<documentID-CLB-Dataset="7272"ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.176.58825"ID-GBIF-Dataset="68fb2847-2bb9-4293-b1af-ac6d004bc2dc"ID-PMC="PMC8065009"ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-176-43"ID-Pensoft-UUID="BDBA991D66035F7E81F2FFD7FDA59DC2"ID-PubMed="33958938"ModsDocID="1314-2003-176-43"checkinTime="1618619350835"checkinUser="pensoft"docAuthor="Liao, Rong-Li, Cai, Lei, Yu, Zhi-Yong, Wang, Yue-Hua & Sun, Wei-Bang"docDate="2021"docId="7E11335ADD9554919F42A0A0D34D00F1"docLanguage="en"docName="PhytoKeys 176: 43-53"docOrigin="PhytoKeys 176"docPubDate="2021-04-16"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.176.58825"docTitle="Impatiens wutaishanensis R. L. Liao & Lei Cai 2021, sp. nov."docType="treatment"docVersion="6"id="BDBA991D66035F7E81F2FFD7FDA59DC2"lastPageNumber="43"masterDocId="BDBA991D66035F7E81F2FFD7FDA59DC2"masterDocTitle="Impatiens wutaishanensis (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Southeast Yunnan, China"masterLastPageNumber="53"masterPageNumber="43"pageNumber="43"updateTime="1732876149749"updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:affiliationid="96B5391CE71F2AC9152C44E9145D9F08">School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations / Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="CAA25F009A5F9C08616E0195C7634A7B">Management Bureau of Jinping Fenshuiling National Nature Reserve, Jingping 661500, Yunnan, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="C2A200C784CA9FBEB98B7BF65DEF0D1D">Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations / Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China</mods:affiliation>
<taxonomicNameid="0DF747938201CF5AC9B09DA37FF13F05"ID-CoL="8H4V5"LSID="7E11335A-DD95-5491-9F42-A0A0D34D00F1"authority="R. L. Liao & Lei Cai"authorityName="R. L. Liao & Lei Cai"authorityYear="2021"class="Magnoliopsida"family="Balsaminaceae"genus="Impatiens"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Impatiens wutaishanensis"order="Ericales"pageId="0"pageNumber="43"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="wutaishanensis"status="sp. nov.">Impatiens wutaishanensis R.L. Liao & Lei Cai</taxonomicName>
<figureCitationid="B76AA06B925ABDA4BCA6F3C83894B40D"captionStart="Figure 1"captionStartId="F1"captionText="Figure 1. Impatiens wutaishanensis R. L. Liao & Lei Cai A habit B whole plant C inflorescence D capsule E flower in front view F flower in lateral view G different parts of the flower."figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.176.58825.figure1"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/531547"pageId="0"pageNumber="43">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="B2582AEDD9FBBD656B4F50F17363B2F7"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="F2"captionText="Figure 2. Impatiens wutaishanensis R. L. Liao & Lei Cai (drawn by R. M. Zhang) A habit B root C inner lateral sepal D outer lateral sepal E dorsal petal F lateral united petals (F 1: upper petal F 2: lower petal) G lower sepal H ovary and stamens I flower in front view J flower in lateral view K partial view of leaf margin."figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.176.58825.figure2"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/531548"pageId="0"pageNumber="43">, 2</figureCitation>
<materialsCitationid="D0A638523973636A042FCD110877678B"ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3079226301"collectingDate="2016-09-10"collectorName="Lei Cai, Z. Y. Yu"country="China"county="Jinping County"elevation="1650"latitude="22.772213"location="Maandi"longLatPrecision="1"longitude="103.47494"specimenCount="1"stateProvince="Yunnan Province"typeStatus="holotype">
<bibRefCitationid="9770C042DE7267B0C8A6CAEAA7E3D871"DOI="https://doi.org/10.5735/085.048.0108"author="Hou, YT"journalOrPublisher="Annales Botanici Fennici"pageId="0"pageNumber="43"pagination="57 - 62"refId="B11"refString="Hou, YT, Zhou, XR, Yu, SX, 2011. Impatiens parvisepala (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China. Annales Botanici Fennici 48 (1): 57 - 62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5735/085.048.0108"title="Impatiens parvisepala (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China."url="https://doi.org/10.5735/085.048.0108"volume="48"year="2011">Hou et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
) in its racemose inflorescences, its alternate and aggregated or subverticillate at stem apex arrangement leaf, and its yellow flowers, but it can be distinguished by its conspicuous 0.5-2.4 cm long petiole (vs. sub-sessile or sessile), its shorter 10-35 cm high plants (vs. 35-60 cm high), its 3.5-12
3.5-6 cm obovate or obovate-lanceolate blade with attenuate bases), its slightly incurved or narrowing to incurved spur (vs. nearly straight spur), and its racemose inflorescences with up to 22 flowers (vs. 6-8 flowers per inflorescence).
<taxonomicNameid="6C8DE05C7DF04DE7F7AFDBC536A5DC82"authorityName="R. L. Liao & Lei Cai"authorityYear="2021"class="Magnoliopsida"family="Balsaminaceae"genus="Impatiens"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Impatiens wutaishanensis"order="Ericales"pageId="0"pageNumber="43"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="wutaishanensis">
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1.5-4 cm, elliptic, lanceolate, or lanceolate-oblong, base cuneate, margin roughly crenate, mucronulate, apex acuminate, adaxial surface dark green, abaxial surface pale green, lateral veins 4-8 pairs. Racemes in the upper leaf axils, 1-4, 4.2-28 cm long, erect, each with up to 22 flowers. Pedicels 0.6-2.5 cm long, bracteate at base. Bracts ca. 8 mm long, lanceolate to subulate, apex acute, base obtuse, margin entire. Flowers yellow. Lateral sepals 4, light green, the outer pair ca. 5-8
1.2-2 cm excluding the spur, yellow to yellowish green with reddish patches, obliquely infundibuliform, base gradually constricted into a spur, spur 1.2-3 cm long, slightly incurved or narrowing to incurved, apex rostellate. Dorsal petal 1.3-2.3
0.7-1.6 cm, yellow with nearly transparent base, obovate to ovate, apex acuminate, with an inconspicuous dorsal crest, base truncate or cuneate. Lateral united petals ca. 1.6-3 cm long, yellow with nearly transparent base and reddish patches; the upper petals ca. 1.5-2.3
0.6-0.8 cm, reniform. Stamens 5, filaments linear, ca. 3 mm long, anthers obtuse. Ovary fusiform, slightly curved. Placentation axile with four locules. Capsule (immature) clavate, 2-2.5 cm long.
<figureCitationid="D6C5EC249F4DF6A2B6E219C38FE1B02F"captionStart="Figure 3"captionStartId="F3"captionText="Figure 3. Micromorphology of Impatiens wutaishanensis R. L. Liao & Lei Cai under cryo-SEM A-D pollen A polar view B equatorial view C partial view D total view E-F leaf surface E adaxial epidermis F abaxial epidermis. Scale bar: 2 μm (A, B); 1 μm (C); 20 μm (D-F)."figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.176.58825.figure3"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/531549"pageId="0"pageNumber="43">3</figureCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="567FF2CBC716F1C8F786135200C3D4ED"authorityName="R. L. Liao & Lei Cai"authorityYear="2021"class="Magnoliopsida"family="Balsaminaceae"genus="Impatiens"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Impatiens wutaishanensis"order="Ericales"pageId="0"pageNumber="43"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="wutaishanensis">
The anticlinal walls of the epidermal cells on the adaxial surfaces are straight, while those of the abaxial surface are sinuate. The stomata only appeared on the abaxial surface of the leaf, the shape was anomocytic and the outline of the guard cells was suborbiculate (Fig.
<figureCitationid="2D77321C078CBC25584B35A4192A67FB"captionStart="Figure 3"captionStartId="F3"captionText="Figure 3. Micromorphology of Impatiens wutaishanensis R. L. Liao & Lei Cai under cryo-SEM A-D pollen A polar view B equatorial view C partial view D total view E-F leaf surface E adaxial epidermis F abaxial epidermis. Scale bar: 2 μm (A, B); 1 μm (C); 20 μm (D-F)."figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.176.58825.figure3"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/531549"pageId="0"pageNumber="43">3</figureCitation>
<paragraphid="B970B9F73E1D8C1B68919B0385851BA1"pageId="0"pageNumber="43">This new species was observed flowering from August to November, and fruiting from September to December.</paragraph>
This species is currently known from only two small subpopulations less than 10 km away (Shidong and Biaoshuiyan) in Jinping County of Southeast Yunnan, China (Fig.
<figureCitationid="7DBF3157A4601F3E2F85FC84D080365F"captionStart="Figure 4"captionStartId="F4"captionText="Figure 4. Distribution of Impatiens wutaishanensis R. L. Liao & Lei Cai and I. parvisepala S. X. Yu & Y. T. Hou."figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.176.58825.figure4"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/531550"pageId="0"pageNumber="43">4</figureCitation>
). The distribution area is very close to the border between China and Vietnam. We assume that this species should be distributed in Vietnam due to its similar habitat and proximity to the type locality, which will be verified by future investigation.
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This new species has a runner with adventitious root produced from the nodes and was collected growing in the understory of forest at an elevation of 1300-1650 m. In the subpopulation in Shidong, the plants found coexist with the cultivated
<taxonomicNameid="6B47D74276E669F1AFEAFDE18C300BB4"authorityName="Crevost & Lemarie"authorityYear="1917"class="Monocotyledoneae"family="Zingiberaceae"genus="Amomum"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Amomum tsaoko"order="Scitamineae"pageId="0"pageNumber="43"phylum="Angiospermae"rank="species"species="tsaoko">
This species is currently known only from Jinping County, Yunnan, China with one type locality and a subpopulation. The Extent of Occurrence (EOO) is less than 100 km2 and the known Area of Occupancy (AOO) is less than 15 km2. The conservation status can be evaluated as Vulnerable (VU) D2 based on IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (
<bibRefCitationid="C89AE15A559C0A66994AE0A7484187C5"author="IUCN"journalOrPublisher="Annales Botanici Fennici"pageId="0"pageNumber="43"publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf"refId="B12"refString="IUCN, 2019. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf"title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee."url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf"year="2019">IUCN 2019</bibRefCitation>
). About 350 and 200 individuals were known in the two subpopulations of Biaoshuiyan and Shidong, respectively, and both are exposed to human disturbance. Therefore, we assess this species as a Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations (PSESP) (
<bibRefCitationid="55435FC8897E0FD9312A5F6EA5DB62DF"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108535"author="Yang, J"journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa"pageId="0"pageNumber="43"refId="B24"refString="Yang, J, Cai, L, Liu, DT, Chen, G, Gratzfeld, J, Sun, WB, 2020. China's conservation program on Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations (PSESP): Progress and perspectives. Biological Conservation 244: e108535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108535"title="China's conservation program on Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations (PSESP): Progress and perspectives. Biological Conservation 244: e 108535."url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108535"year="2020">Yang et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="C8C03F5E70C75ED663E7072BCA16CD2E"authorityName="R. L. Liao & Lei Cai"authorityYear="2021"class="Magnoliopsida"family="Balsaminaceae"genus="Impatiens"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Impatiens wutaishanensis"order="Ericales"pageId="0"pageNumber="43"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="wutaishanensis">
' refers to the type locality where the new species was found, located in the Wutaishan area of Jinping Fenshuiling National Nature Reserve, Jinping County, Southeast Yunnan, China. The Chinese name is given as
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is usually a shorter plant and its petiolate leaf blades are smaller and elliptic, lanceolate, or lanceolate-oblong. Its nectar spur is slightly incurved or narrowing to an incurved spur, and each inflorescence may have up to 22 flowers (Figs
<figureCitationid="6ED41700D8C83681A159C025CD3D3E2D"captionStart="Figure 1"captionStartId="F1"captionText="Figure 1. Impatiens wutaishanensis R. L. Liao & Lei Cai A habit B whole plant C inflorescence D capsule E flower in front view F flower in lateral view G different parts of the flower."figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.176.58825.figure1"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/531547"pageId="0"pageNumber="43">1</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="C4C7F218F1030CE05ED1F255C6C8ADE1"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="F2"captionText="Figure 2. Impatiens wutaishanensis R. L. Liao & Lei Cai (drawn by R. M. Zhang) A habit B root C inner lateral sepal D outer lateral sepal E dorsal petal F lateral united petals (F 1: upper petal F 2: lower petal) G lower sepal H ovary and stamens I flower in front view J flower in lateral view K partial view of leaf margin."figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.176.58825.figure2"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/531548"pageId="0"pageNumber="43">2</figureCitation>
are taller, the sessile or subsessile leaf blades are larger and obovate or obovate-lanceolate, the spur is nearly straight and the number of flowers per inflorescence is 6-8 (
<bibRefCitationid="F66B51CF30BA41BD04D1F477462BF190"DOI="https://doi.org/10.5735/085.048.0108"author="Hou, YT"journalOrPublisher="Annales Botanici Fennici"pageId="0"pageNumber="43"pagination="57 - 62"refId="B11"refString="Hou, YT, Zhou, XR, Yu, SX, 2011. Impatiens parvisepala (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China. Annales Botanici Fennici 48 (1): 57 - 62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5735/085.048.0108"title="Impatiens parvisepala (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China."url="https://doi.org/10.5735/085.048.0108"volume="48"year="2011">Hou et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="903F7D67BB2006E44FA8A2D46FC2C786"authorityName="R. L. Liao & Lei Cai"authorityYear="2021"class="Magnoliopsida"family="Balsaminaceae"genus="Impatiens"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Impatiens wutaishanensis"order="Ericales"pageId="0"pageNumber="43"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="wutaishanensis">
<figureCitationid="36ADC90A7691E72BCB59069676B8AC38"captionStart="Figure 4"captionStartId="F4"captionText="Figure 4. Distribution of Impatiens wutaishanensis R. L. Liao & Lei Cai and I. parvisepala S. X. Yu & Y. T. Hou."figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.176.58825.figure4"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/531550"pageId="0"pageNumber="43">4</figureCitation>
In order to illustrate the morphological circumscription of the new species, we compare the new species with four species with similar morphological characters in Table
<tableCitationid="319CD3781A158326795F324F21103C1E"captionStart="Table 1"captionStartId="T1"captionText="Table 1. Comparison of morphological characters in Impatiens wutaishanensis (n = 30 for the measurements), I. parvisepala (data from Hou et al. 2011 and Son et al. 2015), I. apalophylla (data from Hooker 1908 a and Chen et al. 2007), I. clavigera (data from Hooker 1909 b, Hou et al. 2011 and Tan et al. 2015,) and I. tianlinensis (data from Zeng et al. 2015)."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8CF1916B13D8048EDCAE8F69A94D95BE"pageId="0"pageNumber="43"tableUuid="8CF1916B13D8048EDCAE8F69A94D95BE">1</tableCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EF859E6736E8F2137BE1AF83C0796733"DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.227.3.4"author="Zeng, L"journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa"pageId="0"pageNumber="43"pagination="253 - 260"refId="B27"refString="Zeng, L, Liu, YN, Gogoi, R, Zhang, LJ, Yu, SX, 2015. Impatiens tianlinensis (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China. Phytotaxa 227 (3): 253 - 260, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.227.3.4"title="Impatiens tianlinensis (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China."url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.227.3.4"volume="227"year="2015">Zeng et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitationid="108A5F9AFB0C704CCBCC2070FF81A935"DOI="https://doi.org/10.5735/085.048.0108"author="Hou, YT"journalOrPublisher="Annales Botanici Fennici"pageId="0"pageNumber="43"pagination="57 - 62"refId="B11"refString="Hou, YT, Zhou, XR, Yu, SX, 2011. Impatiens parvisepala (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China. Annales Botanici Fennici 48 (1): 57 - 62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5735/085.048.0108"title="Impatiens parvisepala (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China."url="https://doi.org/10.5735/085.048.0108"volume="48"year="2011">Hou et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="91C9C6BD66E59750E256B5E9DE5E69E5"author="Hooker, JD"journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa"pageId="0"pageNumber="43"refId="B9"refString="Hooker, JD, 1908a. Les Especes Du Genre "Impatiens" dans l'Herbier du Museum de Paris. Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, ser. 4, 10: 233-272."title="Les Especes Du Genre " Impatiens " dans l'Herbier du Museum de Paris. Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, ser. 4, 10: 233 - 272."year="1908 a">Hooker 1908a</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="AB8904FC20B7E44104DAA8E8EDC2D611"DOI="https://doi.org/10.5735/085.048.0108"author="Hou, YT"journalOrPublisher="Annales Botanici Fennici"pageId="0"pageNumber="43"pagination="57 - 62"refId="B11"refString="Hou, YT, Zhou, XR, Yu, SX, 2011. Impatiens parvisepala (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China. Annales Botanici Fennici 48 (1): 57 - 62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5735/085.048.0108"title="Impatiens parvisepala (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China."url="https://doi.org/10.5735/085.048.0108"volume="48"year="2011">Hou et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="26378B429B33A665DF389D21A3C38549"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-015-0108-4"author="Tan, YH"journalOrPublisher="Caryologia"pageId="0"pageNumber="43"refId="B21"refString="Tan, YH, Liu, YN, Jiang, H, Zhu, XX, Zhang, W, Yu, SX, 2015. Impatiens pandurata (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Yunnan, China. Botanical Studies 56: 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-015-0108-4"title="Impatiens pandurata (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Yunnan, China. Botanical Studies 56: 29."url="https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-015-0108-4"year="2015">Tan et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="DCE0E660013495D23126B3940F772097"DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.227.3.4"author="Zeng, L"journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa"pageId="0"pageNumber="43"pagination="253 - 260"refId="B27"refString="Zeng, L, Liu, YN, Gogoi, R, Zhang, LJ, Yu, SX, 2015. Impatiens tianlinensis (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China. Phytotaxa 227 (3): 253 - 260, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.227.3.4"title="Impatiens tianlinensis (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China."url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.227.3.4"volume="227"year="2015">Zeng et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
