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<mods:title id="3603DB185265BF8C809E53E64B68395D">First Maltese record of Stephanopachysquadricollis (Marseul, 1879) (Coleoptera, Bostrichidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0FFD763E18918FD943A9C496AA2909E5">Mifsud, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EC3C3FF958EAD620AF6F20A0D9D9ADD3">Nardi, Gianluca</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="0CA4D3BDF4B5CA8C285BFE9BAB709C1A" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="56E8FCF8F1F7F9ADA6C787EFCF2A6B9F" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Bostrichidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F307D44E1158A5F4F25C844B67886167" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="710C98EA426F8C56E59E3A5EAE5E959B" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="3BF8ABBF2D00794B79C9C2B9B9F2981E" ID-CoL="52CG3" authority="Marseul, 1878" authorityName="Marseul" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys quadricollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricollis">Stephanopachys quadricollis (Marseul, 1878)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81762C489E8AA2372242F0C033EFEA99" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9B57061A2093EE1D60B685E9E7F152FE" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E08987117293DEE2FDB081E16D10BA8" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
ITALY, Liguria: Monte di [= Mount of] Portofino [(Genova)], 1910, [C.] 
<taxonomicName id="79736F41700D07135ADB8B6D8A46D1DC" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" rank="tribe" tribe="Mancini">Mancini</taxonomicName>
leg., 1 ex (MCSG); M.te [= Monte di] Portofino [(Genova)], VI.1923, Dr. [A.] Andreini leg., 1 ex (MZUF); Zignago [(La Spezia)], 17.VII.1963, S. Failla leg., 1 ex (MZUF). Calabria: [Sila National Park,] Camigliatello [(Cosenza), 1300 m], 18.VI.1978, [F. Angelini leg.], 1 ex (MZUF, collection F. Angelini); Parco Nazionale della Sila [= Sila National Park] (Cosenza), Monte Altare, 1580 m, 
<geoCoordinate id="5ACAE6D95BEDFFDAA6F1032771E48B27" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="39.420094">39°25.205700'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="03AD58229D83AE5624BE94B52E366D88" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="16.57824">16°34.694312'E</geoCoordinate>
, 24.VII.2009, L. Spada, M. Bardiani, A. Biscaccianti &amp; A. Campanaro leg., [direct collection, in a forest of 
<taxonomicName id="E21A3DFCBA2ABD6338DACD943087FEB8" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="ssp." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus nigra" order="Pinales" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subspecies" species="nigra" subspecies="laricio">Pinus nigra ssp. laricio</taxonomicName>
Maire (A.B. Biscaccianti &amp; L. Spada, pers. comm., 2016)] 1 ex (CNBFVR). MALTA, 
<normalizedToken id="A97CEB8DF71C1CA817BEA23AF616DE13" originalValue="Ħal-Far">Ħal-Far</normalizedToken>
[
<geoCoordinate id="1E025A78591ED26A7E86588DCCE12C0E" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.812668">35°48.760020'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="1D5E4E69A5BD56B747891956EAB650F3" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="14.508014">14°30.480840'E</geoCoordinate>
], 1.IX.-5.XI.2015, 3 ♀♀, in UV light traps situated in human habitation, D. Mifsud leg. (CDM, CGN).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CA2BC70118BA272D2E95605E5FC2BB6E" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="98E6D01BFDF850B378CB44D2BCF4D1EA" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Chorotype and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="30054D17F47ADFCB4FBC704121D4D9FE" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
Mediterranean (cf. 
<bibRefCitation id="D4CA617B4BE4F3C604BF6657F73FF80A" author="Borowski, J" editor="Loebl, I" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="320 - 328" title="Family Bostrichidae Latreille, 1802." volumeTitle="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Elateroidea, Derodontoidea, Bostrichoidea, Lymexyloidea, Cleroidea, Cucujoidea" year="2007">Borowski 2007</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="4AA5A981BEF833F297A2F946DFEAFA88" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys quadricollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricollis">Stephanopachys quadricollis</taxonomicName>
(Fairmaire, 1878) [sic!], 
<bibRefCitation id="E721B4D3D2433ABDA724A4B2AA1A9917" author="Borowski, J" journalOrPublisher="Mantis Publishing, Olsztyn" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" title="World catalogue of Bostrichidae (Coleoptera)." year="2007">
Borowski and 
<normalizedToken id="2AACA0803BB02E5AF51DE889519C870C" originalValue="Węgrzynowicz">Wegrzynowicz</normalizedToken>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="D6F1172E1DEF8F52D9259C215609C1DD" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys quadricollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricollis">Stephanopachys quadricollis</taxonomicName>
(Fairmaire in Marseul 1878) [sic!], 
<bibRefCitation id="6C88B15E0BDBA0C134525EAB66189EDF" author="Borowski, J" journalOrPublisher="Wydawnictwo Mantis, Olsztyn" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" title="The Powderpost Beetles of the World (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Keys for Identification of Species" year="2012">
Borowski and 
<normalizedToken id="CCBEC71111161D7F24C5789D21AEE8E7" originalValue="Węgrzynowicz">Wegrzynowicz</normalizedToken>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="616D4699360D732DDB592468845ABC61" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys quadricollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricollis">Stephanopachys quadricollis</taxonomicName>
(Fairmaire, 1878) [sic!]). This species is recorded from: Algeria, Croatia, France (Cor 
<pageBreakToken id="BEF40F2F3A64FFFC3B6DF43D54EAC980" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" start="start">sica</pageBreakToken>
included), Greece, Israel, Italy (Sicily included), Lebanon, Morocco, Portugal, Spain (Balearic Islands included), Syria, Tunisia, Asiatic Turkey and Ukraine (cf. 
<bibRefCitation id="6628FE2A6F8A876B199BE914CCC90141" author="Halperin, J" journalOrPublisher="Israel Journal of Entomology" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" pagination="47 - 53" title="The bostrychid beetles (Coleoptera) of Israel." volume="14" year="1980">Halperin and Damoiseau 1980</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="ECFECCFEE999EB12CDB365F05EDD20FD" author="Nardi, G" editor="Audisio, P" journalOrPublisher="Quaderno di Studi e Notizie di Storia Naturale della Romagna" pageId="9" pageNumber="74" title="Fauna Europaea version 2.6.2" url="http://www.faunaeur.org" year="2004">Nardi 2004</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="7F3366CDE3F4796388C79192F31D8B21" author="Borowski, J" editor="Loebl, I" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="320 - 328" title="Family Bostrichidae Latreille, 1802." volumeTitle="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Elateroidea, Derodontoidea, Bostrichoidea, Lymexyloidea, Cleroidea, Cucujoidea" year="2007">Borowski 2007</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="05801F2211CF4893202877D42864FB3E" author="Brustel, H" journalOrPublisher="L'Entomologiste" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="41 - 50" title="Les Stephanopachys de la faune ouest-palearctique (ColeopteraBostrichidae): distribution et reconnaissance des trois especes francaises au service de l'application de la directive Habitats, Faune, Flore." volume="69" year="2013">Brustel et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
). Moreover, it was intercepted in Sweden (
<bibRefCitation id="C2295D61A5A8FF4321A06DDF64339918" author="Lundberg, S" journalOrPublisher="Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet &amp; Entomologiska Foereningen, Stockholm" pageId="9" pageNumber="74" title="Catalogus coleopterorum Sueciae" year="1995">Lundberg 1995</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="681C56F968956322A0B9278C98C71C1D" author="Borowski, J" editor="Loebl, I" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="320 - 328" title="Family Bostrichidae Latreille, 1802." volumeTitle="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Elateroidea, Derodontoidea, Bostrichoidea, Lymexyloidea, Cleroidea, Cucujoidea" year="2007">Borowski 2007</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="79A2ED447E6212832A1C3304FE850452" author="Brustel, H" journalOrPublisher="L'Entomologiste" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="41 - 50" title="Les Stephanopachys de la faune ouest-palearctique (ColeopteraBostrichidae): distribution et reconnaissance des trois especes francaises au service de l'application de la directive Habitats, Faune, Flore." volume="69" year="2013">Brustel et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
), Germany and Argentina (
<bibRefCitation id="FBAD0419B3870DE58A04CF8A3DB92DBE" author="Walker, K" journalOrPublisher="Bullettin. Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique" pageId="10" pageNumber="75" title="PaDIL (Pest and Diseases Image Library)" url="http://www.padil.gov.au" year="2005">Walker 2005</bibRefCitation>
), while the record for Israel (
<bibRefCitation id="CAADE61271F2F67552BF547FC5A54338" author="Halperin, J" journalOrPublisher="Israel Journal of Entomology" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" pagination="47 - 53" title="The bostrychid beetles (Coleoptera) of Israel." volume="14" year="1980">Halperin and Damoiseau 1980</bibRefCitation>
) was recently overlooked (
<bibRefCitation id="1E048B91B9A4267850509D994DEFD5BA" author="Borowski, J" editor="Loebl, I" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="320 - 328" title="Family Bostrichidae Latreille, 1802." volumeTitle="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Elateroidea, Derodontoidea, Bostrichoidea, Lymexyloidea, Cleroidea, Cucujoidea" year="2007">Borowski 2007</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="0709D967BA2008B55614314CBF551D1C" author="Brustel, H" journalOrPublisher="L'Entomologiste" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="41 - 50" title="Les Stephanopachys de la faune ouest-palearctique (ColeopteraBostrichidae): distribution et reconnaissance des trois especes francaises au service de l'application de la directive Habitats, Faune, Flore." volume="69" year="2013">Brustel et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F89F2C3EE9AE53CE138B166800BEA748" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="A463C5AEB77B0E8CDD298DED65A07AE3" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BA67F00B357F822396422611BAB27267" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="588BEDE7573E7F622907DB782DFAD4B2" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stephanopachys</taxonomicName>
Waterhouse, 1888 is the sole genus of 
<taxonomicName id="DAB25E776E214C21012DCB9EA554BC92" family="Bostrichidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" rank="family">Bostrichidae</taxonomicName>
specialized to feed on gymnosperms (
<bibRefCitation id="C9A19EEC8837A3A1670AB1B7A138061E" author="Liu, L-Y" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Muenchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" pagination="91 - 97" title="A review of the literature on the life history of Bostrichidae (Coleoptera)." volume="98" year="2008">Liu et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
) and was considered as exclusively phloeophagous (cf. 
<bibRefCitation id="59270E9FAAFA32B58A94EDEC9BD50751" author="Lesne, P" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" pagination="135 - 138" title="Le regime alimentaire des Bostrichides [Col.]." volume="1911" year="1911">Lesne 1911</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="36F510CBADC934148E7830C805E30B2D" author="Lawrence, JF" editor="Leschen, RAB" journalOrPublisher="Walter de Gruyter, Berlin" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" pagination="209 - 217" title="6.3. Bostrichidae Latreille, 1802." volumeTitle="Handbook of Zoology, Coleoptera Vol. 2: Morphology and Systematics (Elateroidea, Bostrichformia, Cucujiformia partim)" year="2010">Lawrence 2010</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="F53874BFABB451C73548C16E9949C30E" author="Brustel, H" journalOrPublisher="L'Entomologiste" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="41 - 50" title="Les Stephanopachys de la faune ouest-palearctique (ColeopteraBostrichidae): distribution et reconnaissance des trois especes francaises au service de l'application de la directive Habitats, Faune, Flore." volume="69" year="2013">Brustel et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
). However, 
<taxonomicName id="57597B579D2E69709B32B695A1608D7B" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys conicola" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conicola">Stephanopachys conicola</taxonomicName>
Fisher, 1950, a Nearctic species develops in cones of 
<taxonomicName id="40A1C248447D82A818962F533A5EDBBC" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus monophylla" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monophylla">Pinus monophylla</taxonomicName>
Torr. et Fr. and on decaying 
<taxonomicName id="8810B177CB6A0799ABE71E9BC1515A94" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Juniperus occidentalis" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Juniperus occidentalis</taxonomicName>
Hooker berries (
<bibRefCitation id="D9CAB7631A070849F6A5054414EB76B7" author="Borowski, J" journalOrPublisher="Wydawnictwo Mantis, Olsztyn" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" title="The Powderpost Beetles of the World (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Keys for Identification of Species" year="2012">
Borowski and 
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2012
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="56A9EA3D5E9D05A8A176E1AB0B6930B5" author="Tonkel, KC" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="10" pageNumber="75" pagination="403 - 406" title="Stephanopachysconicola Fisher (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) feeding on decaying Western Juniper (Juniperusoccidentalis Hooker) berries: a novel association for Bostrichidae." url="10.1649/072.068.0311" volume="68" year="2014">Tonkel et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
), whereas 
<taxonomicName id="F10D53E5B9C029BFE707F05458C9D1AC" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys linearis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linearis">Stephanopachys linearis</taxonomicName>
(Kugelann, 1792), a Palaearctic species, develop on coniferous trees (
<taxonomicName id="6D3823E6BBC8CD9089A363827B5288EB" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies alba" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">Abies alba</taxonomicName>
Mill., 
<taxonomicName id="FC4E56024A22400BA9A3FBA5D4E7C691" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus sylvestris" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">Pinus sylvestris</taxonomicName>
L., etc.) (
<bibRefCitation id="C2A778913C6623C05A7507218E6B7404" author="Borowski, J" journalOrPublisher="Wydawnictwo Mantis, Olsztyn" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" title="The Powderpost Beetles of the World (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Keys for Identification of Species" year="2012">
Borowski and 
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2012
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="BEAFAB64081F63B6C30DB5B7FB80EBB6" author="Brustel, H" journalOrPublisher="L'Entomologiste" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="41 - 50" title="Les Stephanopachys de la faune ouest-palearctique (ColeopteraBostrichidae): distribution et reconnaissance des trois especes francaises au service de l'application de la directive Habitats, Faune, Flore." volume="69" year="2013">Brustel et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
), but exceptionally also in old wood of 
<taxonomicName id="6B4615BCFAE51F1E41AE7791E6646D39" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
(Koch 1989).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C876B74E02B05FE6A4EEDBA9DC209F08" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="607645330E9BFA95D8AA0E93E4E15B69" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys quadricollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricollis">Stephanopachys quadricollis</taxonomicName>
is found from sea level up-to mountain biotopes (cf. 
<bibRefCitation id="239DFE9ACD70445637C55C18ADE4FBDB" author="Kocher, L" journalOrPublisher="Travaux de l'Institut Scientifique Cherifien (Serie zoologie)" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" pagination="1 - 136" title="Catalogue commente des Coleopteres du Maroc, fascicule IV. Clavicornes et groupes voisins." volume="11" year="1956">Kocher 1956</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="DBFA8F2179B88612AA4C175AE1EACB12" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys quadraticollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadraticollis">Stephanopachys quadraticollis</taxonomicName>
[sic!], 
<bibRefCitation id="A2D3800FEF13996B3AF60AF5CD96AC33" author="Angelini, F" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="37 - 125" title="Coleotterofauna del Massiccio del Pollino (Basilicata-Calabria) (Coleoptera)." volume="21" year="1986">Angelini 1986</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="96FDF5EA1A0D49D5F290C3DE15DF067E" author="Angelini, F" journalOrPublisher="Memorie della Societa entomologica italiana" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="171 - 254" title="Coleotterofauna dell'Altipiano della Sila (Calabria, Italia) (Coleoptera)." volume="70" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="9921BE3AA847D27291D52AA9969292DB" author="Bahillo de la Puebla, P" journalOrPublisher="Heteropterus Revista de Entomologia" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="147 - 227" title="Los Bostrichidae Latreille, 1802 de la fauna ibero-balear (Coleoptera)." volume="7" year="2007">Bahillo de la Puebla et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="16B00E28E0BBF083C7A67D9344DAD776" author="Brustel, H" journalOrPublisher="L'Entomologiste" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="41 - 50" title="Les Stephanopachys de la faune ouest-palearctique (ColeopteraBostrichidae): distribution et reconnaissance des trois especes francaises au service de l'application de la directive Habitats, Faune, Flore." volume="69" year="2013">Brustel et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
) and the most important host-plants include 
<taxonomicName id="27A57B3E1CEDD5A9F6BB0868E3E16218" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus halepensis" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="halepensis">Pinus halepensis</taxonomicName>
Mill. and 
<taxonomicName id="AF3BCB76195FEC44147036CD0283BF6B" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus pinaster" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinaster">Pinus pinaster</taxonomicName>
Aiton (
<bibRefCitation id="2AA441C8ABF950D60F1A0B48FE94D102" author="Perris, E" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="9" pageNumber="74" pagination="173 - 243" title="Histoire des insectes du Pin maritime. Supplement aux Coleopteres et rectifications." volume="2" year="1862">Perris 1862</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="EE91952256A275A2754002C14E7C0788" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Dinoderus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dinoderus (Apate) substriatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="substriatus" subGenus="Apate">Dinoderus (Apate) substriatus</taxonomicName>
Payk. [misidentification], 
<bibRefCitation id="5F6CCA56475D7C6CCA99607ECDF5014D" author="Lesne, P" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" pagination="319 - 350" title="Revision des Coleopteres de la famille des Bostrychidae. 2 e Memoire. Bostrychides Hypocephales. Dinoderinae." volume="66" year="1897">Lesne 1897</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="CA0976901D17915D03A9405427B05C99" author="Sahlberg, J" journalOrPublisher="Oefversigt af Finska Vetenskaps-Societetens Foerhandlingar" pageId="9" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 281" title="Coleoptera mediterranea orientalia, quae in Aegypto, Palaestina, Syria, Caramania atque in Anatolia occidentali anno 1904 collegerunt John Sahlberg et Unio Saalas." volume="55 A" year="1913 b">Sahlberg 1913b</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="35BCDA099E2E48B6EA702B9945718B58" author="Espanol, F" journalOrPublisher="Publicaciones del Instituto de Biologia Aplicada" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" pagination="107 - 135" title="Los bostriquidos de Cataluna y Baleares (Col. Cucujoidea)." volume="21" year="1955">
<normalizedToken id="A677025F4A0882321554EAC6F9588762" originalValue="Español">Espanol</normalizedToken>
1955
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="C0367B77C875D7655D1812EF049991F0" author="Espanol, F" journalOrPublisher="Boletin del Servicio de Plagas Forestales" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" pagination="110 - 114" title="Coleopteros xilofilos observados sobre Pinuspinaster en la Sierra de Espadan (Castellon)." volume="8" year="1965">1965</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="F08B04E43184E64A5C6E7F618F1F1C3F" author="Halperin, J" journalOrPublisher="Israel Journal of Entomology" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" pagination="47 - 53" title="The bostrychid beetles (Coleoptera) of Israel." volume="14" year="1980">Halperin and Damoiseau 1980</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="BB3A0F63752A4698FE94E5CDB9493B53" author="Bahillo de la Puebla, P" journalOrPublisher="Heteropterus Revista de Entomologia" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="147 - 227" title="Los Bostrichidae Latreille, 1802 de la fauna ibero-balear (Coleoptera)." volume="7" year="2007">Bahillo de la Puebla et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="CEC27B7061B1CA33A8BCE98283B951A1" author="Borowski, J" journalOrPublisher="Wydawnictwo Mantis, Olsztyn" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" title="The Powderpost Beetles of the World (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Keys for Identification of Species" year="2012">
Borowski and 
<normalizedToken id="3BECCFB5488B9245311F6D78264C56B2" originalValue="Węgrzynowicz">Wegrzynowicz</normalizedToken>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="75CDEB0CFEF924F87D04C3127ED1B2AD" author="Brustel, H" journalOrPublisher="L'Entomologiste" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="41 - 50" title="Les Stephanopachys de la faune ouest-palearctique (ColeopteraBostrichidae): distribution et reconnaissance des trois especes francaises au service de l'application de la directive Habitats, Faune, Flore." volume="69" year="2013">Brustel et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
). The species is however known to develop on other 
<taxonomicName id="9BF23287CD62FC02295F40570C6CBB23" family="Pinaceae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
including: 
<taxonomicName id="EF0FE1A281F86EB9A637606F4479A69D" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies alba" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">Abies alba</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="39413D0B9D54A6FC6F82831FA8584017" author="Lesne, P" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" pagination="319 - 350" title="Revision des Coleopteres de la famille des Bostrychidae. 2 e Memoire. Bostrychides Hypocephales. Dinoderinae." volume="66" year="1897">Lesne 1897</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="B729C38D39EB3C8FA41E59FA469DC5D0" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cedrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cedrus atlantica" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="atlantica">Cedrus atlantica</taxonomicName>
(Endl.) Manetti ex 
<normalizedToken id="E008AC3A602F67758E7300DEE0CD3134" originalValue="Carrière">Carriere</normalizedToken>
, 
<taxonomicName id="91466BD0E52F90A15457899C570A7FAD" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus nigra" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigra">Pinus nigra</taxonomicName>
J.F.Arnold and 
<taxonomicName id="6150B3F5ADC0E0CA19759A9151A44A70" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus sylvestris" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">Pinus sylvestris</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2500E7E113EE0D21E909B41B465B4945" author="Brustel, H" journalOrPublisher="L'Entomologiste" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="41 - 50" title="Les Stephanopachys de la faune ouest-palearctique (ColeopteraBostrichidae): distribution et reconnaissance des trois especes francaises au service de l'application de la directive Habitats, Faune, Flore." volume="69" year="2013">Brustel et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
). The larvae of 
<taxonomicName id="F92AF8F92C302B77E056B8066EC5FDE0" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys quadricollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricollis">Stephanopachys quadricollis</taxonomicName>
develop in or under bark of death wood in damaged trees which are still alive (under partially removed bark, in or near wounds following prunning by forest personel or lightning) (
<bibRefCitation id="821FE877618ECCC78CDD24688F87FDCC" author="Brustel, H" journalOrPublisher="L'Entomologiste" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="41 - 50" title="Les Stephanopachys de la faune ouest-palearctique (ColeopteraBostrichidae): distribution et reconnaissance des trois especes francaises au service de l'application de la directive Habitats, Faune, Flore." volume="69" year="2013">Brustel et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
). The larvae of 
<taxonomicName id="942FB3FE22CFCC2EE555EF53F5D40BD3" class="Insecta" family="Malachiidae" genus="Clanoptilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clanoptilus marginellus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginellus">Clanoptilus marginellus</taxonomicName>
(Olivier, 1790) (
<taxonomicName id="30845DDDCAC58B35AAF1D040511C9916" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8A62A9DC2BF132C9B3224733EF2492FB" family="Malachiidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" rank="family">Malachiidae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="096AD91AEEFD78386858E04AA9C82243" author="Perris, E" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="9" pageNumber="74" pagination="173 - 243" title="Histoire des insectes du Pin maritime. Supplement aux Coleopteres et rectifications." volume="2" year="1862">Perris 1862</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="49526E447441B632A6D9F7E7E5A451B1" class="Insecta" family="Malachiidae" genus="Malachius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Malachius marginellus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginellus">Malachius marginellus</taxonomicName>
Fab.), 
<taxonomicName id="E37E74C7C528076CA9026A6A7FA6DA62" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Opilo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opilo domesticus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="domesticus">Opilo domesticus</taxonomicName>
(Sturm, 1837) and 
<taxonomicName id="8597E59CDFC74482DBF700153C9201A8" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Opilo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opilo mollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mollis">Opilo mollis</taxonomicName>
Linnaeus, 1758 (
<taxonomicName id="59D39F29650F64A68FD92E8805128BB4" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="B4BB9F591C4A9D40B9B2CE41142ADD03" family="Cleridae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" rank="family">Cleridae</taxonomicName>
) are predatory on those of 
<taxonomicName id="5C77B203FF327EA6236DB8C294BDA74E" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys quadricollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricollis">Stephanopachys quadricollis</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0E27ADFA3D1A97EF99F98F67259AA4EB" author="Perris, E" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="9" pageNumber="74" pagination="173 - 243" title="Histoire des insectes du Pin maritime. Supplement aux Coleopteres et rectifications." volume="2" year="1862">Perris 1862</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="9AD61F0362DBAB1DAFC64C94610A5141" author="Lesne, P" journalOrPublisher="L'Abeille, Journal d'Entomologie" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" pagination="153 - 168" title="Supplement au Synopsis des Bostrychides Paleartiques." volume="30" year="1904">Lesne 1904</bibRefCitation>
), whereas 
<taxonomicName id="EB12FC696C29F0F1F91561B9A5469E4F" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Entedon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entedon stephanopachi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stephanopachi">Entedon stephanopachi</taxonomicName>
Heqvist, 1959 (
<taxonomicName id="FBE67A64B01D8CAECE7090F69FCC945D" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="512035F41D49914F1915DF84BB8106B5" family="Eulophidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
) is a primary parasitoid of other 
<taxonomicName id="1BF30CDBB47502AAABB5C1028029EA46" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stephanopachys</taxonomicName>
species in Sweden and USA (
<bibRefCitation id="31CEE9A51080A33381E9354F3B4571B3" author="Heqvist, K-J" journalOrPublisher="Entomologisk tidskrift" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" pagination="140 - 145" title="Notes on Chalcidoidea. VI Description of two new species and the male of Dasyneurophagajaponica Heqv. (Eulophidae and Pteromalidae)." volume="80" year="1959">Heqvist 1959</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="1A1B8A757A36ADB05205E3AE1E48677F" author="Schauff, ME" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="10" pageNumber="75" pagination="30 - 62" title="The species of Entedon in America North of Mexico (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)." volume="96" year="1988">Schauff 1988</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="C3DE3CD19609E64C25DAFD30FDD560B3" author="Gumovsky, AV" journalOrPublisher="Ukrainska Entomofaunistika" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 8" title="A Record of Sinoxylonanale Lesne in Ukraine with Notes on False Powder-Post Beetles (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and their Chalcidoid Parasitoids (Hymenoptera)." volume="1" year="2010">Gumovsky 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E09C90980BD20E67B66ECA74ED0C58CB" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" type="notes">
<paragraph id="CC460D953A4803B6CAC33A60A46E62BC" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9AA41480599B12B1757428546D433A46" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
The Maltese specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="A05C37AABEE807F92C63DC97F457FEAE" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys quadricollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricollis">Stephanopachys quadricollis</taxonomicName>
do not show significant differences from those examined from other territories. In Italy, this species is rare and localized and was recorded from the following regions: Piemonte (
<bibRefCitation id="EE827C110AE5924F65FE6DF5FE28B522" author="Lesne, P" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" pagination="319 - 350" title="Revision des Coleopteres de la famille des Bostrychidae. 2 e Memoire. Bostrychides Hypocephales. Dinoderinae." volume="66" year="1897">Lesne 1897</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="393ADAFF084A6C835F503E2E724869D4" author="Schilsky, J" journalOrPublisher="Bauer und Raspe (Emil Kuester)" pageId="10" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 357" title="Die Kaefer Europa's. Nach der Natur beschrieben von Dr. H. C. Kuester und Dr. G. Kraatz. Fortgesetzt von J. Schilsky." volume="36" year="1899">Schilsky 1899</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="1B73CB2A9F577C22879EAE5F6FCA508D" author="Lesne, P" journalOrPublisher="L'Abeille, Journal d'Entomologie" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" pagination="73 - 136" title="Synopsis des Bostrychides paleartiques." volume="30" year="1901">Lesne 1901</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="9AADD45DCF487774F410EE4FE23DB6D0" author="Luigioni, P" journalOrPublisher="Memorie della Pontificia Accademia delle Scienze, I Nuovi Lincei" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" title="I Coleotteri d'Italia. Catalogo sinonimico-topografico-bibliografico." volume="13" year="1929">Luigioni 1929</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="0493987E278D955DE1055F43ACFD1590" author="Porta, A" journalOrPublisher="Stabilimento Tipografico Piacentino, Piacenza" pageId="9" pageNumber="74" title="Fauna Coleopterorum Italica. III. Diversicornia." year="1929">Porta 1929</bibRefCitation>
), Liguria (
<bibRefCitation id="2899DDE025D2CA67EE605A0B4C90CB96" author="Luigioni, P" journalOrPublisher="Memorie della Pontificia Accademia delle Scienze, I Nuovi Lincei" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" title="I Coleotteri d'Italia. Catalogo sinonimico-topografico-bibliografico." volume="13" year="1929">Luigioni 1929</bibRefCitation>
), Basilicata (
<bibRefCitation id="82350E4879EE91B54AECCC3DC4566E4C" author="Angelini, F" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="37 - 125" title="Coleotterofauna del Massiccio del Pollino (Basilicata-Calabria) (Coleoptera)." volume="21" year="1986">Angelini 1986</bibRefCitation>
), Calabria (
<bibRefCitation id="A0AFBFA74C9426F9BBCFE1A89585360B" author="Angelini, F" journalOrPublisher="Memorie della Societa entomologica italiana" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="171 - 254" title="Coleotterofauna dell'Altipiano della Sila (Calabria, Italia) (Coleoptera)." volume="70" year="1991">Angelini 1991</bibRefCitation>
) and Sicily (
<bibRefCitation id="597A1B82E5E4564CAD142EFCBC8A4AD2" author="Vitale, F" journalOrPublisher="Memorie della Societa entomologica italiana" pageId="10" pageNumber="75" pagination="44 - 54" title="Coleotteri nuovi o poco conosciuti di Sicilia." volume="6" year="1928">Vitale 1928</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="922E3A1450CA470CB84D12A4F1ABF677" author="Luigioni, P" journalOrPublisher="Memorie della Pontificia Accademia delle Scienze, I Nuovi Lincei" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" title="I Coleotteri d'Italia. Catalogo sinonimico-topografico-bibliografico." volume="13" year="1929">Luigioni 1929</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="AF0CC626D834E69D4E3F40D0AA0B014C" author="Porta, A" journalOrPublisher="Stabilimento Tipografico Piacentino, Piacenza" pageId="9" pageNumber="74" title="Fauna Coleopterorum Italica. III. Diversicornia." year="1929">Porta 1929</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="F31D7E917B19D82F70ABAFC095F9BE33" author="Audisio, P" editor="Minelli, A" journalOrPublisher="Calderini, Bologna" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 29" title="ColeopteraPolyphaga IX (Bostrichoidea, Cleroidea, Lymexyloidea)." volumeTitle="Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana" year="1995">Audisio et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="5EDD6A80B4580E65A9295930999A8B2B" author="Sparacio, I" journalOrPublisher="L'Epos, Palermo" pageId="10" pageNumber="75" title="Mediterraneo 4. Coleotteri di Sicilia. Parte seconda." year="1997">Sparacio 1997</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA84D55C33677406AA10860C7CE5CB4F" author="Nardi, G" editor="Audisio, P" journalOrPublisher="Quaderno di Studi e Notizie di Storia Naturale della Romagna" pageId="9" pageNumber="74" title="Fauna Europaea version 2.6.2" url="http://www.faunaeur.org" year="2004">Nardi 2004</bibRefCitation>
). A record from Maritime Alps (
<bibRefCitation id="B8DB677362D9488C46819947CFEB9F4B" author="Porta, A" journalOrPublisher="Stabilimento Tipografico Piacentino, Piacenza" pageId="9" pageNumber="74" title="Fauna Coleopterorum Italica. III. Diversicornia." year="1929">Porta 1929</bibRefCitation>
), probably refers to French sites near the Italian border (
<bibRefCitation id="DFA7F04FD9B815B7AE758EF1C083E140" author="Lesne, P" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" pagination="319 - 350" title="Revision des Coleopteres de la famille des Bostrychidae. 2 e Memoire. Bostrychides Hypocephales. Dinoderinae." volume="66" year="1897">Lesne 1897</bibRefCitation>
: 339, 
<bibRefCitation id="22ABB7C414AC630E1BEAA47CDE382923" author="Lesne, P" journalOrPublisher="L'Abeille, Journal d'Entomologie" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" pagination="73 - 136" title="Synopsis des Bostrychides paleartiques." volume="30" year="1901">1901</bibRefCitation>
: 84). Specimens from Piemonte (without locality of collection) were originally collected and recorded by Baudi as 
<taxonomicName id="9E3D6AAD14058C535E1FDF38099ADE88" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys substriatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="substriatus">Stephanopachys substriatus</taxonomicName>
(Paykull, 
<pageBreakToken id="36575BBEB741130842EE634D94EEA8C5" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" start="start">1800</pageBreakToken>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="E94EB375406CF19DFBAD673A46795D5F" author="Baudi, F" journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="226 - 268" title="Catalogo dei Dascillidi, Malacodermi e Teredili della Fauna europea e circummediterranea appartenenti alle collezioni del Museo Civico di Genova." url="10.5962/bhl.part.9094" volume="4" year="1873">Baudi 1873</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="4DA209F93823FD223D3D1BC33DDEC2ED" author="Baudi, F" journalOrPublisher="Annali della Reale Accademia d'Agricoltura di Torino" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 274" title="Catalogo dei Coleotteri del Piemonte." volume="32" year="1890">1890</bibRefCitation>
, in both cases as 
<taxonomicName id="6F8E3B83FEF57DBBFCDFEECC6343FC2E" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Dinoderus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dinoderus substriatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="substriatus">Dinoderus substriatus</taxonomicName>
Payk.). 
<bibRefCitation id="6ADAF135DE06A5D1C70B3511735B437C" author="Lesne, P" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" pagination="319 - 350" title="Revision des Coleopteres de la famille des Bostrychidae. 2 e Memoire. Bostrychides Hypocephales. Dinoderinae." volume="66" year="1897">Lesne (1897</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="25D14194014472B1CBAFC4ACCAC9A400" author="Lesne, P" journalOrPublisher="L'Abeille, Journal d'Entomologie" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" pagination="73 - 136" title="Synopsis des Bostrychides paleartiques." volume="30" year="1901">1901</bibRefCitation>
) examined material collected by Baudi from Piemonte and recorded the presence of only 
<taxonomicName id="50289FE3D120CE3A923687C008DC9441" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys quadricollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricollis">Stephanopachys quadricollis</taxonomicName>
from the mentioned region. Thus, 
<normalizedToken id="E2C322C4D976BE05AFF45CC28FEA628A" originalValue="Baudi’s">Baudi's</normalizedToken>
records from Piemonte could in reality belong to only 
<taxonomicName id="0A7BA62B818C836C5E4D788E6184111B" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys quadricollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricollis">Stephanopachys quadricollis</taxonomicName>
, since this latter species was described (
<bibRefCitation id="FC098058CBF7C9CC8AE4202894BFAB4E" author="Marseul, SA de" journalOrPublisher="L'Abeille, Journal d'Entomologie" pageId="9" pageNumber="74" pagination="81 - 84" title="Nouvelles et faits divers de L'Abeille. Deuxieme Serie. - N ° 21. - 1878." volume="19" year="1879">Marseul 1879</bibRefCitation>
) only after the first record of 
<bibRefCitation id="2E45AE2FC01EDF47129A90CBAD57C0F7" author="Baudi, F" journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="226 - 268" title="Catalogo dei Dascillidi, Malacodermi e Teredili della Fauna europea e circummediterranea appartenenti alle collezioni del Museo Civico di Genova." url="10.5962/bhl.part.9094" volume="4" year="1873">Baudi (1873)</bibRefCitation>
. However, during the present study it was not possible to re-examine this material. The record of 
<bibRefCitation id="91CDF50EF462A8A3D1B6B5A3CF5F33B7" author="Luigioni, P" journalOrPublisher="Memorie della Pontificia Accademia delle Scienze, I Nuovi Lincei" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" title="I Coleotteri d'Italia. Catalogo sinonimico-topografico-bibliografico." volume="13" year="1929">Luigioni (1929)</bibRefCitation>
for Liguria, is probably based on the above cited specimen collected in 1910, since A. Dodero from the Museo civico di Storia naturale (Genoa), previously sent many unpublished records from this region to his best friend, P. Luigioni (R. Poggi, pers. comm., 2016).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9CDA261974CAD950B4ADF5651B51209E" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
Most of the above-mentioned Italian literature records provide only the region of collection for 
<taxonomicName id="C9DF29ADE15A51C29C54AE943B992510" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys quadricollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricollis">Stephanopachys quadricollis</taxonomicName>
, with the consequence that few precise locations are known. These include: Cugno Ruggeri, 1400-1500 m, on the Pollino Massif in Basilicata (
<bibRefCitation id="14305F6D81A58164F70F057AECD5748C" author="Angelini, F" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="37 - 125" title="Coleotterofauna del Massiccio del Pollino (Basilicata-Calabria) (Coleoptera)." volume="21" year="1986">Angelini 1986</bibRefCitation>
); Camigliatello, 1250-1300 m, on the Sila plateau in Calabria (
<bibRefCitation id="87F2DE057134D909378A1C536250C8DC" author="Angelini, F" journalOrPublisher="Memorie della Societa entomologica italiana" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="171 - 254" title="Coleotterofauna dell'Altipiano della Sila (Calabria, Italia) (Coleoptera)." volume="70" year="1991">Angelini 1991</bibRefCitation>
); contrada Tremonti near Messina (
<bibRefCitation id="ED22F5D12EC6EE774DD9ABB498C65E59" author="Vitale, F" journalOrPublisher="Memorie della Societa entomologica italiana" pageId="10" pageNumber="75" pagination="44 - 54" title="Coleotteri nuovi o poco conosciuti di Sicilia." volume="6" year="1928">Vitale 1928</bibRefCitation>
), and Messina (
<bibRefCitation id="E918CBD3CD07F09F7AFAE9069A84D571" author="Luigioni, P" journalOrPublisher="Memorie della Pontificia Accademia delle Scienze, I Nuovi Lincei" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" title="I Coleotteri d'Italia. Catalogo sinonimico-topografico-bibliografico." volume="13" year="1929">Luigioni 1929</bibRefCitation>
) in Sicily. 
<taxonomicName id="129F0A923E94D27CEFA7B968524272DD" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys quadricollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricollis">Stephanopachys quadricollis</taxonomicName>
was collected from very few coastal regions in Italy. These include localities in Sicily and Mount of Portofino in Liguria (see material examined). In Sicily, Vitale (1927) collected a specimen of this species beating 
<taxonomicName id="6E8CB6A0AE75ED575486BAEE2C251F76" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Juglans" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Juglans regia" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="regia">Juglans regia</taxonomicName>
tree on the 1st of April 1927.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C9D1680302EFD7697A3FC99B3D85EF6D" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
The occurrence of 
<taxonomicName id="342D6F3828A3823C2E5E52EA5C6CD7EF" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys quadricollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricollis">Stephanopachys quadricollis</taxonomicName>
in Malta, is not the sole insular record so far known; this species is also recorded from the Balearic Islands (cf. 
<bibRefCitation id="304A81A22E94F1213CABD5B390D596A9" author="Bahillo de la Puebla, P" journalOrPublisher="Heteropterus Revista de Entomologia" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="147 - 227" title="Los Bostrichidae Latreille, 1802 de la fauna ibero-balear (Coleoptera)." volume="7" year="2007">Bahillo de la Puebla et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
), from Meleda Island in Croatia (
<bibRefCitation id="515D95AC9993068462AFA5F03CB23CC5" author="Ganglbauer, CL" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" pagination="645 - 660" title="Verzeichnis der auf der dalmatischen Insel Meleda vorkommenden Koleopteren nach den Sammelergebnissen des Herrn Frostrates Alois Gobanz." volume="54" year="1904">Ganglbauer 1904</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="D5537B5E86AB2DE211643B6CD8E7ABB5" author="Vrydagh, JM" journalOrPublisher="Bullettin. Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique" pageId="10" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 23" title="Contribution a l'etude des Bostrychidae. 27. - Collection du Musee d'Histoire naturelle Senckenberg a Francfort-sur-Main." volume="37" year="1961">Vrydagh 1961</bibRefCitation>
) and from Lesbos Island in Greece (
<bibRefCitation id="5F80E018DEE6C88B03B19AF1717F1E2C" author="Sahlberg, J" journalOrPublisher="Oefversigt af Finska Vetenskaps-Societetens Foerhandlingar" pageId="9" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 76" title="Entomologiska forskningsresor uti trakterna vid oestra Medelhafvet foeretagna af John Sahlberg och has son Unio Saalas under aeren 1903 och 1904." volume="55 A" year="1913 a">Sahlberg 1913a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="871111C02EDF71FB867416A807186AB0" author="Sahlberg, J" journalOrPublisher="Oefversigt af Finska Vetenskaps-Societetens Foerhandlingar" pageId="9" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 281" title="Coleoptera mediterranea orientalia, quae in Aegypto, Palaestina, Syria, Caramania atque in Anatolia occidentali anno 1904 collegerunt John Sahlberg et Unio Saalas." volume="55 A" year="1913 b">1913b</bibRefCitation>
). Moreover it is also known to occur in some mainland coastal areas: e.g. Mount of Portofino in northern Italy (see above), in southern France (
<bibRefCitation id="29832CB85E5F6F409B148146AF4E51E4" author="Brustel, H" journalOrPublisher="Revue de l'Association Roussillonnaise d'Entomologie" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="65 - 68" title="Les Bostrichidae Latreille, 1802 de la faune de France: especes autochtones, interceptees, introduites ou susceptibles de l'etre (Coleoptera)." volume="23" year="2014">Brustel and Aberlenc 2014</bibRefCitation>
), in the Iberian Peninsula (
<bibRefCitation id="78A30192C8CD1D6A3436DB7EDC723642" author="Espanol, F" journalOrPublisher="Publicaciones del Instituto de Biologia Aplicada" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" pagination="107 - 135" title="Los bostriquidos de Cataluna y Baleares (Col. Cucujoidea)." volume="21" year="1955">
<normalizedToken id="9F04669899A4661CFFEF955D3F6C4513" originalValue="Español">Espanol</normalizedToken>
1955
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="D1250771937503DC39777099499B8257" author="Espanol, F" journalOrPublisher="Boletin del Servicio de Plagas Forestales" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" pagination="110 - 114" title="Coleopteros xilofilos observados sobre Pinuspinaster en la Sierra de Espadan (Castellon)." volume="8" year="1965">1965</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A6D4F0285E9F6F9E3F48974D48094263" author="Espanol, F" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" pagination="37 - 44" title="Nuevos datos sobre los Bostrychidae de la fauna espanola (Col. Cucujoidea)." volume="28" year="1974">1974</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="134CB2FDAE7BBC9D1FD48BC16ADAB678" author="Bahillo de la Puebla, P" journalOrPublisher="Heteropterus Revista de Entomologia" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="147 - 227" title="Los Bostrichidae Latreille, 1802 de la fauna ibero-balear (Coleoptera)." volume="7" year="2007">Bahillo de la Puebla et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="D4542330A8E4B1E0E20117C6CE17E20A" author="Baena, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica baetica" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="25 - 51" title="Contribucion al estudio de los Bostriquidos de Portugal y actualizacion del catalogo de la fauna iberica (Coleoptera, Bostrichidae)." volume="24" year="2013">Baena and Zuzarte 2013</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="C6C1672F04F595B29B80FE4B76115DED" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys quadricollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricollis">Stephanopachys quadricollis</taxonomicName>
(Fairmaire, 1878) [sic!]) and in Turkey (
<bibRefCitation id="01DC18BF7B264674E058E44F21D4DFB0" author="Vrydagh, JM" journalOrPublisher="Bullettin. Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique" pageId="10" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 47" title="Contribution a l'etude des Bostrychidae (Coleoptera). 31. Troisieme collection du Musee zoologique de l'Universite Humbold a Berlin." volume="38" year="1962">Vrydagh 1962</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="197F03250977B7BA10B00F888DF424DA" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
The native status of 
<taxonomicName id="48C9746EB6EEB058B89C22B3A799CF89" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys quadricollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricollis">Stephanopachys quadricollis</taxonomicName>
in Malta is highly probable considering the fact that is a typical Mediterranean species and that its main host plant, 
<taxonomicName id="2FF2D2306D8677DEDCB884867CBAB36B" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus halepensis" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="halepensis">Pinus halepensis</taxonomicName>
is autochthonous (
<bibRefCitation id="E36C3C905290289273204763D6A1E9CC" author="Haslam, SM" journalOrPublisher="Malta University Press, Msida" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" title="A flora of the Maltese Islands." year="1977">Haslam et al. 1977</bibRefCitation>
). However, an anthropic origin cannot be excluded. The location from where the Maltese specimens were collected is mainly an industrialized area with several pharmaceutical companies however some pine trees are also present. Interceptions of Palaearctic 
<taxonomicName id="054E37722F6785814F54B366E5788394" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stephanopachys</taxonomicName>
species are known in other countries. These include 
<taxonomicName id="08B47F8585594E8CDBA19A54315EB342" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys quadricollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricollis">Stephanopachys quadricollis</taxonomicName>
in Sweden, Germany and Argentina (see above), 
<taxonomicName id="FF8E3FE94CB70CA16FDE218BF20C7281" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys substriatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="substriatus">Stephanopachys substriatus</taxonomicName>
(Paykull, 1800) in Belgium (
<bibRefCitation id="AC5C060CE1CFFDBE7F03EC825ADCE422" author="Coulon, MG" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin &amp; Annales de la Societe royale belge d'entomologie" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" title="Introduction de Stephanopachyssubstriatus (Paykull, 1800) en Belgique (Coleoptera, Bostrichidae)." volume="129" year="1993">Coulon 1993</bibRefCitation>
) and Germany (
<bibRefCitation id="0E895E2BCBCB87B63622B6FC9FBAD346" author="Lucht, WH" journalOrPublisher="Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" title="Die Kaefer Mitteleuropas, Katalog." year="1987">Lucht 1987</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="D515826AE917DA22EBA5F6BBE89C3EF6" author="Koehler, F" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte (Dresden) Beiheft" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" pagination="1 - 185" title="Verzeichnis der Kaefer Deutschlands." volume="4" year="1998">
<normalizedToken id="F004CE28FAFC3B9D41A5C36DE0202269" originalValue="Köhler">Koehler</normalizedToken>
and Klausnitzer 1998
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="18DBC5CA8492591AFA62881FCB459FC2" author="Geis, K-U" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen des Internationalen Entomologischen Vereins, Supplement" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 100" title="Gebietsfremde Splintholz- und Bohrkaefer, nach Mitteleuropa mit Importholz und anderen Guetern eingeschleppt. - Eine Bestandsaufnahme (Coleoptera: Lyctidae, Bostrichidae)." volume="10" year="2002">Geis 2002</bibRefCitation>
), and a southern European unidentified species in USA (
<bibRefCitation id="1CF4164D5CBEA5C7C115DBEE4115DBDB" author="Haack, RA" journalOrPublisher="CORMA, Concepcion, Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" title="Insects intercepted on solid wood packing materials at United States ports-of-entry: 1985 - 1998. In: Quarantine pests, risks for the forestry sector and their effects on foreign trade. Proceedings on CD-ROM of Silvotecna 14, 27 - 28 June 2000, Concepcion, Chile." year="2000">Haack and Cavey 2000</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="B50D8EC542086267EA67BBCE57996F6F" author="Haack, RA" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Forest Research" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" pagination="269 - 288" title="Exotic bark- and wood-boring Coleoptera in the United States: recent establishments and interceptions." url="10.1139/x05-249" volume="36" year="2006">Haack 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A5D4B4918E53035020774026B769971" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
As reported above, the Maltese specimens were taken at UV light. The use of light traps is a useful method to capture 
<taxonomicName id="DC24956BDCC34C57C3D9174F2AA091D7" family="Bostrichidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" rank="family">Bostrichidae</taxonomicName>
. In fact, four other species of this family were previously collected at light in Malta (Nardi and Mifsud 2015), while 17 species were collected during a large light-traps project in Israel (
<bibRefCitation id="6C71333BCB85DDB4C04381CFA1F09A76" author="Chikatunov, V" journalOrPublisher="Buchreiche zur Entomologie" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" pagination="313 - 320" title="The xylophagous beetles (Buprestidae, Lyctidae, Bostrichidae, Anobiidae, Cerambycidae, Scolytidae, Platypodidae) (Coleoptera) collected in the Israeli light trap survey and their association with the major phyto-geographical zones of Israel. Esperiana." volume="12" year="2006">Chikatunov et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
). However, in Israel 
<taxonomicName id="8267BAF18A31B2239D5B053ACB3C884B" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys quadricollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricollis">Stephanopachys quadricollis</taxonomicName>
was not collected in this project possibly due to the 
<pageBreakToken id="2AC0E7E70F2803ABD16EE14A29B4CF08" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" start="start">fact</pageBreakToken>
that its abundance was reported as &quot;sporadic and rare&quot; (
<bibRefCitation id="378D5B67EBD4384DC8416F810712DC50" author="Halperin, J" journalOrPublisher="Israel Journal of Entomology" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" pagination="47 - 53" title="The bostrychid beetles (Coleoptera) of Israel." volume="14" year="1980">Halperin and Damoiseau 1980</bibRefCitation>
: 48). In France, in a large artificial forest of 
<taxonomicName id="F6E6CABCF6157AE742F6FE84249691AE" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus pinaster" order="Pinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinaster">Pinus pinaster</taxonomicName>
, a single specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="1FF0EF13177DAAB004841E06D2E01610" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys quadricollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricollis">Stephanopachys quadricollis</taxonomicName>
was collected by an emergence trap (
<bibRefCitation id="4F5C110599D45483C695D5E0BE5862FF" author="Brin, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of insect conservation" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="653 - 669" title="Diameter of downed woody debris does matter for saproxylic beetle assemblages in temperate oak and pine forests." url="10.1007/s10841-010-9364-5" volume="15" year="2011">Brin et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
), and the capture of 
<taxonomicName id="A4B64A07ACF72E255A5DE3435A8CFB1C" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stephanopachys</taxonomicName>
spp. using intercept traps is rare (
<bibRefCitation id="55C6AB7C06E23641692692AD889B59E6" author="Brustel, H" journalOrPublisher="L'Entomologiste" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="41 - 50" title="Les Stephanopachys de la faune ouest-palearctique (ColeopteraBostrichidae): distribution et reconnaissance des trois especes francaises au service de l'application de la directive Habitats, Faune, Flore." volume="69" year="2013">Brustel et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E28B37A189D3C7F715CD374EDBDC6AFF" pageId="4" pageNumber="69">
In the IUCN Red List of European saproxylic beetles, 
<taxonomicName id="794A6B3CED6591A0A7B2FA4745406B4B" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys quadricollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricollis">Stephanopachys quadricollis</taxonomicName>
is classified as &quot;Least concern&quot; (
<bibRefCitation id="C4EBA548DC5FF1B8B54D6D62FE94183E" author="Nieto, A" journalOrPublisher="Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg" pageId="9" pageNumber="74" title="European Red List of Saproxylic Beetles." year="2010">Nieto and Alexander 2010</bibRefCitation>
), whereas in the Italian list its status is indicated as 
<normalizedToken id="895D13CB5B12A7AF05BFE3E1BF64673B" originalValue="“Vulnerable”">&quot;Vulnerable&quot;</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation id="829DD5D1D684FB6F2F5847EAF8A675F4" author="Nardi, G" editor="Audisio, P" journalOrPublisher="Comitato italiano IUCN e Ministero dell'ambiente e della tutela del territorio e del Mare, Roma" pageId="9" pageNumber="74" title="Famiglia Bostrichidae (including Lyctinae), appendice 1 e schede tecniche on line (www. iucn. it)." volumeTitle="Lista Rossa IUCN dei Coleotteri saproxilici italiani." year="2014">Nardi et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="3E2C0BBD26DABDEBE65897FC056F3CC4" author="Nardi, G" editor="Carpaneto, GM" journalOrPublisher="Fragmenta entomologica" pageId="9" pageNumber="74" volume="47" volumeTitle="A Red List of Italian Saproxylic Beetles: taxonomic overview, ecological features and conservation issues (Coleoptera)." year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
). The only recent Italian record of this species is from the Sila National Park, and this provides further evidence of the coleopterological importance of this Park (cf. 
<bibRefCitation id="5E3D8564E817CFE485F4A6EAA2347DEB" author="Angelini, F" journalOrPublisher="Memorie della Societa entomologica italiana" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="171 - 254" title="Coleotterofauna dell'Altipiano della Sila (Calabria, Italia) (Coleoptera)." volume="70" year="1991">Angelini 1991</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="F8D2E74A97097FCEB21C53A37FB07829" author="Mazzei, A" journalOrPublisher="Quaderno di Studi e Notizie di Storia Naturale della Romagna" pageId="9" pageNumber="74" pagination="81 - 93" title="Coleotteri saproxilobionti del Parco Nazionale della Sila (Calabria)." volume="32" year="2011">Mazzei et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
), where the species probably develops on 
<taxonomicName id="FE652A4E7DE8D67B684EDC191C28AF34" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="ssp." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus nigra" order="Pinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subspecies" species="nigra" subspecies="laricio">Pinus nigra ssp. laricio</taxonomicName>
Maire. This same host plant for 
<taxonomicName id="46425C6C044E9780AAC1E8561D8DF122" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys quadricollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricollis">Stephanopachys quadricollis</taxonomicName>
was also recorded by 
<bibRefCitation id="AB83FD9EB89832816A94B68D6D77553A" author="Sainte-Claire Deville, J" journalOrPublisher="G. Poisson et C 1 e, Caen" pageId="10" pageNumber="75" pagination="401 - 573" title="Catalogue critique des Coleopteres de la Corse" year="1914">Sainte-Claire Deville (1914</bibRefCitation>
: 545) in Corsica. From a conservation point of view, 
<taxonomicName id="E98A10EBC0D11C8B7556994D9046121D" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys quadricollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricollis">Stephanopachys quadricollis</taxonomicName>
is known from other Italian localities such as Pollino and Portofino which are already designated as protected areas and this should therefore contribute towards the survival of this species in Italy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F55F33C4A38CB796F007FF3450200148" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="4" pageNumber="69">
It must be underlined that 
<bibRefCitation id="6F3EC4FC36C593B9821E0FBEFC17F379" author="Heyden, L von" editor="Reitter, E" journalOrPublisher="R. Friedlaender &amp; Sohn, Berlin" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" pagination="467 - 468" title="Bostrychidae." volumeTitle="Catalogus Coleopterorum Europae, Caucasi et Armeniae Rossicae" year="1891">Heyden (1891</bibRefCitation>
: 468) erroneously considered 
<taxonomicName id="1C3CF678C6F97433C7202EB15C6C4D8C" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys quadricollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricollis">Stephanopachys quadricollis</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="21BDDD50889C53DA037E0E05B5A25E24" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys substriatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="substriatus">Stephanopachys substriatus</taxonomicName>
(Paykull, 1800), and attributed the description of the former to 
<normalizedToken id="02606D702936A8C48699EC88E7DFD5B8" originalValue="“Frm.Ab’">&quot;Frm.Ab'</normalizedToken>
. 1879. 83. [= Fairmaire, 1879: 83, 
<normalizedToken id="6EFDC03D8BD74FCF3822EB202E9C39C8" originalValue="L’Abeille])”">L'Abeille])&quot;</normalizedToken>
. Later, he (
<bibRefCitation id="A5666F7ECB556658F3DBF3E057688B06" author="Heyden, L von" editor="Reitter, E" journalOrPublisher="R. Friedlaender &amp; Sohn, Berlin" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" pagination="421 - 422" title="Bostrychidae." volumeTitle="Catalogus Coleopterorum Europae, Caucasi et Armeniae Rossicae" year="1906">Heyden 1906</bibRefCitation>
: 421) citing 
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: 339), listed correctly 
<taxonomicName id="2F9AF2F1CC3DFC1D31873D3D2D7CC105" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stephanopachys</taxonomicName>
&quot; 
<taxonomicName id="9C764691CEAA7585832F8661D32B0252" lsidName="quadricollis" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="quadricollis">quadricollis</taxonomicName>
Mars. 
<normalizedToken id="8F76F7BCCD18D865710B1861312FB042" originalValue="Ab’">Ab'</normalizedToken>
. 1879. 83 [= 
<bibRefCitation id="F1E66BAB907701BAF8D16D7ADB9788F1" author="Marseul, SA de" journalOrPublisher="L'Abeille, Journal d'Entomologie" pageId="9" pageNumber="74" pagination="81 - 84" title="Nouvelles et faits divers de L'Abeille. Deuxieme Serie. - N ° 21. - 1878." volume="19" year="1879">Marseul 1879</bibRefCitation>
: 83]&quot; as a valid species. Fairmaire was indicated as the one who described this species as &quot;(Fairmaire, 1878)&quot; by various recent authors (
<bibRefCitation id="B1EF33CA33D622836CE1239AC45C3446" author="Borowski, J" editor="Loebl, I" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="320 - 328" title="Family Bostrichidae Latreille, 1802." volumeTitle="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Elateroidea, Derodontoidea, Bostrichoidea, Lymexyloidea, Cleroidea, Cucujoidea" year="2007">Borowski 2007</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="CC856B87341FBC523ACE6D82151DB354" author="Baena, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica baetica" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="25 - 51" title="Contribucion al estudio de los Bostriquidos de Portugal y actualizacion del catalogo de la fauna iberica (Coleoptera, Bostrichidae)." volume="24" year="2013">Baena and Zuzarte 2013</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="9DA651B6F71C8C14A41DCD5F6EBE7D8B" author="Nardi, G" editor="Audisio, P" journalOrPublisher="Comitato italiano IUCN e Ministero dell'ambiente e della tutela del territorio e del Mare, Roma" pageId="9" pageNumber="74" title="Famiglia Bostrichidae (including Lyctinae), appendice 1 e schede tecniche on line (www. iucn. it)." volumeTitle="Lista Rossa IUCN dei Coleotteri saproxilici italiani." year="2014">Nardi et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="F054F7A9E312C832B7E27DD25CF0D281" author="Borowski, J" journalOrPublisher="Wydawnictwo Mantis, Olsztyn" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" title="The Powderpost Beetles of the World (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Keys for Identification of Species" year="2012">
Borowski and 
<normalizedToken id="A9111FA3F6F007491E03E0DF9E893A3D" originalValue="Węgrzynowicz">Wegrzynowicz</normalizedToken>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="31ABA729E4BDCBBA4D6E60A334757F73" author="Nardi, G" editor="Carpaneto, GM" journalOrPublisher="Fragmenta entomologica" pageId="9" pageNumber="74" volume="47" volumeTitle="A Red List of Italian Saproxylic Beetles: taxonomic overview, ecological features and conservation issues (Coleoptera)." year="2015">Nardi et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
) or as &quot;(Fairmaire in Marseul, 1878)&quot; by others (
<bibRefCitation id="BE74F722A514278258213EA647B45541" author="Borowski, J" journalOrPublisher="Mantis Publishing, Olsztyn" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" title="World catalogue of Bostrichidae (Coleoptera)." year="2007">
Borowski and 
<normalizedToken id="D77F50762A72EFB7EE31AA6DDA6C3792" originalValue="Węgrzynowicz">Wegrzynowicz</normalizedToken>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="1865A4030BF67E4001410DD8AEA653E4" author="Liu, L-Y" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" title="Microstructural Characters of Lyctinae and Dinoderinae (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)." url="10.1155/2010/607568" volume="Volume 2010" year="2010">Liu 2010</bibRefCitation>
). Nevertheless, this authorship is erroneous, since, this species was described by 
<bibRefCitation id="0FE080D6EC93D08F34F132AA1F15D046" author="Marseul, SA de" journalOrPublisher="L'Abeille, Journal d'Entomologie" pageId="9" pageNumber="74" pagination="81 - 84" title="Nouvelles et faits divers de L'Abeille. Deuxieme Serie. - N ° 21. - 1878." volume="19" year="1879">Marseul (1879</bibRefCitation>
: 83), as &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="2F531601F8BE1DEF8F32F185922D19A4" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Dinoderus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dinoderus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dinoderus</taxonomicName>
4-collis Fairm.&quot;, who also wrote: &quot;Discovered by M. Lamey, and described by M. Leon Fairmaire, I do not know where&quot; [translated]. Probably, the material described by 
<bibRefCitation id="A94476807F9D22F76D83914E5CB8F805" author="Marseul, SA de" journalOrPublisher="L'Abeille, Journal d'Entomologie" pageId="9" pageNumber="74" pagination="81 - 84" title="Nouvelles et faits divers de L'Abeille. Deuxieme Serie. - N ° 21. - 1878." volume="19" year="1879">Marseul (1879)</bibRefCitation>
was labeled as &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="DB2756672837C6557346DF548834FB72" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Dinoderus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dinoderus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dinoderus</taxonomicName>
4-collis Fairm.&quot;, but this was an unpublished name. In fact, 
<bibRefCitation id="94C881CDEBBDD6A9BBF4C556C6E9F209" author="Bedel, L" journalOrPublisher="L'Abeille, Journal d'Entomologie" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="149 - 150" title="Note sur le genre Stephanopachys Waterh. (Dinoderus auct.) et synopsis des especes de l'Ancien Monde." volume="28" year="1894">Bedel (1894</bibRefCitation>
: 149, footnote 3) wrote: &quot;This species [= 
<taxonomicName id="0C5F506612BBE0CC3575B29C2B3E2790" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys quadricollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricollis">Stephanopachys quadricollis</taxonomicName>
Mars.] was never described by Fairmaire; its first description appeared on 
<normalizedToken id="5AE0AC3889896767692E5EB775128E8B" originalValue="L’">L'</normalizedToken>
Abeille, XVIII, Nouv. [2], p. 83 (1878). I saw the type [see also 
<bibRefCitation id="4A061AA482AD3470AD6BBA375079C460" author="Vrydagh, JM" journalOrPublisher="Bullettin. Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique" pageId="10" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 47" title="Contribution a l'etude des Bostrychidae (Coleoptera). 31. Troisieme collection du Musee zoologique de l'Universite Humbold a Berlin." volume="38" year="1962">Vrydagh (1962</bibRefCitation>
: 6)] of S. de Marseul, belonging to M. A. Lamey&quot; [translated]. This opinion was followed by almost all other authors (e.g. 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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, as 
<taxonomicName id="37F48EA684D047548750C3513DA5C2BC" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys quadricollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricollis">Stephanopachys quadricollis</taxonomicName>
Marsh. [sic!], 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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), nevertheless as stated by 
<bibRefCitation id="E090566695CD5588AEDE2D2DA75E4FAD" author="Heyden, L von" editor="Reitter, E" journalOrPublisher="R. Friedlaender &amp; Sohn, Berlin" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" pagination="467 - 468" title="Bostrychidae." volumeTitle="Catalogus Coleopterorum Europae, Caucasi et Armeniae Rossicae" year="1891">Heyden (1891</bibRefCitation>
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) and by other authors (
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<normalizedToken id="9B810E39D5ADDB71F4B2273C989123A8" originalValue="López-Colón">Lopez-Colon</normalizedToken>
2000
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, 
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<normalizedToken id="319EE118B79CD163EF718F9E56BA3205" originalValue="López-Colón">Lopez-Colon</normalizedToken>
et. al. 2001
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, 
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), the year when 
<taxonomicName id="48C04324AA613214498CEA888D0F021F" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys quadricollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricollis">Stephanopachys quadricollis</taxonomicName>
was described 
<pageBreakToken id="3B12C6D90CAC95800B3B59826AD60A9E" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" start="start">is</pageBreakToken>
1879 and not 1878. The year 1878 was included in the title of number 21 of the section &quot;Nouvelles et Faits divers de 
<normalizedToken id="A3EAD4926497885792ABB232205ACA59" originalValue="L’Abeille”">L'Abeille&quot;</normalizedToken>
that includes the original description of this species (
<bibRefCitation id="C6D209228FFBAFBC585448186A4EC8D0" author="Marseul, SA de" journalOrPublisher="L'Abeille, Journal d'Entomologie" pageId="9" pageNumber="74" pagination="81 - 84" title="Nouvelles et faits divers de L'Abeille. Deuxieme Serie. - N ° 21. - 1878." volume="19" year="1879">Marseul 1879</bibRefCitation>
). Numbers 18-25 of this section belong to volume 17 of 1879 and this information is also reported in the &quot;Tables of Contents&quot; [translated] of the same volume.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4CD56C9CACDABBDEC4C5D1A4FC7877B3" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">
Finally, 
<bibRefCitation id="ADB898B8DAEFA0532DD8C512CA9D3401" author="Kocher, L" journalOrPublisher="Travaux de l'Institut Scientifique Cherifien (Serie zoologie)" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" pagination="1 - 136" title="Catalogue commente des Coleopteres du Maroc, fascicule IV. Clavicornes et groupes voisins." volume="11" year="1956">Kocher (1956</bibRefCitation>
: 114) published an unjustified emendation (
<bibRefCitation id="C70A678656410F19BCF339FDC1BE901D" author="Heyden, L von" journalOrPublisher="International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" title="International code of zoological nomenclature. Fourth edition adopted by the International Union of Biological Sciences." year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
, art. 33.2.1) of 
<taxonomicName id="B663589C29FBA09867D9BDCAC32592D0" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys quadricollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricollis">Stephanopachys quadricollis</taxonomicName>
: &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="76612CABC3DEB002020F2075EAE70535" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys quadraticollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadraticollis">Stephanopachys quadraticollis</taxonomicName>
(err. 
<taxonomicName id="9E6EAD1B2D63E89F48E8869ABA8795FA" lsidName="quadricollis" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="quadricollis">quadricollis</taxonomicName>
) Mars.&quot;. Unfortunately, this name is an available one (
<bibRefCitation id="518D4088438FD8B41241D8DA834CEB0A" author="Heyden, L von" journalOrPublisher="International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" title="International code of zoological nomenclature. Fourth edition adopted by the International Union of Biological Sciences." year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
, art. 19.1) and so the following synonymy is here established: 
<taxonomicName id="7C093DCC634A3EC177188C07627888EC" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys quadricollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricollis">Stephanopachys quadricollis</taxonomicName>
(Marseul, 1879: 83) = 
<taxonomicName id="BC8895EEBBA58A0F27DE70B51B8A3882" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Stephanopachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stephanopachys quadraticollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadraticollis">Stephanopachys quadraticollis</taxonomicName>
Kocher, 1956: 114, syn. n.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>