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<mods:title id="F9061EB24A22457A1D63A08194DC2AEC">Morphology and morphometry of Lycaenid eggs (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="F62736B2536EFFC8FF58FCB478AA6CF9" blockId="4.[151,466,893,952]" box="[151,466,893,919]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
<heading id="AD6F81DE536EFFC8FF58FCB478AA6CF9" bold="true" box="[151,466,893,919]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" reason="1">
<emphasis id="C4ECEAA0536EFFC8FF58FCB478AA6CF9" bold="true" box="[151,466,893,919]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="31984D31536EFFC8FF22FCB478AA6CF9" ID-CoL="9CJ2Q" ID-ENA="265359" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[237,466,893,919]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4ECEAA0536EFFC8FF22FCB4782A6CF9" bold="true" box="[237,338,893,919]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Lycaena</emphasis>
Fabricius
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</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="BE826539536EFFC8FF58FC5678E16CD6" box="[151,409,927,952]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" type="description">
<paragraph id="F62736B2536EFFC8FF58FC5678E16CD6" blockId="4.[151,466,893,952]" box="[151,409,927,952]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
(
<figureCitation id="6EA32A37536EFFC8FF50FC5679946CD6" box="[159,236,927,952]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1760,1782]" captionTargetBox="[173,1418,206,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1739]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Scanning electron microscope photographs of a general view of the egg and the detail of the annular zone of the eggs of Lycaena phlaeas (A, B), L. helle (C, D), and L. tityrus (E, F). Scale bars 200 Μm (A, C, E), 20 Μm (B, D), and 50 Μm (F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234856/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
Figs.
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,
<figureCitation id="6EA32A37536EFFC8FF35FC6978726CD6" box="[250,266,928,952]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,209,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1764]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Scanning electron microscope photographs of a general view of the egg and the detail of the annular zone of the eggs of Lycaena bleusei (A, B), L. virgaurae (C, D), and L. alciphron (E, F). Scale bars 200 Μm (A, C, E) and 50 Μm (B, D, F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234857/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">2</figureCitation>
, and
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AB)
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<subSubSection id="BE826539536EFFC8FF58FC2E7A376A99" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F62736B2536EFFC8FF58FC2E7A376A99" blockId="4.[151,1437,999,1528]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
This genus has a very distinctive egg morphology pattern consisting on cells of crater like appearance and with hexagonal or rounded forms. The most distinctive species of the group is
<taxonomicName id="31984D31536EFFC8FC14FBC47CE46B4B" authority="Denis &amp; Schiffermuller" authorityName="Denis &amp; Schiffermuller" box="[987,1436,1036,1061]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helle">
<emphasis id="C4ECEAA0536EFFC8FC14FBC47D0F6B4B" box="[987,1143,1036,1061]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Lycaena helle</emphasis>
(Denis &amp; Schiffermüller)
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(
<figureCitation id="6EA32A37536EFFC8FF50FBE679A76B26" box="[159,223,1071,1096]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1760,1782]" captionTargetBox="[173,1418,206,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1739]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Scanning electron microscope photographs of a general view of the egg and the detail of the annular zone of the eggs of Lycaena phlaeas (A, B), L. helle (C, D), and L. tityrus (E, F). Scale bars 200 Μm (A, C, E), 20 Μm (B, D), and 50 Μm (F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234856/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
Fig.
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C, D) in which the micropyle is deeply-set within a cavity and the cell walls are extremely swollen, with a rounded appearance and scattered aeropyles. The other species also show annular areas in a depression formed by semicircular smooth walled profound cells and the micropylar rosette with three to five petals. Micropylar openings can be found in the centre of the rosette and can also be variable in number. In
<taxonomicName id="31984D31536EFFC8FBA3FB547C186BDB" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[1132,1376,1180,1205]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phlaeas">
<emphasis id="C4ECEAA0536EFFC8FBA3FB547D986BDB" box="[1132,1248,1180,1205]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">L. phlaeas</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
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(
<figureCitation id="6EA32A37536EFFC8FAA1FB5579D96BB6" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1760,1782]" captionTargetBox="[173,1418,206,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1739]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Scanning electron microscope photographs of a general view of the egg and the detail of the annular zone of the eggs of Lycaena phlaeas (A, B), L. helle (C, D), and L. tityrus (E, F). Scale bars 200 Μm (A, C, E), 20 Μm (B, D), and 50 Μm (F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234856/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
Fig.
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A, B) the chorionic sculpturing is formed by large cells with star shaped outlines, each with five or six tips. Aeropyles can be found on the tips of the starred structures. The egg of
<taxonomicName id="31984D31536EFFC8FC7DFB2C7DE36B93" authority="Oberthur" authorityName="Oberthur" box="[946,1179,1252,1277]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bleusei">
<emphasis id="C4ECEAA0536EFFC8FC7DFB2C7D666B93" box="[946,1054,1252,1277]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">L. bleusei</emphasis>
(Oberthür)
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(
<figureCitation id="6EA32A37536EFFC8FB64FB2D7D946B92" box="[1195,1260,1252,1277]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,209,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1764]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Scanning electron microscope photographs of a general view of the egg and the detail of the annular zone of the eggs of Lycaena bleusei (A, B), L. virgaurae (C, D), and L. alciphron (E, F). Scale bars 200 Μm (A, C, E) and 50 Μm (B, D, F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234857/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
Fig.
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A, B) possesses large cells surrounding the annular depression, which have elevated walls at the points of intersection. It has fewer cells (less than
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polar view) in comparison to
<taxonomicName id="31984D31536EFFC8FD03FAE47A9B6A2B" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[716,995,1324,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgaureae">
<emphasis id="C4ECEAA0536EFFC8FD03FAE47A1B6A2A" box="[716,867,1325,1348]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">L. virgaureae</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="6EA32A37536EFFC8FC3DFAE57D4D6A2A" box="[1010,1077,1324,1349]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,209,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1764]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Scanning electron microscope photographs of a general view of the egg and the detail of the annular zone of the eggs of Lycaena bleusei (A, B), L. virgaurae (C, D), and L. alciphron (E, F). Scale bars 200 Μm (A, C, E) and 50 Μm (B, D, F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234857/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
Fig.
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C, D) and
<taxonomicName id="31984D31536EFFC8FB66FAE47C186A2B" authority="Poda" authorityName="Poda" box="[1193,1376,1324,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tityrus">
<emphasis id="C4ECEAA0536EFFC8FB66FAE47C766A2A" box="[1193,1294,1325,1348]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">L. tityrus</emphasis>
(Poda)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="6EA32A37536EFFC8FAA1FAE579DA6A06" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1760,1782]" captionTargetBox="[173,1418,206,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1739]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Scanning electron microscope photographs of a general view of the egg and the detail of the annular zone of the eggs of Lycaena phlaeas (A, B), L. helle (C, D), and L. tityrus (E, F). Scale bars 200 Μm (A, C, E), 20 Μm (B, D), and 50 Μm (F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234856/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
Fig.
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E, F) (which have more than
<number id="40502495536EFFC8FE35FA997B626A06" box="[506,538,1360,1384]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" value="20.0">20</number>
).
<taxonomicName id="31984D31536EFFC8FDE0FA987BE76A06" box="[559,671,1359,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bleusei">
<emphasis id="C4ECEAA0536EFFC8FDE0FA987BE76A06" box="[559,671,1359,1384]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">L. bleusei</emphasis>
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has also cell walls more prominent than the previously mentioned species and protruding pyramids arising from the cell intersections. On the other hand
<taxonomicName id="31984D31536EFFC8FBA8FABC7D866AE2" box="[1127,1278,1397,1420]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgaureae">
<emphasis id="C4ECEAA0536EFFC8FBA8FABC7D866AE2" box="[1127,1278,1397,1420]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">L. virgaureae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="31984D31536EFFC8FAF9FABC7CE46AE2" box="[1334,1436,1397,1420]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tityrus">
<emphasis id="C4ECEAA0536EFFC8FAF9FABC7CE46AE2" box="[1334,1436,1397,1420]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">L. tityrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have eggs that are very similar in appearance.
<taxonomicName id="31984D31536EFFC8FD6EFA507AB26ADE" authority="Rottemburg" authorityName="Rottemburg" box="[673,970,1431,1456]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alciphron">
<emphasis id="C4ECEAA0536EFFC8FD6EFA507A536ADE" box="[673,811,1431,1456]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">L. alciphron</emphasis>
(Rottemburg)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="6EA32A37536EFFC8FC15FA5E7D666ADE" box="[986,1054,1431,1456]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,209,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1764]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Scanning electron microscope photographs of a general view of the egg and the detail of the annular zone of the eggs of Lycaena bleusei (A, B), L. virgaurae (C, D), and L. alciphron (E, F). Scale bars 200 Μm (A, C, E) and 50 Μm (B, D, F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234857/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
Fig.
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E, F) and
<taxonomicName id="31984D31536EFFC8FB42FA507CE46ADE" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[1165,1436,1431,1456]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hippothoe">
<emphasis id="C4ECEAA0536EFFC8FB42FA507C636ADE" box="[1165,1307,1431,1456]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">L. hippothoe</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="6EA32A37536EFFC8FF50FA7579986ABA" box="[159,224,1468,1493]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1758,1780]" captionTargetBox="[173,1407,208,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1737]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron microscope photographs of a general view of the egg and the detail of the annular zone of the eggs of Lycaena hippothoe (A, B), Thecla betulae (C, D), and Favonius quercus (E, F). Scale bars 200 Μm (A, C, E) and 20 Μm (B, D, F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234858/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
Fig.
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A, B) have cells of rounded outline and characteristic small depressions in the transition zone. These are five or six in
<taxonomicName id="31984D31536EFFC8FF35FA2878FF6A96" box="[250,391,1503,1528]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hippothoe">
<emphasis id="C4ECEAA0536EFFC8FF35FA2878FF6A96" box="[250,391,1503,1528]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">L. hippothoe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and are larger than those of
<taxonomicName id="31984D31536EFFC8FD09FA167A306A96" box="[710,840,1503,1528]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alciphron">
<emphasis id="C4ECEAA0536EFFC8FD09FA167A306A96" box="[710,840,1503,1528]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">L.alciphron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>