="[471,615,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Hyparrhenia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5148D41B5F68A909FF40D0532D52F974" blockId="2.[136,1452,1044,1898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">
|
|||
|
|
In the recent phylogenomic study by
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="3566A9EA5F68A909FD9BD0522A11FA1C" author="Arthan, W. & McKain, M. R. & Traiperm, P. & Welker, C. A. D. & Teisher, J. K. & Kellogg, E. A." box="[614,842,1404,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" pagination="418 - 431" refId="ref9090" refString="Arthan, W., McKain, M. R., Traiperm, P., Welker, C. A. D., Teisher, J. K., Kellogg, E. A. (2017) Phylogenomics of Andropogoneae (Panicoideae: Poaceae) of Southeast Asia. Systematic Botany 42 (3): 418 - 431. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 036364417 X 696023" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
|||
|
|
Arthan
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FD40D0532BADFA1C" box="[701,758,1404,1430]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(2017)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
which evaluated the systematic position of the genus within
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F68A909FF25D08E28D5FA30" authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1824" box="[216,398,1440,1466]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Andropogoneae">Andropogoneae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, found
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F68A909FE1BD08E2BA4FA30" box="[486,767,1440,1466]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Andropogon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burmanicus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FE1BD08E2BA4FA30" box="[486,767,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Andropogon burmanicus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="93331AF95F68A909FCF4D08F2A68FA31" box="[777,819,1441,1467]" country="Serbia" name="Bor" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Bor</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
(1960: 688),
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F68A909FC29D08E2C22FA31" authority="Kuntze (1891: 775)" authorityName="Kuntze" authorityPageNumber="775" authorityYear="1891" box="[980,1401,1440,1467]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Eulalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="contorta">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FC29D08E2DD4FA30" box="[980,1167,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Eulalia contorta</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="3566A9EA5F68A909FB65D08F2C22FA31" author="Kuntze, O." box="[1176,1401,1440,1467]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" refId="ref9526" refString="Kuntze, O. (1891) Revisio Generum Plantarum. Vol. 2. Arthur Felix, Leipzig. 775 pp." type="book" year="1891">Kuntze (1891: 775)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F68A909FF75D0EA28E7FA54" authorityName="Clayton" authorityYear="1969" box="[136,444,1476,1502]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Parahyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="siamensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FF75D0EA28E7FA54" box="[136,444,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Parahyparrhenia siamensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
form a previously unidentified lineage in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F68A909FC7ED0EA2D6DFA54" authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1824" box="[899,1078,1476,1502]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Andropogoneae">Andropogoneae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
with inflorescence characters that appear convergent with those of well-established genera. In their discussion they state: based on overall morphological similarity (as described in, for example, Clayton 1972, Clayton & Renvoize 1986,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="3566A9EA5F68A909FBE7D3232C6BF9AC" author="Watson, L. & Dallwitz, M. J." box="[1050,1328,1548,1575]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" refId="ref10252" refString="Watson, L. & Dallwitz, M. J. (1992 onwards) The Families of Flowering Plants: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval. Version: 14 th December 2000 [online]. Available at: http: // biodiversity. uno. edu / delta / (accessed 28 March 2022)" type="url" year="1992">Watson & Dallwitz 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="3566A9EA5F68A909FAC7D3222998F9C0" author="Veldkamp, J. F." pageId="2" pageNumber="249" pagination="495 - 501" refId="ref10218" refString="Veldkamp, J. F. (2003) Miscellaneous notes on Thai Gramineae. Blumea 48: 495 - 501. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / 000651903 X 489474" type="journal article" year="2003">Veldkamp 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="3566A9EA5F68A909FF2CD31E28F0F9C1" author="Soreng, R. J. & Peterson, P. M. & Romaschenko, K. & Davidse, G. & Zuloaga, F. O. & Judziewicz, E. J. & Filgueiras, T. S. & Davis, J. I. & Morrone, O." box="[209,427,1584,1611]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" pagination="117 - 137" refId="ref9752" refString="Soreng, R. J., Peterson, P. M., Romaschenko, K., Davidse, G., Zuloaga, F. O., Judziewicz, E. J., Filgueiras, T. S., Davis, J. I., Morrone, O. (2015) A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae). Journal of Systematics and Evolution 53: 117 - 137. [https: // onlinelibrary. wiley. com / doi / 10.1111 / jse. 12150 / epdf]" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
|||
|
|
Soreng
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FED7D31F283DF9C0" box="[298,358,1584,1610]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2015
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), we had expected that
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F68A909FD3DD31F2A17F9C0" authorityName="Clayton" authorityYear="1969" box="[704,844,1585,1610]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Parahyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="siamensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FD3DD31F2A17F9C0" box="[704,844,1585,1610]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">P. siamensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
would be closely related to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F68A909FB64D31E28AAF9E5" authority="Andersson ex Eugene Fournier (1886: 67)" authorityName="Andersson ex Eugene Fournier" authorityPageNumber="67" authorityYear="1886" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Hyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FB64D31E2C72F9C0" box="[1177,1321,1584,1610]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Hyparrhenia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Andersson ex Eugène
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="3566A9EA5F68A909FEF2D37A28AAF9E5" author="Fournier, E. P. N." box="[271,497,1620,1647]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" refId="ref9482" refString="Fournier, E. P. N. (1886) Mexicanas Plantas. Ex Typographeo Reipublicae, Paris 2: 67 pp." type="book" year="1886">Fournier (1886: 67)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, instead
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F68A909FDABD37A2BA0F9E4" box="[598,763,1620,1646]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Andropogon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burmanicus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FDABD37A2BA0F9E4" box="[598,763,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">A. burmanicus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F68A909FCC8D37B2AE4F9E4" authorityName="Clayton" authorityYear="1969" box="[821,959,1621,1646]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Parahyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="siamensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FCC8D37B2AE4F9E4" box="[821,959,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">P. siamensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
are in a clade with
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F68A909FB59D37A2C05F9E4" authorityName="Kuntze" authorityYear="1891" box="[1188,1374,1620,1646]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Eulalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="contorta">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FB59D37A2C05F9E4" box="[1188,1374,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Eulalia contorta</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
that is entirely Southeast Asian, but sister to the widespread genus
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F68A909FCD7D3562D84F918" authority="Palisot Beauvois (1812: 8)" authorityName="Palisot Beauvois" authorityPageNumber="8" authorityYear="1812" box="[810,1247,1656,1682]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Eriochrysis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FCD7D3562AF0F918" box="[810,939,1656,1682]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Eriochrysis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Palisot
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="3566A9EA5F68A909FBFBD3562D84F918" author="Beauvois, P." box="[1030,1247,1656,1682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" refId="ref9167" refString="Beauvois, P. (1812) Essai d'une nouvelle Agrostographie; ou nouveaux genres des Graminees; avec figures representant les caracteres de tous les genres. Chez l'auteur, Paris, 8 pp." type="book" year="1812">Beauvois (1812: 8)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Perhaps, it is due to a lack of homogamous spikelet at the base of spiciform-raceme that
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F68A909FC64D3B32D7AF93C" authorityName="Clayton" authorityYear="1969" box="[921,1057,1693,1718]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Parahyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="siamensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FC64D3B32D7AF93C" box="[921,1057,1693,1718]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">P. siamensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
was in a clade with
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F68A909FAFFD3B22CFFF93C" box="[1282,1444,1692,1718]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Andropogon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burmanicus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FAFFD3B22CFFF93C" box="[1282,1444,1692,1718]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">A. burmanicus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. However, their study is based on a single species of the genus
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96F7AF985F68A909FCBCD3EE2D58F950" authorityName="A. Camus" authorityYear="1950" box="[833,1027,1728,1754]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Parahyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="638308095F68A909FCBCD3EE2D58F950" box="[833,1027,1728,1754]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Parahyparrhenia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and the other six species have yet not been assessed on molecular grounds; thus, monophyly of the genus is uncertain.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5148D41B5F68A909FF40D2272A4BF8E0" blockId="2.[136,1452,1044,1898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">By the inclusion of anomalous features of the three Thai species into the genus, its circumscription has become somewhat indistinct from allied genera, posing difficulties for generic identification. It seems that any further additions with exceptional features might question generic stability.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|