treatments-xml/data/C9/33/87/C933878DFF95FFFDFF604A3F0079F7E5.xml

<document id="DB419B7DF9E37BC1F40C1127A564C732" ID-CLB-Dataset="58769" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.585.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="367f87cb-4787-4503-b096-a443ee60919e" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7672858" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1677224479195" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Blanca, Gabriel, Carmona, Rafael, Cueto, Miguel &amp; Fuentes, Julián" docDate="2023" docId="C933878DFF95FFFDFF604A3F0079F7E5" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.585.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 585 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.585.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Linaria pseudamethystea Blanca, R. Carmona, Cueto &amp; J. Fuentes 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="3" masterDocId="350AFFF5FF97FFFFFFE84B4D034CFFE6" masterDocTitle="Linaria pseudamethystea (Antirrhineae, Plantaginaceae), a new species mimetic of and apparently sympatric with L. amethystea" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1699475724097" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="0A44AB77D688719373741B8C0F3846C6">Linaria pseudamethystea (Antirrhineae, Plantaginaceae), a new species mimetic of and apparently sympatric with L. amethystea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6CC8D03631293168BA464FB0C04098A0">Blanca, Gabriel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="40DC6AA7C30D2BDA66E388FDD1348FAA">Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, C / Fuentenueva s / n, 28001 Granada, Spain &amp; gblanca @ ugr. es; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7333 - 1674</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C588CCB4DCFD10E2AC050731F7EFE54D">Carmona, Rafael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A2749747A8B861A55894E43FD097B3F6">C / Trabajo 35, 1 º B, 41010 Sevilla, Spain &amp; rafacarmona 94 @ hotmail. es; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0300 - 1880</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5A1B8A1C4B7C9FE7D86E0ADF24B1ED42" type="email">rafacarmona94@hotmail.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="313C527F12AFC3AF1E87D0E1FBC28F0A">Cueto, Miguel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="16FEC1647D5F5F9159F2E2AE7DBA299E">Departamento de Biología y Geología, CECOUAL, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain &amp; mcueto @ ual. es; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7398 - 9591</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6CCEA1937842D54ED2A6223253BDFD9D" type="email">mcueto@ual.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0904D025F1EC48639FCF2970C9F65A54">Fuentes, Julián</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AF4606AA45EB532B4583F4C7FD978A6C">C / Dílar 5, 18150 Gójar, Granada, Spain &amp; fuentescarretero @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0677 - 1124</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="EAA7BBC6FDF4580C37175AA5CF133BC5">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9844B4644AFD29B270537C04D6844A56">2023</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="869A4D18FF95FFFDFF604A3F0030FE6B" ID-CoL="B6D56" authority="Blanca, R. Carmona, Cueto &amp; J. Fuentes" authorityName="Blanca, R. Carmona, Cueto &amp; J. Fuentes" authorityYear="2023" box="[136,892,370,397]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Linaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudamethystea" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="73EEEA89FF95FFFDFF604A3F02E6FE6B" bold="true" box="[136,426,370,397]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Linaria pseudamethystea</emphasis>
Blanca, R. Carmona, Cueto &amp; J. Fuentes
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, 
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(
<figureCitation id="D9A12A1EFF95FFFDFC024A3F0718FE6B" box="[1002,1108,370,397]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="3.[136,229,2004,2026]" captionStartId-1="4.[136,229,1944,1966]" captionStartId-2="5.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox-0="[193,1404,214,1965]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1399,199,1915]" captionTargetBox-2="[215,1373,203,1917]" captionTargetId-0="figure-18@3.[151,1436,190,1980]" captionTargetId-1="figure-25@4.[177,1410,190,1919]" captionTargetId-2="figure-18@5.[203,1385,190,1929]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Linaria pseudamethystea (from holotype). A, Habit; B, leaves detail (fertile stems); C, inflorescence detail; D, flower front view; E, flower lateral view; F, capsule; G, seed front view." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. A–F, Linaria pseudamethystea (A, Habit; B, inflorescence detail; C, flower detail; D, capsule; E, dehiscing capsule; F, seed). G, Linaria amethystea subsp. amethystea. H, Linaria amethystea subsp. albiflora. I, Linaria amethystea subsp. ignescens. J, Linaria semialata. [A–F, GDA-Fanero 69424!; G, GDA-Fanero 68074!; H, Alcaudete, Jaén, G. Blanca; I, GDA-Fanero 65958!; J, GDA-Fanero 69421!]." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Scanning-electron micrographs of seeds of: A–C, Linaria amethystea subsp. amethystea (SEV 146590!); D–F, Linaria pseudamethystea (sub L. amethystea subsp. amethystea, SEV 146569!); G–I, Linaria semialata (GDA-Fanero 69080!); J–L, Linaria diffusa (sub L. amethystea, MA 550605!). [Scale bars:A, D, G, J, overview of the seeds 200 µm; B, E, H, K, disc detail 30 µm; C, F, I, L, wing detail 100 µm]." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7672862" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7672864" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7672866" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7672862/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7672864/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7672866/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
)
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="73EEEA89FF95FFFDFF604AD403F6FE48" bold="true" box="[136,186,409,430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<typeStatus id="9E218839FF95FFFDFF604AD403F6FE48" box="[136,186,409,430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:— 
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. 
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: 
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, entre 
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y contraembalse del 
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, pastizales terofíticos en zonas abiertas sobre sustratos silíceos, UTM 20 
<specimenCode id="113C9EE0FF95FFFDFE564AF0015BFE34" box="[446,535,444,466]" collectionCode="S" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="Herbarium">S 740658</specimenCode>
/4156765 (Datum 
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), 
<quantity id="86629B7EFF95FFFDFCC44AF00024FE34" box="[812,872,445,466]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="100.0">
<elevation id="CAB7D1A8FF95FFFDFCC44AF00024FE34" box="[812,872,445,466]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</elevation>
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elevation, 
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<collectingDate id="2560E9B3FF95FFFDFC394AF00707FE34" box="[977,1099,444,466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2022-04-08">8 April 2022</collectingDate>
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, 
<taxonomicName id="869A4D18FF95FFFDFBBC4AF002FAFE13" authority=", M. Cueto, J. A. Figueras, J. Fuentes &amp; J. J. Ranchal" authorityName=", M. Cueto, J. A. Figueras, J. Fuentes &amp; J. J. Ranchal" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Garcia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="blanca">
<emphasis id="73EEEA89FF95FFFDFBBC4AF002FAFE13" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">G. Blanca, M. Cueto, J.A. Figueras, J. Fuentes &amp; J.J. Ranchal</emphasis>
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(holo-: GDA-Fanero 69422!).
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="09806510FF95FFFDFF60496F070CFC26" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
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<emphasis id="73EEEA89FF95FFFDFF60496F03B7FDDA" bold="true" box="[136,251,546,572]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis</emphasis>
:—This species differs from 
<taxonomicName id="869A4D18FF95FFFDFDD7496E008FFDDA" authority="Hoffmanns. &amp; Link" authorityName="Hoffmanns. &amp; Link" box="[575,963,546,573]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Linaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amethystea">
<emphasis id="73EEEA89FF95FFFDFDD7496E0197FDDA" box="[575,731,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">L. amethystea</emphasis>
Hoffmanns. &amp; Link
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, 
<taxonomicName id="869A4D18FF95FFFDFC27496E0646FDDA" authority="D. Lopez et al." authorityName="D. Lopez" box="[975,1290,546,573]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Linaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semialata">
<emphasis id="73EEEA89FF95FFFDFC27496E0716FDDA" box="[975,1114,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">L. semialata</emphasis>
D. López 
<emphasis id="73EEEA89FF95FFFDFB39496E0646FDDA" box="[1233,1290,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="869A4D18FF95FFFDFAA9496E0229FD86" authority="Hoffmanns. &amp; Link" authorityName="Hoffmannsegg &amp; Link" authorityYear="1811" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Linaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diffusa">
<emphasis id="73EEEA89FF95FFFDFAA9496E06E7FDDA" box="[1345,1451,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">L. diffusa</emphasis>
Hoffmanns. &amp; Link
</taxonomicName>
in being completely glabrous, having unequal and glabrous calyx-lobes, abaxial lip of the corolla with reticulate ornamentation often including two thick spots, and having a densely papillose but not tuberculate disc surface of the seed (vs. pilose-glandulose at least on the inflorescence, subequal and pilose-glandulose calyxlobes, spotted abaxial lip of the corolla, and tuberculate and papillose disc surface of the seed). It also differs from 
<taxonomicName id="869A4D18FF95FFFDFA7D49FD024AFD0A" authority="Hoffmanns. &amp; Link" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Linaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amethystea">
<emphasis id="73EEEA89FF95FFFDFA7D49FD024AFD0A" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">L. amethystea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a glabrous inflorescence axis, curved spur, glabrous capsule, and a not-thickened seed wing (vs. pilose-glandulose inflorescence axis, straight or slightly curved spur, pilose-glandulose at apex capsule, and thickened seed wing). It also differs from 
<taxonomicName id="869A4D18FF95FFFDFE0648570135FCD5" authority="D. López et al." box="[494,633,793,819]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Linaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semialata">
<emphasis id="73EEEA89FF95FFFDFE0648570135FCD5" box="[494,633,793,819]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">L. semialata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a blue-violet corolla, glabrous capsule, and seed wing 
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wide (vs. white, pale-yellow or violet-pinkish corolla, pilose-glandulose capsule, and seed wing 
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wide). Finally, the new species is distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="869A4D18FF95FFFDFD48482D0046FC9F" authorityName="Hoffmannsegg &amp; Link" authorityYear="1811" box="[672,778,863,889]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Linaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diffusa">
<emphasis id="73EEEA89FF95FFFDFD48482D0046FC9F" box="[672,778,863,889]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">L. diffusa</emphasis>
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in having the inflorescence in flower up to 
<quantity id="86629B7EFF95FFFDFB134812060DFC9C" box="[1275,1345,863,890]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
long and glabrous, pedicel in flower 
<quantity id="86629B7EFF95FFFDFE5048CF0172FC7B" box="[440,574,898,925]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="1.9" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="0.6">0.6–3.2 mm</quantity>
long, and corolla 
<quantity id="86629B7EFF95FFFDFCED48CE0031FC7B" box="[773,893,899,925]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="13.0">13–19 mm</quantity>
long (vs. inflorescence in flower up to 
<quantity id="86629B7EFF95FFFDFAC748CF063FFC7B" box="[1327,1395,898,925]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="cm" value="26.0">26 cm</quantity>
long and pilose-glandulose, pedicel in flower 
<quantity id="86629B7EFF95FFFDFDB848E8018EFC26" box="[592,706,933,960]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="5.25" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–9 mm</quantity>
long, and corolla 
<quantity id="86629B7EFF95FFFDFC6448EB00BBFC26" box="[908,1015,934,960]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="9.0">9–16 mm</quantity>
long).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="09806510FF95FFFDFF5548840700FA36" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="4125369BFF95FFFDFF5548840700FA36" blockId="2.[136,1452,546,2051]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="73EEEA89FF95FFFDFF554884020BFC05" bold="true" box="[189,327,969,995]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description</emphasis>
:—Herbaceous annual plant, glabrous, glaucous. Stems decumbent to erect, thin, often simple or forked, sometimes more branched; fertile stems 2-numerous, 
<quantity id="86629B7EFF95FFFDFCAB48A100EAFBE1" box="[835,934,1004,1031]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="cm" value="16.5" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="7.0">7–26 cm</quantity>
long; 1–5 sterile stems shorter, 
<quantity id="86629B7EFF95FFFDFAFD48A10626FBE1" box="[1301,1386,1004,1031]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="cm" value="4.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="1.0">1–7 cm</quantity>
long. Leaves in whorls of 3(–4), the upper alternate, linear to linear-oblong; leaves of fertile stems 5–24 × 
<quantity id="86629B7EFF95FFFDFB3B4F420610FBCC" box="[1235,1372,1039,1066]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="1.65" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2.8 mm</quantity>
; leaves of sterile stems 5–15 × 
<quantity id="86629B7EFF95FFFDFE724F7F016AFBAB" box="[410,550,1074,1101]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.2 mm</quantity>
. Inflorescence up to 
<quantity id="86629B7EFF95FFFDFCFF4F7E0012FBAB" box="[791,862,1075,1101]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
long, simple, racemiform, with 2–10(–15) flowers, laxly arranged, glabrous. Bracts 1.3–2.5 × 
<quantity id="86629B7EFF95FFFDFDB64F1B01AAFB96" box="[606,742,1110,1136]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.2 mm</quantity>
, linear. Pedicels 
<quantity id="86629B7EFF95FFFDFC764F1B0768FB96" box="[926,1060,1110,1136]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="1.9" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="0.6">0.6–3.2 mm</quantity>
long in flower, suberect, 
<quantity id="86629B7EFF95FFFDFAD34F1B06E0FB96" box="[1339,1452,1110,1136]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="4.15" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="1.3">1.3–7 mm</quantity>
long in fruit, ascending. Calyx lobes unequal, oblong to narrowly lanceolate, fused at the base, acute, glabrous; adaxial lobe 3.2–3.8 × 
<quantity id="86629B7EFF95FFFDFED94FD102F4FB51" box="[305,440,1180,1207]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.8 mm</quantity>
in flower, and 4–4.2 × 
<quantity id="86629B7EFF95FFFDFD564FD1007CFB51" box="[702,816,1180,1207]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1 mm</quantity>
in fruit; abaxial lobes 2–2.7 × 
<quantity id="86629B7EFF95FFFDFB614FD1065CFB51" box="[1161,1296,1180,1207]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.8 mm</quantity>
in flower and 2.5–3.3 × 
<quantity id="86629B7EFF95FFFDFF144FF202CFFB3C" box="[252,387,1215,1242]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="0.95" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.1 mm</quantity>
in fruit. Corolla personate, spurred, 
<quantity id="86629B7EFF95FFFDFCC94FF200D6FB3C" box="[801,922,1215,1242]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="13.0">13–19 mm</quantity>
long, blue-violet, with conspicuous dark veins and yellow to orangish palate; tube 
<quantity id="86629B7EFF95FFFDFDCA4FAF01E7FB1B" box="[546,683,1250,1277]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="1.95" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.4">1.4–2.5 mm</quantity>
broad in dorsiventral section, erect; adaxial lip up to 
<quantity id="86629B7EFF95FFFDFAFA4FAF0626FB1B" box="[1298,1386,1250,1277]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
long, bilobate, with a sinus of 
<quantity id="86629B7EFF95FFFDFE754E48015EFAC6" box="[413,530,1285,1312]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–4 mm</quantity>
; abaxial lip 3-lobate, with two prominent humps and ornamentation reticulate and often with two thick spots; spur (7–)8–9.5 × 
<quantity id="86629B7EFF95FFFDFD6E4E6401B5FAA5" box="[646,761,1321,1347]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="1.3" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.0">1–1.6 mm</quantity>
(the width measured at the base), equalling the length of the rest of the corolla, curved, usually dark blue-violet. Capsule 3–4.2 × 
<quantity id="86629B7EFF95FFFDFC6B4E0100BAFA81" box="[899,1014,1356,1383]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="3.6" valueMax="4.2" valueMin="3.0">3–4.2 mm</quantity>
, globose, apex bilobate, glabrous; style 
<quantity id="86629B7EFF95FFFDFF604E22025FFA6C" box="[136,275,1391,1418]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="3.1" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.7">2.7–3.5 mm</quantity>
, weakly bilobed at apex. Seeds 1–1.4 × 
<quantity id="86629B7EFF95FFFDFD004E22003FFA6C" box="[744,883,1391,1418]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="1.45" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.7 mm</quantity>
, suborbicular-reniform, discoid, slightly concaveconvex to flat (
<figureCitation id="D9A12A1EFF95FFFDFEDA4EDF0239FA4B" box="[306,373,1426,1453]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[215,1373,203,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[203,1385,190,1929]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning-electron micrographs of seeds of: A–C, Linaria amethystea subsp. amethystea (SEV 146590!); D–F, Linaria pseudamethystea (sub L. amethystea subsp. amethystea, SEV 146569!); G–I, Linaria semialata (GDA-Fanero 69080!); J–L, Linaria diffusa (sub L. amethystea, MA 550605!). [Scale bars:A, D, G, J, overview of the seeds 200 µm; B, E, H, K, disc detail 30 µm; C, F, I, L, wing detail 100 µm]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7672866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7672866/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
, D); disk reniform, black, densely papillose, not tuberculate (
<figureCitation id="D9A12A1EFF95FFFDFBCF4EDF0726FA4B" box="[1063,1130,1426,1453]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[215,1373,203,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[203,1385,190,1929]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning-electron micrographs of seeds of: A–C, Linaria amethystea subsp. amethystea (SEV 146590!); D–F, Linaria pseudamethystea (sub L. amethystea subsp. amethystea, SEV 146569!); G–I, Linaria semialata (GDA-Fanero 69080!); J–L, Linaria diffusa (sub L. amethystea, MA 550605!). [Scale bars:A, D, G, J, overview of the seeds 200 µm; B, E, H, K, disc detail 30 µm; C, F, I, L, wing detail 100 µm]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7672866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7672866/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
, E); wing 
<quantity id="86629B7EFF95FFFDFB084EDF062BFA4B" box="[1248,1383,1426,1453]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.5 mm</quantity>
wide, subentire, not thickened, black or dark grey, with papillose inner margin (
<figureCitation id="D9A12A1EFF95FFFDFC564EFB0753FA36" box="[958,1055,1462,1488]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[215,1373,203,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[203,1385,190,1929]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning-electron micrographs of seeds of: A–C, Linaria amethystea subsp. amethystea (SEV 146590!); D–F, Linaria pseudamethystea (sub L. amethystea subsp. amethystea, SEV 146569!); G–I, Linaria semialata (GDA-Fanero 69080!); J–L, Linaria diffusa (sub L. amethystea, MA 550605!). [Scale bars:A, D, G, J, overview of the seeds 200 µm; B, E, H, K, disc detail 30 µm; C, F, I, L, wing detail 100 µm]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7672866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7672866/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figure 3</figureCitation>
, F).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="09806510FF95FFFDFF554E94015BF9F0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="4125369BFF95FFFDFF554E94015BF9F0" blockId="2.[136,1452,546,2051]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="73EEEA89FF95FFFDFF554E940272FA15" bold="true" box="[189,318,1497,1523]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Etymology</emphasis>
:—The specific epithet refers to the surprising mimicry with 
<taxonomicName id="869A4D18FF95FFFDFC114E970798FA15" authority="Hoffmanns. &amp; Link" box="[1017,1236,1497,1523]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Linaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amethystea">
<emphasis id="73EEEA89FF95FFFDFC114E970798FA15" box="[1017,1236,1497,1523]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Linaria amethystea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has caused misidentification of its populations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="09806510FF95FFFDFF554D520079F7E5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4125369BFF95FFFDFF554D52025CF90F" blockId="2.[136,1452,546,2051]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="73EEEA89FF95FFFDFF554D5202A8F9DF" bold="true" box="[189,484,1567,1593]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
:— 
<taxonomicName id="869A4D18FF95FFFDFDE04D6D006EF9DF" authorityName="Blanca, R. Carmona, Cueto &amp; J. Fuentes" authorityYear="2023" box="[520,802,1567,1593]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Linaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudamethystea">
<emphasis id="73EEEA89FF95FFFDFDE04D6D006EF9DF" box="[520,802,1567,1593]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Linaria pseudamethystea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be considered an endemic species from the southwestern Iberian Peninsula (
<figureCitation id="D9A12A1EFF95FFFDFE284D0F0169F9BB" box="[448,549,1602,1629]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1087,1109]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,190,1063]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[177,1411,190,1063]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Distribution map of the studied localities of Iberian Linaria." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7672874" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7672874/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figure 4</figureCitation>
), from the east of the province of Seville (
<collectingCountry id="398D760BFF95FFFDFBF04D0F0717F9BA" box="[1048,1115,1602,1628]" name="Spain" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Spain</collectingCountry>
) to the Algarve and Alentejo (
<collectingCountry id="398D760BFF95FFFDFF784D2B03B9F966" box="[144,245,1638,1664]" name="Portugal" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Portugal</collectingCountry>
), growing in ephemeral therophyte pastures of siliceous mountains. Here it grows on poorly developed and stony or sandy soils, in schists, slates and granites, between 
<quantity id="86629B7EFF95FFFDFCCD4DC400D9F945" box="[805,917,1673,1700]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="175.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="50.0">50–300 m</quantity>
elevation, under a Mediterranean pluviseasonal oceanic bioclimate with a thermomediterranean to mesomediterranean thermotypes and dry ombrotype (Rivas Martínez 
<emphasis id="73EEEA89FF95FFFDFF604D9D038CF90F" box="[136,192,1743,1769]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al.</emphasis>
2002).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4125369BFF95FFFDFF554DBE07B4F8D6" blockId="2.[136,1452,546,2051]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="73EEEA89FF95FFFDFF554DBE0275F8EB" bold="true" box="[189,313,1779,1805]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Phenology</emphasis>
:—The flowering period spans March to May, although depending on the annual climatic conditions it can start in mid-February or extend until the beginning of June. The fruiting time spans April to June.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4125369BFF95FFFDFF554C740079F7E5" blockId="2.[136,1452,546,2051]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="73EEEA89FF95FFFDFF554C7402E7F8B5" bold="true" box="[189,427,1849,1875]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Conservation status</emphasis>
:—The distribution area of 
<taxonomicName id="869A4D18FF95FFFDFD084C7700B7F8B5" authorityName="Blanca, R. Carmona, Cueto &amp; J. Fuentes" authorityYear="2023" box="[736,1019,1849,1875]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Linaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudamethystea">
<emphasis id="73EEEA89FF95FFFDFD084C7700B7F8B5" box="[736,1019,1849,1875]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Linaria pseudamethystea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
extends over a relatively large area of the SW Iberian Peninsula. Its populations include many individuals, although, as an annual plant, its numbers may significantly fluctuate over the years, depending on weather conditions. There are also no significant threats to the populations, since sometimes they are part of grasslands typical of extensive areas of natural vegetation that are even part of protected areas. According to the IUCN categories (2012) and recommendations provided by 
<bibRefCitation id="250B4B6AFF95FFFDFB004C8B06CCF806" author="IUCN &amp; Cambridge, UK" box="[1256,1408,1990,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref7016" refString="IUCN (2017) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 13. Standards and Petitions Subcomitee. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, 113 pp." type="book" year="2017">IUCN (2017)</bibRefCitation>
, we suggest labelling 
<taxonomicName id="869A4D18FF95FFFDFEA44CA70165F7E5" authorityName="Blanca, R. Carmona, Cueto &amp; J. Fuentes" authorityYear="2023" box="[332,553,2025,2051]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Linaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudamethystea">
<emphasis id="73EEEA89FF95FFFDFEA44CA70165F7E5" box="[332,553,2025,2051]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">L. pseudamethystea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as Least Concern (LC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>