treatments-xml/data/A0/3F/B5/A03FB5117803AD7CFF6034596E86FA07.xml

<document id="26F5ECFF71DF35DE9E93E83A317B98AA" ID-CLB-Dataset="5645" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.115.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="aa270dae-656e-49a7-b237-a34a9dbc27da" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5079009" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625660355177" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Lee, Sylvia S., Tobias, Franco A. C. &amp; Vijver, Bart Van De" docDate="2013" docId="A03FB5117803AD7CFF6034596E86FA07" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytotaxa.115.1.15-24.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 115 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.115.1.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:13F189B31CB4CCCE9197361A4E100104.3:Phytotaxa.2011-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="13F189B31CB4CCCE9197361A4E100104" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2011-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Envekadea metzeltinii Lee &amp; Tobias &amp; Vijver 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="5C06CD697800AD78FFF735706C79FFD0" masterDocTitle="Envekadea metzeltinii sp. nov., a new diatom (Bacillariophyta) species from the subtropical karstic wetlands of the Florida Everglades, U. S. A." masterLastPageNumber="24" masterPageNumber="15" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1699026494659" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="4632699939F6A4CAAB3FD8C6122A680A">Envekadea metzeltinii sp. nov., a new diatom (Bacillariophyta) species from the subtropical karstic wetlands of the Florida Everglades, U. S. A.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="28B27A62BC2B31875A57444F190E250A">Lee, Sylvia S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2F2B9320459C1DC7D254DACA82AF9409">Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, U. S. A. E-mail: Sylvia. lee 1 @ fiu. edu, author for correspondence</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2B5FFB0088DC2F82077DE4DF387A4114">Tobias, Franco A. C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="97776CB4CE09AED34239D03EF0FB1EE9">Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3E23C12BEC816D8F6CB25D6DBC02AF78">Vijver, Bart Van De</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="451B20EF595F4976EC19D3B97566DC0D">National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Department of Bryophyta &amp; Thallophyta, Domein van Bouchout, B- 1860 Meise, Belgium University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, ECOBE, Universiteitsplein 1, B- 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="EF967F847803AD7BFF6034596DD8FE93" authority="Lee &amp; Tobias &amp; Vijver, 2013" authorityName="Lee &amp; Tobias &amp; Vijver" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,417,297,323]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Envekadea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="metzeltinii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1AE2D8157803AD7BFF6034596DD8FE93" bold="true" box="[151,417,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Envekadea metzeltinii</emphasis>
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(
<figureCitation id="B0AD18827803AD7BFDE734596EFEFE93" box="[528,647,297,323]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 2–7" captionStart-1="FIGURES 8–12" captionStart-2="FIGURES 13–15" captionStartId-0="3.[151,258,1782,1803]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,258,1836,1857]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,258,1420,1441]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,767,1761]" captionTargetBox-1="[167,1427,187,1818]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,191,1398]" captionTargetId-0="figure-277@3.[151,1436,767,1761]" captionTargetId-1="figure-148@5.[167,1427,187,1818]" captionTargetId-2="figure-228@6.[151,1436,191,1398]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 2–7: Envekadea metzeltinii. LM images. Fig 2: Specimen from Water Conservation Area 3A, Florida, U.S.A. (25°52.761, -80°41.476) collected by F. Tobias on November 17, 2009 (refer to Fig. 1). Figs 3–7: Specimens from holotype material. Scale bar represents 10 µm." captionText-1="FIGURES 8–12: Envekadea metzeltinii. SEM images. Fig. 8: External view of an entire valve showing wide variability in size and shape of the areolae and the sigmoid course of the raphe. Fig. 9: Detail of external central area showing the proximal raphe endings, terminating in a depression, bordered by four slightly raised plates. The arrow highlights the raised nodule. Fig. 10: Detail of external valve apex showing irregularly-shaped areolae with short silica outgrowths inside. Fig. 11: Detail of the distal raphe fissure and enlarged hyaline zone. Fig 12: Detail of external valve mantle showing uninterrupted striae and a narrow hyaline area near mantle edge. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Fig. 8 and 1 µm in Figs 9–12." captionText-2="FIGURES 13–15: Envekadea metzeltinii. SEM images. Fig. 13: Internal view of valve showing axial costae and unoccluded areolae. Fig. 14: Detail of internal central area showing slight widening of axial costae. Fig. 15: Detail of internal valve apex showing divergence of axial costae and simple helictoglossae. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Fig. 13 and 1 µm in Figs 14–15." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079013" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079017" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079019" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5079013/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5079017/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5079019/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Figs 2–15</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="1AE2D8157803AD7BFF60343F6CAEFEB7" bold="true" box="[151,215,335,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Type:</emphasis>
— 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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25°28.935, -81°2.907, sample 
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865 1 19, leg. 
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, coll. date 3 
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, slide no. BR-4310 (
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of 
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), slide no. PLP-225 (isotype 
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, 
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), 
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(isotype 
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Academy of 
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of Philadelphia, 
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, U.S.A.)
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="282904077803AD7BFF6034806EE7FD1B" blockId="3.[151,1436,496,715]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
Frustules rectangular in girdle view. Valves linear with almost parallel margins, slightly gibbous in the central part, and broadly rounded apices. Valve length 
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, valve width 
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. Axial area narrow, linear. Central area almost absent. Raphe sigmoidal with small, straight proximal raphe endings. Distal raphe fissures are hooked, ‘golf club–like’, towards opposite sides widening to their ends. Transapical striae radiate throughout, weakly geniculate, 
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. Complex pattern of shortened central striae present. Near the apices, clear shift in stria orientation visible.
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<emphasis id="1AE2D8157803AD7BFF6033866D4DF8DB" bold="true" box="[151,308,1782,1803]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">FIGURES 2–7:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EF967F847803AD7BFECD33866E74F8DB" authorityName="Lee &amp; Tobias &amp; Vijver" authorityYear="2013" box="[314,525,1782,1803]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Envekadea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="metzeltinii">
<emphasis id="1AE2D8157803AD7BFECD33866E74F8DB" box="[314,525,1782,1803]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Envekadea metzeltinii</emphasis>
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. LM images. Fig 2: Specimen from Water Conservation Area 3A, Florida, U.S.A. (25°52.761, -80°41.476) collected by F. Tobias on November 17, 2009 (refer to Fig. 1). Figs 3–7: Specimens from holotype material. Scale bar represents 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<emphasis id="1AE2D8157803AD7BFF3132056E75F85F" bold="true" box="[198,524,1909,1935]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Ecology and Distribution:</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName id="EF967F847803AD7BFDD032056F53F85E" authorityName="Lee &amp; Tobias &amp; Vijver" authorityYear="2013" box="[551,810,1909,1934]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Envekadea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="metzeltinii">
<emphasis id="1AE2D8157803AD7BFDD032056F53F85E" box="[551,810,1909,1934]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Envekadea metzeltinii</emphasis>
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has so far been found in Florida (Everglades coastal marine and brackish wetlands), 
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(
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) and 
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(
<bibRefCitation id="4C0779F67803AD7BFC3932EC68EFF866" author="Hein, M. K. &amp; Winsborough, B. M. &amp; Sullivan, M. J." box="[974,1174,1948,1974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 303" refId="ref5147" refString="Hein, M. K., Winsborough, B. M. &amp; Sullivan, M. J. (2008) Bacillariophyta (diatoms) of the Bahamas. Iconographia Diatomologica 19: 1 - 303." type="journal article" year="2008">
Hein 
<emphasis id="1AE2D8157803AD7BFBE632EC6834F865" box="[1041,1101,1948,1973]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
2008
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). The new 
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<emphasis id="1AE2D8157803AD7BFAED32EC69E2F865" box="[1306,1435,1948,1973]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Envekadea</emphasis>
species
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was present in low numbers (&lt;1% relative abundance) in a brackish location with 3900 µS cm 
<superScript id="DFE3A94F7803AD7BFA7C32B269E5F800" attach="right" box="[1419,1436,1986,2000]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">–1</superScript>
conductivity, 6.5 pH, and 
<quantity id="EF6EA9E27804AD7CFE0C35EA6E3FFF64" box="[507,582,154,180]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="270.0">270 µ</quantity>
g g 
<superScript id="DFE3A94F7804AD7CFD8335E86EFFFF76" attach="left" box="[628,646,152,166]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">– 1</superScript>
total phosphorus. Accompanying taxa include 
<taxonomicName id="EF967F847804AD7CFAFB35EB6D02FF0A" authorityName="Van de Vijver, Gligora, Hinz, Kralj &amp; Cocquyt" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Hustedt" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Envekadea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="pseudocrassirostris">
<emphasis id="1AE2D8157804AD7CFAFB35EB6D02FF0A" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Envekadea pseudocrassirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="1AE2D8157804AD7CFE7C35B16822FF0A" box="[395,1115,193,218]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="EF967F847804AD7CFE7C35B16ED0FF0A" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot" authorityYear="1993" box="[395,681,193,218]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="synegrotesca">Fragilaria synegrotesca</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EF967F847804AD7CFD4135B16FBBFF0A" box="[694,962,193,218]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Mastogloia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata">Mastogloia lanceolata</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EF967F847804AD7CFC3935B16822FF0A" authorityName="S.S.Lee, E.E.Gaiser, B.Van de Vijver, M.B.Edlund &amp; S.A.Spaulding" authorityYear="2014" box="[974,1115,193,218]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Mastogloia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="calcarea">M. calcarea</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(Lee 
<emphasis id="1AE2D8157804AD7CFB5635B168A4FF0A" box="[1185,1245,193,218]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
submitted), and 
<taxonomicName id="EF967F847804AD7CFF6035986DF4FED1" box="[151,397,232,257]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="oblongella">
<emphasis id="1AE2D8157804AD7CFF6035986DF4FED1" box="[151,397,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Diploneis oblongella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="608C578C7804AD7CFF31347E6E86FA07" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="282904077804AD7CFF31347E68C7FE9F" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,1495]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="1AE2D8157804AD7CFF31347E6D2EFEF8" bold="true" box="[198,343,270,296]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Etymology:</emphasis>
—The species is named in honor of our dear colleague and friend Mr. Ditmar Metzeltin (Hofheim, 
<collectingCountry id="508144977804AD7CFEE034456DFFFE9F" box="[279,390,309,335]" name="Germany" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Germany</collectingCountry>
) who was the first to recognize the peculiar nature of the new species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="282904077804AD7CFF31342B6DC8FA5A" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,1495]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="1AE2D8157804AD7CFF31342B6D0FFEA5" bold="true" box="[198,374,347,373]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Observations:</emphasis>
— 
<emphasis id="1AE2D8157804AD7CFE66342C6DC3FEA5" box="[401,442,348,373]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">LM</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="B0AD18827804AD7CFE3D342C6E4EFEA6" box="[458,567,348,374]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–7" captionStartId="3.[151,258,1782,1803]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,767,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-277@3.[151,1436,767,1761]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–7: Envekadea metzeltinii. LM images. Fig 2: Specimen from Water Conservation Area 3A, Florida, U.S.A. (25°52.761, -80°41.476) collected by F. Tobias on November 17, 2009 (refer to Fig. 1). Figs 3–7: Specimens from holotype material. Scale bar represents 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5079013/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Figs 2–7</figureCitation>
): Valves linear with parallel margins. Central valve part gibbous in larger specimens, slightly convex in smaller valves. Valve dimensions (n=20): length 
<quantity id="EF6EA9E27804AD7CFBA534F268B6FE4C" box="[1106,1231,386,412]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="50.5" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="31.0">31–70 µm</quantity>
; width 
<quantity id="EF6EA9E27804AD7CFADE34F269EEFE4C" box="[1321,1431,386,412]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="8.0">8–11 µm</quantity>
, length:width 3.5–6.5 (
<tableCitation id="651431BC7804AD7CFE6E34D96D8DFE13" box="[409,500,425,451]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,241,1546,1570]" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphological measurements of Envekadea species in the Everglades, Florida, U.S.A. and the Yucatan, Mexico. Mean values in parentheses." pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Axial area narrow, less than 1/9 of the total valve width, linear, widening very slightly near the central area. Two ribs bordering the axial area clearly visible. Central area almost nonexistent. Fascia always absent. Raphe filiform, branches straight with weakly expanded, straight proximal raphe endings. Distal raphe fissures ‘golf club-like’, i.e., hooked towards opposite sides widening to their ends. Transapical striae slightly geniculate and clearly radiate, equidistant throughout the entire valve, 
<quantity id="EF6EA9E27804AD7CFAA537346CBAFD54" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="18.5" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="18.0">18–19 µm</quantity>
. In the central area, several irregularly shortened striae inserted in the normal striation pattern. Near the apices, a sudden shift in stria orientation present. Several very short striae inserted near the axial area. Areolae weakly discernible. 
<emphasis id="1AE2D8157804AD7CFE7637C86DC3FD01" box="[385,442,696,721]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">SEM</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="B0AD18827804AD7CFE3E37C86E45FD02" box="[457,572,696,722]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 8–12" captionStart-1="FIGURES 13–15" captionStartId-0="5.[151,258,1836,1857]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,258,1420,1441]" captionTargetBox-0="[167,1427,187,1818]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,191,1398]" captionTargetId-0="figure-148@5.[167,1427,187,1818]" captionTargetId-1="figure-228@6.[151,1436,191,1398]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 8–12: Envekadea metzeltinii. SEM images. Fig. 8: External view of an entire valve showing wide variability in size and shape of the areolae and the sigmoid course of the raphe. Fig. 9: Detail of external central area showing the proximal raphe endings, terminating in a depression, bordered by four slightly raised plates. The arrow highlights the raised nodule. Fig. 10: Detail of external valve apex showing irregularly-shaped areolae with short silica outgrowths inside. Fig. 11: Detail of the distal raphe fissure and enlarged hyaline zone. Fig 12: Detail of external valve mantle showing uninterrupted striae and a narrow hyaline area near mantle edge. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Fig. 8 and 1 µm in Figs 9–12." captionText-1="FIGURES 13–15: Envekadea metzeltinii. SEM images. Fig. 13: Internal view of valve showing axial costae and unoccluded areolae. Fig. 14: Detail of internal central area showing slight widening of axial costae. Fig. 15: Detail of internal valve apex showing divergence of axial costae and simple helictoglossae. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Fig. 13 and 1 µm in Figs 14–15." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079017" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079019" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5079017/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5079019/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Figs 8-15</figureCitation>
): Striae uniseriate, composed of areolae showing a wide variability in size and shape (
<figureCitation id="B0AD18827804AD7CFEEE37AF6DC2FD29" box="[281,443,735,761]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–12" captionStartId="5.[151,258,1836,1857]" captionTargetBox="[167,1427,187,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-148@5.[167,1427,187,1818]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 8–12: Envekadea metzeltinii. SEM images. Fig. 8: External view of an entire valve showing wide variability in size and shape of the areolae and the sigmoid course of the raphe. Fig. 9: Detail of external central area showing the proximal raphe endings, terminating in a depression, bordered by four slightly raised plates. The arrow highlights the raised nodule. Fig. 10: Detail of external valve apex showing irregularly-shaped areolae with short silica outgrowths inside. Fig. 11: Detail of the distal raphe fissure and enlarged hyaline zone. Fig 12: Detail of external valve mantle showing uninterrupted striae and a narrow hyaline area near mantle edge. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Fig. 8 and 1 µm in Figs 9–12." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5079017/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Figs 8, 10, 11</figureCitation>
). Most areolae apically elongated, rectangular (
<figureCitation id="B0AD18827804AD7CFC1337AF6842FD29" box="[996,1083,735,761]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–12" captionStartId="5.[151,258,1836,1857]" captionTargetBox="[167,1427,187,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-148@5.[167,1427,187,1818]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 8–12: Envekadea metzeltinii. SEM images. Fig. 8: External view of an entire valve showing wide variability in size and shape of the areolae and the sigmoid course of the raphe. Fig. 9: Detail of external central area showing the proximal raphe endings, terminating in a depression, bordered by four slightly raised plates. The arrow highlights the raised nodule. Fig. 10: Detail of external valve apex showing irregularly-shaped areolae with short silica outgrowths inside. Fig. 11: Detail of the distal raphe fissure and enlarged hyaline zone. Fig 12: Detail of external valve mantle showing uninterrupted striae and a narrow hyaline area near mantle edge. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Fig. 8 and 1 µm in Figs 9–12." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5079017/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). Near the central area and the apices, areolae very irregular in shape, showing a higher density than in the rest of the valve (
<figureCitation id="B0AD18827804AD7CFB1F367569F7FCCF" box="[1256,1422,773,799]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–12" captionStartId="5.[151,258,1836,1857]" captionTargetBox="[167,1427,187,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-148@5.[167,1427,187,1818]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 8–12: Envekadea metzeltinii. SEM images. Fig. 8: External view of an entire valve showing wide variability in size and shape of the areolae and the sigmoid course of the raphe. Fig. 9: Detail of external central area showing the proximal raphe endings, terminating in a depression, bordered by four slightly raised plates. The arrow highlights the raised nodule. Fig. 10: Detail of external valve apex showing irregularly-shaped areolae with short silica outgrowths inside. Fig. 11: Detail of the distal raphe fissure and enlarged hyaline zone. Fig 12: Detail of external valve mantle showing uninterrupted striae and a narrow hyaline area near mantle edge. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Fig. 8 and 1 µm in Figs 9–12." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5079017/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Figs 9, 10, 11</figureCitation>
). Short silica outgrowths present inside the areolae (
<figureCitation id="B0AD18827804AD7CFD1F365C6F46FC96" box="[744,831,812,838]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–12" captionStartId="5.[151,258,1836,1857]" captionTargetBox="[167,1427,187,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-148@5.[167,1427,187,1818]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 8–12: Envekadea metzeltinii. SEM images. Fig. 8: External view of an entire valve showing wide variability in size and shape of the areolae and the sigmoid course of the raphe. Fig. 9: Detail of external central area showing the proximal raphe endings, terminating in a depression, bordered by four slightly raised plates. The arrow highlights the raised nodule. Fig. 10: Detail of external valve apex showing irregularly-shaped areolae with short silica outgrowths inside. Fig. 11: Detail of the distal raphe fissure and enlarged hyaline zone. Fig 12: Detail of external valve mantle showing uninterrupted striae and a narrow hyaline area near mantle edge. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Fig. 8 and 1 µm in Figs 9–12." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5079017/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). Enlarged hyaline zone separating the striae on the apices, delimited by the external distal raphe branches (
<figureCitation id="B0AD18827804AD7CFCCA36226FEFFCBC" box="[829,918,850,876]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–12" captionStartId="5.[151,258,1836,1857]" captionTargetBox="[167,1427,187,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-148@5.[167,1427,187,1818]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 8–12: Envekadea metzeltinii. SEM images. Fig. 8: External view of an entire valve showing wide variability in size and shape of the areolae and the sigmoid course of the raphe. Fig. 9: Detail of external central area showing the proximal raphe endings, terminating in a depression, bordered by four slightly raised plates. The arrow highlights the raised nodule. Fig. 10: Detail of external valve apex showing irregularly-shaped areolae with short silica outgrowths inside. Fig. 11: Detail of the distal raphe fissure and enlarged hyaline zone. Fig 12: Detail of external valve mantle showing uninterrupted striae and a narrow hyaline area near mantle edge. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Fig. 8 and 1 µm in Figs 9–12." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5079017/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). External hymenes never observed due to severe oxidizing of the valves. Striae continuing uninterrupted onto the mantle (
<figureCitation id="B0AD18827804AD7CFBCC360968EBFC43" box="[1083,1170,889,915]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–12" captionStartId="5.[151,258,1836,1857]" captionTargetBox="[167,1427,187,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-148@5.[167,1427,187,1818]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 8–12: Envekadea metzeltinii. SEM images. Fig. 8: External view of an entire valve showing wide variability in size and shape of the areolae and the sigmoid course of the raphe. Fig. 9: Detail of external central area showing the proximal raphe endings, terminating in a depression, bordered by four slightly raised plates. The arrow highlights the raised nodule. Fig. 10: Detail of external valve apex showing irregularly-shaped areolae with short silica outgrowths inside. Fig. 11: Detail of the distal raphe fissure and enlarged hyaline zone. Fig 12: Detail of external valve mantle showing uninterrupted striae and a narrow hyaline area near mantle edge. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Fig. 8 and 1 µm in Figs 9–12." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5079017/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). Narrow hyaline zone present near the mantle edge (
<figureCitation id="B0AD18827804AD7CFDFF36D06E1AFC6A" box="[520,611,928,954]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–12" captionStartId="5.[151,258,1836,1857]" captionTargetBox="[167,1427,187,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-148@5.[167,1427,187,1818]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 8–12: Envekadea metzeltinii. SEM images. Fig. 8: External view of an entire valve showing wide variability in size and shape of the areolae and the sigmoid course of the raphe. Fig. 9: Detail of external central area showing the proximal raphe endings, terminating in a depression, bordered by four slightly raised plates. The arrow highlights the raised nodule. Fig. 10: Detail of external valve apex showing irregularly-shaped areolae with short silica outgrowths inside. Fig. 11: Detail of the distal raphe fissure and enlarged hyaline zone. Fig 12: Detail of external valve mantle showing uninterrupted striae and a narrow hyaline area near mantle edge. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Fig. 8 and 1 µm in Figs 9–12." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5079017/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). External raphe branches running in a rather deep, narrow groove, straight to very weakly undulating (
<figureCitation id="B0AD18827804AD7CFDBA36B76EE1FC31" box="[589,664,967,993]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–12" captionStartId="5.[151,258,1836,1857]" captionTargetBox="[167,1427,187,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-148@5.[167,1427,187,1818]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 8–12: Envekadea metzeltinii. SEM images. Fig. 8: External view of an entire valve showing wide variability in size and shape of the areolae and the sigmoid course of the raphe. Fig. 9: Detail of external central area showing the proximal raphe endings, terminating in a depression, bordered by four slightly raised plates. The arrow highlights the raised nodule. Fig. 10: Detail of external valve apex showing irregularly-shaped areolae with short silica outgrowths inside. Fig. 11: Detail of the distal raphe fissure and enlarged hyaline zone. Fig 12: Detail of external valve mantle showing uninterrupted striae and a narrow hyaline area near mantle edge. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Fig. 8 and 1 µm in Figs 9–12." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5079017/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Proximal raphe endings straight, terminating in a depression, bordered by four slightly raised plates (
<figureCitation id="B0AD18827804AD7CFD82369D6EB9FBD7" box="[629,704,1005,1031]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–12" captionStartId="5.[151,258,1836,1857]" captionTargetBox="[167,1427,187,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-148@5.[167,1427,187,1818]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 8–12: Envekadea metzeltinii. SEM images. Fig. 8: External view of an entire valve showing wide variability in size and shape of the areolae and the sigmoid course of the raphe. Fig. 9: Detail of external central area showing the proximal raphe endings, terminating in a depression, bordered by four slightly raised plates. The arrow highlights the raised nodule. Fig. 10: Detail of external valve apex showing irregularly-shaped areolae with short silica outgrowths inside. Fig. 11: Detail of the distal raphe fissure and enlarged hyaline zone. Fig 12: Detail of external valve mantle showing uninterrupted striae and a narrow hyaline area near mantle edge. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Fig. 8 and 1 µm in Figs 9–12." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5079017/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Inside the depression, a raised nodule visible on which the proximal endings terminate (
<figureCitation id="B0AD18827804AD7CFE1031646E56FBFE" box="[487,559,1044,1070]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–12" captionStartId="5.[151,258,1836,1857]" captionTargetBox="[167,1427,187,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-148@5.[167,1427,187,1818]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 8–12: Envekadea metzeltinii. SEM images. Fig. 8: External view of an entire valve showing wide variability in size and shape of the areolae and the sigmoid course of the raphe. Fig. 9: Detail of external central area showing the proximal raphe endings, terminating in a depression, bordered by four slightly raised plates. The arrow highlights the raised nodule. Fig. 10: Detail of external valve apex showing irregularly-shaped areolae with short silica outgrowths inside. Fig. 11: Detail of the distal raphe fissure and enlarged hyaline zone. Fig 12: Detail of external valve mantle showing uninterrupted striae and a narrow hyaline area near mantle edge. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Fig. 8 and 1 µm in Figs 9–12." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5079017/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
, arrow). Distal raphe endings forming a hooked widening groove (
<figureCitation id="B0AD18827804AD7CFACF316469F7FBFE" box="[1336,1422,1044,1070]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–12" captionStartId="5.[151,258,1836,1857]" captionTargetBox="[167,1427,187,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-148@5.[167,1427,187,1818]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 8–12: Envekadea metzeltinii. SEM images. Fig. 8: External view of an entire valve showing wide variability in size and shape of the areolae and the sigmoid course of the raphe. Fig. 9: Detail of external central area showing the proximal raphe endings, terminating in a depression, bordered by four slightly raised plates. The arrow highlights the raised nodule. Fig. 10: Detail of external valve apex showing irregularly-shaped areolae with short silica outgrowths inside. Fig. 11: Detail of the distal raphe fissure and enlarged hyaline zone. Fig 12: Detail of external valve mantle showing uninterrupted striae and a narrow hyaline area near mantle edge. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Fig. 8 and 1 µm in Figs 9–12." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5079017/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). Raphe branch, however, diverging from the external groove, continuing on a straight course (
<figureCitation id="B0AD18827804AD7CFAC7314A69F4FB84" box="[1328,1421,1082,1108]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–12" captionStartId="5.[151,258,1836,1857]" captionTargetBox="[167,1427,187,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-148@5.[167,1427,187,1818]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 8–12: Envekadea metzeltinii. SEM images. Fig. 8: External view of an entire valve showing wide variability in size and shape of the areolae and the sigmoid course of the raphe. Fig. 9: Detail of external central area showing the proximal raphe endings, terminating in a depression, bordered by four slightly raised plates. The arrow highlights the raised nodule. Fig. 10: Detail of external valve apex showing irregularly-shaped areolae with short silica outgrowths inside. Fig. 11: Detail of the distal raphe fissure and enlarged hyaline zone. Fig 12: Detail of external valve mantle showing uninterrupted striae and a narrow hyaline area near mantle edge. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Fig. 8 and 1 µm in Figs 9–12." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5079017/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). External distal endings terminating in opposite directions at the two poles, giving the raphe a sigmoid path (
<figureCitation id="B0AD18827804AD7CFF5731F86C93FB72" box="[160,234,1160,1186]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–12" captionStartId="5.[151,258,1836,1857]" captionTargetBox="[167,1427,187,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-148@5.[167,1427,187,1818]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 8–12: Envekadea metzeltinii. SEM images. Fig. 8: External view of an entire valve showing wide variability in size and shape of the areolae and the sigmoid course of the raphe. Fig. 9: Detail of external central area showing the proximal raphe endings, terminating in a depression, bordered by four slightly raised plates. The arrow highlights the raised nodule. Fig. 10: Detail of external valve apex showing irregularly-shaped areolae with short silica outgrowths inside. Fig. 11: Detail of the distal raphe fissure and enlarged hyaline zone. Fig 12: Detail of external valve mantle showing uninterrupted striae and a narrow hyaline area near mantle edge. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Fig. 8 and 1 µm in Figs 9–12." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5079017/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Internally, striae located between clearly raised virgae, composed of rounded, unoccluded areolae (
<figureCitation id="B0AD18827804AD7CFF6831DF6D51FB19" box="[159,296,1199,1225]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–15" captionStartId="6.[151,258,1420,1441]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1398]" captionTargetId="figure-228@6.[151,1436,191,1398]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13–15: Envekadea metzeltinii. SEM images. Fig. 13: Internal view of valve showing axial costae and unoccluded areolae. Fig. 14: Detail of internal central area showing slight widening of axial costae. Fig. 15: Detail of internal valve apex showing divergence of axial costae and simple helictoglossae. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Fig. 13 and 1 µm in Figs 14–15." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5079019/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Figs 13, 15</figureCitation>
). Near the central area, striae diminishing in width towards the axial area (
<figureCitation id="B0AD18827804AD7CFB5731DF6952FB19" box="[1184,1323,1199,1225]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–15" captionStartId="6.[151,258,1420,1441]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1398]" captionTargetId="figure-228@6.[151,1436,191,1398]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13–15: Envekadea metzeltinii. SEM images. Fig. 13: Internal view of valve showing axial costae and unoccluded areolae. Fig. 14: Detail of internal central area showing slight widening of axial costae. Fig. 15: Detail of internal valve apex showing divergence of axial costae and simple helictoglossae. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Fig. 13 and 1 µm in Figs 14–15." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5079019/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Figs 13, 14</figureCitation>
). Internal raphe branches situated on a raphe sternum between two clearly raised, narrow costae running from apex to apex (
<figureCitation id="B0AD18827804AD7CFF2A318C6D1DFAC6" box="[221,356,1276,1302]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–15" captionStartId="6.[151,258,1420,1441]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1398]" captionTargetId="figure-228@6.[151,1436,191,1398]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13–15: Envekadea metzeltinii. SEM images. Fig. 13: Internal view of valve showing axial costae and unoccluded areolae. Fig. 14: Detail of internal central area showing slight widening of axial costae. Fig. 15: Detail of internal valve apex showing divergence of axial costae and simple helictoglossae. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Fig. 13 and 1 µm in Figs 14–15." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5079019/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Figs 13, 14</figureCitation>
). At the central area, area between costae slightly widening (
<figureCitation id="B0AD18827804AD7CFBD1318C6804FAC6" box="[1062,1149,1276,1302]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–15" captionStartId="6.[151,258,1420,1441]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1398]" captionTargetId="figure-228@6.[151,1436,191,1398]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13–15: Envekadea metzeltinii. SEM images. Fig. 13: Internal view of valve showing axial costae and unoccluded areolae. Fig. 14: Detail of internal central area showing slight widening of axial costae. Fig. 15: Detail of internal valve apex showing divergence of axial costae and simple helictoglossae. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Fig. 13 and 1 µm in Figs 14–15." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5079019/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). Near the apices, costae diverge, forming a plate-like, rounded, hyaline zone, showing the sigmoid course of the raphe (
<figureCitation id="B0AD18827804AD7CFAC6305369F4FAED" box="[1329,1421,1315,1341]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–15" captionStartId="6.[151,258,1420,1441]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1398]" captionTargetId="figure-228@6.[151,1436,191,1398]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13–15: Envekadea metzeltinii. SEM images. Fig. 13: Internal view of valve showing axial costae and unoccluded areolae. Fig. 14: Detail of internal central area showing slight widening of axial costae. Fig. 15: Detail of internal valve apex showing divergence of axial costae and simple helictoglossae. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Fig. 13 and 1 µm in Figs 14–15." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5079019/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
). Proximal internal raphe endings hooked (
<figureCitation id="B0AD18827804AD7CFD5E30396F70FAB3" box="[681,777,1353,1379]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–15" captionStartId="6.[151,258,1420,1441]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1398]" captionTargetId="figure-228@6.[151,1436,191,1398]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13–15: Envekadea metzeltinii. SEM images. Fig. 13: Internal view of valve showing axial costae and unoccluded areolae. Fig. 14: Detail of internal central area showing slight widening of axial costae. Fig. 15: Detail of internal valve apex showing divergence of axial costae and simple helictoglossae. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Fig. 13 and 1 µm in Figs 14–15." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5079019/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). Distal raphe endings terminating on short, simple helictoglossae (
<figureCitation id="B0AD18827804AD7CFEBA30006DDAFA5A" box="[333,419,1392,1418]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–15" captionStartId="6.[151,258,1420,1441]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1398]" captionTargetId="figure-228@6.[151,1436,191,1398]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13–15: Envekadea metzeltinii. SEM images. Fig. 13: Internal view of valve showing axial costae and unoccluded areolae. Fig. 14: Detail of internal central area showing slight widening of axial costae. Fig. 15: Detail of internal valve apex showing divergence of axial costae and simple helictoglossae. Scale bar represents 10 µm in Fig. 13 and 1 µm in Figs 14–15." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5079019/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="282904077804AD7CFF3130E76E86FA07" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,1495]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Due to the rarity of the new taxon and the severe cleaning procedure, no frustules in girdle view have been observed. Details on the girdle are therefore lacking.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>