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187 lines
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<mods:title id="D8904646BBA19E85636EAB7E9ED1069B">Sea cucumbers of the genus Stichopus Brandt, 1835 (Holothuroidea, Stichopodidae) in Straits of Malacca with description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DBFA6CF1A4AB5BAF531D2C149EF9168C">Woo, Sau Pinn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ED484D427BEA4224E21C4BA514C2EC41">Yasin, Zulfigar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E678555D0A3F9DEC862DD0C4EC3A78C2">Tan, Shau Hwai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AED51EAFE83EDFEA772DC37B2D0B9A31">Kajihara, Hiroshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8CE4BDF88E72D5F9EE2273F58CE37B84">Fujita, Toshihiko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5956E058AEA1F80355511E23DAD25940">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="588004E9EBA85748B52C19D3C4E916BD">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="1B6AD2E87F1DA8BA2A415B702F386A2C" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="12FE355756094A21E94DAA6AC3AD2B30">545</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="B7B55748045CF74430D9B81A423B2E31">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="F41D6FADA6EEC4CB1937EE4FDBD40468">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3AD9A7ACFD12590BCACD38D6F7D31283" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="267AD88E8577AB6482FBB81877A270AB" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-545-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A6997C588D27E3A175FF40C3A306176B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127899762" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A6997C588D27E3A175FF40C3A306176B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A6997C588D27E3A175FF40C3A306176B" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection id="16C31293963125C7A7B40C6F6590F219" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="CFBC9A5F7CA223D2E1644FC6D228A4F2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Taxon classification Animalia Aspidochirotida Stichopodidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A03C650050FD019AA342E478F4261B8D" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="ED65F74E419E50E87BCFF1D5195D2971" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="28BBEA1499872B256DD2EE1701AA8AF0" ID-CoL="52JBN" authority="Sluiter, 1887" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1887" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus vastus" order="Synallactida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vastus">Stichopus vastus Sluiter, 1887</taxonomicName>
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Figs 8, 9
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4AF8A7DA08503CFEC7F5042E4E0E87B2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="4B3FED1BA4C655AAC24033DC73134CEC" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="536703B0C6194B15F4791A154822150C" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus vastus" order="Synallactida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vastus">
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<pageBreakToken id="AF777F435D52C2B7F8A94BB025851062" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">Stichopus</pageBreakToken>
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vastus
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</taxonomicName>
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Sluiter, 1887: 198, pl. 2, figs 46-48;
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<bibRefCitation id="81356AC1161238F5FF6978100D4EEAAE" author="Rowe, FWE" editor="Wells, A" journalOrPublisher="CSIRO Publishing, Clayton" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" title="Zoological Catalogue of Australia" year="1995">Rowe and Gates 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 326;
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<bibRefCitation id="92E3B40B12D9A9744B0C524FECEAC090" author="Massin, C" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="4 - 144" title="Reef-dwelling Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) of the Spermonde Archipelago (South-West Sulawesi, Indonesia)." volume="329" year="1999">Massin 1999</bibRefCitation>
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: 71, figs 57
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<normalizedToken id="9D63AB9FFD3904B42383715B3F6CF384" originalValue="a–l">a-l</normalizedToken>
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, 58
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<normalizedToken id="44C855CE7E3CC32CC9268D0ECD2CA74E" originalValue="a–m">a-m</normalizedToken>
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, 29
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<normalizedToken id="4CD31FF61891E2D720C85E86A71FD571" originalValue="a–g">a-g</normalizedToken>
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, 60
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<normalizedToken id="13420338842D3FCDD428F01884C222A5" originalValue="a–d">a-d</normalizedToken>
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, 61, 112d,e;
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<bibRefCitation id="FA9EAD7928C5B8D2803D8B86A59AF644" author="James, DB" journalOrPublisher="Marine Fisheries Information, Service, Technical and Extension Series" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="12 - 15" title="On little known holothurian Stichopusvastus Sluiter with notes on the other Stichopus from the seas around India." volume="158" year="1998">James 1998</bibRefCitation>
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: 13, fig. 1;
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<bibRefCitation id="E203F93A2E3D3FF6DA76D3D4E6652C67" author="Massin, C" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Biologie" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="73 - 99" title="The genus Stichopus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the Johore Marine Park (Malaysia) with the description of two new species." volume="72" year="2002">Massin et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
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: 92, pl. 2E, F, figs 12, 13.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="03A8F0B582518934E38472B879F138FF" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="BA914554AAFAAEC71CA2E5E0278B2219" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus" order="Synallactida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Stichopus</taxonomicName>
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spec;
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<bibRefCitation id="C968390F6C1CE0F5B9EDB78A11A94C18" author="Colin, PL" journalOrPublisher="A field guide to the marine invertabrates occurring on tropical pacific coral reefs, seagrass beds and mangroves, Beverly Hills, Coral Reef Press" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" title="Tropical pacific invertabrates." year="1995">Colin and Arneson 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 262, fig. 1242;
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<bibRefCitation id="754D1F986BB5AD38FFD939ED5537711C" author="Gosliner, TM" journalOrPublisher="Sea challengers, Monterey" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 314" title="Animal life from Africa to Hawaii exclusive of the vertebrates." volumeTitle="Coral Reef Animal of the Indo-Pacific" year="1996">Gosliner et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
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: 282, fig. 1039.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3BBD2C83F4DBBCB41D93CE44B8C8923D" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4FB517045EE5FD980255AE7F65B4659D" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus variegatus" order="Synallactida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variegatus">Stichopus " variegatus "</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="CB8EDED8E9BFCAEDB2F2D90BF83C2881" author="Colin, PL" journalOrPublisher="A field guide to the marine invertabrates occurring on tropical pacific coral reefs, seagrass beds and mangroves, Beverly Hills, Coral Reef Press" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" title="Tropical pacific invertabrates." year="1995">Colin and Arneson 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 262, fig. 1240.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6A1DFC5F6FEF6389F56424E358C3EC58" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="E3D120C1B2EBAB6E286DE005B04FF389" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B6E66303008DEAB19C955D1F36B0AB24" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">One specimen, USM/MSL/PLAN001.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AD23AA165204C96AC050A40F7DA5A0F2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="type locality">
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<paragraph id="EC9E21112CA6C4E820EB5EA2D303374D" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FD226AB19DA69463D0AAA90EB63D34F8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Java, Indonesia.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3336ED13D1AE6638C3033F37025339F6" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
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<paragraph id="31D0CEBD09631EA5EFFDBFB3AD21626C" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="73A57DE8EBC2010C4FB1FD9A3D15A087" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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External morphology: Body slightly quadrangular in cross-section, without distinct edges. Body surface smooth and tough. Black deep depression lines on dorsal body; dorsal background brown colour with numerous darker brown strips transverse and encircles the base of papillae. Two rows of large papillae with very low protrusion on dorsal body. Tube feet only in ambulacral areas; median tube feet twice wider than those in other two ambulacral areas; narrow interambulacral areas clearly
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<pageBreakToken id="0D1DDB07776C6CBAFEFA9A0F5648965F" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">separates</pageBreakToken>
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each ambulacrum area. Reddish brown background colour on ventral side with lighter yellowish-brown on interambulacral areas. Ventral mouth with 18-20 peltate tentacles surrounded by ring of minute papillae at oral opening (Fig. 8).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="17EF5F9D13CC962A1E385E93FFFAF8E7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<paragraph id="7960DA4F832D65DC3B4711218374C4D8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Figure 8.
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<taxonomicName id="F423993DB6A5E59F5790BB010550CEA9" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus vastus" order="Synallactida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vastus">Stichopus vastus</taxonomicName>
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Sluiter, 1887 (USM/MSL/PLAN001), dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="7254418F8E8F6D53B2BB748BA242976A" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<pageBreakToken id="4BD1313E9D9E3CDE71AC19A63BF94B36" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="start">Spicule</pageBreakToken>
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: Tables, C-shaped rod, and rosette spicules present in dorsal body (Fig. 9
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<normalizedToken id="9D381231CCF853E3D2094F2FEFD02671" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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). Tables in dorsal body with large quadrangular base, four central perforations, and 15-27 smaller peripheral holes; four pillars forming spire from the central of the base with a cross beam connecting them; tip of pillars with multiple thorny spines (Fig. 9A). Reduced tables in dorsal body having similar structure to the base of tables but lack pillars; slightly raised surface on the central (Fig. 9D). Spicule of papillae consists of tables, reduced tables, C-shaped rods, rosettes, and perforated plates (Fig. 9
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<normalizedToken id="E80D20AC1F80EE7B9D7D12B3AB56013B" originalValue="I–M">I-M</normalizedToken>
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). Tables in papillae similar to those in dorsal body; some with larger thorns on pillar apexes (Fig. 9I). Some C-shaped rods were modified liken S-shaped rods with protrusion at the middle body (Fig. 9K). In ventral tube feet, centrally-perforated rods, perforated plates, tables, and C-shaped rods (Fig. 9
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<normalizedToken id="51B1731F6F19AA5C79D2EFA18300B995" originalValue="E–H">E-H</normalizedToken>
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) present. Centrally-perforated rods in tube feet have conspicuous large central plate and multiple perforations of different sizes; surface rough and covered with spinelets (Fig. E). Oval- to square-shaped perforated plates; rim were not smooth and jagged (Fig. 9F). Tables in tube feet have small base disc with four main central holes and 5-8 peripheral holes; four pillars erected from central of base with thorny crowns on the tip, but do not extend out of base (Fig. 9G). Small C-shaped rods in tube feet (Fig. 9H). Spicules of tentacles consists of rods, perforated plates, tables, and C-shaped rods (Fig. 9
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<normalizedToken id="AE9A083D66DBD721783B024919C2459D" originalValue="N–Q">N-Q</normalizedToken>
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). Curved rods in tentacles in multiple different sizes; rough surface covered with spinelets especially dense at both ends. Perforated plates in tentacles spiny, rough surface covered with spinelets; some likens dichotomous rods (Fig. 9M). Tables and C-shaped rods in tentacles similar to ones found in the papillae (Fig. 9O, Q).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="4461A2AEA0F0F99060C2F5B80E64869A" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<paragraph id="F0BA4704ED4947B43C3C1EBDF879524E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Figure 9. Spicules of
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<taxonomicName id="1A223ABE5AD0749186629F6B9C50E6E1" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus vastus" order="Synallactida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vastus">Stichopus vastus</taxonomicName>
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Sluiter, 1887 (USM/MSL/PLAN001). A Large tables from the dorsal body wall B rosettes from the dorsal body wall C C-shaped rods from the dorsal body wall D reduced tables from the dorsal body wall E rods with large perforated central plate from the tube feet F multiperforated plates from the tube feet G tables from the tube feet H C-shaped rods from the tube feet I tables from the dorsal papillae J large reduced tables from the dorsal papillae K C-shaped and S-shaped rods from the dorsal papillae L rosettes found from the dorsal papillae M large perforated plates from the dorsal papillae N rods from the tentacles O C-shaped rods from the tentacles Q tables from the tentacles.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D65986E9D0A717019E8509689754778F" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="FD79D7DFBB90AAA24E0642C681C903CB" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A4FFA482DD1370C0833CA35BC8ED095F" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="F6177887766FC8EDA6DC059713963CFB" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus vastus" order="Synallactida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vastus">Stichopus vastus</taxonomicName>
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is the only species in
|
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<taxonomicName id="800F8F6FEEFED10577C3884267C0948B" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus" order="Synallactida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Stichopus</taxonomicName>
|
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that have elaborate reticulated stripes covering the dorsal body with different density and intensity (Fig. 8).
|
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<bibRefCitation id="1E0D3A16C7C9451517695B599E2E976B" author="Massin, C" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="4 - 144" title="Reef-dwelling Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) of the Spermonde Archipelago (South-West Sulawesi, Indonesia)." volume="329" year="1999">Massin (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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and
|
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<bibRefCitation id="3706EE411857C27F909F2E1ECC0620A7" author="Massin, C" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Biologie" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="73 - 99" title="The genus Stichopus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the Johore Marine Park (Malaysia) with the description of two new species." volume="72" year="2002">Massin et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
demonstrated this coloration varies for specimens from across different localities. The black transverse line in the area between bulges is also unique to this species.
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C5F02AD9F85987B9E92EA693FE95EDC0" author="Massin, C" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Biologie" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="73 - 99" title="The genus Stichopus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the Johore Marine Park (Malaysia) with the description of two new species." volume="72" year="2002">Massin et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
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mentioned S-shaped rods were found in the dorsal body in small specimens, and the absent in larger specimens (>160 mm in body length). C-shaped rods in the tentacles of the present specimens were also mentioned by
|
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|
<bibRefCitation id="041D6B692681BC0D683E26C558F8210B" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
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|
|
Cherbonnier and
|
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|
<normalizedToken id="13C4ABF294D1E30570A720062654B620" originalValue="Féral">Feral</normalizedToken>
|
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|
|
(1984)
|
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|
</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
|
but not by
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="3AD46FC76D8A8D8A85D3FE8EA25EAE7A" author="Massin, C" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="4 - 144" title="Reef-dwelling Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) of the Spermonde Archipelago (South-West Sulawesi, Indonesia)." volume="329" year="1999">Massin (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
|
and
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="74E64289D7A3A0374C1D760A3247CCEF" author="Massin, C" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Biologie" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="73 - 99" title="The genus Stichopus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the Johore Marine Park (Malaysia) with the description of two new species." volume="72" year="2002">Massin et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
. Prominent large perforated plates found in the dorsal papillae have not been reported from this species and they look like dichotomous branching rods found in the tentacles.
|
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|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="13F905BFDBC3E3C1ECE9A2D6AF2B9A8D" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
|
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|
|
<paragraph id="7A659EEDC5E178B1DC3B410B0084BD10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
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|
|
<paragraph id="3AC59B4CDB0F8E29010D08FE15380727" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
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|
|
Indian Ocean, Andaman Islands, South China Sea, Indonesia, Thailand, Flores Sea, Great Barrier Reef Australia, Micronesia, Palau, Papua New Guinea (
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="7E23E54FFA79611CCD283ACF5F6C6BD7" author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" title="Monograph of Shallow-water Indo-West Pacific Echinoderms." year="1971">Clark and Rowe 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="91C9246EBC47C6134D3058AC26B9C8DD" author="Massin, C" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Biologie" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="73 - 99" title="The genus Stichopus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the Johore Marine Park (Malaysia) with the description of two new species." volume="72" year="2002">Massin et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
|
).
|
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|
|
</paragraph>
|
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|
|
</subSubSection>
|
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|
|
</treatment>
|
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</document>
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