treatments-xml/data/9A/3A/8F/9A3A8FEBC76D5BC1B9B3C7D8B2981480.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.128.36325" ID-PMC="PMC6684584" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-128-73" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFC2B32DFFBD9A0790620004FFB27455" ID-PubMed="31404396" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3361040" ModsDocID="1314-2003-128-73" checkinTime="1564475659824" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gateble, Gildas, Ramon, Laurence &amp; Butaud, Jean-Francois" docDate="2019" docId="9A3A8FEBC76D5BC1B9B3C7D8B2981480" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 128: 73-84" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 128" docPubDate="2019-07-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.128.36325" docTitle="Pseuderanthemum melanesicum Gateble, Ramon &amp; Butaud 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="FFC2B32DFFBD9A0790620004FFB27455" lastPageNumber="73" masterDocId="FFC2B32DFFBD9A0790620004FFB27455" masterDocTitle="A new coastal species of Pseuderanthemum (Acanthaceae) from Loyalty Islands (New Caledonia) and Vanuatu with notes on P. carruthersii" masterLastPageNumber="84" masterPageNumber="73" pageNumber="73" updateTime="1668139422122" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A new coastal species of Pseuderanthemum (Acanthaceae) from Loyalty Islands (New Caledonia) and Vanuatu with notes on P. carruthersii</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gateble, Gildas</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-6384</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Institut Agronomique neo-Caledonien (IAC), Equipe ARBOREAL, BP 711, 98810 Mont-Dore, New Caledonia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">gateble@iac.nc</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ramon, Laurence</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Botaniste associee a l'Universite de Toliara, Madagascar</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Butaud, Jean-Francois</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Consultant in forestry and Polynesian botany, BP 52832, 98716 Pirae, Tahiti, French Polynesia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2019-07-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>128</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>73</mods:start>
<mods:end>84</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.128.36325</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.128.36325</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-128-73</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159292971" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A3A8FEBC76D5BC1B9B3C7D8B2981480" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A3A8FEBC76D5BC1B9B3C7D8B2981480" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="73" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName LSID="9A3A8FEB-C76D-5BC1-B9B3-C7D8B2981480" authority="Gâteblé, Ramon &amp; Butaud" authorityName="Gateble, Ramon &amp; Butaud" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Pseuderanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseuderanthemum melanesicum" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanesicum" status="sp. nov.">
Pseuderanthemum melanesicum 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
, Ramon &amp; Butaud
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="73">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution of Pseuderanthemum melanesicum Gateble, Ramon &amp; Butaud, sp. nov. in some islands of New Caledonia and Vanuatu. Map done using CartoGIS Services, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.128.36325.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/321128" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Drawings of Pseuderanthemum melanesicum Gateble, Ramon &amp; Butaud, sp. nov. and P. carruthersii A-G Pseuderanthemum melanesicum H-I Pseuderanthemum carruthersii A, D Structure of the inflorescence B Flower C Flower bud E Open corolla with the lower corolla lobe removed to show the arrangement of internal structures F Open mature and immature capsules G Glandular hairs on a flower bract H Eglandular hairs on the outer surface of the corolla tube I Part of inflorescence showing the long narrow tube of a flower. Voucher specimens: A-D Gateble 1072 E, G Gateble 722 F Ramon 220 H-I Gateble 720. Drawings by Laurence Ramon." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.128.36325.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/321129" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">, 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Field pictures of Pseuderanthemum melanesicum Gateble, Ramon &amp; Butaud, sp. nov. and P. carruthersii A-D. Pseuderanthemum melanesicum E-F Pseuderanthemum melanesicum and P. carruthersii A Overview of a single shrub hanging from a coastal limestone cliff on Mare island B Flowering branch on Efate island C Flower D Infructescence and ecology on Lifou island E Cultivated plants of P. carruthersii (left) and P. melanesicum (right) F Leaves and inflorescences of P. melanesicum (left) and two cultigens of P. carruthersii (center and right). Photographs by G. Gateble (A, C, E-F), L. Ramon (B) and J. - F. Butaud (D); Voucher specimens: A Gateble et al. 1024, B Ramon 220, C Gateble 722, F Gateble 722, 721, 720." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.128.36325.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/321130" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">, 3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="73" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gateble, Ramon &amp; Butaud" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Pseuderanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseuderanthemum melanesicum" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanesicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Pseuderanthemum melanesicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
, Ramon &amp; Butaud is most similar to some cultigens of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. carruthersii" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carruthersii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">P. carruthersii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but differs from them by its carnose leaf texture vs. chartaceous, by its pedicels and sepals with glandular hairs vs. eglandular hairs, by its glabrous petals and tube vs. hairy petals and tube and by its short and enlarged corolla tube vs. longer cylindrical corolla tube.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="73" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-12-04" collectorName="G. Gateble" country="NEW CALEDONIA" county="Lifou" location="Agricultural Research Station" municipality="Agricultural Research Station Saint Louis" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Province des Iles Loyaute" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry name="New Caledonia">NEW CALEDONIA</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion country="New Caledonia" name="Province des Iles">
Province des Iles 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Loyauté">Loyaute</normalizedToken>
</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingCounty>Lifou</collectingCounty>
, plant cultivated at the 
<collectingMunicipality>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A3A8FEBC76D5BC1B9B3C7D8B2981480:FC6025525094B6251791DEE50CAC7E2A" country="NEW CALEDONIA" county="Lifou" municipality="Agricultural Research Station Saint Louis" name="Agricultural Research Station" stateProvince="Province des Iles Loyaute">Agricultural Research Station</location>
Saint Louis
</collectingMunicipality>
at 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A3A8FEBC76D5BC1B9B3C7D8B2981480:1F853A3585BB444D71938EC0D254C1D4" country="NEW CALEDONIA" county="Lifou" municipality="Agricultural Research Station Saint Louis" name="Mont-Dore" stateProvince="Province des Iles Loyaute">Mont-Dore</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="2018-12-04">4 December 2018</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
<collectorName>
G. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
1072
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
P; isotypes NOU [NOU089981, NOU090339])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="73" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
Fruticulose shrubs up to 1.5 m tall, generally decumbent to somehow erect, somewhat carnose. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Branches</emphasis>
round (living material) to angulate (dry material) in cross section, beige to brown on older stems, pale green on young stems; prominent leaf and bundles scars; lenticels few, glabrous. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Leaves</emphasis>
simple, opposite-decussate, usually ovate to broadly elliptic, rarely obovate; blade (7-) 8-11 (-12) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(2.5-) 5-6 (-6.5) cm, vernicose, carnose, glabrous on both surfaces; apexes obtuse to rounded, sometimes slightly retuse or acuminate, bases cuneate to attenuate, margins entire; midveins slightly impressed adaxially, prominent abaxially toward the base, glabrous; secondaries of 4-6 opposite or alternate veins, more or less brochidodromous; tertiaries in a loose reticulum; petioles (0.5-) 1-1.5 (-2.5) cm long. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Inflorescences</emphasis>
terminal, a raceme or panicle, 1-12 cm long; rachises round to quadrangulate in cross section, mostly glabrous but with some glandular hairs in its most apical part; peduncles 1-5 cm long usually glabrescent but sometimes with some glandular hairs; bracts and bracteoles lanceolate 1-4 mm 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5-1.5 mm, glabrescent to piloglandulose. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Flowers</emphasis>
bilaterally symmetrical; pedicels 3-11 mm long, piloglandulose. Sepals 4 or 5, lanceolate, 3.5-4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1 mm, piloglandulose on the outer surface, glabrescent inside. Corollas ampliate to slightly ventricose, white with purple center, aestivation imbricate in bud; tubes ca. 1-1.3 cm long, glabrous, enlarged distally to 3-5 mm diameter before the throat, 4-5 lobed, consistently three in the lower half, and one or two in the upper half; lobes elliptic, 5-8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4-7 mm, the lower one being the larger, glabrous. Stamens 2, slightly exserted, inserted in the tube 
<normalizedToken originalValue="orifice">orifice</normalizedToken>
on to the upper lobe(s), filaments 4-4.5 mm long, glabrous, anthers ca. 1.8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.8 mm; staminodes 2, ca. 1 mm long. Ovaries conical, 4.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2 mm, glabrous; styles slightly exserted, ca. 15 mm long, glabrous; stigmas bilobed, lobes ca. 0.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.15 mm. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Fruits</emphasis>
stipitate dehiscent capsules, clavate, 1.5-3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.6-0.8 cm, sometimes crowned with the remnant style; seed (4-?) per capsule, ovate, 3-4 mm 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-3 mm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="73" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
In New Caledonia and Vanuatu, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. melanesicum" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanesicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">P. melanesicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in coastal thickets on limestone substrate, either coastal reef, cliffs or back of the beaches, with species of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Bikkia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bikkia" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Bikkia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Reinw. ex Blume, 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dendrolobium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dendrolobium" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Dendrolobium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Wight &amp; Arn.) Benth., 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eugenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eugenia" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Eugenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
P.Micheli ex L., 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Heliotropium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heliotropium" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Heliotropium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Tourn. ex L., 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hibiscus" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Hibiscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myoporaceae" genus="Myoporum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Myoporum" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Myoporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Banks &amp; Sol. ex G.Forst., 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Nicotiana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nicotiana" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Nicotiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Lythraceae" genus="Pemphis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pemphis" order="Myrtiflorae" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Pemphis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
J.R.Forst. &amp; G.Forst., 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Sarcolobus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sarcolobus" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Sarcolobus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.Br. and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Xylosma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylosma" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Xylosma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
G.Forst. at 2-60 m elevation in the Loyalty Islands. In New Caledonia, it is only known from Lifou and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Maré">Mare</normalizedToken>
in the Loyalty Islands and it is known from 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Efaté">Efate</normalizedToken>
and Malakula in Vanuatu (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution of Pseuderanthemum melanesicum Gateble, Ramon &amp; Butaud, sp. nov. in some islands of New Caledonia and Vanuatu. Map done using CartoGIS Services, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.128.36325.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/321128" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">1</figureCitation>
). With such a distribution, the species should be more common than reflected by the available herbarium specimens. Recently (February 2019) the species was seen in relatively large populations on Erakor Island (Port Vila) and Port Resolution (Tanna). Like in other 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Acanthaceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. melanesicum" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanesicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">P. melanesicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seeds are dispersed through ballochory that could explain the many individuals found in some populations in Vanuatu. The seed seems also able to float on sea water for a few hours (observation made with only one seed).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3487953" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.128.36325.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/321128" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gateble, Ramon &amp; Butaud" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Pseuderanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseuderanthemum melanesicum" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanesicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Pseuderanthemum melanesicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
, Ramon &amp; Butaud, sp. nov. in some islands of New Caledonia and Vanuatu. Map done using CartoGIS Services, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3487955" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.128.36325.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/321129" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Drawings of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gateble, Ramon &amp; Butaud" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Pseuderanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseuderanthemum melanesicum" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanesicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Pseuderanthemum melanesicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
, Ramon &amp; Butaud, sp. nov. and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. carruthersii" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carruthersii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">P. carruthersii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">A-G</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gateble, Ramon &amp; Butaud" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Pseuderanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseuderanthemum melanesicum" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanesicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Pseuderanthemum melanesicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">H-I</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guill" authorityYear="1948" baseAuthorityName="Seem." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Pseuderanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseuderanthemum carruthersii" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carruthersii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Pseuderanthemum carruthersii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">A, D</emphasis>
Structure of the inflorescence 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">B</emphasis>
Flower 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">C</emphasis>
Flower bud 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">E</emphasis>
Open corolla with the lower corolla lobe removed to show the arrangement of internal structures 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">F</emphasis>
Open mature and immature capsules 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">G</emphasis>
Glandular hairs on a flower bract 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">H</emphasis>
Eglandular hairs on the outer surface of the corolla tube 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">I</emphasis>
Part of inflorescence showing the long narrow tube of a flower. Voucher specimens: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">A-D</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
1072
</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">E, G</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
722
</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">F</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Ramon 220</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">H-I</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
720
</emphasis>
. Drawings by Laurence Ramon.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="73" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">The new species is named after the Melanesian archipelagos of New Caledonia and Vanuatu.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="73" type="species recognition">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Species recognition.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
With its carnose and shiny leaves (especially seen on fresh material), its short and broaden corolla tube and its many glandular hairs on pedicels and sepals, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. melanesicum" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanesicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">P. melanesicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily separated from the cultivated, widespread and variable taxon, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. carruthersii" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carruthersii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">P. carruthersii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In addition, in both countries the new species has been collected in fruit while there is, to our knowledge, no fruiting specimen of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. carruthersii" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carruthersii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">P. carruthersii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the region. The well-known south-western Pacific botanical specialist Peter Shaw Green (1920-2009) also thought it was a putative new species as he wrote &quot; 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Pseuderanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseuderanthemum" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Pseuderanthemum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.? ined&quot; on several herbarium sheets (e.g., 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hallé">Halle</normalizedToken>
6331
</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Gillison 3539</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="73" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
Color figures of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. melanesicum" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanesicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">P. melanesicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have already been published twice under misapplied names of other species inhabiting Loyalty Islands and Vanuatu, once as 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. repandum subsp. loyaltyensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="repandum" subSpecies="loyaltyensis">P. repandum (G.Forst.) Guillaumin subsp. loyaltyensis</taxonomicName>
(Guillaumin) Heine or 
<normalizedToken originalValue="«Waditcha»">&quot;Waditcha&quot;</normalizedToken>
in 
<bibRefCitation author="Suprin, B" journalOrPublisher="Reeve L, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" refId="B28" refString="Suprin, B, 2008. Plantes du littoral en Nouvelle-Caledonie. Editions Photosynthese, 1-270." title="Plantes du littoral en Nouvelle-Caledonie. Editions Photosynthese, 1 - 270." year="2008">Suprin (2008</bibRefCitation>
: 177), and the other one (fig. 119a) as 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. carruthersii" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carruthersii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">P. carruthersii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation author="Ramon, L" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" refId="B22" refString="Ramon, L, Sam, C, 2015. Plantes remarquables du Vanuatu, remarkable plants of Vanuatu. Biotope Editions and New York Botanical Garden Press, 1-256." title="Plantes remarquables du Vanuatu, remarkable plants of Vanuatu. Biotope Editions and New York Botanical Garden Press, 1 - 256." year="2015">Ramon and Sam (2015</bibRefCitation>
: 121). The vernacular name 
<taxonomicName genus="Watija" lsidName="Watija" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Watija</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Maré">Mare</normalizedToken>
can be related to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. repandum subsp. loyaltyensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="repandum" subSpecies="loyaltyensis">P. repandum subsp. loyaltyensis</taxonomicName>
but this name was not recorded recently (
<bibRefCitation author="Lormee, N" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" refId="B17" refString="Lormee, N, Cabalion, P, Hnawia, ES, 2011. Hommes et plantes de Mare, Iles Loyaute, Nouvelle-Caledonie. IRD, 1-358." title="Hommes et plantes de Mare, Iles Loyaute, Nouvelle-Caledonie. IRD, 1 - 358." year="2011">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lormée">Lormee</normalizedToken>
et al. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
) for that species; 
<taxonomicName genus="Watija" lsidName="Watija" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Watija</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is clearly the local name of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guillaumin" authorityYear="1930" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Psychotria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Psychotria nummularioides" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nummularioides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Psychotria nummularioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Baill. ex Guillaumin and has also been given to 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Cleidion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cleidion verticillatum" order="Geraniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="verticillatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Cleidion verticillatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Baill., a shrub of the same size (Butaud, pers. obs.). Two local names are reported on 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Gillison 3539</emphasis>
for Vanuatu as 
<taxonomicName genus="Nuguvere" lsidName="Nuguvere" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Nuguvere</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName genus="Malandi" lsidName="Malandi" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Malandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. According to 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1071/SB18016" author="Gateble, G" journalOrPublisher="Australian Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" pagination="448 - 480" refId="B9" refString="Gateble, G, Barrabe, L, McPherson, G, Munzinger, J, Snow, N, Swenson, U, 2018. One new endemic plant species on average per month in New Caledonia, including eight more new species from Ile Art (Belep Islands), a major micro-hotspot in need of protection. Australian Systematic Botany 31: 448 - 480, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/SB18016" title="One new endemic plant species on average per month in New Caledonia, including eight more new species from Ile Art (Belep Islands), a major micro-hotspot in need of protection." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/SB18016" volume="31" year="2018">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
et al. (2018)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. melanesicum" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanesicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">P. melanesicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only the third non-endemic species described from New Caledonia since the beginning of the 21st Century. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gateble, Ramon &amp; Butaud" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Pseuderanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseuderanthemum melanesicum" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanesicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Pseuderanthemum melanesicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily propagated by cuttings and it thrives well in cultivation. Even in cultivation, the carnose and shiny leaves are maintained (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Field pictures of Pseuderanthemum melanesicum Gateble, Ramon &amp; Butaud, sp. nov. and P. carruthersii A-D. Pseuderanthemum melanesicum E-F Pseuderanthemum melanesicum and P. carruthersii A Overview of a single shrub hanging from a coastal limestone cliff on Mare island B Flowering branch on Efate island C Flower D Infructescence and ecology on Lifou island E Cultivated plants of P. carruthersii (left) and P. melanesicum (right) F Leaves and inflorescences of P. melanesicum (left) and two cultigens of P. carruthersii (center and right). Photographs by G. Gateble (A, C, E-F), L. Ramon (B) and J. - F. Butaud (D); Voucher specimens: A Gateble et al. 1024, B Ramon 220, C Gateble 722, F Gateble 722, 721, 720." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.128.36325.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/321130" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">3</figureCitation>
) and it makes a nice native ornamental plant for gardens and landscaping in open or shaded areas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
The cultivated plant from which the type specimen was prepared was originally collected by J.-F. Butaud on Lifou, north of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Wé">We</normalizedToken>
to Luecila, (2 m elevation, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="34.56" value="-20.892933">20°53'34.56&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="167" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="18.56" value="167.27182">167°16'18.56&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
) on 19 April 2014.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3487957" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.128.36325.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/321130" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Field pictures of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gateble, Ramon &amp; Butaud" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Pseuderanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseuderanthemum melanesicum" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanesicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Pseuderanthemum melanesicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
, Ramon &amp; Butaud, sp. nov. and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. carruthersii" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carruthersii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">P. carruthersii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">A-D</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gateble, Ramon &amp; Butaud" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Pseuderanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseuderanthemum melanesicum" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanesicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Pseuderanthemum melanesicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">E-F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gateble, Ramon &amp; Butaud" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Pseuderanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseuderanthemum melanesicum" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanesicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Pseuderanthemum melanesicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. carruthersii" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carruthersii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">P. carruthersii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">A</emphasis>
Overview of a single shrub hanging from a coastal limestone cliff on 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Maré">Mare</normalizedToken>
island 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">B</emphasis>
Flowering branch on 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Efaté">Efate</normalizedToken>
island 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">C</emphasis>
Flower 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">D</emphasis>
Infructescence and ecology on Lifou island 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">E</emphasis>
Cultivated plants of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. carruthersii" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carruthersii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">P. carruthersii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(left) and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. melanesicum" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanesicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">P. melanesicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(right) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">F</emphasis>
Leaves and inflorescences of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. melanesicum" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanesicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">P. melanesicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(left) and two cultigens of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. carruthersii" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carruthersii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">P. carruthersii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(center and right). Photographs by G. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">A, C, E-F</emphasis>
), L. Ramon (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">B</emphasis>
) and J.-F. Butaud (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">D</emphasis>
); Voucher specimens: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">A</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
et al
</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">1024</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">B</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Ramon 220</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">C</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
722
</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">F</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
722
</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">721</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">720</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="73" type="preliminary conservation status (iucn 2017).">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Preliminary conservation status (IUCN 2017).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
In New Caledonia, the species is very uncommon and was collected only recently from the east coasts of Lifou and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Maré">Mare</normalizedToken>
islands. Recently 15-20 shrubs were seen on Lifou and two on 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Maré">Mare</normalizedToken>
but B. Suprin (pers. comm., 2015) states he has seen it in a few places on 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Maré">Mare</normalizedToken>
and Lifou. On 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Maré">Mare</normalizedToken>
, the species is threatened by feral goats that seem to graze young stems and that contribute to habitat degradation. On Lifou, in its only currently known location, the species is not clearly threatened; the only threats could come from agriculture as nearby areas are cultivated. The distribution of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. melanesicum" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanesicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">P. melanesicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in New Caledonia is similar to that of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Cyrtandra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cyrtandra mareensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mareensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Cyrtandra mareensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Däniker">Daeniker</normalizedToken>
but much rarer for the number of individuals. Its area of occupancy is 8 km2 while its extent of occurrence is less than 500 km2. It is considered severely fragmented as each subpopulation could go extinct with a very reduced probability of natural recolonization from the other subpopulation. A continuing decline has been observed and/or estimated for its quality of habitat and number of mature individuals. Based on the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (
<bibRefCitation author="Standards IUCN, Petitions Subcommittee" journalOrPublisher="Reeve L, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" publicationUrl="http://www.iucn.org/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B27" refString="Standards IUCN, Petitions Subcommittee, 2017. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 13. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Published on the Internet http://www.iucn.org/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 13. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Published on the Internet" url="http://www.iucn.org/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2017">IUCN 2017</bibRefCitation>
) and using criteria B, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. melanesicum" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanesicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">P. melanesicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
qualifies for Critically Endangered CR B2ab(iii,v) in New Caledonia. Using criteria D, with less than 50 individuals, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. melanesicum" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanesicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">P. melanesicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
qualifies also for Critically Endangered (CR D). In Vanuatu, this species is commonly observed on 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Efaté">Efate</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="island’s">island's</normalizedToken>
seashore and the major threats are forest and coastal clearing for housing on private properties (e.g. in Havannah and Undine bays and south from Eton village). The recently seen Erakor Island (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Efaté">Efate</normalizedToken>
) population is also facing disturbance due to the resort while the Port Resolution (Tanna) population is not facing major threat. No threat has been identified on Malakula and the species should also be present on other southern islands (Ambrym, Epi, Erromango and Aneityum) of the archipelago of Vanuatu towards the Loyalty Islands with no major associated threat. As a putative common species in Vanuatu with between five to ten locations and with threats only in the south of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Efaté">Efate</normalizedToken>
, the species could qualify as VU B2ab(ii,iii,v). Globally, for both New Caledonia and Vanuatu, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. melanesicum" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanesicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">P. melanesicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be considered as Least Concern against IUCN criteria because of there being more than ten putative locations and both the extent of occurrence and area of occupancy are above the threshold for assessment of a threatened category using criterion B.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="73" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2015-04-15" collectingDateMax="2019-02-19" collectingDateMin="2015-04-15" collectorName="J. - F. Butaud, G. Gateble, Drouin J, Jewine A., Wamejongo W" country="NEW CALEDONIA" county="Lifou" elevation="2" latitude="-21.657103" location="Agricultural Research Station" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="168.00624" municipality="Luecila" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Province des Iles Loyaute">
<collectingCountry name="New Caledonia">NEW CALEDONIA</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion country="New Caledonia" name="Province des Iles">
Province des 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Îles">Iles</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Loyauté">Loyaute</normalizedToken>
</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingCounty>Lifou</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Luecila</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="2.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="34.56" value="-20.892933">20°53'34.56&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="167" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="18.56" value="167.27182">167°16'18.56&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate value="2015-04-15">15 April 2015</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
<collectorName>J.-F. Butaud</collectorName>
3427
</emphasis>
(NOU [NOU090338]); plant cultivated at the 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A3A8FEBC76D5BC1B9B3C7D8B2981480:81755A35DEC023ADFC611B07643BDBA3" country="NEW CALEDONIA" county="Lifou" latitude="-21.657103" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="168.00624" municipality="Luecila" name="Agricultural Research Station" stateProvince="Province des Iles Loyaute">Agricultural Research Station</location>
Saint Louis at Mont-Dore, 
<collectingDate value="2015-05-13">13 May 2015</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
<collectorName>
G. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
679
</emphasis>
(NOU [NOU089984]); 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">ibid. loc</emphasis>
., 
<collectingDate value="2015-12-07">7 December 2015</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
<collectorName>
G. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
722
</emphasis>
(NOU [NOU089982, NOU089983]); 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">ibid. loc</emphasis>
. 
<collectingDate value="2015-12-29">29 December 2015</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
<collectorName>
G. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
740
</emphasis>
(NOU [NOU089985, NOU090341]); 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">ibid. loc</emphasis>
. 
<collectingDate value="2019-02-19">19 February 2019</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
<collectorName>
G. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
1073
</emphasis>
(NOU [NOU090340]). 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Maré">Mare</normalizedToken>
: Sentier littoral 
<locationDeviation firstLocation="Eni" secondLocation="Shabadran">entre Eni et Shabadran</locationDeviation>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="60.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="60.0">60 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="25.57" value="-21.657103">21°39'25.57&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="168" direction="east" minutes="0" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="22.45" value="168.00624">168°0'22.45&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate value="2018-04-02">2 April 2018</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
<collectorName>
G. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
<collectorName>Drouin J</collectorName>
</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
<collectorName>Jewine A.</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>Wamejongo W</collectorName>
1024
</emphasis>
(MPU, NOU |NOU089986], P, K, LOY)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1971-09-28" collectingDateMax="2015-08-05" collectingDateMin="1971-09-28" collectorName="L. Ramon, Malekula, Tisbel, N. Halle, A. N. Gillison" country="VANUATU" county="Lifou" elevation="2" latitude="-17.750153" location="Eton" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="168.56541" municipality="Efate" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Province des Iles">
<collectingCountry name="Vanuatu">VANUATU</collectingCountry>
. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Efaté">
<collectingMunicipality>Efate</collectingMunicipality>
</normalizedToken>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A3A8FEBC76D5BC1B9B3C7D8B2981480:6683D6F9A68C2FAAD82A9FFB7D5CEBC8" country="VANUATU" county="Lifou" latitude="-17.750153" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="168.56541" municipality="Efate" name="Eton" stateProvince="Province des Iles">Eton</location>
, plage 
<normalizedToken originalValue="privée">privee</normalizedToken>
(avant le blue hole), 0 m, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="0.55" value="-17.750153">17°45'0.55&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="168" direction="east" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="55.46" value="168.56541">168°33'55.46&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate value="2015-08-05">5 August 2015</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
<collectorName>L. Ramon</collectorName>
220
</emphasis>
(NY [NY03487104], P [P02434405], PVNH). 
<collectorName>Malekula</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName>Tisbel</collectorName>
, 
<collectingDate value="1971-09-29">29 September 1971</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
<collectorName>
N. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hallé">Halle</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
6331
</emphasis>
(NOU [NOU077567], P [P04385831]); 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">ibid. loc</emphasis>
., 
<collectingDate value="1971-09-28">28 September 1971</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
<collectorName>A.N. Gillison</collectorName>
3539
</emphasis>
(P [P04385834])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>