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<mods:title id="447FB4E7B5C7EB0F70534848A91D4E65">Revision of the South American stiletto fly genera Entesia Oldroyd and Melanothereva Malloch, with the description of a new genus (Therevidae: Agapophytinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5F5411A118C8D0FD04C8156420C86448">Winterton, Shaun L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8B39F89F7DC7A9C219DB25E5DD427B84">Irwin, Michael E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="927A1F0F44EBB1A825BC39660A054EA2" type="email">wintertonshaun@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="9FCD1967851531D846DE57D49BDEB39C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="438ECE70A059B65BFE674942AE0B326B">
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<mods:date id="C080DD1F68291B92950584C61885F564">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4F4338CC8EC7C69FBF0A490EC0BA5EF2">2023-04-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DE45A8093DF3B1AD872EA2223EEEA674">5269</mods:number>
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<treatment id="9F4C617C4919FFB4C6B6FF3AFA6AF875" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7843350" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209561590" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7843350" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9F4C617C4919FFB4C6B6FF3AFA6AF875" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9F4C617C4919FFB4C6B6FF3AFA6AF875" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<subSubSection id="5FFF83E14919FFB4C6B6FF3AFE4AFF15" box="[151,444,151,178]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="175AD06A4919FFB4C6B6FF3AFE4AFF15" blockId="57.[151,444,151,178]" box="[151,444,151,178]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<heading id="4C1267064919FFB4C6B6FF3AFE4AFF15" bold="true" box="[151,444,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="D0E5ABE94919FFB4C6B6FF3AFE4AFF15" ID-CoL="5NKV" ID-ENA="240528" authority="Malloch" authorityName="Malloch" box="[151,444,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Melanothereva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C6B6FF3AFE4AFF15" bold="true" box="[151,444,151,178]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C6B6FF3AFEB8FF16" bold="true" box="[151,334,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Melanothereva</emphasis>
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Malloch
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5FFF83E14919FFB4C6B6FF71FB07FEB6" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="175AD06A4919FFB4C6B6FF71FB07FEB6" blockId="57.[151,1437,219,305]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="37F5F7444919FFB4C6B6FF71FB07FEB6" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<treatmentCitation id="9644F67B4919FFB4C6B6FF71FE0AFF50" author="Malloch, J. R." box="[151,508,220,244]" page="249" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1932">
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<taxonomicName id="D0E5ABE94919FFB4C6B6FF71FE0AFF50" ID-CoL="5NKV" authority="Malloch, 1932: 249" authorityName="Malloch" authorityPageNumber="249" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,508,220,244]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Melanothereva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C6B6FF71FED9FF50" box="[151,303,220,244]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Melanothereva</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="7374AD9B4919FFB4C717FF71FE0AFF50" author="Malloch, J. R." box="[310,508,220,244]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="199 - 257" refId="ref34724" refString="Malloch, J. R. (1932) Rhagionidae, Therevidae. In: British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Entomology (Eds.), Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile, based mainly on material in the British Museum (Natural History). Part V. Fascicle 3. Rhagionidae (Leptidae), Therevidae, Scenopinidae, Mydaidae, Asilidae, Lonchopteridae. Trustees of the British Museum, London. p. 199 - 257." type="book chapter" year="1932">Malloch, 1932: 249</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="9644F67B4919FFB4C436FF71FD16FF50" author="Oldroyd, H." box="[535,736,219,244]" page="379" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1968">
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<bibRefCitation id="7374AD9B4919FFB4C436FF71FD16FF50" author="Oldroyd, H." box="[535,736,219,244]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="377 - 385" refId="ref35004" refString="Oldroyd, H. (1968) New Therevidae from Argentina. Journal of Natural History, 2, 377 - 385. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936800770371" type="journal article" year="1968">Oldroyd (1968: 379</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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[diagnosis]);
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<treatmentCitation id="9644F67B4919FFB4C54CFF71FB9BFF57" author="Metz, M. A. & Irwin, M. E." box="[877,1133,219,244]" page="985" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="2000">
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<bibRefCitation id="7374AD9B4919FFB4C54CFF71FB9BFF57" author="Metz, M. A. & Irwin, M. E." box="[877,1133,219,244]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="977 - 1018" refId="ref34810" refString="Metz, M. A. & Irwin, M. E. (2000) Revision of Lindneria Krober, with the description of two new genera Insulatitan and Ambradolon, a fossil from Dominican amber (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 93 (5), 977 - 1018. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2000) 093 [0977: ROLKBW] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Metz & Irwin (2000: 985</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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[key]);
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<treatmentCitation id="9644F67B4919FFB4C29EFF71FA6EFF50" author="Winterton, S. L." box="[1215,1432,219,244]" page="18" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="2006">
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<bibRefCitation id="7374AD9B4919FFB4C29EFF71FA6EFF50" author="Winterton, S. L." box="[1215,1432,219,244]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="17 - 25" refId="ref35568" refString="Winterton, S. L. (2006) New species of Eupsilocephala Krober from Australia (Diptera: Therevidae). Zootaxa, 1372 (1), 17 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1372.1.2" type="journal article" year="2006">Winterton (2006: 18)</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9644F67B4919FFB4C6E6FF57FE1FFEB6" author="Gaimari, S. D. & Webb, D. W." box="[199,489,250,274]" page="636" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="2009">
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<bibRefCitation id="7374AD9B4919FFB4C6E6FF57FE1FFEB6" author="Gaimari, S. D. & Webb, D. W." box="[199,489,250,274]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref33755" refString="Gaimari, S. D. & Webb, D. W. (2009) Chapter 46. Therevidae (stiletto flies). In: Brown, B. V., Borkent, A., Cumming, J. M., Wood, D. M., Woodley, N. E. & Zumbado, M. (Eds.), Manual of Central American Diptera. Volume 1. National Research Council Research Press, Ottawa, pp. 633 - 647." type="book" year="2009">Gaimari & Webb (2009: 636</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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[key]);
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<treatmentCitation id="9644F67B4919FFB4C41AFF57FCE0FEB6" author="Webb, D. W. & Gaimari, S. D. & Hauser, M. & Holston, K. C. & Metz, M. A. & Irwin, M. E. & Kampmeier, G. E. & Algmin, K." box="[571,790,250,274]" page="14" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="2013">
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<bibRefCitation id="7374AD9B4919FFB4C41AFF57FCE0FEB6" author="Webb, D. W. & Gaimari, S. D. & Hauser, M. & Holston, K. C. & Metz, M. A. & Irwin, M. E. & Kampmeier, G. E. & Algmin, K." box="[571,790,250,274]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref35475" refString="Webb, D. W., Gaimari, S. D., Hauser, M., Holston, K. C., Metz, M. A., Irwin, M. E., Kampmeier, G. E. & Algmin, K. (2013) An annotated catalogue of the New World Therevidae (Insecta: Diptera: Asiloidea). Zootaxa, 3600 (1), 1 - 105. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3600.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Webb
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<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C45AFF56FD59FEB6" box="[635,687,250,274]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al.</emphasis>
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(2013: 14
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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[catalogue]);
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<bibRefCitation id="7374AD9B4919FFB4C585FF57FB52FEB6" author="Irwin M. E. & Winterton, S. L." box="[932,1188,250,274]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="276 - 290" refId="ref34062" refString="Irwin M. E. & Winterton, S. L. (2020) A new stiletto fly genus from South America (Diptera: Therevidae: Agapophytinae) Zootaxa, 4751 (2), 276 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4751.2.4" type="journal article" year="2020">Irwin & Winterton (2020</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="7374AD9B4919FFB4C28EFF57FB10FEB6" author="Irwin, M. E. & Winterton, S. L." box="[1199,1254,250,274]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="273 - 305" refId="ref34115" refString="Irwin, M. E. & Winterton, S. L. (2021) Revision of the Patagonian stiletto fly genus Pachyrrhiza Philippi (Diptera: Agapophytinae). Zootaxa, 4975 (2), 273 - 305. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4975.2.3" type="journal article" year="2021">2021</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5FFF83E14919FFB4C6B6FEB4FC4CFE95" box="[151,954,281,305]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="175AD06A4919FFB4C6B6FEB4FC4CFE95" blockId="57.[151,1437,219,305]" box="[151,954,281,305]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C6B6FEB4FEE8FE95" bold="true" box="[151,286,281,305]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<typeStatus id="C85E6EC84919FFB4C6B6FEB4FF3AFE95" box="[151,204,281,305]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="D0E5ABE94919FFB4C70BFEB4FD49FE95" ID-CoL="LR9H" authority="Macquart, 1841 a: 302" authorityName="Macquart" authorityPageNumber="302" authorityYear="1841" box="[298,703,281,305]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Thereva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
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<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C70BFEB4FE21FE95" box="[298,471,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Thereva lugubris</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="7374AD9B4919FFB4C7FFFEB4FD49FE95" author="Macquart, P. J. M." box="[478,703,281,305]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="283 - 413" refId="ref34632" refString="Macquart, P. J. M. (1841 a) [1840] Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Vol. 2 (1). Memoires de la Societe Royale des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Artes de Lille, 1840, 283 - 413." type="journal article" year="1841">Macquart, 1841a: 302</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5FFF83E14919FFB4C6B6FEF2FD8FFD89" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="175AD06A4919FFB4C6B6FEF2FD8FFD89" blockId="57.[151,1437,351,1566]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C6B6FEF2FEFCFEDD" bold="true" box="[151,266,351,377]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Medium-sized, mostly black flies with dark infuscate wings; antenna shorter than, or subequal to head length; scape subequal to flagellum length; parafacial setae absent; aside from postocular setae row, male sometimes with additional macrosetae scattered on upper occiput; palpi slender; lateral lobe of cervical sclerite sometimes with one or more macrosetae on lateral lobe; prosternum medial setae absent; one pair of scutellar macrosetae; wing cell m
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<subScript id="8B61D22F4919FFB4C6FEFDAFFF11FDB4" attach="left" box="[223,231,514,528]" fontSize="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">3</subScript>
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open; hind femur lacking macrosetae (rarely present subapically); male abdominal sternite 8 with paired secondary sclerites along posterior margin.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5FFF83E14919FFB4C6E6FD9AFA8DFAE1" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="description">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="175AD06A4919FFB4C6E6FD9AFC55FA86" blockId="57.[151,1437,351,1566]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C6E6FD9AFE9BFDF5" bold="true" box="[199,365,567,593]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Redescription</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C758FD9AFE40FDF5" box="[377,438,567,593]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Head</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Height and length subequal; frons flat or silver pubescent, male frons with eyes contiguous below anterior ocellus; parafacial without setae; gena rounded; mouthparts short, palpus slender; male postocular macrosetae elongate and recurved; male occiput with or without additional row of macrosetae on upper occiput, occiput with silver pubescence; antennae positioned on lower half of head and directed anteriorly, usually shorter than head (rarely same length); flagellum tapered cone-shaped, subequal to combined length of scape + pedicel; scape cylindrical, 3–4x length of pedicel, subequal to flagellum length.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C585FD46FC03FCA1" box="[932,1013,747,773]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Thorax</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Medial furrow of prosternum without setae; lateral lobe of cervical sclerite sometimes with a single macroseta; pleuron overlain with very sparse silver pubescence; metanepisternum without setae; scutum with filiform setae, often of variable length; scutal chaetotaxy (pairs of macrosetae): np: 4–5; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 2–4; sc, 1; wing dark infuscate; cell m
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="8B61D22F4919FFB4C2A1FCC7FB7EFCDC" attach="left" box="[1152,1160,874,888]" fontSize="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">3</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
open, veins M
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="8B61D22F4919FFB4C316FCC7FAC9FCDC" attach="left" box="[1335,1343,874,888]" fontSize="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">3</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
and M
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="8B61D22F4919FFB4C3B5FCC7FA6AFCDC" attach="left" box="[1428,1436,874,888]" fontSize="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">4</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
separate to margin; vein R
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="8B61D22F4919FFB4C7E0FC23FE2CFC38" attach="left" box="[449,474,910,924]" fontSize="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">2+3</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
shape a gradual sigmoid curve; vein R
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="8B61D22F4919FFB4C5AEFC23FC61FC38" attach="left" box="[911,919,910,924]" fontSize="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">1</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
with setae absent; wing membrane uniformly covered with microtrichia; posterior surfaces of mid- and hind coxae without setae; hind coxal knob present; femoral velutum patches absent; macrosetae absent on femora, hind femur rarely with anteroventral (av) seta subapically; leg length variable, femora and tibiae approximately equal in length across all legs, hind leg distinctly longer than other legs.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C73AFBA6FE73FB81" box="[283,389,1035,1061]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Elongate, tapered gradually from base; abdominal tergite 2 with a concentrated patch of short setae posteromedially.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C7F8FB82FDA5FBED" box="[473,595,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Terminalia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Male gonocoxites with velutum patches absent, halves separate medially, posterior outer gonocoxal process well developed, subtriangular; inner gonocoxal process (igp) well developed and articulated; ventral lobe shape variable, usually at least half length of gonostylus, rounded apically; phallus with dorsal apodeme of parameral sheath subtriangular, distiphallus short, abruptly narrowed, ventral apodeme forked. Female with spermathecal sac absent, or when present, as a single lobe with the three spermathecae joining common spermathecal sac duct close to bursa; sternite 8 emarginate posteromedially; acanthophorite macrosetae with two sets, A1 enlarged; tergite 8 elongate with broad anteromedial process.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="175AD06A4919FFB4C6E6FA86FA8DFAE1" blockId="57.[151,1437,351,1566]" box="[199,1403,1323,1350]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C6E6FA86FE7CFAE1" bold="true" box="[199,394,1323,1349]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Included species</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D0E5ABE94919FFB4C7B9FA86FD4BFAE1" authority="Winterton & Irwin, 2023" authorityName="Winterton & Irwin" authorityYear="2023" box="[408,701,1323,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Melanothereva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolorata" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C7B9FA86FD4BFAE1" box="[408,701,1323,1349]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Melanothereva bicolorata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C4E5FA86FCF5FAE1" bold="true" box="[708,771,1323,1349]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EA2B1034919FFB4C4E5FA86FCF5FAE1" box="[708,771,1323,1349]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D0E5ABE94919FFB4C530FA81FC6BFAE1" authority="Winterton & Irwin, 2023" authorityName="Winterton & Irwin" authorityYear="2023" box="[785,925,1323,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Melanothereva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frayjorge" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C530FA81FC6BFAE1" box="[785,925,1323,1349]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">M. frayjorge</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C585FA86FC12FAE1" bold="true" box="[932,996,1323,1349]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EA2B1034919FFB4C585FA86FC12FAE1" box="[932,996,1323,1349]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D0E5ABE94919FFB4C23BFA81FA80FAE1" authority="(Macquart, 1841 a)" baseAuthorityName="Macquart" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[1050,1398,1323,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Thereva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C23BFA81FB6AFAE1" box="[1050,1180,1323,1349]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">M. lugubris</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="7374AD9B4919FFB4C28AFA86FA98FAE1" author="Macquart, P. J. M." box="[1195,1390,1323,1349]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="283 - 413" refId="ref34632" refString="Macquart, P. J. M. (1841 a) [1840] Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Vol. 2 (1). Memoires de la Societe Royale des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Artes de Lille, 1840, 283 - 413." type="journal article" year="1841">Macquart, 1841a</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="5FFF83E14919FFB4C6E6FAE2FC8BFACE" box="[199,893,1359,1386]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="distribution">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="175AD06A4919FFB4C6E6FAE2FC8BFACE" blockId="57.[151,1437,351,1566]" box="[199,893,1359,1386]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C6E6FAE2FEAFFACD" bold="true" box="[199,345,1359,1385]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Distribution</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. South America:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="6FF290FA4919FFB4C43CFAE2FDAAFACD" box="[541,604,1359,1385]" name="Chile" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, western
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="6FF290FA4919FFB4C4E4FAE2FCC1FACD" box="[709,823,1359,1385]" name="Argentina" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="6FF290FA4919FFB4C563FAFDFC8FFACE" box="[834,889,1360,1386]" name="Peru" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="5FFF83E14919FFB4C6E6FADEFC1CF9B9" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="discussion">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="175AD06A4919FFB4C6E6FADEFC1CF9B9" blockId="57.[151,1437,351,1566]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C6E6FADEFEBEFA29" bold="true" box="[199,328,1395,1421]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Comments</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D0E5ABE94919FFB4C778FADEFDF7FA29" box="[345,513,1395,1421]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Melanothereva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C778FADEFDF7FA29" box="[345,513,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Melanothereva</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
was erected for a single, highly melanised species (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D0E5ABE94919FFB4C27AFAD9FB23FA29" baseAuthorityName="Macquart" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1115,1237,1395,1421]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Melanothereva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubri">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C27AFAD9FB23FA29" box="[1115,1237,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">M. lugubri</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
s) with numerous strong macrosetae on the forecoxa. As mentioned previously, the similarity between the two genera suggests that they may be synonymous, but at this stage we find them sufficiently different to maintain them as separate. In their phylogeny of the family,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="7374AD9B4919FFB4C78EFA72FD59FA5D" author="Winterton, S. L. & Hardy, N. B. & Gaimari, S. D. & Hauser, M. & Hill, H. N. & Holston, K. C. & Irwin, M. E. & Lambkin, C. L. & Metz, M. A. & Turco, F. & Webb, D. & Yang, L. & Yeates, D. K. & Wiegmann, B. M." box="[431,687,1503,1529]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="144 - 161" refId="ref35723" refString="Winterton, S. L., Hardy, N. B., Gaimari, S. D., Hauser, M., Hill, H. N., Holston, K. C., Irwin, M. E., Lambkin, C. L., Metz, M. A., Turco, F., Webb, D., Yang, L., Yeates, D. K. & Wiegmann, B. M. (2016) The phylogeny of stiletto flies (Diptera: Therevidae). Systematic Entomology, 41, 144 - 161. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12147" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
|||
|
|
Winterton
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C407FA4DFDABFA5D" box="[550,605,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(2016)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
recovered
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D0E5ABE94919FFB4C50BFA72FC24FA5D" box="[810,978,1503,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Melanothereva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C50BFA72FC24FA5D" box="[810,978,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Melanothereva</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in a clade with
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D0E5ABE94919FFB4C2A3FA4DFB20FA5D" box="[1154,1238,1504,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Entesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C2A3FA4DFB20FA5D" box="[1154,1238,1504,1529]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Entesia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D0E5ABE94919FFB4C32AFA72FA63FA5D" box="[1291,1429,1503,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Pachyrrhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C32AFA72FA63FA5D" box="[1291,1429,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pachyrrhiza</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, although relationships amongst the three exemplars were weakly supported.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="5FFF83E14919FFB4C6B6F9C2FA6AF875" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="key">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="175AD06A4919FFB4C6B6F9C2FDD3F92E" blockId="57.[151,549,1647,1674]" box="[151,549,1647,1674]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C6B6F9C2FDD3F92E" bold="true" box="[151,549,1647,1674]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
|||
|
|
Key to species of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D0E5ABE94919FFB4C74FF9C2FDD3F92E" ID-CoL="5NKV" box="[366,549,1647,1674]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Melanothereva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C74FF9C2FDD3F92E" bold="true" box="[366,549,1647,1674]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Melanothereva</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<key id="6374875B4919FFB4C6B6F919FA6AF875" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
|||
|
|
<keyStep id="AC11C8CF4919FFB4C6B6F919FA6AF8F8" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="175AD06A4919FFB4C6B6F919FA6AF885" blockId="57.[151,1437,1716,2002]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
|||
|
|
<keyLead id="AC14735F4919FFB4C6B6F919FA6AF885" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C6B6F919FF5CF96D" bold="true" box="[151,170,1716,1737]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">1.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Head, abdomen and dorsal half of thorax uniformly black, frons overlain with dense silver pubescence, scutum with distinct silver pubescent medial vitta; lower half of pleuron and legs bright orange (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="8FDECCEF4919FFB4C5FBF97CFBD3F943" box="[986,1061,1745,1767]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="59.[151,250,1973,1997]" captionTargetBox="[207,1380,181,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-19@59.[207,1380,181,1950]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 38. Melanothereva bicolorata sp. n.: A. Female, oblique view; B. same, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7841126" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7841126/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
); lateral lobe of cervical sclerite with macrosetae; male with single row of postocular macrosetae, lacking additional macrosetae scattered on occiput; female with spermathecal sac present......................................................
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C240F8A1FA6AF885" bold="true" box="[1121,1436,1804,1826]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D0E5ABE94919FFB4C240F8A1FA96F886" ID-CoL="BDMMZ" authority="Winterton & Irwin, 2023" authorityName="Winterton & Irwin" authorityYear="2023" box="[1121,1376,1804,1826]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Melanothereva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolorata" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C240F8A1FA96F886" bold="true" box="[1121,1376,1804,1826]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Melanothereva bicolorata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EA2B1034919FFB4C347F8A1FA6AF885" box="[1382,1436,1804,1825]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="175AD06A4919FFB4C6B6F887FA6AF8F8" blockId="57.[151,1437,1716,2002]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
|||
|
|
<keyLead id="AC14735F4919FFB4C6B6F887FA6AF8F8" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
|||
|
|
- Body entirely black, overlain with sparse silver pubescence on head and scutum; cervical sclerite without macrosetae; male with additional macrosetae scattered on occiput; female with spermathecal sac absent...............................
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C3ABF8EAFA60F8F8" bold="true" box="[1418,1430,1863,1884]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">2</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|||
|
|
<keyStep id="AC11C8CF4919FFB4C6B6F8C9FA6AF875" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="175AD06A4919FFB4C6B6F8C9FA6BF833" blockId="57.[151,1437,1716,2002]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
|||
|
|
<keyLead id="AC14735F4919FFB4C6B6F8C9FA6BF833" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C6B6F8C9FF55F8DD" bold="true" box="[151,163,1892,1913]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">2</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Scutum mostly black with very sparse brown pubescence medially; male scutum pile very short (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="8FDECCEF4919FFB4C2A7F8C9FB26F8DD" box="[1158,1232,1892,1914]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="64.[151,250,1984,2008]" captionTargetBox="[291,1296,181,1960]" captionTargetId="figure-20@64.[291,1296,181,1960]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 41. Melanothereva lugubris (Macquart):A. Male, oblique view; B. same, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7841135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7841135/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figs 41</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="8FDECCEF4919FFB4C2FBF8C9FB05F8DD" box="[1242,1267,1892,1913]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="65.[151,250,1991,2015]" captionTargetBox="[243,1345,181,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-19@65.[243,1345,181,1968]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 42. Melanothereva lugubris (Macquart):A. Female, oblique view; B. same, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7841137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7841137/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">42</figureCitation>
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)...................................................................................
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<taxonomicName id="D0E5ABE94919FFB4C217F82CFA6CF833" ID-CoL="3ZBRM" authority="(Macquart)" baseAuthorityName="Macquart" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1078,1434,1921,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Melanothereva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
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<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C217F82CFAD3F833" bold="true" box="[1078,1317,1921,1943]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Melanothereva lugubris</emphasis>
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(Macquart)
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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.
|
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</keyLead>
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="175AD06A4919FFB4C6B6F832FA6AF875" blockId="57.[151,1437,1716,2002]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
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<keyLead id="AC14735F4919FFB4C6B6F832FA6AF875" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
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|
- Scutum black with distinct greyish brown pubescence, dense as dorsocentral vittae and joined posteriorly (
|
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|
|
<figureCitation id="8FDECCEF4919FFB4C2C0F832FADAF810" box="[1249,1324,1951,1973]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1972,1996]" captionTargetBox="[348,1240,181,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-20@60.[348,1240,181,1948]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 39. Melanothereva frayjorge sp. n.: A. Male, oblique view; B. same, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7841130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7841130/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figs 39</figureCitation>
|
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,
|
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|
<figureCitation id="8FDECCEF4919FFB4C317F832FAB9F810" box="[1334,1359,1951,1972]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1969,1993]" captionTargetBox="[254,1333,181,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-19@61.[254,1333,181,1945]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 40. Melanothereva frayjorge sp. n.: A. Female, oblique view; B. same, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7841132" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7841132/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">40</figureCitation>
|
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)................................................................................
|
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|
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<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C24BF811FA6AF875" bold="true" box="[1130,1436,1980,2002]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D0E5ABE94919FFB4C24BF811FA97F876" ID-CoL="BDMMQ" authority="Winterton & Irwin, 2023" authorityName="Winterton & Irwin" authorityYear="2023" box="[1130,1377,1980,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" genus="Melanothereva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frayjorge" status="sp. nov.">
|
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|
<emphasis id="25910C784919FFB4C24BF811FA97F876" bold="true" box="[1130,1377,1980,2002]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Melanothereva frayjorge</emphasis>
|
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|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EA2B1034919FFB4C347F811FA6AF875" box="[1382,1436,1980,2001]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
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|
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</emphasis>
|
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|
|
</keyLead>
|
|||
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</keyStep>
|
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</key>
|
|||
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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|
|
</treatment>
|
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</document>
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