<documentid="0C184918B993E31AE0A768C323AF9953"ID-CLB-Dataset="33866"ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.262.3857"ID-GBIF-Dataset="25bc9c50-db7a-401b-9780-a3d7d8a6be7f"ID-PMC="PMC3591778"ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-262-1"ID-PubMed="23653512"ModsDocAuthor=""ModsDocDate="2013"ModsDocID="1313-2970-262-1"ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 262"ModsDocTitle="Hymenopteran parasitoids of the ant-eating spider Zodarion styliferum (Simon) (Araneae, Zodariidae)"checkinTime="1451247739898"checkinUser="pensoft"docAuthor="Korenko, Stanislav, Schmidt, Stefan, Schwarz, Martin, Gibson, Gary A. P. & Pekar, Stano"docDate="2013"docId="7EBFB6F9C03032BC7434CC65213F92B4"docLanguage="en"docName="ZooKeys 262: 1-15"docOrigin="ZooKeys 262"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.262.3857"docTitle="Calymmochilus dispar Boucek & Andriescu 1967"docType="treatment"docVersion="6"lastPageNumber="5"masterDocId="0B2EFF81283591442B3AEB65FFB85B72"masterDocTitle="Hymenopteran parasitoids of the ant-eating spider Zodarion styliferum (Simon) (Araneae, Zodariidae)"masterLastPageNumber="15"masterPageNumber="1"pageNumber="4"updateTime="1732933262121"updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<taxonomicNameid="AFDEF0EED921698E450C93EA66D04074"ID-CoL="69999"LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Calymmochilus_dispar"authority="Boucek & Andriescu, 1967"authorityName="Boucek & Andriescu"authorityYear="1967"class="Insecta"family="Eupelmidae"genus="Calymmochilus"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Calymmochilus dispar"order="Hymenoptera"pageId="3"pageNumber="4"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="dispar">
<bibRefCitationid="5B6A655E6E41B1C4E73C820356F55E9F"author="Boucek, Z"journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae"pageId="9"pageNumber="10"pagination="233 - 238"title="Notizen ueber die Gattung Calymmochilus Masi, mit Beschreibung einer neuen Art aus Suedeuropa (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae)."volume="37"year="1967">
Female (Fig. 3 A, C). Length 3.0-4.6 mm. Body mostly brown to black, but partly with greenish or bluish metallic lustre, particularly frontovertex; antenna brown, clava yellowish-brown; legs brown with apices of tibiae and tarsi except for apices yellowish-brown. Head (Fig. 3C) slightly broader than mesosoma. Supraclypeal area (Fig. 3C: Sa) with about five transverse carinae and glabrous interspaces, strongly inclined from clypeus, hence clypeus below face level. Clypeus (Fig. 3 C: Cl) protruding over the mandibles, with a strongly elevated carina and a serrate margin. Lower face with a blunt crest extending from clypeus almost to ventral margin of eye (Fig. 3C: Cr). Mandible (Fig. 3C: Md) very slender, sickle-shaped. Antenna long and slender, all funicular segments longer than broad, anellus about 1.3
as long as broad, clava as long as 3.5 apical funicular segments. Mesonotum dorsoventrally compressed, with alutaceous surface sculpture. Mesoscutum flat, on same level as scutellar-axillar complex. Axillae distinguished from scutellum by only slightly finer surface sculpture. Propodeum transverse, anteriorly with a distinct transverse carina connecting propodeal spiracles, with indistinct plicae and median carina; callar region strongly declining posteriorly. Prepectus slightly larger than tegula. Wings reduced, infuscate fore wing barely extending to base of metasoma (Fig. 3 A). Metasoma evenly tapered posteriorly, syntergum tapered with rounded apex, laterally curved over to conceal very slightly exserted ovipositor sheaths.
Male (Fig. 3B, D). Length 1.4-2.3 mm. Head and body very dark brown to black with blue metallic lustre, metasoma brown (Fig. 3B). Antenna brown. Legs brown with knees and tarsi except for apices yellowish-brown. Head (Fig. 3D) slightly broader than thorax, nearly triangular in frontal view. Structure of lower face, clypeus (Fig. 3: Cl), and mandibles (Fig. 3: Md) similar to female except crest extending from clypeus to compound eye indicated only by slight elevation. Antenna (Fig. 3B) long, each funicular segment at least twice as long as broad, anellus indistinct and hardly discernible, claval segments fused. Mesoscutum convex with distinct notauli. Wings fully developed. Scutellum strongly convex, almost parallel-sided, with strongly inclined
Larva (Fig. 4A, B, F). Brownish-yellow, female length about 2.5 mm (N = 1) and male length = 1.6 mm (N = 1). Mature larva with one pair of long, strong, dorsal setae (0.25
length of longer setae), one pair between long dorsal setae of first and second segment and second pair between those of second and third segment; laterally with one pair of smaller lateral setae (0.5
length of dorsal setae) on each body segment and irregularly placed short setae. Larval head very weakly sclerotized (not easily discernible in photographs).
). Pupa brown, about 3 mm length for female (Fig. 4C) and 2.2 mm for male (Fig. 4G). Eyes and mandibles becoming dark brown (Fig. 4C, H) as part of sclerotization process after 3 days. Eyes and mandibles dark brownish-black and first dark spots appearing inside pupa (Fig. 4D, I) seven days after pupation; pupa completely dark brown (Fig. 4E, J) after nine days.
were reared were collected in an open, rocky habitat with sparse vegetation. When collected, a larva was attached to the abdomen of an immobilised juvenile inside the igloo. Exuviae of the previous moults were attached to the apex of the abdomen of the last instar. The larvae did not build any cocoon inside the igloo, being protected only by their long setae. The final instar and prepupal stage combined lasted 7 days for the male and 8 days for the female, after which the larvae pupated. The female emerged 15 days and the male 16 days after pupation at 23°C (
<bibRefCitationid="486A42654D34A2486FB9F1F3AE7F8214"author="Russo, G"journalOrPublisher="Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria di Portici, Bollettino"pageId="10"pageNumber="11"pagination="1 - 420"title="Contributo alla conoscenza dei Coleotteri Scolitidi. Fleotribo: Phloeotribus scarabaeoides (Bern.) Fauv. Parte seconda. Biografia, simbionti, danni e lotta."volume="2"year="1938">Russo 1938</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="9E9CBCD4934AB3C2BDDFF75D770EC9DA"author="Austin, AD"journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History"pageId="9"pageNumber="10"pagination="329 - 350"title="Synopsis of Australian Calymmochilus Masi (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), description of a new Western Australian species associated with a pseudoscorpion, and review of pseudoscorpion parasites."url="10.1080/00222939800770171"volume="32"year="1998">Austin et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="316D525481F057349BBB2CBF5B14E401"author="Austin, AD"journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History"pageId="9"pageNumber="10"pagination="329 - 350"title="Synopsis of Australian Calymmochilus Masi (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), description of a new Western Australian species associated with a pseudoscorpion, and review of pseudoscorpion parasites."url="10.1080/00222939800770171"volume="32"year="1998">Austin et al. (1998)</bibRefCitation>
do not create a cocoon for pupation; rather they use the already built spider igloo to help protect the bare larvae, which is isolated from the inner surface of the igloo by their long dorsal setae. The larvae we reared from the two
<bibRefCitationid="07AAD5F7D323C7320C628B9AF88C92DC"author="Austin, AD"journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History"pageId="9"pageNumber="10"pagination="329 - 350"title="Synopsis of Australian Calymmochilus Masi (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), description of a new Western Australian species associated with a pseudoscorpion, and review of pseudoscorpion parasites."url="10.1080/00222939800770171"volume="32"year="1998">Austin et al. (1998)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="184367B64F427134CAAF19FF041A49C3"author="Russo, G"journalOrPublisher="Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria di Portici, Bollettino"pageId="10"pageNumber="11"pagination="1 - 420"title="Contributo alla conoscenza dei Coleotteri Scolitidi. Fleotribo: Phloeotribus scarabaeoides (Bern.) Fauv. Parte seconda. Biografia, simbionti, danni e lotta."volume="2"year="1938">Russo 1938</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="A7298B2FC98F635639961DB92CBDAB4D"author="Boucek, Z"journalOrPublisher="A Biosystematic Revision of Genera of Fourteen Families, with a Reclassification of Species. CAB International, Wallingford"pageId="9"pageNumber="10"title="Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera)."year="1988">
species are primarily associated with hosts in sheltered places, e.g. under bark or rocks. The unusual, protuberant clypeus that characterizes adults may be a structural adaptation to help the adults emerge and the female to access restricted spaces to parasitize new hosts. However, it remains to be shown whether
