<documentID-CLB-Dataset="6073"ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438"ID-GBIF-Dataset="1cbd52e0-cd9d-41a1-a77b-036a49e9cf81"ID-PMC="PMC8222197"ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1043-147"ID-Pensoft-UUID="D839C1602FC95ADDA0C8EB4A7651C892"ID-PubMed="34177308"ID-ZooBank="E4AD2746040E4CD6ABCA5806FFA422CF"ModsDocID="1313-2970-1043-147"checkinTime="1623788852491"checkinUser="pensoft"docAuthor="Cho, Kyuhee, Park, Chailinn & Boettger-Schnack, Ruth"docDate="2021"docId="C353F0A5613C56FD8BC1164C838FCF7C"docLanguage="en"docName="ZooKeys 1043: 147-191"docOrigin="ZooKeys 1043"docPubDate="2021-06-15"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438"docTitle="Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack 2003"docType="treatment"docVersion="7"id="D839C1602FC95ADDA0C8EB4A7651C892"lastPageNumber="147"masterDocId="D839C1602FC95ADDA0C8EB4A7651C892"masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of three species of the genus Spinoncaea (Copepoda, Oncaeidae) in the North Pacific Ocean with focus on morphological variability"masterLastPageNumber="191"masterPageNumber="147"pageNumber="147"updateTime="1732826186813"updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="802E3B72FC9810010615DAB06F930981">Taxonomy of three species of the genus Spinoncaea (Copepoda, Oncaeidae) in the North Pacific Ocean with focus on morphological variability</mods:title>
<mods:affiliationid="AEB6F91B8C6F19147E7BEF6A00138203">Marine Ecosystem Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="EC7C7DAB77CD50FD9837656597C207E4">Global Ocean Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan, Republic of Korea & Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
<figureCitationid="988C6F162B774AAB0ED2E99635E77317"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="F8"captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">Figs 8</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="1AD1C0E32760A66CF4BD47855F8A55DF"captionStart="Figure 9"captionStartId="F9"captionText="Figure 9. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A antennule B antenna C mandible D maxillule E maxilla, arrows indicating spinules F maxilliped, anterior G labrum, anterior, arrows indicating three marginal teeth H labrum, posterior. Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure9"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555766"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">, 9</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="291567A3D1FB6DE740EF6945879907F2"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A P 1, anterior B P 2, anterior C P 3, posterior D P 4, anterior, intercoxal sclerite not figured, seta on basis figured separately. Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555767"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">, 10</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="B476AFAFC2B375EE923830FF23A2C03A"captionStart="Figure 11"captionStartId="F11"captionText="Figure 11. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, male (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta on left side of P 5 - bearing somite missing) B urosome, dorsal (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) C urosome, ventral, ventrolateral lobes on P 5 - bearing somite arrowed (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) D maxilliped, anterior E antennule F P 5 exopod and outer basal seta, lateral G Anal somite and caudal ramus of another specimen, ventral. seta IV on left side and seta V on right side omitted. Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure11"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555768"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">, 11</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="FD5218C73A29BA72D3AA3E21FEAC5523"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="F8"captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">8A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="6BACF6EBD454BF4BF7801B1FE37733B2"captionStart="Figure 11"captionStartId="F11"captionText="Figure 11. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, male (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta on left side of P 5 - bearing somite missing) B urosome, dorsal (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) C urosome, ventral, ventrolateral lobes on P 5 - bearing somite arrowed (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) D maxilliped, anterior E antennule F P 5 exopod and outer basal seta, lateral G Anal somite and caudal ramus of another specimen, ventral. seta IV on left side and seta V on right side omitted. Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure11"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555768"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">11A</figureCitation>
) undissected on H-S slide, respectively. Five females and two males dissected on several slides, respectively. Three females dissected on H-S slide, respectively. Six dissected females (NIBRIV0000882784-882789) and one dissected male (NIBRIV0000882790) and one undissected female (NIBRIV0000882782) and one undissected male (NIBRIV0000882783) on respective H-S slide were deposited in the NIBR. (b)
: One female (NIBRIV0000882793) and one male (NIBRIV0000882794) dissected on H-S slide, respectively. All dissected specimens and one undissected female (in alcohol, NIBRIV0000882795) were deposited in the NIBR
urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in
<figureCitationid="C4D8FBE720433D7A97DB53CE91E03958"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="F8"captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">8</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="C65570BE09AE1764F4F983A933036E78"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A P 1, anterior B P 2, anterior C P 3, posterior D P 4, anterior, intercoxal sclerite not figured, seta on basis figured separately. Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555767"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">10</figureCitation>
<tableCitationid="B90BCD644607C3982D19378CCDA6216F"captionStart="Table 3"captionStartId="T3"captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
<tableCitationid="63DA0986ECDCE82F7520E2E3D594CEE3"captionStart="Table 4"captionStartId="T4"captionText="Table 4. Variation in proportional spine lengths on P 2 - P 4 for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations of the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait, n = number of specimens measured) Abbreviations: DS = distal spine; L = length; MS = middle spine; ODS = outer distal spine; OSDS = outer subdistal spine; PS = proximal spine; SP = spine; W = width."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C31DA3DB9644D3B1EF4CFC460518BFD1"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"tableUuid="C31DA3DB9644D3B1EF4CFC460518BFD1">4</tableCitation>
<figureCitationid="9C7366AAF8B8C8992DE0A0137094C1E3"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="F8"captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">8B</figureCitation>
<tableCitationid="FABB7A89C4A211AD3717591EACE29243"captionStart="Table 3"captionStartId="T3"captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="88602ECD3276E7F1BFA285BC0098B930"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"author="Boettger-Schnack, R"journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"pagination="187 - 226"refId="B5"refString="Boettger-Schnack, R, 2003. Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi -group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2): 187 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"title="Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi - group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution."url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"volume="137"year="2003">
<figureCitationid="26DCA3D0C415FC954A88455948FBB993"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="F8"captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">8B</figureCitation>
), calculated by not correcting for the telescoping of somites. Variation of prosome to urosome length (including CR) 1.3-1.7 in Pacific specimens (Table
<tableCitationid="115A89C76E8297826D062073CFFCC36A"captionStart="Table 3"captionStartId="T3"captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="22E2A774CB32A120B57B7B08932F27F6"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"author="Boettger-Schnack, R"journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"pagination="187 - 226"refId="B5"refString="Boettger-Schnack, R, 2003. Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi -group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2): 187 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"title="Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi - group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution."url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"volume="137"year="2003">
P5-bearing somite with paired midventral spinous processes variable in number (two or three processes) and one pair of ventrolateral lobate processes (arrowed in Fig.
<figureCitationid="6447D8D8168F3AE804206308EE1F8102"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="F8"captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">8D, E</figureCitation>
). Variation in number of midventral spinous processes was not mentioned for Red Sea specimens and ventrolateral lobes were not described, but are vaguely discernible from
<bibRefCitationid="DEF082D185F99DEAD429CD8FBD82566A"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"author="Boettger-Schnack, R"journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"pagination="187 - 226"refId="B5"refString="Boettger-Schnack, R, 2003. Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi -group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2): 187 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"title="Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi - group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution."url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"volume="137"year="2003">
<figureCitationid="118380BA59E6D67800516529A333566F"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="F8"captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">8C, D, E</figureCitation>
<tableCitationid="47788FBE10AD504C9388F37686C70E9D"captionStart="Table 3"captionStartId="T3"captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
), respective values from Red Sea fall within this range. Largest width measured at 2/5 the distance between anterior and posterior margin, similar to Red Sea specimens, where it is "about halfway". Ventral surface with few rows of minute spinules in some specimens (Fig.
<figureCitationid="60B285774761A48CA867E7AE8505D89D"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="F8"captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">8E</figureCitation>
), difficult to discern; this ornamentation was not mentioned for Red Sea specimens. Paired genital apertures located dorsally at about same position as in Red Sea specimens, armature difficult to discern. Weakly pronounced undulate hyaline frill on posterior margin of genital double-somite and postgenital somites and pore pattern as figured (Fig.
<figureCitationid="BB08E48E15732D4A27273602FECBFC17"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="F8"captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">8D, E</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="B0C162CC6714751FBD511B6200654BB1"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="F8"captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">8C</figureCitation>
<tableCitationid="558E7A181CCE9956CF898E1943A74486"captionStart="Table 3"captionStartId="T3"captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
<figureCitationid="0053CBD0947B465D52A4504BD5B3F48D"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="F8"captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">8C, D, E</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="12089D7BBB5FCAD273DFBE6DE30CBE72"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="F8"captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">8A, C</figureCitation>
<tableCitationid="A06A33C17F26D92BDD9E61E1C44E231C"captionStart="Table 3"captionStartId="T3"captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
<figureCitationid="081CF1A22C761B4CA50B83DCCFEADE52"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="F8"captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">8C</figureCitation>
<tableCitationid="0BEF792868EF4F9B5AE61D59B1659220"captionStart="Table 3"captionStartId="T3"captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="3BC6524BC5ECD64E3290D891065F0105"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"author="Boettger-Schnack, R"journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"pagination="187 - 226"refId="B5"refString="Boettger-Schnack, R, 2003. Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi -group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2): 187 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"title="Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi - group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution."url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"volume="137"year="2003">
<figureCitationid="3ED85FC81D230EB8AD2F8EFB3208B939"captionStart="Figure 9"captionStartId="F9"captionText="Figure 9. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A antennule B antenna C mandible D maxillule E maxilla, arrows indicating spinules F maxilliped, anterior G labrum, anterior, arrows indicating three marginal teeth H labrum, posterior. Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure9"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555766"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">9A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="7A0BE12C20E4A6F3562C5C415D7DD3FF"captionStart="Figure 9"captionStartId="F9"captionText="Figure 9. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A antennule B antenna C mandible D maxillule E maxilla, arrows indicating spinules F maxilliped, anterior G labrum, anterior, arrows indicating three marginal teeth H labrum, posterior. Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure9"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555766"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">9B</figureCitation>
<tableCitationid="9BBE3D7DDB0124CB4E9FF104AA024A08"captionStart="Table 3"captionStartId="T3"captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="DBD5EB60751E29D430E7CC7455BE0E12"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"author="Boettger-Schnack, R"journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"pagination="187 - 226"refId="B5"refString="Boettger-Schnack, R, 2003. Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi -group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2): 187 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"title="Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi - group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution."url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"volume="137"year="2003">
<figureCitationid="BAAF880F44261A0C0F280D8224D89CD8"captionStart="Figure 9"captionStartId="F9"captionText="Figure 9. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A antennule B antenna C mandible D maxillule E maxilla, arrows indicating spinules F maxilliped, anterior G labrum, anterior, arrows indicating three marginal teeth H labrum, posterior. Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure9"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555766"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">9G, H</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="71333DE6D794E893B3624362DFECB1F3"captionStart="Figure 9"captionStartId="F9"captionText="Figure 9. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A antennule B antenna C mandible D maxillule E maxilla, arrows indicating spinules F maxilliped, anterior G labrum, anterior, arrows indicating three marginal teeth H labrum, posterior. Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure9"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555766"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">9G</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A20C53593B42553E4B293E37FD6AE268"captionStart="Figure 9"captionStartId="F9"captionText="Figure 9. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A antennule B antenna C mandible D maxillule E maxilla, arrows indicating spinules F maxilliped, anterior G labrum, anterior, arrows indicating three marginal teeth H labrum, posterior. Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure9"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555766"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">9G</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="E5D33E76CB03A9ADCFDC017B6EAB7A9E"captionStart="Figure 9"captionStartId="F9"captionText="Figure 9. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A antennule B antenna C mandible D maxillule E maxilla, arrows indicating spinules F maxilliped, anterior G labrum, anterior, arrows indicating three marginal teeth H labrum, posterior. Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure9"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555766"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">9C</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="09EC947BC2B1D6DEDBF7F1F9FA4E8BFF"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"author="Boettger-Schnack, R"journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"pagination="187 - 226"refId="B5"refString="Boettger-Schnack, R, 2003. Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi -group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2): 187 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"title="Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi - group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution."url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"volume="137"year="2003">
<figureCitationid="C3F2DF2914511E502B0E3E6110365240"captionStart="Figure 9"captionStartId="F9"captionText="Figure 9. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A antennule B antenna C mandible D maxillule E maxilla, arrows indicating spinules F maxilliped, anterior G labrum, anterior, arrows indicating three marginal teeth H labrum, posterior. Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure9"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555766"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">9D</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="CA8F988C8198B8325B6D64AD6BC265E0"captionStart="Figure 9"captionStartId="F9"captionText="Figure 9. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A antennule B antenna C mandible D maxillule E maxilla, arrows indicating spinules F maxilliped, anterior G labrum, anterior, arrows indicating three marginal teeth H labrum, posterior. Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure9"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555766"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">9E</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="D663899C7EF6A24785E088C902B0C054"captionStart="Figure 9"captionStartId="F9"captionText="Figure 9. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A antennule B antenna C mandible D maxillule E maxilla, arrows indicating spinules F maxilliped, anterior G labrum, anterior, arrows indicating three marginal teeth H labrum, posterior. Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure9"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555766"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">9E</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="720C659C1AB89B29ECE5CCA26F39AF1A"captionStart="Figure 9"captionStartId="F9"captionText="Figure 9. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A antennule B antenna C mandible D maxillule E maxilla, arrows indicating spinules F maxilliped, anterior G labrum, anterior, arrows indicating three marginal teeth H labrum, posterior. Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure9"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555766"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">9F</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="6E8B58222FD0ED6094FDEDB8907371DA"captionStart="Figure 9"captionStartId="F9"captionText="Figure 9. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A antennule B antenna C mandible D maxillule E maxilla, arrows indicating spinules F maxilliped, anterior G labrum, anterior, arrows indicating three marginal teeth H labrum, posterior. Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure9"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555766"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">9F</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="1C4451EF7CB7227AC3CE4D1A836F3BF5"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A P 1, anterior B P 2, anterior C P 3, posterior D P 4, anterior, intercoxal sclerite not figured, seta on basis figured separately. Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555767"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">10A-D</figureCitation>
<tableCitationid="DE95FB70E98AFB74F46D1589E6415DED"captionStart="Table 2"captionStartId="T2"captionText="Table 2. Swimming legs armature formula. Roman numerals indicate spines, Arabic numerals represent setae. Differences in spine count are marked in bold. (a) S. ivlevi and S. tenuis, (b) S. humesi."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/140228EAFF62F015C052DE3991C57686"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"tableUuid="140228EAFF62F015C052DE3991C57686">2</tableCitation>
<figureCitationid="E1EFF6DD71D4B0A8D81C725A7E1AFCD6"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A P 1, anterior B P 2, anterior C P 3, posterior D P 4, anterior, intercoxal sclerite not figured, seta on basis figured separately. Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555767"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">10A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A30435A7247CB17D60860D780A18BB68"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A P 1, anterior B P 2, anterior C P 3, posterior D P 4, anterior, intercoxal sclerite not figured, seta on basis figured separately. Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555767"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">10A-C</figureCitation>
<tableCitationid="FC9394E6E88FC7DA624118F35D9270C0"captionStart="Table 4"captionStartId="T4"captionText="Table 4. Variation in proportional spine lengths on P 2 - P 4 for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations of the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait, n = number of specimens measured) Abbreviations: DS = distal spine; L = length; MS = middle spine; ODS = outer distal spine; OSDS = outer subdistal spine; PS = proximal spine; SP = spine; W = width."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C31DA3DB9644D3B1EF4CFC460518BFD1"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"tableUuid="C31DA3DB9644D3B1EF4CFC460518BFD1">4</tableCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="44FF891050CB18F52FA2F00A2278ABCA"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"author="Boettger-Schnack, R"journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"pagination="187 - 226"refId="B5"refString="Boettger-Schnack, R, 2003. Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi -group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2): 187 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"title="Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi - group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution."url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"volume="137"year="2003">
: fig. 14A-D), except for the proportional lengths of outer spines on P3, which are larger in Pacific specimens than in the Red Sea specimens. Distal spine slightly longer than (P1) or almost equal in length (P2-P4) to distal exopod segment, similar to Red Sea specimens (
<bibRefCitationid="7A78CB0E3C0A2EE8682DD2818B8263D2"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"author="Boettger-Schnack, R"journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"pagination="187 - 226"refId="B5"refString="Boettger-Schnack, R, 2003. Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi -group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2): 187 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"title="Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi - group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution."url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"volume="137"year="2003">
<tableCitationid="3AD59A7236956B69046B21DD5AF5EC35"captionStart="Table 4"captionStartId="T4"captionText="Table 4. Variation in proportional spine lengths on P 2 - P 4 for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations of the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait, n = number of specimens measured) Abbreviations: DS = distal spine; L = length; MS = middle spine; ODS = outer distal spine; OSDS = outer subdistal spine; PS = proximal spine; SP = spine; W = width."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C31DA3DB9644D3B1EF4CFC460518BFD1"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"tableUuid="C31DA3DB9644D3B1EF4CFC460518BFD1">4</tableCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="67DBDC1819F81BA6D708D2639C83EBF8"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"author="Boettger-Schnack, R"journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"pagination="187 - 226"refId="B5"refString="Boettger-Schnack, R, 2003. Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi -group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2): 187 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"title="Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi - group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution."url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"volume="137"year="2003">
<figureCitationid="67621E5901734CCB8C6243D67DC288DC"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="F8"captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">8C, D, F</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="53308AF07EC62733D72C03394F96C2D2"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="F8"captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">8C</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="C2F752E8F615D32EE84290751A6D9841"captionStart="Figure 11"captionStartId="F11"captionText="Figure 11. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, male (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta on left side of P 5 - bearing somite missing) B urosome, dorsal (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) C urosome, ventral, ventrolateral lobes on P 5 - bearing somite arrowed (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) D maxilliped, anterior E antennule F P 5 exopod and outer basal seta, lateral G Anal somite and caudal ramus of another specimen, ventral. seta IV on left side and seta V on right side omitted. Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure11"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555768"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">11</figureCitation>
<tableCitationid="A182F30D1A9B3944C89F9330BB27EDFD"captionStart="Table 3"captionStartId="T3"captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
<tableCitationid="7D15540E2F7187B39B0C56C604F2A445"captionStart="Table 4"captionStartId="T4"captionText="Table 4. Variation in proportional spine lengths on P 2 - P 4 for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations of the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait, n = number of specimens measured) Abbreviations: DS = distal spine; L = length; MS = middle spine; ODS = outer distal spine; OSDS = outer subdistal spine; PS = proximal spine; SP = spine; W = width."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C31DA3DB9644D3B1EF4CFC460518BFD1"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"tableUuid="C31DA3DB9644D3B1EF4CFC460518BFD1">4</tableCitation>
<tableCitationid="9300152080A99764813A82BF9D7EEC61"captionStart="Table 3"captionStartId="T3"captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
). Sexual dimorphism in antennule, maxilliped, P6, and in genital segmentation, slight modification in setal length of P5. Pore pattern on prosome not discerned.
<figureCitationid="DBC4E1881EDBEDC510DA921BFB4A2ED0"captionStart="Figure 11"captionStartId="F11"captionText="Figure 11. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, male (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta on left side of P 5 - bearing somite missing) B urosome, dorsal (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) C urosome, ventral, ventrolateral lobes on P 5 - bearing somite arrowed (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) D maxilliped, anterior E antennule F P 5 exopod and outer basal seta, lateral G Anal somite and caudal ramus of another specimen, ventral. seta IV on left side and seta V on right side omitted. Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure11"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555768"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">11C</figureCitation>
urosome, ventral, ventrolateral lobes on P5-bearing somite arrowed (P5 and the outer seta of P5-bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing)
<figureCitationid="6E8121B8C4EAD6B8A4342BEA57B336ED"captionStart="Figure 11"captionStartId="F11"captionText="Figure 11. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, male (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta on left side of P 5 - bearing somite missing) B urosome, dorsal (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) C urosome, ventral, ventrolateral lobes on P 5 - bearing somite arrowed (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) D maxilliped, anterior E antennule F P 5 exopod and outer basal seta, lateral G Anal somite and caudal ramus of another specimen, ventral. seta IV on left side and seta V on right side omitted. Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure11"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555768"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">11A, B, C, G</figureCitation>
<tableCitationid="E1519899BA7F4E27B0D523EAC95B4289"captionStart="Table 3"captionStartId="T3"captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
<figureCitationid="78623BC209C855DD20CBC27863639A52"captionStart="Figure 11"captionStartId="F11"captionText="Figure 11. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, male (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta on left side of P 5 - bearing somite missing) B urosome, dorsal (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) C urosome, ventral, ventrolateral lobes on P 5 - bearing somite arrowed (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) D maxilliped, anterior E antennule F P 5 exopod and outer basal seta, lateral G Anal somite and caudal ramus of another specimen, ventral. seta IV on left side and seta V on right side omitted. Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure11"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555768"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">11D</figureCitation>
<tableCitationid="453CC4E23FF6D47D6EA50D01AC92A057"captionStart="Table 3"captionStartId="T3"captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
<figureCitationid="5957DB9CD4E6CDFF93B8D01EB9F5252C"captionStart="Figure 11"captionStartId="F11"captionText="Figure 11. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, male (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta on left side of P 5 - bearing somite missing) B urosome, dorsal (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) C urosome, ventral, ventrolateral lobes on P 5 - bearing somite arrowed (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) D maxilliped, anterior E antennule F P 5 exopod and outer basal seta, lateral G Anal somite and caudal ramus of another specimen, ventral. seta IV on left side and seta V on right side omitted. Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure11"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555768"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">11E</figureCitation>
<tableCitationid="5FB32186EF3A78DF6B8DA1CC9390ED39"captionStart="Table 3"captionStartId="T3"captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
<figureCitationid="DCA03DC78CF931B3D23C619F35CFEC79"captionStart="Figure 11"captionStartId="F11"captionText="Figure 11. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, male (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta on left side of P 5 - bearing somite missing) B urosome, dorsal (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) C urosome, ventral, ventrolateral lobes on P 5 - bearing somite arrowed (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) D maxilliped, anterior E antennule F P 5 exopod and outer basal seta, lateral G Anal somite and caudal ramus of another specimen, ventral. seta IV on left side and seta V on right side omitted. Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure11"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555768"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">11D</figureCitation>
<tableCitationid="E2F2F868AD0BB84FCE42BFEA3A9F48DC"captionStart="Table 4"captionStartId="T4"captionText="Table 4. Variation in proportional spine lengths on P 2 - P 4 for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations of the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait, n = number of specimens measured) Abbreviations: DS = distal spine; L = length; MS = middle spine; ODS = outer distal spine; OSDS = outer subdistal spine; PS = proximal spine; SP = spine; W = width."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C31DA3DB9644D3B1EF4CFC460518BFD1"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"tableUuid="C31DA3DB9644D3B1EF4CFC460518BFD1">4</tableCitation>
, values of equatorial Pacific fall within the range of females, but proportional lengths of exopodal spines on P2 and P4 from Korea Strait larger than those of females.
<figureCitationid="BB07A3F18ABBCB753FDA032FAEAAF468"captionStart="Figure 11"captionStartId="F11"captionText="Figure 11. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, male (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta on left side of P 5 - bearing somite missing) B urosome, dorsal (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) C urosome, ventral, ventrolateral lobes on P 5 - bearing somite arrowed (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) D maxilliped, anterior E antennule F P 5 exopod and outer basal seta, lateral G Anal somite and caudal ramus of another specimen, ventral. seta IV on left side and seta V on right side omitted. Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure11"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555768"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">11F</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="AB17288B57725A42347743B91080BC81"captionStart="Figure 11"captionStartId="F11"captionText="Figure 11. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, male (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta on left side of P 5 - bearing somite missing) B urosome, dorsal (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) C urosome, ventral, ventrolateral lobes on P 5 - bearing somite arrowed (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) D maxilliped, anterior E antennule F P 5 exopod and outer basal seta, lateral G Anal somite and caudal ramus of another specimen, ventral. seta IV on left side and seta V on right side omitted. Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure11"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555768"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">11C</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="615506FB7CA16E4AD34D629B6FDC2747"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"author="Boettger-Schnack, R"journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"pagination="187 - 226"refId="B5"refString="Boettger-Schnack, R, 2003. Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi -group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2): 187 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"title="Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi - group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution."url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"volume="137"year="2003">
which differed in geographical distribution. The typical form appeared in the entire Red Sea and in the northern Arabian Sea, while the elongate form was found in the Mediterranean Sea and in the NW Pacific (Kuroshio Extension); specimens from the NE Pacific (Monterey), on the other hand, showed intermediate values between both forms. In the present study, females from the NE equatorial Pacific also displayed intermediate values in morphological characters between the two forms of
, which are as follows: (1) the length to width ratio of the genital double-somite has a wide range (1.8-2.3), including values of both form types; (2) the position of the genital apertures is at 2/5 of distance from the anterior margin as in the elongate form (from the Adriatic Sea); (3) the basal seta on P4 is more similar to the typical Red Sea form, reaching as far as the middle of the distal exopod segment, whereas this seta is much longer in the elongate form (from the Adriatic Sea), reaching beyond the tip of the distal spine on the exopod segment (cf.
<bibRefCitationid="F7D1E327BE556F67767AA0228D131962"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"author="Boettger-Schnack, R"journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"pagination="187 - 226"refId="B5"refString="Boettger-Schnack, R, 2003. Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi -group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2): 187 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"title="Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi - group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution."url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"volume="137"year="2003">
: fig. 16C); (4) the outer basal seta on P5 reaching as far as 4/5 the distance from the anterior margin of the genital double-somite in our Pacific specimens, but extending almost beyond the posterior margin of the genital double-somite in the elongate form (from the Adriatic Sea), (5) the length to width ratio of the caudal ramus measured along inner or outer margin in our specimens (1.8-2.5 or 2.3-2.9
) at least for ratio of the outer margin, and the range of values corresponds approximately to those of the elongate form from the Adriatic Sea (1.8-2.4 or 2.2-2.6
<bibRefCitationid="8F2DC34CC8A8109742026DE3AA42F6A2"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"author="Boettger-Schnack, R"journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"pagination="187 - 226"refId="B5"refString="Boettger-Schnack, R, 2003. Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi -group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2): 187 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"title="Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi - group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution."url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"volume="137"year="2003">
mainly by some details such as: (1) (1a) on the syncoxa of the maxilla and (1b) on the proximal element of the maxilliped; (2) short spinule(s) on the inner margin of bases on P2 and P3; (3) ornamentation with few minute spinules along the medial margin of CR seta III; and (4) variable number of midventral spinous processes on the P5-bearing somite.
account. When compared to the typical form from the Red Sea, specimens from the equatorial Pacific are similar in morphology, except for some minor differences including (1) the length to width ratio of the genital somite, which is longer than in our specimens (1.8-2.0
the length of seta IV in the Red Sea specimens. Also, the number of paired midventral spinous processes on the P5-bearing somite differs, showing only two processes in the Pacific, as compared to three processes in the Red Sea specimens. However, as the male specimen from the Korea Strait also showed three paired processes (not figured), and differences among individuals of
females (two or three processes) were apparent, this ornamentation seems to be due to individual variation, and cannot be regarded as a regional difference.
<bibRefCitationid="B56F831DE5CCE9785A20E39868BB1E2B"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"author="Boettger-Schnack, R"journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"pagination="187 - 226"refId="B5"refString="Boettger-Schnack, R, 2003. Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi -group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2): 187 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"title="Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi - group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution."url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"volume="137"year="2003">
from the Red Sea and the Adriatic Sea (e.g., the proportional lengths of the genital somite and the caudal rami), but the determination of an elongate male appeared to be ambiguous. In our case, the above mentioned two characters are intermediate between the typical form (from the Red Sea) and the elongate form (from the Adriatic Sea) and the range of these values could be perceived as a variation among individuals (cf. Table
<tableCitationid="CC714594C9F2D5AEB7B40BCB8B17A79D"captionStart="Table 3"captionStartId="T3"captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
from the Korea Strait (not figured) seemed to be similar to the elongate form from the Adriatic Sea, as it differed from specimens from the equatorial Pacific specimens in the following characters (Table
<tableCitationid="F322F075DB0A5F4B27D11F74FEA16009"captionStart="Table 3"captionStartId="T3"captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
; (2) the genital somite being slightly longer than in the equatorial Pacific, with a length to width ratio of 2.0:1; (3) the length to width ratio of the caudal rami being greater/higher (inner 2.4
<tableCitationid="17CBE2777259A2CF004FB5D72EFC65B3"captionStart="Table 3"captionStartId="T3"captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
longer than wide; and (5) the outer basal seta on P5 reaching the posterior margin of the genital somite. In summary, the observed variation of features for
in the Pacific indicates that the previously described form types of this species are not clearly separated; however, distinct form types may occur due to regionally reduced ranges of variation in the morphological details described here.
<bibRefCitationid="BFBE25FE296F0A86015697F65382C746"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"author="Boettger-Schnack, R"journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"pagination="187 - 226"refId="B5"refString="Boettger-Schnack, R, 2003. Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi -group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2): 187 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"title="Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi - group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution."url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x"volume="137"year="2003">
elongate form, generally). Further morphometric differences between females of the two species may be found in (3) the proportional lengths of caudal setae III: II, which is smaller in
) and (4) the length ratio between the distal spine and distal exopod segment on P2-P4, with the distal spine being almost equal in length to the distal segment in
<tableCitationid="2E0CA15D15B5594356A2A87412B149C3"captionStart="Table 4"captionStartId="T4"captionText="Table 4. Variation in proportional spine lengths on P 2 - P 4 for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations of the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait, n = number of specimens measured) Abbreviations: DS = distal spine; L = length; MS = middle spine; ODS = outer distal spine; OSDS = outer subdistal spine; PS = proximal spine; SP = spine; W = width."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C31DA3DB9644D3B1EF4CFC460518BFD1"pageId="0"pageNumber="147"tableUuid="C31DA3DB9644D3B1EF4CFC460518BFD1">4</tableCitation>
). Further minor differences between the two species are found in the patterns of the ornamentation on the ventral surface of the genital double-somite, as the elongate form of
<figureCitationid="306B6600E8C61AEE1A1DB2532645A3AD"captionStart="Figure 7"captionStartId="F7"captionText="Figure 7. Spinoncaea ivlevi (Shmeleva, 1966), female, elongate form, general (northwestern equatorial Pacific) A urosome, dorsal, caudal seta V on both sides missing; elongate form, aberrant (northeastern equatorial Pacific) B P 4 - bearing somite and urosome, ventral, showing ornamentation on P 4 and P 5 - bearing somites and genital double-somite, ventrolateral lobes arrowed, caudal seta V on left side missing C P 5 - bearing somite and genital double-somite, lateral, showing 2 long setules on ventral side of double-somite, midventral spinous process and ventrolateral lobe arrowed. Spinoncaea ivlevi (Shmeleva, 1966), female, robust form, variation, (northwestern equatorial Pacific) D setular patch on tip of cephalosome, dorsal E setular patch on cephalosome, lateral. Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure7"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555764"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">7B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="74E88149279E5F48AC1D9B102B907274"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="F8"captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765"pageId="0"pageNumber="147">8E</figureCitation>
