251 lines
22 KiB
XML
251 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<document id="596B1E4583D8C7D8DC7D23FE604F646C" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4261.1.1SLASH10958" ID-CLB-Dataset="33106" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.571608" ID-GBIF-Dataset="06d40acc-4fc2-4de6-9aab-96f3776ef44c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="571608" ID-ZooBank="C097C43E-D522-46C4-9D64-76D3CD4BAD86" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1493970500952" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Takaoka, Hiroyuki, Sofian-Azirun, Mohd, Ya’Cob, Zubaidah, Chen, Chee Dhang, Lau, Koon Weng, Low, Van Lun, Pham, Xuan Da & Adler, Peter H." docDate="2017" docId="7E4B87AFB175A241FF2BFEA2FBB8FB80" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4261.1.1SLASH10958.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4261 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Simulium (Nevermannia) aureohirtum Brunetti 1911" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="8272FFD7B136A202FFBCFFCCFF96FFDA" masterDocTitle="The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam" masterLastPageNumber="165" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="68" updateTime="1698439275578" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4666DD615F0A8870E71570415F22594C">
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<mods:title id="A17F2B143B53401CF4063AEAEF5CA223">The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="6FA5D7A81A33379354F90F9C5E041DE7" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8C6FB426531120F4EC7D3C76B07DBB57">Takaoka, Hiroyuki</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="1D34C0F169CD6C5B88CEEFC22701841B" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="46E5E7C9DC7F08A949F609276BEA5E66">Sofian-Azirun, Mohd</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="C92153B614E14695C9A6AA1D86923F6C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A607BAD4F5FD8706B823948844A71D74">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="6B96B7C4F1E9E6D75E7090F20836858D">Ya’Cob, Zubaidah</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="710A9EAF4FA8E1D8A110E23E2789CF06" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="756C2DA8961A2A5A5874914045AB6332">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C83D2AA414AEEE475EF0140D9D51E640">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C9B2C3E18F3B9305C5689C6AED2A9D23">Chen, Chee Dhang</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D8D0FA3FA690C3937BA3B023AD914684" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="4C585171F3C3B840106972E77FAF4ED1">Lau, Koon Weng</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="15EE594B5C2913ABCFDD78E5B8223304">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8307CFDC0CF295B7249CDDB336A871D0">Low, Van Lun</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="6DDF9ACC4CAC1396B9BFB8D7918F39AC" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="4B106A2A6A1F1450C9600831C8DDA01C">Pham, Xuan Da</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="086DF70492EC92AF4E06678537531806" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1A092589394AB149E7D6BD09F3D4F0B8">Adler, Peter H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="49C5B0DCE06ACC943599878B9B05ED9C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="64B3801B0D520B9D9151189F2FB074CE">
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<mods:title id="693F0CDECCDBBDCAFB77804E5BB956DD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="0078E2E996CD44C2008950463C93E75E">
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<mods:date id="668E092FF7631F52FC22B2713F30A936">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E11E1791DEDBB17C213B3CED3A6CDA07" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C224E9472A68738633A406B0043F263C">4261</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="E6844D256702E0AAEDDF48FE7093A489" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="ADCAA48AD023CC65FA2F812A99D7135C">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="EBC907AA22745E50C638899FE27F3C35">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="4B0681BCDF3C2A8F3E6A38518C628D20">165</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="D92086879C206CFCF6B2972C433989ED">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3170BD6D6AAE938E4C58C3C49CA3E804" type="CLB-Dataset">33106</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B9478B4171329AB9F31B787607DD4E12" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.571608</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7CEC3ED521F6095E5892109ACB48ED66" type="GBIF-Dataset">06d40acc-4fc2-4de6-9aab-96f3776ef44c</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AC6BF7891F7CD70F9A423D48BDC44E0F" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3C1EDFD55FEECED19F905B5EF037A76D" type="Zenodo-Dep">571608</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F937CD1C684569A838D506A8E5EADC3E" type="ZooBank">C097C43E-D522-46C4-9D64-76D3CD4BAD86</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="7E4B87AFB175A241FF2BFEA2FBB8FB80" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927539" ID-GBIF-Taxon="128848463" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4927539" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E4B87AFB175A241FF2BFEA2FBB8FB80" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E4B87AFB175A241FF2BFEA2FBB8FB80" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<subSubSection id="BEF86532B175A241FF2BFEA2FCB0FE52" box="[151,806,366,392]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F65D36B9B175A241FF2BFEA2FCB0FE52" blockId="67.[151,806,366,392]" box="[151,806,366,392]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<heading id="AD1581D5B175A241FF2BFEA2FCB0FE52" bold="true" box="[151,806,366,392]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB175A241FF2BFEA2FCB0FE52" ID-CoL="8DY2H" authority="Brunetti, 1911" authorityName="Brunetti" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,806,366,392]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureohirtum" subGenus="Nevermannia">
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<emphasis id="C496EAABB175A241FF2BFEA2FCB0FE52" bold="true" box="[151,806,366,392]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="C496EAABB175A241FF2BFEA2FE99FE52" bold="true" box="[151,271,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Simulium</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="C496EAABB175A241FEA3FEA2FE55FE52" bold="true" box="[287,451,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Nevermannia</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="C496EAABB175A241FE68FEA2FDFBFE52" bold="true" box="[468,621,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">aureohirtum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="92734B48B175A241FDC8FEA2FCB0FE52" author="Brunetti" box="[628,806,366,392]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Brunetti, E. (1911) New Oriental Nematocera. Record of Indian Museum, 4, 282 - 288." type="journal article" year="1911">Brunetti, 1911</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BEF86532B175A241FF2BFE7CFBA2FD2B" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="F65D36B9B175A241FF2BFE7CFD5CFE1C" blockId="67.[151,1436,432,576]" box="[151,714,432,454]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="D6F21197B175A241FF2BFE7CFD5CFE1C" box="[151,714,432,454]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB175A241FF2BFE7CFDD2FE1C" ID-CoL="8DY2H" authority="Brunetti, 1911: 283" authorityName="Brunetti" authorityPageNumber="283" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,580,432,454]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureohirtum">
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<emphasis id="C496EAABB175A241FF2BFE7CFEECFE1C" box="[151,378,432,454]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Simulium aureohirtum</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="774310A8B175A241FE3DFE7CFDD2FE1C" author="Brunetti" box="[385,580,432,454]" page="283" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" year="1911">
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<bibRefCitation id="92734B48B175A241FE3DFE7CFD83FE1C" author="Brunetti" box="[385,533,432,454]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Brunetti, E. (1911) New Oriental Nematocera. Record of Indian Museum, 4, 282 - 288." type="journal article" year="1911">Brunetti, 1911</bibRefCitation>
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: 283
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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–288 (Male).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F65D36B9B175A241FF2BFE02FD18FDD9" blockId="67.[151,1436,432,576]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="D6F21197B175A241FF2BFE02FD18FDD9" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB175A241FF2BFE02FD59FE3E" ID-CoL="8DY2H" authority="Ogata, 1956: 61" authorityName="Ogata" authorityPageNumber="61" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,719,462,485]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureohirtum" subGenus="Nevermannia">
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<emphasis id="C496EAABB175A241FF2BFE02FF61FE3E" box="[151,247,462,484]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Simulium</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="C496EAABB175A241FEBAFE1CFE18FE3F" box="[262,398,464,485]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Nevermannia</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="C496EAABB175A241FE22FE02FD8AFE3E" box="[414,540,462,484]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">aureohirtum</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="774310A8B175A241FD97FE02FD59FE3E" author="Ogata" box="[555,719,462,484]" page="61" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" year="1956">
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<bibRefCitation id="92734B48B175A241FD97FE02FD3DFE3E" author="Ogata" box="[555,683,462,484]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Ogata, K. (1956) Notes on Simuliidae of the Ryukyu Islands (Diptera). Japanese Journal of Medical Science and Biology, 9, 59 - 69." type="journal article" year="1956">Ogata, 1956</bibRefCitation>
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: 61
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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–62;
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<treatmentCitation id="774310A8B175A241FCB8FE02FC2EFE3E" author="Ogata" box="[772,952,462,484]" page="129" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" year="1966">
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<bibRefCitation id="92734B48B175A241FCB8FE02FC12FE3E" author="Ogata" box="[772,900,462,484]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Ogata, K. (1966) Additional notes on Simuliidae of the Ryukyu Islands (Diptera). Kontyu, 34, 123 - 130." type="journal article" year="1966">Ogata, 1966</bibRefCitation>
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: 129
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="774310A8B175A241FC7FFE02FA96FE3E" author="Takaoka" box="[963,1280,462,484]" page="194" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" year="1988">
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<bibRefCitation id="92734B48B175A241FC7FFE02FB58FE3E" author="Takaoka" box="[963,1230,462,484]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Takaoka, H. & Roberts, D. M. (1988) Notes on blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Sulawesi, Indonesia. Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 16, 191 - 219." type="journal article" year="1988">Takaoka & Roberts, 1988</bibRefCitation>
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: 194
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</treatmentCitation>
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–195; Takaoka, 2003: 37–45 (Female, male, pupa and larva).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F65D36B9B175A241FF2BFDC0FE3FFD9A" blockId="67.[151,1436,432,576]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="D6F21197B175A241FF2BFDC0FE3FFD9A" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<taxonomicName id="31E24D3AB175A241FF2BFDC0FD23FDF8" ID-CoL="8DY2H" authority="Puri, 1933c: 1" authorityName="Puri" authorityPageNumber="1" authorityYear="1933" box="[151,693,524,546]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureohirtum" subGenus="Eusimulium">
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<emphasis id="C496EAABB175A241FF2BFDC0FF61FDF8" box="[151,247,524,546]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Simulium</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="C496EAABB175A241FEB5FDC0FE14FDF8" box="[265,386,524,546]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Eusimulium</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="C496EAABB175A241FE28FDC0FD87FDF8" box="[404,529,524,546]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">aureohirtum</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="774310A8B175A241FD9FFDC0FD23FDF8" author="Puri" box="[547,693,524,546]" page="1" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" year="1933">
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<bibRefCitation id="92734B48B175A241FD9FFDC0FD08FDF8" author="Puri" box="[547,670,524,546]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Puri, I. M. (1933 c) Studies on Indian Simuliidae. Part VIII. Descriptions of larvae, pupae, males and females of S. aureohirtum Brunetti and S. aureum Fries. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 21 (1), 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1933" yearSuffix="c">Puri, 1933c</bibRefCitation>
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: 1
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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–7 (Female, male, pupa and larva); Takaoka, 1979: 382–384 (Female, male, pupa and larva).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F65D36B9B175A241FF2BFDA1FBA2FD2B" blockId="67.[151,1437,621,1114]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<materialsCitation id="468A3CE4B175A241FF2BFDA1FBA2FD2B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1500194459" collectingDate="2015-12-11" collectorName="H. Takaoka & M. Sofian-Azirun & C. D. Chen & K. W. Lau." country="Vietnam" elevation="80" location="Chau Dinh" municipality="Quy Chau" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nghe An Province">
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<emphasis id="C496EAABB175A241FF2BFDA1FE01FD5C" bold="true" box="[151,407,621,646]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
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Two males (reared from pupae), one pupal exuviae and one mature larva, collected from a stream (width
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<quantity id="311A9B5CB175A241FE81FD5EFE1EFD73" box="[317,392,658,682]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
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, depth
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<quantity id="311A9B5CB175A241FE61FD5DFD8FFD73" box="[477,537,657,682]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
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, bottom sandy, water temperature 18.0˚C, exposed to the sun,
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<elevation id="7DCFD18AB175A241FB56FD5DFA01FD73" box="[1258,1431,657,682]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="m" value="80.0">
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elevation
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<quantity id="311A9B5CB175A241FAE6FD5EFA01FD73" box="[1370,1431,658,682]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="m" value="80.0">80 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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, 19˚20’12.147”N/105˚09’15.908”E) slow flowing near a forest,
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<location id="F33D6062B175A241FCE6FD79FC40FD14" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E4B87AFB175A241FF2BFEA2FBB8FB80:F33D6062B175A241FCE6FD79FC40FD14" box="[858,982,693,718]" country="Vietnam" municipality="Quy Chau" name="Chau Dinh" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" stateProvince="Nghe An Province">Chau Dinh</location>
|
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="1639ACC3B175A241FC5DFD7AFBC0FD14" box="[993,1110,693,718]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Quy Chau</collectingMunicipality>
|
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,
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<collectingRegion id="3426F85BB175A241FBDCFD79FAA5FD14" box="[1120,1331,693,718]" country="Vietnam" name="Nghe An" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
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Nghe
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<collectingRegion id="3426F85BB175A241FB1FFD7AFAA5FD14" box="[1187,1331,693,718]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">An Province</collectingRegion>
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</collectingRegion>
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, northern
|
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<collectingCountry id="8EF57629B175A241FF2BFD15FF6FFD28" box="[151,249,729,754]" name="Vietnam" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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,
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<date id="825C1079B175A241FEB8FD15FE05FD28" box="[260,403,729,754]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="2015-12-11">
|
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<collectingDate id="9218E991B175A241FEB8FD15FE05FD28" box="[260,403,729,754]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="2015-12-11">11-XII-2015</collectingDate>
|
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</date>
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, by
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<collectorName id="5B17536FB175A241FE7DFD16FDD2FD28" box="[449,580,729,754]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">H. Takaoka</collectorName>
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,
|
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<collectorName id="5B17536FB175A241FDECFD16FC8CFD28" box="[592,794,729,754]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">M. Sofian-Azirun</collectorName>
|
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,
|
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<collectorName id="5B17536FB175A241FC99FD16FC0AFD28" box="[805,924,729,754]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">C.D. Chen</collectorName>
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&
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<collectorName id="5B17536FB175A241FC7CFD16FBA2FD2B" box="[960,1076,730,753]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">K.W. Lau.</collectorName>
|
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</materialsCitation>
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="BEF86532B175A241FF7BFD31FC43FCE0" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="distribution">
|
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<paragraph id="F65D36B9B175A241FF7BFD31FC43FCE0" blockId="67.[151,1437,621,1114]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
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<emphasis id="C496EAABB175A241FF7BFD31FECFFCCC" bold="true" box="[199,345,765,790]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Distribution</emphasis>
|
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.
|
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<collectingCountry id="8EF57629B175A241FED1FD31FE3FFCCC" box="[365,425,765,790]" name="India" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">India</collectingCountry>
|
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,
|
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<collectingCountry id="8EF57629B175A241FE07FD31FD99FCCC" box="[443,527,765,790]" name="Bhutan" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
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|
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,
|
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<collectingCountry id="8EF57629B175A241FD9CFD31FDF0FCCC" box="[544,614,765,790]" name="China" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">China</collectingCountry>
|
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|
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,
|
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|
<collectingCountry id="8EF57629B175A241FDCBFD32FD28FCCC" box="[631,702,766,790]" name="Guam" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Guam</collectingCountry>
|
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,
|
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|
<collectingCountry id="8EF57629B175A241FD73FD31FCA9FCCC" box="[719,831,765,790]" name="Indonesia" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
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,
|
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<collectingCountry id="8EF57629B175A241FCECFD32FC05FCCF" box="[848,915,766,789]" name="Japan" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
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,
|
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|
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<collectingCountry id="8EF57629B175A241FC18FD31FB98FCCC" box="[932,1038,765,790]" name="Malaysia" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
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|
|
,
|
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|
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<collectingCountry id="8EF57629B175A241FBA3FD31FBF3FCCC" box="[1055,1125,765,790]" name="Nepal" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
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,
|
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<collectingCountry id="8EF57629B175A241FBCAFD31FB4EFCCC" box="[1142,1240,765,790]" name="Pakistan" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
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|
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,
|
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|
|
<collectingCountry id="8EF57629B175A241FB55FD31FAFCFCCC" box="[1257,1386,765,790]" name="Philippines" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
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|
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,
|
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|
|
<collectingCountry id="8EF57629B175A241FAC7FD31FF76FCE0" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
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|
|
<collectingRegion id="3426F85BB175A241FAC7FD31FA0AFCCC" box="[1403,1436,765,790]" country="United Kingdom" name="Surrey" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Sri</collectingRegion>
|
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|
Lanka
|
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|
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</collectingCountry>
|
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|
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,
|
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|
|
<collectingCountry id="8EF57629B175A241FF57FCEDFED6FCE0" box="[235,320,801,826]" name="Taiwan" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
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|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="8EF57629B175A241FEF7FCEDFE27FCE0" box="[331,433,801,826]" name="Thailand" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
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|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="8EF57629B175A241FE00FCEDFD8DFCE0" box="[444,539,801,826]" name="Vietnam" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
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|
|
(
|
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|
|
<collectingRegion id="3426F85BB175A241FD96FCEEFD31FCE0" box="[554,679,802,826]" country="Vietnam" name="Lam Dong" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Lam Dong</collectingRegion>
|
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|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="3426F85BB175A241FD0EFCEDFC8EFCE0" box="[690,792,801,826]" country="Vietnam" name="Nghe An" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Nghe An</collectingRegion>
|
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|
|
and
|
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|
|
<collectingRegion id="3426F85BB175A241FCF2FCEDFC5FFCE0" box="[846,969,801,826]" country="Vietnam" name="Vinh Phuc" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Vinh Phuc</collectingRegion>
|
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|
).
|
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|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="BEF86532B175A241FF7BFC89FBB8FB80" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="discussion">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="F65D36B9B175A241FF7BFC89FBB8FB80" blockId="67.[151,1437,621,1114]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
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|
|
<emphasis id="C496EAABB175A241FF7BFC89FEA2FC84" bold="true" box="[199,308,837,862]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Remarks</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. This species is characterized by the unique female and male genitalia, pupal gill with six filaments and larval head capsule with bold head spots (Takaoka 2003). This is the only autogenous species in the Oriental Region, of which the female can develop the first batch of eggs without blood-meals (
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="92734B48B175A241FBCFFC41FA06FC7C" author="Takaoka" box="[1139,1424,909,934]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Takaoka, H. & Noda, S. (1979) Autogeny of the black fly Simulium (Eusimulium) aureohirtum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 15 (2), 183 - 184." type="journal article" year="1979">Takaoka and Noda 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
|
). The pupae and larvae of this species appear to be highly adapted to relatively high water temperatures, slow flow and even somewhat muddy or contaminated waters, where most other simuliid species do not occur (Takaoka 2003). As noted previously (
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="92734B48B175A241FE6AFC35FD53FBC8" author="Takaoka" box="[470,709,1017,1042]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Takaoka, H., Sofian-Azirun, M., Ya'cob, Z., Chen, C. D., Lau, K. W. & Pham, H. T. (2014 a) New species and records of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Vinh Phuc Province, Vietnam. Zootaxa, 3838 (3), 347 - 366. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3838.3.6" type="journal article" year="2014" yearSuffix="a">
|
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|
|
Takaoka
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="C496EAABB175A241FD81FC36FDF8FBCB" box="[573,622,1017,1041]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">et al</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. 2014a
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), these capabilities, together with other factors, may explain why this species is widely distributed in the Oriental Region and extends into the Palearctic and Australasian Regions. Alternatively, given its wide grographical range, it might be a complex of species.
|
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|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
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|
|
</document>
|